Vegetation group ecological restoration design method based on multi-factor weighted scoring

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a vegetation group ecological restoration design method based on multi-factor weighted scoring, and the method comprises the following steps: investigating and assigning scores; calculating an index; grading and matching; vegetation configuration design; and implementing and verifying. According to the method, key environment factors are investigated, ecological restoration suitability indexes are calculated, a multi-layer matching mechanism is introduced in combination with an actual scene, corresponding grades are matched according to scores, different regions are partitioned, and then a vegetation group ecological restoration scheme is independently designed, so that the ecological restoration target is achieved. According to the layered semicircular vegetation group module, the structural stability is enhanced, the water purification capacity is improved, the habitat continuity and spatial heterogeneity of a land and water transition zone can be built, the service function of an ecological system is remarkably improved, and the mode has the landscape function and the ecological function, is suitable for various types of ecological restoration scenes and has a wide application prospect. The popularization value is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a vegetation group ecological restoration design method based on multi-factor weighted scoring. Background Art

[0002] Rivers and wetlands provide suitable habitats, reproduction, and foraging areas for numerous wild animals and plants. Wetland environmental destruction will directly lead to the loss or fragmentation of habitats for many species, resulting in a reduction in species numbers or even extinction. For example, many aquatic plants cannot survive due to river pollution and wetland drying, which in turn affects the survival of organisms such as fish, birds, and insects that rely on these plants. Some rivers have long been affected by agricultural non-point source pollution and uneven flow rates, resulting in deterioration of water quality parameters, excessive ammonia nitrogen, riverbed erosion, and a decline in biodiversity. Ecological restoration of vegetation groups is necessary to improve water quality parameters, stabilize riverbeds, and restore habitats. In view of this, this case arose. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems through a vegetation group ecological restoration design method based on multi-factor weighted scoring.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: The vegetation group ecological restoration design method based on multi-factor weighted scoring includes the following steps: Step a, research and scoring: research and score environmental factors; Step b, index calculation: The scores of each environmental factor are weighted and calculated using a comprehensive index formula to obtain the ecological restoration suitability index; Step c, hierarchical matching: dividing the river area according to the value of the ecological restoration suitability index; Step d, vegetation configuration design: design corresponding vegetation group ecological restoration plans for different areas; Step e: Implement the vegetation ecological restoration plan and verify the restoration effect.

[0005] Preferably, in step a, the environmental factors include hydrodynamic factors, ecological factors and spatial factors, the hydrodynamic factors include flow velocity and water depth, the ecological factors include water quality parameters and bottom type, and the spatial factors include regional area and morphology.

[0006] Preferably, in step b, the comprehensive index formula is: , where S is the ecological restoration suitability index, S i is the score of the environmental factor of dimension i, W i is the weight of the environmental factor in the i-th dimension.

[0007] Preferably, in step c, the river channel is divided into a high suitability zone, a medium suitability zone and a low suitability zone according to the ecological restoration suitability index.

[0008] Preferably, in step d, the vegetation groups in the vegetation group ecological restoration plan are divided into emergent plants, floating leaf plants and submerged plants according to their functions. The vegetation group ecological restoration plan in the highly suitable area is: plant emergent plants in the shallow water area of ​​the slope protection. The vegetation group ecological restoration plan in the medium suitable area is: arrange emergent plants, floating leaf plants and submerged plants in sequence from the shore to the water on the slope protection. The vegetation group ecological restoration plan in the low suitable area adopts a no-planting plan or plants submerged plants in the deep water area of ​​the slope protection.

[0009] Preferably, the ecological restoration plan for vegetation groups in the medium suitable area is carried out through semicircular vegetation group modules arranged on the slope protection. The top view shape of the semicircular vegetation group module is semicircular, and the water level of the semicircular vegetation group module gradually deepens from the center to the edge. The semicircular vegetation group module includes a semicircular water-emerging belt, a semicircular floating leaf belt and a semicircular submerged belt from the inside to the outside.

[0010] Preferably, the water-supporting belt includes a honeycomb slope protection layer, planting soil, an ecological blanket and coarse sand from top to bottom, and the honeycomb slope protection layer is made of hexagonal honeycomb permeable slope protection bricks.

[0011] Preferably, the floating leaf belt includes planting soil, ecological blanket and coarse sand from top to bottom. A floating growth frame floats on the water surface above the floating leaf belt. The floating growth frame floats on the water surface. Planting holes are provided on the floating growth frame. A slow-flow baffle is provided on the edge of the floating growth frame. The floating growth frame is connected to the anchor point of the ecological slope protection through a flexible rope.

