Catalyst filling method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a catalyst filling method and a catalyst filling device. The catalyst filling method comprises the following steps: A, arranging a feed opening above a catalyst charge level of a reactor to move to any position; b, setting the time from the beginning of spreading the catalyst to the material surface of the catalyst to the completion of a layer of catalyst at the discharge port as an operation cycle, so that the discharge port is started from the initial position of the reactor close to the reactor wall in each operation cycle, a conventional state and a material supplementing state of running clockwise and anticlockwise along the circumference of the reactor are sequentially and alternately carried out, and the spread layer of catalyst has the same amount in the same area by adjusting the opening degree of a valve at a feed opening; and C, after each layer of catalyst is paved and scattered, resetting the feed opening to the initial position, repeating the step B, and paving and scattering the next layer of catalyst until the filling height required by the catalyst is met. According to the feeding device, the discharging opening can be in a moving state in the filling process, and it is guaranteed that the same area covers the same amount of catalyst particles in the discharging process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of petrochemical equipment, and in particular to a catalyst loading method and device. Background Art

[0002] In the petrochemical production process, a dense phase loader is a material distributor commonly used for catalyst loading. It disperses and accumulates the catalyst through rotation, and combines the catalyst with the impact of gravity on the catalyst material surface to increase the catalyst loading density.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent CN210854120U discloses a spiral cone dense phase filler for particulate matter, which mainly solves the problem that the filling of adsorbent and catalyst particulate matter is limited by filling conditions and it is difficult to achieve an ideal filling density. The filler includes a spiral cone hopper, a spiral cone guide plate arranged on the inner wall of the spiral cone hopper, a lifting leg arranged on the circumferential edge of the spiral cone hopper, a feed guide rail fixedly connected to the spiral cone hopper, and a feed device arranged on the feed guide rail. Through the above design, the scheme uses the feed device to control the feeding path of the filling material on the circumference of the feed guide rail, so that the filling material is guided by the spiral cone guide plate in the spiral cone hopper. During the free fall of the particulate matter, an inertial parabola line is generated and falls, so that the particulate matter is evenly scattered in the filling container in the form of a parabola during the falling process, thereby achieving a better filling density.

[0004] Similar solutions of the above-mentioned prior art basically adopt the method of "fixed-point throwing" to load the catalyst. Although such solutions are provided with structures such as guide plates for guiding materials or rotatable throwing discs, such technical solutions still use the technical concept of "fixed-point throwing", and therefore have the following problems: 1) The throwing effect of the existing loader throwing disc on catalysts with a wide particle size distribution is not ideal; 2) For reactors with larger diameters, when the catalyst material surface gradually rises and approaches a certain distance from the throwing disc, the existing loader is limited by the principle of fixed-point throwing of catalysts, and the far end cannot be covered by the throwing disc, making the loader unable to continue to be used and can only be loaded manually. The problems brought about by the above two prior arts will cause the catalyst packing density at the top of the reactor to fluctuate greatly compared with other parts.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a catalyst loading method and device that adopts a new technical concept, which can not only solve the problem that catalysts with a wide particle size distribution cannot be loaded evenly, but also solve the problem that the catalyst material surface cannot be evenly distributed when it approaches the loader.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a catalyst loading method and device, which abandons the "fixed-point throwing" loading method in the prior art. Through the motion path planning of the catalyst discharge port, the discharge port is in a moving state during the loading process, and ensures that the same area is covered with the same amount of catalyst particles during the discharge process.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a catalyst loading method, comprising the following steps: A. setting the feed port to be movable to any position above the catalyst material surface of the reactor; B. setting the time from the start of spreading the catalyst from the feed port to the catalyst material surface to the completion of spreading one layer of catalyst as an operating cycle, so that in each operating cycle, the feed port starts from the initial position close to the reactor wall, and alternately experiences the normal state and the feeding state of running clockwise and counterclockwise along the circumference of the reactor, and adjusts the opening of the feed port valve so that the spread layer of catalyst has the same amount in the same area; C. after spreading each layer of catalyst, the feed port is reset to the initial position, and step B is repeated to spread the next layer of catalyst until the required loading height of the catalyst is met.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, assuming that the number of operation cycles to be completed is S, the estimation equation of S is: S = H / (u / (π×b 2 -π×(ba) 2 ));

[0010] Wherein, S>0, H is the required filling height of the catalyst, a is the discharge port diameter, b is the reactor radius, and u is the volume of catalyst flowing out during one rotation when the discharge port is at its maximum opening, as measured on-site; let the number of completed operating cycles be F. If F≤S, continue loading; otherwise, stop loading.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the normal state may include a unloading stage and a transfer stage. The unloading stage is the unloading process during the clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the unloading port along the circumference in the reactor, and the transfer stage is the movement process after completing one round of unloading and before proceeding to the next round of unloading.

