Fuel cell cathode control system and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell cathode control system and method. The control system comprises an air compressor, a three-way valve and a vortex tube, wherein the air compressor, the three-way valve and the vortex tube form a cooling circulation loop; the control method comprises the steps that a temperature value is collected, and operation condition parameters are read; judging a system load state, screening a target temperature interval and an operation condition category, and adapting to a target opening range; and the target temperature difference and the cold end gas mixing proportion are calculated, and a target opening execution action instruction is generated. Air enters the air compressor and is compressed into high-temperature gas, the high-temperature gas is cooled by the intercooler, one part of the gas is humidified by the humidifier and enters the galvanic pile to participate in reaction, and the other part of the gas is used for ventilating and cooling an external bearing of the air compressor through the cooling circulation loop and then enters the vortex tube to be mixed with gas at an inlet of the air compressor from a cold end outlet; the air compressor inlet gas is cooled while the compression environment of the air compressor is cooled, the compression power consumption of the air compressor is effectively reduced, and the net output power of a galvanic pile is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel cell cathode control system and a control method. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant directly into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. This is primarily achieved through technologies such as proton exchange membranes (such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells, or PEMFCs), using catalysts to induce a reaction between the fuel and oxidant, generating electricity, water, and a small amount of heat. These devices offer high energy conversion efficiency, long driving range, and rapid refueling. In a fuel cell system, auxiliary systems (such as air compressors and circulating pumps) also consume a portion of the output power. Therefore, to ensure a high net output power for the fuel cell, the overall power consumption of these auxiliary systems must be reduced.

[0003] The current architecture of the fuel cell air supply system includes components such as air filters, air compressors, intercoolers, humidifiers, and tail valves. Among them, since the higher the temperature of the air at the air compressor inlet, the more difficult it is to compress, it is necessary to lower the temperature of the air compressor inlet to reduce the energy consumption of the air compressor, thereby ensuring high-power output of the fuel cell system. However, the temperature of the air compressor inlet is generally the same as the external environment. When the external temperature rises, the energy consumption of the air compressor will increase rapidly, thereby reducing the net output power of the fuel cell system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a fuel cell cathode control system and control method.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a fuel cell cathode control system, comprising:

[0007] The fuel cell stack is connected to the air supply subsystem through pipelines. The air supply subsystem includes an air compressor. The air compressor is connected to the intercooler and the vortex tube through pipelines. The intercooler is connected to the three-way valve through pipelines. The three-way valve is connected to the humidifier and the air compressor through pipelines.

[0008] The air compressor, the three-way valve and the vortex tube form a cooling circulation loop. The three-way valve controls the cold end gas flowing to the air compressor and the vortex tube by adjusting the opening to reduce the compression environment temperature and the inlet gas temperature of the air compressor.

[0009] In some embodiments, the air compressor inlet is connected to the flow meter outlet through a pipeline, the flow meter inlet is connected to the air filter outlet through a pipeline, the air compressor outlet is connected to the intercooler inlet through a pipeline, and the intercooler outlet is connected to the three-way valve through a pipeline.

[0010] In some embodiments, the three-way valve is connected to the humidifier inlet and the outer shell of the air compressor through a pipeline, the humidifier is connected to the fuel cell stack and the tail exhaust pipeline through a pipeline, and the air compressor shell is connected to the vortex tube through a pipeline.

[0011] In some embodiments, the vortex tube inlet is connected to the air compressor housing through a pipeline, the vortex tube cold end outlet is connected to the air compressor inlet through a pipeline, and the vortex tube hot end outlet is connected to the tail exhaust through a pipeline.

[0012] In some embodiments, a first temperature sensor is provided at the inlet of the air compressor, a second temperature sensor is provided at the cold end outlet of the vortex tube, and a third temperature sensor is provided at the outer shell of the air compressor.