[0012] Preferably, the submerged belt includes an underwater three-dimensional habitat module and an anchoring frame from top to bottom, and wooden piles are arranged on the periphery of the submerged belt. The underwater three-dimensional habitat module includes a fish nest hole and porous bricks from top to bottom. A matrix cavity is provided inside the porous bricks, and the matrix cavity is filled with a matrix. The fish nest hole is arc-shaped, with a closed structure on the side facing the water flow and a hole structure on the other side.

[0013] Preferably, an interface adjustment zone is provided between the water-emerging belt and the floating leaf belt, and between the floating leaf belt and the submerged belt. The interface adjustment zone includes, from top to bottom, an underwater habitat net belt, a stabilization layer, a percolation layer and an anti-scour layer. The underwater habitat net belt is filled with activated carbon and gravel. The stabilization layer includes, from top to bottom, coconut coir, expanded clay, and an ecological blanket. The percolation layer is covered with crushed stone and expanded clay from top to bottom. The anti-scour layer includes, from top to bottom, gravel, broken bricks and bonding soil. Isolation geotextiles are provided at the boundaries of the water-emerging belt and the interface adjustment zone, the boundaries of the floating leaf belt and the interface adjustment zone, and the boundaries of the submerged belt and the interface adjustment zone.

[0014] From the above description, it can be seen that the vegetation group ecological restoration design method based on multi-factor weighted scoring provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention calculates the ecological restoration suitability index by investigating key environmental factors such as flow velocity, water depth, and water quality parameters. After obtaining the total score through calculation, a multi-layer matching mechanism is introduced in combination with the actual scenario. According to the corresponding level of score matching, the vegetation group ecological restoration plan is independently designed after zoning different areas to achieve the ecological restoration goal. The present invention introduces a multidimensional weighted scoring method into the ecological restoration design of vegetation groups; after a simple investigation and calculation process, it does not require complex equipment support and has strong operability; the weights can be dynamically adjusted according to actual goals and has strong adaptability; the present invention proposes a layered semicircular vegetation group module, in which emergent plants, floating-leaf plants and submerged plants are arranged in sequence from the shore to the water, forming a three-dimensional structural layout from high to low, from inside to outside, and from the shore to the deep water area. This layout pattern not only enhances structural stability and improves water purification capacity, but also creates habitat continuity and spatial heterogeneity in the water-land transition zone, significantly improving the ecosystem service function. This model has both landscape function and ecological function, is suitable for various types of ecological restoration scenarios, and has promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a semicircular vegetation group module.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a top view of the semicircular vegetation group module.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a top view of the three-dimensional habitat module.

[0018] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional habitat module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described below through specific embodiments.

[0020] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0021] The vegetation group ecological restoration design method based on multi-factor weighted scoring includes the following steps: Step a, research and scoring: research and score environmental factors; Step b, index calculation: The scores of each environmental factor are weighted and calculated using a comprehensive index formula to obtain the ecological restoration suitability index; Step c, hierarchical matching: dividing the river area according to the value of the ecological restoration suitability index; Step d, vegetation configuration design: Design corresponding vegetation group ecological restoration plans for different regions; in step d, based on historical data or the actual effects and results of small-scale pilot verification, fine-tune the weights and matching rules, and establish a data system for configuration plans. After entering the environmental factor values, a recommended plan can be generated.

[0022] Step e: Implement the vegetation restoration plan and verify its effectiveness. Through field surveys, a directory of river ecological restoration application cases was established. Environmental factor values ​​and restoration effect ratings were obtained for each application case. These environmental factor values ​​and restoration effect data were input into the system as basic data. Subsequently, the data generated during the implementation and verification of this method was fed back into the data system for training to determine the optimal configuration plan.

[0023] In step a, environmental factors include hydrodynamic factors, ecological factors, and spatial factors. Hydrodynamic factors include flow velocity and water depth, ecological factors include water quality parameters and bottom sediment type, and spatial factors include area and morphology. Water quality parameters include common water quality assessment parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). Bottom sediment types include sand, silt, and gravel, and morphology includes slope gradient.

[0024] In step b, the comprehensive index formula is: , where S is the ecological restoration suitability index, S i is the score of the environmental factor of dimension i, W i is the weight of the environmental factor in the i-th dimension.

[0025] In step c, the river channel is divided into high, medium, and low suitability zones based on the ecological restoration suitability index. The high suitability zone is also known as the stable zone, the medium suitability zone is also known as the slow flow zone, and the low suitability zone is also known as the mainstream zone.