[0012] Further, in the above technical solution, within one operating cycle, let the total number of times in the normal state be A, and A = [b / a]; let the number of times the feeding port has completed the feeding stage in the normal state within one operating cycle be B; let the judgment parameter for the operating stage of the feeding port be D. If D = 0, it is the feeding stage; if D = 1, it is the transfer stage; let the judgment parameter for the operating state of the feeding port be E, and E is the remainder of the ratio of the reactor radius b to the diameter a of the feeding port, that is, E = b - a×A. The state of the feeding port, whether it is in the normal state, the feeding state or the reset stage, is judged by the values of E, B and / or D.

[0013] Further, in the above technical solution, when E≥0 and B < A, it enters the normal state; the feeding state includes feeding state A and feeding state B, and both the feeding state A and the feeding state B are also divided into the feeding stage and the transfer stage. When E > a / 2 and B = A, it enters the feeding state A; when 0 < E ≤ a / 2 and B = A, it enters the feeding state B; the reset stage includes reset stage A, reset stage B and reset stage C. When E = -2, it enters the reset stage A; when E = -1, it enters the reset stage B; when E = 0 and B = A, it enters the reset stage C.

[0014] Further, in the above technical solution, when the feeding port is in the feeding stage of the normal state or the feeding state A, the trajectory equation of the movement of the feeding port is d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B).

[0015] Further, in the above technical solution, in the feeding stage of the normal state or the feeding state A, the feeding port does not rotate; in the feeding stage of the feeding state B, the feeding port rotates. When B is an even number, the feeding port rotates clockwise; when B is an odd number, the feeding port rotates counterclockwise.

[0016] Further, in the above technical solution, let the opening degree of the valve of the feeding port in different stages of different states be C; when in the feeding stage of the normal state, the opening degree C of the valve of the feeding port = (π×(b - a×B) 2 -π×(b - a×(B + 1)) 2 ) / (π×b 2 -π×(b - a) 2 ); when in the feeding stage of the feeding state A or the feeding state B, the opening degree C of the valve of the feeding port = (π×(b - B×a) 2 ) / (π×b 2 -π×(b - a) 2 ); when in the transfer stage of the normal state or the feeding state, the opening degree C of the valve of the feeding port = 0.

[0017] According to the second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a catalyst loading device, applying any of the aforementioned methods, including: a catalyst bag, which is sleeved on the bottom of the catalyst hopper and fixed with a bag clamp; an annular track, which is horizontally arranged at the corresponding position of the catalyst bag, and a rotating part is provided on the annular track, and the rotating part is fixedly connected to an axial track extending axially along the reactor, and an axial moving part is provided on the axial track, and the axial moving part is fixedly connected to a radial track, and a radial moving part is provided on the radial track, and the radial moving part is fixedly connected to the discharge port of the catalyst bag and can drive the discharge port to move to any position in the reactor.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the rotating part can be set to perform circular motion on the annular track at a fixed angular velocity and linear velocity.

[0019] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the axial motion portion can be set to perform linear motion on the axial track at a certain linear speed.

[0020] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the radial motion portion can be set to perform linear motion on the radial track at a certain linear velocity.

[0021] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the discharge port may be provided with an opening regulating valve for enabling the discharge port to have different openings in different discharge stages, transfer stages and reset stages.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1) The device of the present invention can move the catalyst discharge port to any position above the catalyst material surface within the reactor through the cooperation of the rotating portion, the axial moving portion, and the radial moving portion on the annular track. It can realize axial rotation of different radii within the reactor (i.e., the running trajectory of the discharge phase), radial translation (the running trajectory of the transfer phase and the reset phase), and the rotation of the discharge port at the center of the reactor cross section, etc., which can provide sufficient hardware structural support for the running trajectory control strategy involved in the catalyst loading method of the present invention;