[0013] In some embodiments, a monitoring control module is further included, and the monitoring control module is electrically connected to the fuel cell stack, the air compressor and the three-way valve.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a fuel cell cathode control method, which is executed via the fuel cell cathode control system described in the first aspect, and the control method includes:

[0015] S100: Collect the gas temperature and ambient temperature detected by the air inlet sensor, and read the operating parameters of the air compressor, fuel cell stack, and three-way valve;

[0016] S200: Determine the system load status based on the air compressor and fuel cell stack operating parameters and preset value ranges, select the target temperature range and operating condition category, and adapt the target opening range;

[0017] S300: Calculate the target temperature difference and the cold-end gas mixing ratio, and generate a target opening execution action instruction.

[0018] In some embodiments, the S100 includes:

[0019] S110, collecting the air compressor inlet temperature, the vortex tube cold end outlet temperature, and the air compressor external bearing temperature;

[0020] S120, read the air compressor speed, stack output power and three-way valve opening parameters.

[0021] In some embodiments, the S200 includes:

[0022] S210, reading the target temperature range and the three-way valve adjustment trigger condition judgment logic rule, and judging the system load state based on the air compressor and fuel cell stack operating condition parameters;

[0023] S220: Filter the target temperature range and operating condition category to adapt to the corresponding ambient temperature adjustment scenario and target opening gradient range value.

[0024] In some embodiments, the S300 includes:

[0025] S310, calculating the temperature difference between the gas temperature detected by the air inlet sensor and the target temperature, and determining a cold-end gas mixing ratio adjustment strategy;

[0026] S320, calculating the target opening through a control algorithm, and generating a target opening execution action instruction.

[0027] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] In the present invention, air enters the air compressor and is compressed into high-temperature gas, which is then cooled by the intercooler. Part of the gas is humidified by the humidifier and enters the fuel cell stack to participate in the reaction. The other part of the gas is ventilated and cooled by the cooling circulation loop on the external bearings of the air compressor, and then enters the vortex tube and mixes with the air compressor inlet gas from the cold end outlet, thereby cooling the compression environment of the air compressor and the air compressor inlet gas at the same time, effectively reducing the compression power consumption of the air compressor and improving the net output power of the fuel cell stack.

[0029] The characteristics of the vortex tube are used to reduce the air compressor inlet temperature, thereby reducing the power consumption of the air compressor and ensuring the high output power of the fuel cell system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell control device proposed in this invention Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell control device proposed in this invention Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell control method proposed in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell control method proposed in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell control method proposed in the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0035] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell control method proposed in the present invention Figure 4 .

[0036] Legend:

[0037] 1. Fuel cell stack; 2. Air supply subsystem; 21. Air compressor; 22. Intercooler; 23. Vortex tube; 24. Three-way valve; 25. Humidifier; 26. Flow meter; 27. Air filter; 28. Exhaust pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell cathode control system and control method, which solves the problem in the prior art that the temperature at the inlet of the air compressor is generally the same as the external environment, and when the external temperature rises, the energy consumption of the air compressor will increase rapidly, thereby reducing the net output power of the fuel cell system. In the present application, the air enters the air compressor and is compressed into high-temperature gas, which is then cooled by the intercooler. A part of the gas is humidified by the humidifier and enters the fuel cell stack to participate in the reaction. The other part is ventilated and cooled by the cooling cycle circuit to cool the external bearings of the air compressor, and then enters the vortex tube and mixes with the air compressor inlet gas from the cold end outlet, thereby cooling the air compressor compression environment while cooling the air compressor inlet gas, effectively reducing the compression power consumption of the air compressor and improving the net output power of the fuel cell stack.

[0040] Please refer to the following examples for details:

[0041] Reference Figure 1-Figure 2 The present invention provides an embodiment of a fuel cell cathode control system, the specific structure of which includes: a fuel cell stack 1 and an air supply subsystem 2, and the fuel cell stack 1 and the air supply subsystem 2 are connected through a pipeline.

[0042] Among them, the fuel cell stack 1 is the place where hydrogen and oxygen undergo electrochemical reactions to generate electricity; the air supply subsystem 2 is used to filter, pressurize and process the external air, and is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 through pipelines to provide the fuel cell stack 1 with sufficient oxygen that meets the pressure and flow requirements.