[0026] In step d, the vegetation groups in the ecological restoration plan for vegetation groups are divided into emergent plants, floating-leaf plants and submerged plants according to their functions. The ecological restoration plan for vegetation groups in highly suitable areas is: plant emergent plants in the shallow water area of ​​the slope protection; the ecological restoration plan for vegetation groups in medium suitable areas is: arrange emergent plants, floating-leaf plants and submerged plants in sequence from the shore to the water on the slope protection; the ecological restoration plan for vegetation groups in low suitable areas adopts a no-planting plan or plants submerged plants in the deep water area of ​​the slope protection. Submerged plants need to be erosion-resistant varieties (such as duckweed and black algae). According to the environmental characteristics of different zones, corresponding vegetation combinations and layout methods are selected. The ecological restoration suitability index of the high suitability zone is high and the ecological self-repair ability is high. Only emergent plants need to be planted in the shallow water area; the ecological restoration suitability index of the medium suitability zone is medium. It is an area of ​​key focus for ecological restoration. Ecological restoration through semicircular vegetation group modules arranged on the slope protection can significantly improve the ecosystem; the ecological restoration suitability index of the low suitability zone is low. Due to the strong hydrodynamics and usually fast water flow in this area, it is not suitable for planting plants or only some submerged plants with strong survival ability can be planted.

[0027] The vegetation groups in the ecological restoration plan are divided into emergent plants, floating-leaf plants and submerged plants according to their functions, as detailed below: 1. Emergent plants (typical: reeds, cattails, water plantains, etc.) Deployment area: Highly suitable area (stable area, shallow water area near the shore, water depth <0.5m) Function description: The root system can penetrate deep into the bottom soil, has good anti-scour ability, and enhances the stability of the slope protection; the above-ground stems and leaves stand upright above the water surface, helping to block runoff and intercept sediment; provide habitats / breeding places for birds, insects, etc.; have a certain landscape effect, providing a "green interface" for the entire waterfront.

[0028] Suitable layout method: It can be laid out in the 0-0.5m water depth area on the shore, and can be combined with honeycomb slope protection structure or embedded in the planting soil layer as the "outermost circle" or "top layer" of the entire vegetation group.

[0029] 2. Floating leaf plants (typical: water lilies, water spinach, floating water spinach, etc.) Deployment area: moderately suitable area (slow flow area, water depth of about 0.5-1.5m) Function description: The leaves float on the water surface, providing shade and cooling, and inhibiting excessive algae growth; the roots droop, helping to absorb suspended pollutants and participate in water purification; in areas with moderate hydrodynamics, they can form stable coverage and increase the heterogeneity of the water surface; they are highly ornamental and enhance the sense of layering of the landscape.

[0030] Suitable layout: Set up a floating planting platform (floating island), anchored to the shore or submerged structure through flexible ropes, allowing it to float up and down with water level fluctuations to build an intermediate layer.

[0031] 3. Submerged plants (typical: hornwort, hydrilla, Vallisneria, etc.) Deployment area: low suitable area (mainstream area or deep water slow flow area, water depth>1.5m) Function description: The whole plant sinks underwater, forming an underwater "forest", increasing the complexity of the spatial structure; it strongly absorbs nutrients and has a strong water purification effect; it improves underwater dissolved oxygen conditions and provides a habitat for benthic animals / fish larvae; it inhibits sediment disturbance and reduces the release of endogenous pollution.

[0032] Suitable layout: Planted in grid anchor modules or submerged frames to avoid being washed away or floating, suitable for deep water sections or low flow mainstream areas.

[0033] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the ecological restoration scheme for vegetation communities in the moderately suitable zone utilizes semicircular vegetation modules arranged on the slope protection. These modules are semicircular in shape when viewed from above, with the water level gradually deepening from the center to the edge. From the inside out, the modules consist of a semicircular emergent belt 1, a semicircular floating leaf belt 2, and a semicircular submerged belt 3. The modules are arranged at intervals along the slope protection. From a vertical cross-section, the slope of the emergent belt 1 is 1:6, the slope of the floating leaf belt 2 is 1:4, and the slope of the submerged belt 3 is 1:2. Slope refers to the ratio of height to horizontal distance. To meet the multiple objectives of "stability, habitat function, and landscape" in river channel ecological restoration, this paper proposes a layered vegetation construction strategy. The vegetation within the modules is arranged sequentially from shore to water, with emergent plants, floating leaf plants, and submerged plants forming a three-dimensional structure from high to low, from the inside out, and from shore to deep water. This layout not only enhances structural stability (standing upright to resist scour) and improves water purification capacity (submerged water purification combined with floating leaves to shade and control algae), but also creates habitat continuity and spatial heterogeneity in the water-land transition zone, significantly improving ecosystem services. This model combines landscape functions (such as rising upright to form a waterfront green belt and floating leaves and flowers to enhance ornamental value) with ecological functions (such as multiple habitat layers and a diverse nutrient structure), making it suitable for a variety of ecological restoration scenarios and highly valuable for promotion.