[0024] 2) The method of the present invention abandons the "fixed-point throwing" loading method in the prior art. By planning the motion path of the catalyst discharge port, the discharge port is kept in a mobile state during the loading process, and it can be ensured that the same area is covered with the same amount of catalyst particles during the discharge process. Therefore, the problem that the throwing effect of the throwing disc of the loader in the prior art is not ideal for catalysts with a wide particle size distribution is solved. At the same time, it also effectively solves the problem of difficulty in working when the catalyst is close to the loader. That is, for reactors with larger diameters, when the catalyst material surface gradually rises and approaches a certain distance from the throwing disc, the existing loader is limited by its principle of throwing catalyst from a fixed point. The far end cannot be covered by the throwing disc, making the loader unusable and requiring manual loading.

[0025] 3) The method of the present invention takes into account the simplicity of the device installation structure and adopts a method of installing a catalyst bag on the bottom of the hopper. Therefore, in order to avoid the "twisting" phenomenon caused by frequent rotation in the same direction, an alternating clockwise and counterclockwise rotation method (also known as "revolution") is adopted in the "normal state" or "feeding state A". Before the discharge port is reset, the discharge port can be selectively "rotated" according to the number of rotations to restore it to its original state. Through this control strategy, the existing installation structure can be effectively utilized while ensuring the normal operation of the filling device.

[0026] 4) The method of the present invention can determine the motion trajectory, rotation direction and opening of the feed port according to the values ​​of A, B, D, E and the relationship between them. The feed port will move (including alternating clockwise and counterclockwise "revolution" and radial translation), rotate and adjust the opening of the feed port according to the determined relevant conditions. The control strategy is more feasible and can effectively ensure the uniformity of the material spreading, and can effectively ensure that each layer of catalyst has the same amount in the same area.

[0027] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other purposes, technical features and advantages of the present invention easier to understand, one or more preferred embodiments are listed below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the catalyst loading device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of the feed port when E>a / 2 and A is an odd number in the catalyst loading method of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of the feed port when E>a / 2 and A is an even number in the catalyst loading method of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of the feed port when E=a / 2 and A is an odd number in the catalyst loading method of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of the feed port when E=a / 2 and A is an even number in the catalyst loading method of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 The catalyst loading method of the present invention is

[0034] Figure 7 The catalyst loading method of the present invention is

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of the feed port when E=0 and A is an odd number in the catalyst loading method of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of the feed port when E=0 and A is an even number in the catalyst loading method of the present invention.

[0037] Description of main reference numerals:

[0038] Figure 1 illustrate:

[0039] 1-catalyst bag, 11-bag fixture, 12-discharge port opening regulating valve, 2-annular track, 21-annular track fixture, 22-rotating part, 23-axial track, 24-axial moving part, 25-radial track, 26-radial moving part, 100-catalyst hopper.

[0040] Figures 2 to 9 illustrate:

[0041] 1) Each large circle in the figure represents the outer edge of the catalyst surface in the reactor; 2) The dotted circles inside the large circles represent the movement trajectories of the center of the cross-section of the feed port, and the arrows on the dotted circles are in clockwise or counterclockwise directions, respectively. The annular area between the two solid circles adjacent to the dotted circle is the material spreading coverage area when the feed port moves along the dotted circle; 3) The innermost grid area in the figure is the feeding area; 4) The bold lines in the figure are the current movement trajectories of the feed port (the bold dotted circle is the movement trajectory of the feed port in the feeding stage, the bold downward solid arrow is the movement trajectory in the transfer stage, and the bold upward arrow is the movement trajectory in the reset stage). DETAILED DESCRIPTION ​​

[0042] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0043] Unless expressly stated otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term “comprise” or variations such as “include” or “comprising” will be understood to include the stated elements or components but not to exclude other elements or components.