[0043] Furthermore, the air supply subsystem 2 includes:

[0044] (1) Humidifier: used to humidify dry compressed air so that the air entering the fuel cell stack 1 reaches an appropriate humidity level, prevent the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell stack 1 from drying out, maintain the proton conduction efficiency, and ensure the smooth progress of the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell;

[0045] (2) Intercooler 22: Cools the high-temperature air at the outlet of the air compressor 21 to prevent high temperature from damaging the humidifier or the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell stack 1, provides air with appropriate temperature for the subsequent humidifier and fuel cell stack 1, and maintains a stable reaction temperature environment for the entire system;

[0046] (3) Air compressor 21: used to compress air to the high pressure required by the fuel cell stack 1, increasing the oxygen content per unit volume, providing more sufficient oxygen for the redox reaction inside the fuel cell stack 1, promoting the rapid progress of the reaction, enhancing the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell stack 1, and overcoming the resistance of subsequent pipelines;

[0047] (4) Flow meter 26: used to monitor the air flow and temperature entering the air compressor 21 in real time, provide feedback for air flow control, and ensure the amount of air required for the chemical reaction of the fuel cell stack 1;

[0048] (5) Air filter 27: used to filter out impurities such as particulate matter and dust in the air, ensuring that the air entering the system meets the cleanliness requirements, providing clean air for the air compressor 21 and the fuel cell stack 1, extending the service life of the entire fuel cell system, and ensuring the reliable operation of the system.

[0049] Specifically, in the air supply subsystem 2, the various components are connected in an orderly manner through pipelines to form a complete gas transmission path: the inlet of the air compressor 21 is connected to the outlet of the flow meter 26 through a pipeline, and the inlet of the flow meter 26 is connected to the outlet of the air filter 27 through a pipeline, ensuring that the air entering the system is first purified by the air filter 27 to remove dust, impurities and other particulate matter that may affect the performance of the system, thereby ensuring the cleanliness and stability of the entire air supply process.

[0050] Furthermore, the air supply subsystem 2 includes an air compressor 21, which is connected to an intercooler 22 and a vortex tube 23 through pipelines, respectively, to ensure that the high-temperature and high-pressure air compressed by the air compressor 21 can be smoothly transmitted to the intercooler 22 for cooling treatment, and at the same time, the return air distributed by the three-way valve 24 can be delivered to the vortex tube 23; the intercooler 22 is connected to the three-way valve 24 through a pipeline, and the intercooler 22 cools the high-temperature air sent from the air compressor 21 to a suitable temperature, and then delivers it to the three-way valve 24 through a pipeline, providing a stable air distribution and treatment for the subsequent air distribution and treatment. Temperature conditions; the three-way valve 24 is connected to the humidifier 25 and the air compressor 21 through pipelines, so that the air cooled by the intercooler 22 can be flexibly distributed according to the actual needs of the system. Part of the air enters the humidifier 25 through the pipeline and is humidified in the humidifier 25 to meet the requirements of the fuel cell stack 1 for the humidity of the reaction gas. The other part of the air flows back to the air compressor 21 through the pipeline to cool the bearings outside the air compressor 21 and then flows into the vortex tube 23, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the air compressor 21 and improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0051] Furthermore, the outlet of the air compressor 21 is connected to the inlet of the intercooler 22 through a pipeline, and the compressed high-temperature air enters the intercooler 22 through this pipeline for cooling; the outlet of the intercooler 22 is connected to the three-way valve 24 through a pipeline, and the cooled air enters the three-way valve 24 for diversion; correspondingly, the three-way valve 24 is connected to the inlet of the humidifier 25 and the external shell of the air compressor 21 through a pipeline, and part of the cooled air is used to ventilate and dissipate heat to the outside of the air compressor 21, ensuring that the air compressor 21 operates in a stable temperature environment; the humidifier 25 is connected to the fuel cell 1 and the tail exhaust pipe 28 through a pipeline, and the humidified air enters the fuel cell 1 to participate in the chemical reaction, and the tail gas after the reaction The air is discharged from the system through the tail exhaust pipe 28; the shell of the air compressor 21 is connected to the vortex tube 23 through a pipeline, so that part of the air flowing out of the air compressor 21 can enter the vortex tube 23; in addition, the inlet of the vortex tube 23 is connected to the shell of the air compressor 21 through a pipeline, providing the vortex tube 23 with the compressed air required for work; the cold end outlet of the vortex tube 23 is connected to the inlet of the air compressor 21 through a pipeline, and the cold air generated at the cold end can be mixed with the air at the inlet of the air compressor 21, further reducing the temperature of the inlet air; the hot end outlet of the vortex tube 23 is connected to the tail exhaust through a pipeline, and the hot air generated at the hot end is directly discharged from the system through the tail exhaust, ensuring the heat balance and stable operation of the entire system.