[0034] The semicircular vegetation cluster modules proposed in this invention are arranged in a semicircular pattern. This structure has multiple advantages in terms of ecology, hydrodynamic compliance, and engineering scalability, as follows: Ecological Function Advantages – Backwater Slow-Flow Area: The semicircular structure creates a slow-flow zone in the backwater area, a nutrient-rich sedimentation zone, and a stable vegetation habitat, contributing to the formation of a high-ecologically valuable "wetland / sandbar," promoting the establishment of pioneer plants and habitat succession. By mimicking the natural succession process, the semicircular vegetation group enhances the synergy between physical intervention and ecological self-organization.

[0035] Advantages of general application – geometric regularity, easy replication and modular implementation: Unlike irregular ecological islands or natural block structures, semicircular patterns have clear boundaries and fixed radius parameters, making them easier for construction companies, local governments, and private sector participants to deploy according to unified standards. Their structure requires minimal terrain, consumes balanced materials, and offers simple and controllable planting methods. They can serve as a standardized vegetation configuration template for a variety of environments, including urban water system restoration, rural ditch improvement, and even constructed wetlands. This significantly facilitates large-scale deployment and project management.

[0036] Hydraulic compliance – cambered surface diversion, stable sedimentation, enhanced flow field differentiation: The semicircular surface, facing the water, creates a natural diversion effect in the direction of the river's mainstream. This flexible guidance alters local flow direction, reduces local velocity, and enhances sediment stability. It also forms a recirculation zone, flow reduction zone, or vortex buffer zone downstream of the vegetation, promoting nutrient deposition and particulate settling in the water. Through this hydraulic structural characteristic, the semicircular layout effectively enhances the vegetation's anti-impact stability and its ability to regulate water flow, enhancing its adaptability to the mainstream and the complexity of its habitat structure.

[0037] Advantages of integrating landscape and ecology – three-dimensional gentle slope + continuous habitat shaping capabilities: The semicircular layout not only reflects the natural flow of water from a bird's-eye view but also visually creates an orderly "green ripple" effect, contributing to the creation of an ecological landscape that blends art and nature. By arranging emergent, floating, and submerged plants in a gradual transition from the periphery to the center, a rich ecological stratification and functional coupling are formed in both vertical and horizontal dimensions, enhancing landscape diversity and ecological services.

[0038] From top to bottom, the water-emerging belt 1 consists of a honeycomb slope protection layer, planting soil, an ecological blanket, and coarse sand. The honeycomb slope protection layer is made of hexagonal honeycomb permeable slope protection bricks. Water-emerging belt 1 is located in areas with a water depth of 0m-0.5m and is primarily used to grow emergent plants such as reeds and cattails. The roots of the emergent plants are fixed to the planting soil layer through the planting holes of the honeycomb permeable slope protection bricks, enhancing root anchorage and ensuring that the plant roots can penetrate deep into the soil, improving scour resistance. The honeycomb permeable slope protection bricks are made of permeable materials, which can improve the permeability of the slope protection, promote water exchange, and reduce the risk of water quality deterioration in the slope protection area. The roots of the emergent plants are planted in the planting soil, which provides nutrients for plant growth and regulates water content for the plant roots. The ecological blanket prevents scour, consolidates soil, stabilizes slopes, and enhances root attachment. The coarse sand provides support, drainage, isolation, and anti-slip properties. The water-emergent belt 1 adopts a four-layer stabilization system as a whole to improve soil stability, enhance the anti-scouring ability of water-emergent plants, reduce soil erosion, achieve sustainable slope protection, enhance slope consolidation ability, form a long-term stable water-land interface zone, and improve the ecological benefits of slope protection.