[0044] In this document, for ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "below," "beneath," "down," "above," "above," etc. may be used to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of an object in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the object in the figure is turned over, the element described as being "below" or "below" other elements or features will be oriented "above" the element or feature. Therefore, the exemplary term "below" can include both below and above directions. Objects may also have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatially relative terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0045] In this document, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish two different elements or parts, and are not used to limit specific positions or relative relationships. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first", "second", etc. can also be interchangeable with each other.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a catalyst loading device, which at least includes a catalyst bag 1 and an annular track 2. The catalyst bag 1 is sleeved on the bottom of the catalyst hopper 100 and fixed with a bag clamp 11. The annular track 2 is horizontally arranged at the corresponding position of the catalyst bag 1, and the annular track 2 can be fixed to the lower edge of the reactor channel plate by the annular track clamp 21, so that the center of the annular track 2 coincides with the center of the reactor cross section, and the plane where the annular track is located is parallel to the plane where the reactor channel plate is located. A rotating part 22 is provided on the annular track 2, and the rotating part 22 can be set to perform circular motion on the annular track at a fixed angular velocity and linear velocity. The rotating part 22 is fixedly connected to an axial track 23 extending along the axial direction of the reactor, and an axial motion part 24 is provided on the axial track 23 (the axial motion part 24 can slide along the axial track 23, that is, it is set to perform linear motion on the axial track at a certain linear velocity). The axially movable portion 24 is fixedly connected to a radial track 25, which is provided with a radially movable portion 26. The radially movable portion 26 is slidable along the radial track 25, i.e., is configured to move linearly along the radial track at a predetermined linear velocity. The radially movable portion 26 is fixedly connected to the discharge port of the catalyst bag 1 and can move the discharge port to any position within the reactor. The discharge port is equipped with an aperture regulating valve 12, which is used to adjust the opening of the discharge port to different degrees during the discharge, transfer, and reset phases.

[0048] The above-mentioned device of this embodiment can make the catalyst discharge port move to any position above the catalyst material surface in the reactor through the cooperation of the rotating part, the axial moving part and the radial moving part on the annular track. It can realize circumferential rotation of different radii in the reactor (i.e., the running trajectory of the discharge stage), radial translation (the running trajectory of the transfer stage and the reset stage) and the rotation of the discharge port at the center of the reactor cross section, etc., which can provide sufficient hardware structure support for the running trajectory control strategy involved in the catalyst loading method of Example 2.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] like Figures 2 to 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a catalyst loading method. This method is actually a trajectory control strategy for the catalyst discharge port. This method abandons the "fixed-point scattering" loading method used in the prior art. By planning the motion path of the catalyst discharge port, the discharge port is kept in a mobile state during the loading process, ensuring that the same area is covered with the same amount of catalyst particles during the discharge process. This solves the problem of uniform loading of catalysts with a wide particle size distribution in the prior art, and also effectively solves the problem of difficulty in operating the catalyst when the loader is close to the catalyst.

[0051] The catalyst loading method of this embodiment includes at least the following steps:

[0052] Step S101 , setting the feed port to be movable to any position above the catalyst level of the reactor.

[0053] In step S102, the time from the start of spreading the catalyst from the discharge port to the catalyst surface to the completion of spreading a layer of catalyst is set as an operation cycle, so that in each operation cycle, the discharge port starts from the initial position close to the wall of the reactor, and alternately experiences the normal state and the feeding state of running in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions along the circumference of the reactor, and the opening of the discharge port valve is adjusted so that the layer of catalyst spread has the same amount in the same area. It should be noted here that: in consideration of ensuring the simplicity of the device installation structure as much as possible, the present invention adopts a method of setting the catalyst bag at the bottom of the hopper. Therefore, in order to avoid the "twisting" phenomenon caused by frequent rotation in the same direction, an alternating clockwise and counterclockwise rotation method is adopted, and before the discharge port is reset, the discharge port can be selectively rotated according to the number of rotations to restore it to its original state.

[0054] Step S103: After spreading each layer of catalyst, the feed opening is reset to the initial position, and step S102 is repeated to spread the next layer of catalyst until the required filling height of the catalyst is met.

[0055] The following first introduces in detail the parameters, motion path planning, and feed port opening valve control algorithm involved in the embodiment of this method:

[0056] 1) Assume that the catalyst loading height of the reactor bed is H;

[0057] 2) Let the time from the catalyst feeding port starting to spread the catalyst to the catalyst material surface to the completion of the spreading of a layer of catalyst be one "operation cycle". Let the number of "operation cycles" to be completed be S, and the estimation equation of S is: S = H / (u / (π×b 2 -π×(ba) 2 )); (wherein, S>0, H is the required filling height of the catalyst, a is the diameter of the feed port (0.1m≤a≤0.3m), b is the radius of the reactor (1m≤b≤3m), and u is the volume of catalyst flowing out during one rotation when the feed port is at its maximum opening, as measured on-site; let the number of completed operating cycles be F, and if F≤S, continue loading, otherwise stop loading);