[0052] It should be explained in detail that a first temperature sensor is provided at the inlet of the air compressor 21, a second temperature sensor is provided at the cold end outlet of the vortex tube 23, and a third temperature sensor is provided at the outer shell of the air compressor 21. The monitoring and control module is electrically connected to the fuel cell stack 1, the air compressor 21, and the three-way valve 24. The monitoring and control module can collect data from various sensors in real time, including the working status parameters of the fuel cell stack 1, the operating parameters of the air compressor 21, and the temperature data fed back by each temperature sensor, etc., analyze and judge them, and then send corresponding control instructions to the fuel cell stack 1, the air compressor 21, and the three-way valve 24 according to the preset control strategy, thereby realizing intelligent regulation of the entire system.

[0053] It can be understood that the air compressor 21, the three-way valve 24 and the vortex tube 23 form a cooling circulation loop, and the three-way valve 24 controls the cold end gas flowing to the air compressor 21 and the vortex tube 23 by adjusting the opening to reduce the compression environment temperature and the inlet gas temperature of the air compressor 21.

[0054] For example, air enters the air compressor 21 and is compressed into high-temperature gas before entering the intercooler 22. The intercooler 22 uses its own heat dissipation mechanism to cool the high-temperature gas. After the gas is cooled by the intercooler 22, part of it will be humidified by the humidifier 25 and then enter the fuel cell stack 1 to participate in the chemical reaction, while the other part of the gas will enter the cooling cycle loop. First, the external bearings of the air compressor 21 will be ventilated and cooled to take away the heat generated by the air compressor 21 during operation, thereby reducing the ambient temperature of the air compressor 21. The gas will then enter the vortex tube 23 and flow out of the cold end outlet to mix with the gas at the inlet of the air compressor 21, thereby reducing the temperature of the gas at the inlet of the air compressor 21. The cooling cycle loop can effectively reduce the compression power consumption of the air compressor 21, thereby increasing the net output power of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0055] Reference Figure 3-Figure 6 The present invention further provides an embodiment of a fuel cell cathode control method, which is executed by the fuel cell cathode control system in the above embodiment. The control method includes:

[0056] S100, collecting the gas temperature value and the ambient temperature value detected by the air inlet sensor, and reading the operating parameters of the air compressor 21, the fuel cell stack 1 and the three-way valve 24;

[0057] S200: Determine the system load state based on the operating parameters of the air compressor 21 and the fuel cell stack 1 and the preset value range, select the target temperature range and operating condition category, and adapt the target opening range;

[0058] S300: Calculate the target temperature difference and the cold-end gas mixing ratio, and generate a target opening execution action instruction.