[0039] Floating Leaf Belt 2 comprises, from top to bottom, planting soil, an ecological blanket, and coarse sand bedding. A floating growth frame 21 floats on the water surface above it. Floating growth frame 21 is equipped with planting holes and has flow-reducing baffles 22 at its edges. Floating growth frame 21 is connected to the anchor points of the ecological slope protection via flexible ropes 23. Floating Leaf Belt 2 is located in a water depth of 0.5-1.5 m. The planting soil, ecological blanket, and coarse sand in Floating Leaf Belt 2 serve the same purpose as those in Water-Standing Belt 1, except that it lacks a honeycomb slope protection layer. Instead, floating growth frame 21, which is used to grow floating leaf plants, floats above it. Floating growth frame 21 utilizes a floating support structure containing a biodegradable substrate. The planting holes allow the roots of the floating leaf plants to grow freely downward into the water. Simultaneously, the floating leaf plants are restrained by the floating growth frame 21 and flow-reducing baffles 22, and their roots are partially rooted in the growth substrate, effectively preventing them from drifting. The outer frames of the floating growth frame 21 and the slow-flow baffle 22 are made of bamboo and coconut fiber. These biodegradable materials are environmentally friendly and readily available, preventing the environmental pollution caused by the plastic floating growth frame 21. The floating growth frame 21 is of a certain thickness and filled with a lightweight buoyancy matrix, which maintains its buoyancy while gradually releasing nutrients. The lightweight buoyancy matrix can be made of one or more of cork, coconut fiber, carbonized wood chips, bamboo chips, or hollow cattail stems. These materials have low density, long-lasting buoyancy, are resistant to water decay, and are environmentally friendly and biodegradable. The floating growth frame 21 is connected to the anchor points of the ecological slope protection via flexible ropes 23. This allows the floating growth frame 21 to be confined to the floating leaf belt 2 while allowing its height to adjust with water level fluctuations, providing a stable growth platform for floating leaf plants and preventing them (such as water lilies and water chestnuts) from drifting with the current. The slow-flow baffle 22 is made of a permeable material to optimize the hydrodynamic environment, allowing some water to pass through while reducing erosion by rapid currents, thereby increasing plant colonization rates.

[0040] The submerged belt 3 includes an underwater three-dimensional habitat module 31 and an anchoring frame 32 from top to bottom. The periphery of the submerged belt 3 is provided with wooden piles 33. Figure 3-4As shown, the underwater three-dimensional habitat module 31 includes a fish nest hole 311 and a porous brick 312 from top to bottom. The porous brick 312 is provided with a matrix cavity inside, and the matrix cavity is filled with a matrix. The upper part of the fish nest hole 311 is arc-shaped, with a closed structure on the side facing the water flow and a hole structure on the other side. The lower part of the fish nest hole 311 is inserted into the matrix cavity of the porous brick 312, and the joints between the two are connected and fixed with an adhesive. The anchoring frame 32 is a grid frame made of corrosion-resistant metal or degradable polymer material. The bottom is provided with a pile foundation embedded in the riverbed, and the mesh diameter is 10-15cm. The anchoring frame 32 is fixed to the riverbed through the bottom pile foundation. The wooden piles 33 are pine piles 33, which are used to fix the soil on the periphery to prevent soil erosion and improve ecological properties. The matrix filled in the matrix cavity of the porous brick 312 is one or more of biochar, gravel porous ceramsite, and coconut fiber. The matrix is ​​for benthic organisms to attach. The lower part of the fish nest hole 311 is embedded in the porous brick 3 Within the matrix cavity 12, fish nest holes 311 provide habitats for fish. The side of the fish nest hole 311 facing the water flow is closed and curved. This streamlined design mitigates water impact and improves structural stability. The other side is a porous structure. The roots of submerged plants (such as hornwort and black algae) are embedded in the matrix of the planting module. The stems and leaves of the submerged plants naturally extend through the holes, which provide shelter for fish and shrimp. This structural design ensures a stable flow of water within the fish nest hole 311 while protecting it from the impact of rapids. The submerged belt 3 provides a stable attachment point for the submerged plants, preventing erosion. The permeable ecological slope protection bricks enhance water exchange, improve water purification capabilities, provide a habitat for benthic animals, and increase ecological diversity.

[0041] An interface adjustment zone 4 is provided between the water-emerging belt 1 and the floating leaf belt 2, and between the floating leaf belt 2 and the submerged belt 3. The interface adjustment zone 4 includes, from top to bottom, an underwater habitat net belt, a stabilization layer, a percolation layer and an anti-scour layer. The underwater habitat net belt is filled with activated carbon and gravel. The stabilization layer includes, from top to bottom, coconut coir, expanded clay, and an ecological blanket. The percolation layer is covered with crushed stone and expanded clay from top to bottom. The anti-scour layer includes, from top to bottom, gravel, broken bricks and bonding soil. Isolation geotextiles 5 are provided at the boundaries of the water-emerging belt 1 and the interface adjustment zone 4, the boundaries of the floating leaf belt 2 and the interface adjustment zone 4, and the boundaries of the submerged belt 3 and the interface adjustment zone 4. The underwater habitat network is filled with activated carbon and gravel, providing a substrate for microorganisms to attach, forming a microbial ecosystem and enhancing water purification capabilities. The stabilization layer provides a substrate for plant rooting, microbial attachment, and primary water purification. The infiltration layer reduces flow velocity, controls hydraulic disturbances, and prevents bottom scouring. The anti-scouring layer maintains overall structural stability, preventing collapse and bottom scouring. The isolation geotextile 5 is located at the boundary to prevent interpenetration, particle mixing, or structural misalignment between the various planting zones. An interface stabilization structure is provided at the junction.