[0058] 3) Set the clockwise direction as positive and the counterclockwise direction as negative; the feed port is always started at a position close to the reactor wall;

[0059] 4) Let the distance between the center of the cross section of the feed port and the center of the cross section of the reactor be d; the angle of rotation of the feed port be θ 自 , -2π≤θ自 ≤2π,θ 自0 =0; the angular velocity of the feed opening is ω 自 ;

[0060] 5) Let the number of completed "operation cycles" be F(0 <F≤S);

[0061] 6) Assume that each "operation cycle" consists of three states: "normal state", "feeding state A" and "feeding state B";

[0062] 7) Let the ratio of the radius b of the reactor to the diameter a of the feed port be rounded down to A, i.e. A = [b / a]. A can represent the total number of times in the "normal state" within one "operating cycle" (i.e. Figures 2 to 9 The number of revolutions of the feed opening outside the middle grid);

[0063] 8) Assume that the number of completed "unloading stages" in one "operating cycle" of the unloading port under "normal state" is B, and B0=0;

[0064] 9) Let the judgment parameter of the discharge port operation state be E, which is the remainder of the ratio of the reactor radius b to the discharge port diameter a, that is, E = ba × A. Depending on the value of E, the rotation of the discharge port and the motion trajectory (that is, the clockwise or counterclockwise "revolution" during the discharge phase and the radial translation during the transfer phase or reset phase) are different. It can be divided into E = 0, 0<E≤a / 2,E> a / 2 three cases;

[0065] 10) Assume that the opening of the discharge port valve is C, 0≤C≤1, C0=0;

[0066] 11) Let the judgment parameter of the unloading port operation stage be D. If D=0, it is the "unloading stage", if D=1, it is the "transfer stage", D0=0;

[0067] 12) Assume that during the "feeding phase," the line connecting the center of the feed opening cross section and the center of the reactor cross section rotates through an angle θ, where -2π ≤ θ ≤ 2π, and θ0 = 0. The angular velocity ω of the feed opening is fixed, (π / 30) rad / s ≤ |ω| ≤ (π / 10) rad / s. The linear velocity of the feed opening is v, where v = ω × d.

[0068] A few notes:

[0069] 1)Reference Figures 2 to 9 The normal state involved in this embodiment includes a feeding stage and a transfer stage. The feeding stage is the feeding process during the clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the feeding port along the circumference of the reactor. The transfer stage is the movement process (i.e. radial translation) after completing one round of feeding (i.e., one revolution) and before the next round of feeding.

[0070] 2) Regarding the core judgment parameter: That is, the judgment parameter for the operating state of the blanking port is E, and E is the remainder of the ratio of the reactor radius b to the blanking port diameter a, that is, E = b - a×A; The state and stage of the blanking port are judged by the comparison relationship between E, the aforementioned B and A and / or the value of D, that is, the aforementioned "normal state", "feeding state" or "reset stage".

[0071] 3) When E≥0 and B<A, enter the "normal state"; The "feeding state" includes feeding state A and feeding state B, and both the feeding state A and the feeding state B are also divided into a blanking stage and a transfer stage. When E > a / 2 and B = A, enter the feeding state A. When 0 < E ≤ a / 2 and B = A, enter the feeding state B; The "reset stage" includes reset stage A, reset stage B and reset stage C. When E = -2, enter reset stage A. When E = -1, enter reset stage B. When E = 0 and B = A, enter reset stage C.

[0072] 4) Regarding the movement trajectory equation of the blanking port: When the blanking port is in the blanking stage of the normal state or feeding state A, the movement trajectory equation of the blanking port is d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B), that is, the movement trajectory of "revolution".

[0073] 5) Regarding the valve opening equation of the blanking port: When in the blanking stage of the normal state, the valve opening C of the blanking port = (π×(b - a×B) 2 -π×(b - a×(B + 1)) 2 ) / (π×b 2 -π×(b - a) 2 ); When in the blanking stage of the feeding state A or feeding state B, the valve opening C of the blanking port = (π×(b - B×a) 2 ) / (π×b 2 -π×(b - a) 2 ); When in the transfer stage of the normal state or feeding state, the valve opening C of the blanking port = 0.