[0059] For example, the gas temperature value and the ambient temperature value are first collected in real time by the air inlet sensor, and the operating condition parameters such as the operating frequency and working pressure of the air compressor 21, the output power and working voltage of the fuel cell stack 1, and the current opening of the three-way valve 24 are read synchronously; then the obtained operating condition parameters of the air compressor 21 and the fuel cell stack 1 are compared and analyzed with the pre-set numerical range to judge the current load state of the fuel cell system (such as high load, medium load or low load), and based on the judgment result of the load state, the target temperature range that meets the current working condition is further screened out, the current operating condition category (such as high temperature and high load, low temperature and low load, etc.) is clarified, and the target opening range that matches the three-way valve 24 is adapted; then the target temperature difference and the gas mixing ratio are accurately calculated, and then an action instruction is generated for the target opening of the three-way valve 24, so that the cold end gas is mixed with the inlet gas of the air compressor 21 according to the set ratio, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the inlet temperature of the air compressor 21 and optimizing the system performance, and ensuring that the fuel cell system is always in an efficient and stable operating state.

[0060] Please continue reading Figure 4 In this embodiment, S100 includes:

[0061] S110, collecting the inlet temperature of the air compressor 21, the cold end outlet temperature of the vortex tube 23, and the external bearing temperature of the air compressor 21;

[0062] S120, reading the speed of the air compressor 21, the output power of the fuel cell stack 1 and the opening parameters of the three-way valve 24.

[0063] For example, the first temperature sensor is used to monitor and obtain the inlet temperature of the air compressor 21 in real time, the second temperature sensor is used to monitor and obtain the cold end outlet temperature of the vortex tube 23 in real time, and the third temperature sensor is used to monitor and obtain the external bearing temperature of the air compressor 21 in real time; then the speed data of the air compressor 21, the output power of the fuel cell stack 1, and the opening parameters of the three-way valve 24 are obtained.

[0064] (1) The first temperature sensor (the inlet temperature T1 of the air compressor 21): In the entire system, the inlet air temperature of the air compressor 21 has a huge impact on its compression process and energy consumption. The higher the temperature, the more difficult it is to compress the air, and the higher the energy consumption of the air compressor 21. The current working condition of the air compressor 21 is judged based on the inlet temperature T1 data of the air compressor 21. If the temperature is too high, the corresponding control mechanism will be triggered, such as increasing the mixing amount of the cold end gas of the vortex tube 23 and the inlet air, thereby reducing the inlet temperature, reducing the energy consumption of the air compressor 21 during compression, and improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0065] (2) First temperature sensor (temperature T2 at the cold end outlet of the vortex tube 23): The temperature of the gas at the cold end outlet of the vortex tube 23 determines the cooling capacity; the actual cooling range that the cold end gas can provide is calculated based on the temperature T2 data at the cold end outlet of the vortex tube 23, so as to accurately control the amount of cold end gas mixed into the inlet of the air compressor 21.

[0066] (3) The third temperature sensor (ambient temperature Tenv of air compressor 21): Changes in the external ambient temperature will directly affect the inlet air temperature of air compressor 21 and the overall operation of the system; the external temperature information is detected based on the ambient temperature Tenv data of air compressor 21. In a high temperature environment, the initial temperature of the inlet air of air compressor 21 is high, and the energy consumption increases during compression. At this time, the cold end gas supply of vortex tube 23 is strengthened to enhance the cooling effect and ensure the normal operation of air compressor 21 and the stable operation of the system; in a low temperature environment, the cold end gas supply can be reduced accordingly to prevent system problems caused by excessive cooling.

[0067] Please continue reading Figure 5 In this embodiment, S200 includes:

[0068] S210, reading the target temperature range and the logic rule for determining the triggering condition of the three-way valve 24, and determining the system load state based on the operating parameters of the air compressor 21 and the fuel cell stack 1;

[0069] S220: Filter the target temperature range and operating condition category to adapt to the corresponding ambient temperature adjustment scenario and target opening gradient range value.