[0042] Although the interface adjustment belt 4, the water-emerging belt 1, and the floating leaf belt 2 are all multi-layered structures from top to bottom, they differ greatly in terms of functional objectives, stress conditions, hydrodynamic environment, vegetation behavior, etc. Therefore, they cannot directly use exactly the same material configuration. The following uses the interface adjustment belt 4 and the water-emerging belt 1 as an example to explain the differences: The present invention proposes an ecological restoration design method for optimizing the layout of vegetation groups through multi-factor weighted scoring, which is suitable for restoration projects of ecosystems such as rivers and wetlands. This method combines multiple environmental factors such as flow rate, water depth, water quality parameters, and bottom sediment to construct a suitability weighted scoring model to calculate the ecological restoration suitability index of each area. This method divides environmental factors into several dimensions, and each dimension is scored independently to avoid the possibility that a high score for a certain environmental factor may mask the influence of other environmental factors. According to the results of the ecological restoration suitability index, the target area is divided into different functional zones, and differentiated vegetation group layout schemes are designed according to the characteristics of different zones, including parameter configurations such as vegetation type, density, and longitudinal spacing. Through experimental verification and model optimization, this method enhances the coupling effect between vegetation group layout and habitat diversity, achieves the comprehensive goals of improving water quality parameters, diversifying habitats, and riverbed stability, and provides an efficient and scientific design solution for ecological restoration projects. This method investigates key environmental factors such as flow rate, water depth, and water quality parameters to calculate a comprehensive suitability index. After obtaining a total score, it incorporates a multi-layer matching mechanism based on actual scenarios. Based on the scores, the corresponding levels are matched. After zoning different regions, independent vegetation restoration plans are designed to achieve the restoration goals. This method incorporates a multidimensional weighted scoring method into vegetation restoration design. Through a simple research and calculation process, it requires no complex equipment and is highly operational. Weights can be dynamically adjusted based on actual goals, making it highly adaptable.

[0043] The following is an example of river ecological restoration using a vegetation group ecological restoration design method based on multi-factor weighted scoring.

[0044] Specific implementation one: A river channel has long been affected by agricultural non-point source pollution and uneven flow rates, resulting in deteriorating water quality (excessive ammonia nitrogen), riverbed erosion, and decreased biodiversity. Ecological restoration of vegetation communities is necessary to improve water quality, stabilize the riverbed, and restore the habitat. The proposed ecological restoration method for vegetation communities based on multi-factor weighted scoring was used to implement ecological restoration, specifically including the following steps: Step a: Research scoring: Data collection for environmental factors includes the following: Hydrodynamic factor: Flow velocity (m / s): The flow velocity in different areas of the river was measured, and the measured flow velocity range was 0.2-1.5m / s.

[0045] Water depth (m): The measured water depth is 0.5-2.8m (dry season).

[0046] Ecological factors: Water quality parameters: Ammonia nitrogen value is 0.8-2.5mg / L.

[0047] Substrate type: The measured proportions of each material are sand 30%, silt 50%, and gravel 20%.

[0048] Spatial Factor: Area: Divide the river into 10 units of 200-500m².

[0049] River channel morphology: The slope of the river channel is 10°-25°.

[0050] After measuring the environmental factors of each area of ​​the river, points are assigned according to their specific data and types. In this embodiment, the factor scoring standards are shown in the following table: Step b, index calculation: Example calculation: Take the data of a certain area of ​​the river as an example for calculation: Flow rate: 0.5m / s, assigned 8 points, weight 0.3; Water depth: 1.2m, assigned 6 points, weight 0.2; Ammonia nitrogen: 1.2 mg / L, assigned 7 points, weight 0.25; Bottom sediment: silt accounts for 50%, with a score of 6 and a weight of 0.15; Slope: 15°, 3 points, weight 0.1; The total score of the ecological restoration suitability index is: S=8×0.3+6×0.2+7×0.25+6×0.15+3×0.1=2.4+1.2+1.75+0.9+0.3=6.55.