[0074] 6) Regarding the rotation of the blanking port: In the blanking stage of the normal state or feeding state A, the blanking port does not rotate; In the blanking stage of the feeding state B, the blanking port rotates. When B is an even number, the blanking port rotates clockwise. When B is an odd number, the blanking port rotates counterclockwise.

[0075] The following is a detailed description of the process of the method embodiment:

[0076] First, input the number S of "operating cycles", the blanking port diameter a, the reactor radius b, and the angular velocity ω of the blanking port movement 设定; Subsequently, initialize F, i.e., F0 = 0; determine if F ≤ S, if so, enter the filling program of this embodiment, if not, end the program; calculate A = [b / a], E = b - a×A; initialize B = 0, C = 0, D = 0, θ0 = 0, θ 自0 = 0.

[0077] Secondly, determine which "state" the material discharge port is in during the "operation cycle" or directly enter which "reset phase" based on the value of E and the comparison relationship between B and A (specifically, refer to item 3 of the aforementioned "Points for Attention"). <OO00342>Thirdly, determine the "phase" of the material discharge port according to the value of D: when D = 0, it is in the "material discharging phase", when D = 1, it is in the "transfer phase". In the case of being in the "material discharging phase", further determine the rotation direction (i.e., clockwise or counterclockwise) of the center of the material discharge port around the center of the reactor cross-section according to the parity of the current "state" and the value of B.

[0079] Finally, after the aforementioned judgments, that is, after determining the movement trajectory, self-rotation direction and opening degree of the material discharge port based on the values of A, B, D, E and their mutual relationships, the material discharge port will move, rotate itself and adjust the opening degree of the material discharge port according to the determined above conditions. And after meeting the end conditions of the "material discharging phase" or "transfer phase" or "reset phase", re-determine the relationship between F and S, and start a new "operation cycle" or end the filling. After each filling is ended, the distance between the material discharge port and the catalyst surface can be adjusted by adjusting the axial movement part 24 of Embodiment 1.

[0080] Next, the self-rotation situation, movement trajectory of the material discharge port, and the situation and corresponding expressions of the opening degree of the material discharge port will be listed and explained according to the values of A, B, D, E and their mutual relationships:

[0081] The relevant parameters to be executed, the movement trajectory of the material discharge port, the opening degree of the material discharge port valve, etc. are divided into the following 21 situations.

[0082] When it is determined that E ≠ 0, and E > 0, and E > a / 2, and B < A, enter the normal state; further determine that D = 0, enter the material discharging phase in the normal state; further determine that when B is an even number, execute Case 1:

[0083] 1. D = 0, θ0 = 0, θ[[ID=,24]] 自0 = 0; Self-rotation situation of the material discharge port: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; Movement trajectory equation of the material discharge port: d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B), 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, ω = ω 设定 ; Linear velocity of the movement of the material discharge port: v = ω×d; Opening degree of the material discharge port: C = (π×(b - a×B)2 -π×(b - a×(B + 1)) 2 ) / (π×b 2 -π×(b - a) 2 ); When |θ - θ0| = 2π: θ0 = θ, B = B + 1, D = 1.

[0084] When it is judged that E ≠ 0, and E > 0, and E > a / 2, and B < A, enter the normal state; further judge that D = 0, enter the blanking stage of the normal state; further judge that when B is odd, then execute Case 2:

[0085] 2. D = 0, θ0 = 2π, θ 自0 5]= 0; Blanking port rotation situation: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; Blanking port motion trajectory equation: d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B), -2π ≤ θ ≤ 0, ω = -ω<00?0036>; Blanking port motion linear velocity: v = ω×d; Blanking port opening: C = (π×(b - a×B) 2 -π×(b - a×(B + 1)) 2 ) / (π×b 2 -π×(b - a) 2 ); When |θ - θ0| = 2π: θ0 = θ, B = B + 1, D = 1. <00??0357>

[0086] When it is judged that E ≠ 0, and E > 0, and E > a / 2, and B < A, enter the normal state; further judge that D = 1, enter the transfer stage of the normal state; then execute Case 3:

[0087] 3. D = 1, θ0’ = 0, θ 自0 = 0; Blanking port rotation situation: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; Blanking port motion trajectory equation: b - a×(1 / 2 + B) ≤ d ≤ b - a×(B - 1 / 2), θ’ = 0, ω’ = 0 rad / s; Blanking port motion linear velocity: v’ = v 设定 ’; Blanking port opening: C = 0; When d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B): B = B, D = 0. ?