[0070] For example, first read the target temperature range and the three-way valve 24 adjustment trigger condition judgment logic rules from the preset program and database; then, based on the operating parameters of the air compressor 21 and the fuel cell stack 1 obtained from various sensors, conduct in-depth analysis (including the operating parameters of the air compressor 21, such as speed, pressure, etc.; and the operating parameters of the fuel cell stack 1, such as output power, voltage, etc.), and compare them with the pre-set standard values ​​to judge the current load state of the fuel cell system and determine whether the system is in a high-load, medium-load or low-load operating mode; then select the target temperature range and operating condition category that matches it from the pre-set multiple schemes, further adapt to the corresponding ambient temperature adjustment scenario, and adapt the target opening gradient range value. What needs to be explained in detail is:

[0071] (1) Basic temperature threshold control:

[0072] Threshold setting and trigger conditions: To ensure stable system operation, a target temperature range Ttarget = [Tlow, Thigh] is set. Taking 20°C ≤ Ttarget ≤ 25°C as an example, when there is no cold-end gas, T1 defaults to the ambient temperature Tenv. When T1 exceeds this range, that is, T1 > Thigh or T1 < Tlow, the three-way valve 24 adjustment mechanism is activated to maintain a stable inlet temperature of the air compressor 21.

[0073] Adjustment rule: When T1>Thigh, the inlet temperature of the air compressor 21 is high at this time, and it is determined that the temperature needs to be lowered. At this time, the opening degree of the three-way valve 24 toward the cold-end gas side increases, and more cold-end low-temperature gas is mixed in, thereby reducing the inlet temperature; wherein, the opening increment Δα is proportional to the temperature deviation ΔT, and the calculation formula is Δα=kp(T1_Thigh). kp is used as a proportional coefficient, which can accurately control the amount of cold-end gas mixed in according to the size of the temperature deviation to achieve rapid cooling; when T1<Tlow, the inlet temperature of the air compressor 21 is low at this time, and it is determined that the temperature needs to be increased. At this time, the opening degree of the three-way valve 24 toward the cold-end gas side decreases, and less cold-end low-temperature gas is mixed in, thereby increasing the inlet temperature.

[0074] (2) Dynamic compensation based on system operating conditions:

[0075] High-load operating condition control: Under high-load conditions, the power P of the fuel cell stack 1 increases, exceeding Pe (for example, 80% of the rated power). At this time, the speed N of the air compressor 21 increases, the air flow AF increases, the compression power consumption increases, and the inlet temperature is more significantly affected by the ambient temperature. To avoid a sharp rise in the inlet temperature, the system forcibly increases the opening α of the three-way valve 24 to αmin (for example, 30%) to ensure sufficient cold-end gas supply, maintain a stable inlet temperature, and ensure efficient system operation.

[0076] Low-load operating condition control: Under low-load conditions, the power P of the fuel cell stack 1 is reduced. At this time, the speed N and air flow AF of the air compressor 21 are reduced, the compression power consumption is reduced, and the inlet temperature is not significantly affected by the ambient temperature; adjustment is prioritized based on the real-time feedback of T1, allowing the opening of the three-way valve 24 to be dynamically adjusted within a smaller range (such as 10%-20%) to avoid waste of cold-end gas and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0077] (3) Adaptive adjustment of ambient temperature

[0078] High-temperature scenario adjustment: When the ambient temperature Tenv ≥ 25°C, to offset the impact of high temperature on the inlet of the air compressor 21, the system increases the reference opening value of the three-way valve 24 in advance, such as increasing the initial opening α0 from 20% to 30%. This uses pre-cooling of the cold-end gas to ensure that the inlet temperature of the air compressor 21 is within the appropriate range, reducing the impact of high temperature on system performance.

[0079] Low-temperature scenario adjustment: When the ambient temperature Tenv is less than 10°C, to prevent excessive cooling of the cold-end gas, which may cause the inlet temperature of the air compressor 21 to be too low, resulting in condensation or reduced efficiency, the system limits the maximum opening of the three-way valve 24, such as αmax ≤ 40%, to ensure that the system can operate normally and stably in a low-temperature environment.

[0080] Please continue reading Figure 6 In this embodiment, S300 includes:

[0081] S310, calculating the temperature difference between the gas temperature detected by the air inlet sensor and the target temperature, and determining a cold-end gas mixing ratio adjustment strategy;

[0082] S320, calculating the target opening through a control algorithm, and generating a target opening execution action instruction.