[0051] Step c: Hierarchical matching: According to the value of the ecological restoration suitability index, the river channel is divided into a high suitability zone (S≥7), a medium suitability zone (5≤S<7) and a low suitability zone (S<5). The total score of the ecological restoration suitability index of a certain area of ​​the above-mentioned river channel is 6.55, and the area is in the medium suitability zone.

[0052] Step d: Vegetation configuration design: The vegetation configuration design is as follows: Step e: Implementation and verification: Pilot project: select three areas (one each in high, medium and low suitability zones) for vegetation planting and monitor for six months.

[0053] Effect comparison: Highly suitable areas: Ammonia nitrogen decreased by 40% and bottom sediment stability increased by 50%.

[0054] Medium suitable area: ammonia nitrogen decreased by 50%, and bottom soil stability increased by 60%.

[0055] Low suitability area: flow rate slowed by 20% and erosion area reduced by 35%.

[0056] Model optimization: Adjust weights based on monitoring results (such as increasing the ammonia nitrogen weight to 0.3) and refine zoning standards.

[0057] Specific implementation 2: Step a: Research scoring: The situation in the study area is as follows: Location: Located in the urban river section, the river is about 5 kilometers long and has an average width of about 30 meters.

[0058] Climate: It has a subtropical monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of about 16°C and an annual precipitation of about 1,200 mm.

[0059] Land use: The land on both sides of the river is mainly agricultural land and some urban construction land.

[0060] Current problems: Riverbank vegetation degradation, water pollution, declining biodiversity, and monotonous river channel morphology.

[0061] Data collection for environmental factors includes the following: In order to comprehensively assess the ecological status of the river, a detailed investigation was conducted from three aspects: hydrodynamic factors, ecological factors and spatial factors.

[0062] Hydrodynamic factor Flow velocity: Measuring points were set up at different sections of the river, and the flow velocity was measured using a flow meter. The results showed that the flow velocity range was 0.2-0.8m / s.

[0063] Water depth: Measured by a depth sounder, the water depth range is 0.5-2.0 meters, with an average water depth of about 1.2 meters.

[0064] Ecological factors Water quality: Water samples were collected during the dry season and the wet season. The test indicators included dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN): DO: 5.5-7.0mg / L; COD: 20-35mg / L; TP: 0.05-0.15 mg / L; TN: 1.5-3.0 mg / L; Biodiversity: Through field surveys, 10 species of fish, 15 species of benthic animals, and 8 species of aquatic plants were recorded.

[0065] Spatial Factor Slope gradient: Through field measurement, the slope of the river bank is between 15° and 30°.

[0066] Based on the survey results, each environmental factor is scored and the scoring criteria are formulated as follows: Example calculation: Assume that the measurement values ​​at a certain measuring point are: flow rate 0.5m / s, water depth 1.2m, DO 6.5mg / L, COD 28mg / L, TP 0.08mg / L, TN 2.5mg / L, 8 species of fish, 12 species of benthic animals, and 6 species of aquatic plants.

[0067] According to the scoring criteria, the scores are as follows: Flow rate: 6 points, water depth: 8 points, DO: 8 points, COD: 6 points, TP: 8 points, TN: 5 points.

[0068] The biodiversity score is calculated as follows: Final biodiversity score = (5+5+5) / 3=5.

[0069] Step b, index calculation: The total score of the ecological restoration suitability index is: S = (6 × 0.2) + (8 × 0.2) + (8 × 0.15) + (6 × 0.15) + (8 × 0.1) + (5 × 0.1) + (5 × 0.1) = 1.2 + 1.6 + 1.2 + 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.5 + 0.5 = 6.7 Finally, the ecological restoration suitability index of this measuring point = 6.7.

[0070] Step c: Hierarchical matching: According to the ecological restoration suitability index range, the river area is divided into three functional areas: Step d: Vegetation configuration design: Different vegetation configurations are designed according to regional functional characteristics: Step e: Implementation and verification.

[0071] Monitoring indicators: including water quality changes (DO, COD, TP, TN), vegetation survival rate, and bottom sediment stability.

[0072] Optimization plan: Based on monitoring data, fine-tune vegetation density and species combination, appropriately adjust river zoning, and improve habitat suitability.