[0083] Exemplarily, the gas temperature value detected by the air inlet sensor is continuously obtained, and the target temperature value matching the current system operating condition is called from the preset parameter library; the temperature difference between the two temperature values ​​is then calculated, and the cold-end gas mixing ratio adjustment strategy is analyzed and determined based on this temperature difference; the target opening to which the three-way valve 24 needs to be adjusted is then calculated in combination with the cold-end gas mixing ratio adjustment strategy, the actual opening of the current three-way valve 24, and other relevant system operating parameters (such as the working status of the air compressor 21, the real-time power demand of the fuel cell stack 1, etc.), and a target opening execution action instruction is generated.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell cathode control system, comprising a fuel cell stack, characterized in that: The fuel cell stack is connected to the air supply subsystem through pipelines. The air supply subsystem includes an air compressor. The air compressor is connected to the intercooler and the vortex tube through pipelines. The intercooler is connected to the three-way valve through pipelines. The three-way valve is connected to the humidifier and the air compressor through pipelines. The air compressor, the three-way valve and the vortex tube form a cooling circulation loop. The three-way valve controls the cold end gas flowing to the air compressor and the vortex tube by adjusting the opening to reduce the compression environment temperature and the inlet gas temperature of the air compressor.

2. The fuel cell cathode control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air compressor inlet is connected to the flow meter outlet through a pipeline, the flow meter inlet is connected to the air filter outlet through a pipeline, the air compressor outlet is connected to the intercooler inlet through a pipeline, and the intercooler outlet is connected to the three-way valve through a pipeline.

3. The fuel cell cathode control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The three-way valve is connected to the humidifier inlet and the outer shell of the air compressor through a pipeline, the humidifier is connected to the fuel cell stack and the tail exhaust pipeline through a pipeline, and the air compressor shell is connected to the vortex tube through a pipeline.

4. The fuel cell cathode control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vortex tube inlet is connected to the air compressor housing through a pipeline, the vortex tube cold end outlet is connected to the air compressor inlet through a pipeline, and the vortex tube hot end outlet is connected to the tail exhaust through a pipeline.

5. The fuel cell cathode control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air compressor inlet is provided with a first temperature sensor, the vortex tube cold end outlet is provided with a second temperature sensor, and the air compressor outer shell is provided with a third temperature sensor.

6. The fuel cell cathode control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a monitoring and control module, which is electrically connected to the fuel cell stack, the air compressor and the three-way valve.

7. A fuel cell cathode control method, characterized in that: The control method is executed via a fuel cell cathode control system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the control method includes: S100: Collect the gas temperature and ambient temperature detected by the air inlet sensor, and read the operating parameters of the air compressor, fuel cell stack, and three-way valve; S200: Determine the system load status based on the air compressor and fuel cell stack operating parameters and preset value ranges, select the target temperature range and operating condition category, and adapt the target opening range; S300: Calculate the target temperature difference and the cold-end gas mixing ratio, and generate a target opening execution action instruction.

8. The fuel cell cathode control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The S100 includes: S110, collecting the air compressor inlet temperature, the vortex tube cold end outlet temperature, and the air compressor external bearing temperature; S120, read the air compressor speed, stack output power and three-way valve opening parameters.

9. The fuel cell cathode control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The S200 includes: S210, reading the target temperature range and the three-way valve adjustment trigger condition judgment logic rule, and judging the system load state based on the air compressor and fuel cell stack operating condition parameters; S220: Filter the target temperature range and operating condition category to adapt to the corresponding ambient temperature adjustment scenario and target opening gradient range value.

10. The fuel cell cathode control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The S300 includes: S310, calculating the temperature difference between the gas temperature detected by the air inlet sensor and the target temperature, and determining a cold-end gas mixing ratio adjustment strategy; S320, calculating the target opening through a control algorithm, and generating a target opening execution action instruction.

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