[0073] The above are only some specific implementation methods of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited to this. Any non-substantial changes to the present invention using this concept shall be deemed as an infringement of the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vegetation group ecological restoration design method based on multi-factor weighted scoring, characterized by: The steps include: Step a, research and scoring: research and score environmental factors; Step b, index calculation: The scores of each environmental factor are weighted and calculated using a comprehensive index formula to obtain the ecological restoration suitability index; Step c, hierarchical matching: dividing the river area according to the value of the ecological restoration suitability index; Step d, vegetation configuration design: design corresponding vegetation group ecological restoration plans for different areas; Step e: Implement the vegetation ecological restoration plan and verify the restoration effect.

2. The method for designing ecological restoration of vegetation groups based on multi-factor weighted scoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step a, the environmental factors include hydrodynamic factors, ecological factors and spatial factors. The hydrodynamic factors include flow velocity and water depth. The ecological factors include water quality parameters and bottom sediment type. The spatial factors include regional area and morphology.

3. The vegetation ecological restoration design method based on multi-factor weighted scoring according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step b, the comprehensive index formula is: , where S is the ecological restoration suitability index, S i is the score of the environmental factor of dimension i, W i is the weight of the environmental factor in the i-th dimension.

4. The method for designing ecological restoration of vegetation groups based on multi-factor weighted scoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step c, the river channel is divided into a high suitability zone, a medium suitability zone and a low suitability zone according to the ecological restoration suitability index.

5. The method for designing ecological restoration of vegetation groups based on multi-factor weighted scoring according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In the step d, the vegetation groups in the vegetation group ecological restoration plan are divided into emergent plants, floating leaf plants and submerged plants according to their functions. The vegetation group ecological restoration plan in the highly suitable area is: plant emergent plants in the shallow water area of ​​the slope protection. The vegetation group ecological restoration plan in the medium suitable area is: arrange emergent plants, floating leaf plants and submerged plants in sequence from the shore to the water on the slope protection. The vegetation group ecological restoration plan in the low suitable area adopts a no-planting plan or plants submerged plants in the deep water area of ​​the slope protection.

6. The method for designing ecological restoration of vegetation groups based on multi-factor weighted scoring according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ecological restoration plan for the vegetation group in the medium suitable area is carried out through ecological restoration by arranging semicircular vegetation group modules on the slope protection. The top view shape of the semicircular vegetation group module is semicircular, and the water level of the semicircular vegetation group module gradually deepens from the center to the edge. The semicircular vegetation group module includes a semicircular water-emerging belt, a semicircular floating leaf belt and a semicircular submerged belt from the inside to the outside.

7. The method for designing ecological restoration of vegetation groups based on multi-factor weighted scoring according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water-supporting belt includes a honeycomb slope protection layer, planting soil, an ecological blanket and coarse sand from top to bottom. The honeycomb slope protection layer is formed by splicing hexagonal honeycomb permeable slope protection bricks.

8. The method for designing ecological restoration of vegetation groups based on multi-factor weighted scoring according to claim 6, characterized in that: The floating leaf belt includes planting soil, ecological blanket and coarse sand from top to bottom. A floating growth frame floats on the water surface above the floating leaf belt. The floating growth frame floats on the water surface and is provided with planting holes. A slow-flow baffle is provided at the edge of the floating growth frame. The floating growth frame is connected to the anchor point of the ecological slope protection through a flexible rope.

9. The method for designing ecological restoration of vegetation groups based on multi-factor weighted scoring according to claim 6, characterized in that: The submerged belt includes an underwater three-dimensional habitat module and an anchoring frame from top to bottom. Wooden piles are arranged on the periphery of the submerged belt. The underwater three-dimensional habitat module includes a fish nest hole and porous bricks from top to bottom. A matrix cavity is provided inside the porous brick, and the matrix cavity is filled with a matrix. The fish nest hole is arc-shaped, with a closed structure on the side facing the water flow and a hole structure on the other side.

10. The method for designing ecological restoration of vegetation groups based on multi-factor weighted scoring according to claim 6, characterized in that: An interface adjustment zone is provided between the water-emerging belt and the floating leaf belt, and between the floating leaf belt and the submerged belt. The interface adjustment zone includes, from top to bottom, an underwater habitat net belt, a stabilization layer, a percolation layer and an anti-scour layer. The underwater habitat net belt is filled with activated carbon and gravel. The stabilization layer includes, from top to bottom, coconut coir, expanded clay, and an ecological blanket. The percolation layer is covered with crushed stone and expanded clay from top to bottom. The anti-scour layer includes, from top to bottom, gravel, broken bricks and bonding soil. Isolation geotextiles are provided at the boundaries of the water-emerging belt and the interface adjustment zone, the boundaries of the floating leaf belt and the interface adjustment zone, and the boundaries of the submerged belt and the interface adjustment zone.

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