[0088] When it is judged that E ≠ 0, and E > 0, and E > a / 2, and B ≥ A, enter the feeding state A; further judge that D = 0, enter the feeding stage of the feeding state A; further judge that when B is even, then execute Case 4:

[0089] 4. D = 0, θ0 = 0, θ 自0 = 0; Blanking port rotation situation: θ 自 = 0, ω 自= 0 rad / s; The trajectory equation of the discharge opening: d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B), 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, ω = ω 设定 ; The linear velocity of the discharge opening: v = ω×d; The opening degree of the discharge opening: C = (π×(b - B×a) 2 ) / (π×b 2 - π×(b - a) 2 ); When |θ - θ0| = 2π: θ0 = θ, B = B, E = -2, D = 1.

[0090] When it is judged that E ≠ 0, and E > 0, and E > a / 2, and B ≥ A, enter the feeding state A; further judge that D = 0, enter the feeding stage of the feeding state A; further judge that when B is odd, then execute situation 5:

[0091] 5. D = 0, θ0 = 2π, θ 自0 = 0; The self-rotation situation of the discharge opening: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; The trajectory equation of the discharge opening: d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B), -2π ≤ θ ≤ 0, ω = -ω 设定 ; The linear velocity of the discharge opening: v = ω×d; The opening degree of the discharge opening: C = (π×(b - B×a) 2 ) / (π×b 2 - π×(b - a) 2 ); When |θ - θ0| = 2π: θ0 = θ, B = B, E = -2, D = 1.

[0092] When it is judged that E ≠ 0, and E > 0, and E > a / 2, and B ≥ A, enter the feeding state A; further judge that D = 1, enter the transfer stage of the feeding state A; then execute situation 6:

[0093] 6. D = 1, θ0’ = 0, θ 自0 = 0; The self-rotation situation of the discharge opening: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; The trajectory equation of the discharge opening: b - a×(1 / 2 + B) ≤ d ≤ b - a×(B - 1 / 2), θ’ = 0, ω’ = 0 rad / s; The linear velocity of the discharge opening: v’ = v 设定 ’; The opening degree of the discharge opening: C = 0; When d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B): B = B, D = 0.

[0094] When it is judged that E ≠ 0, and E > 0, and E ≤ a / 2, and B < A, enter the normal state; further judge that D = 0, enter the feeding stage of the normal state; further judge that when B is even, then execute situation 7:

[0095] 7. D = 0, θ0 = 0, θ 自0= 0; The self-rotation condition of the blanking port: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; The motion trajectory equation of the blanking port: d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B), 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, ω = ω 设定 ; The linear velocity of the blanking port: v = ω×d; The opening degree of the blanking port: C = (π×(b - a×B) 2 - π×(b - a×(B + 1)) 2 ) / (π×b 2 - π×(b - a) 2 ); When |θ - θ0| = 2π: θ0 = θ, B = B + 1, D = 1.

[0096] When it is judged that E ≠ 0, and E > 0, and E ≤ a / 2, and B < A, enter the normal state; further judge that D = 0, enter the blanking stage of the normal state; further judge that when B is odd, then execute case 8:

[0097] 8, D = 0, θ0 = 2π, θ 自0 = 0; The self-rotation condition of the blanking port: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; The motion trajectory equation of the blanking port: d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B), -2π ≤ θ ≤ 0, ω = -ω 设定 ; The linear velocity of the blanking port: v = ω×d; The opening degree of the blanking port: C = (π×(b - a×B) 2 - π×(b - a×(B + 1)) 2 ) / (π×b 2 - π×(b - a) 2 ); When |θ - θ0| = 2π: θ0 = θ, B = B + 1, D = 1.

[0098] When it is judged that E ≠ 0, and E > 0, and E ≤ a / 2, and B < A, enter the normal state; further judge that D = 1, enter the transfer stage of the normal state; then execute case 9:

[0099] 9, D = 1, θ0’ = 0, θ 自0 = 0; The self-rotation condition of the blanking port: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; The motion trajectory equation of the blanking port: b - a×(1 / 2 + B) ≤ d ≤ b - a×(B - 1 / 2), θ’ = 0, ω’ = 0 rad / s; The linear velocity of the blanking port: v’ = v 设定 ’; The opening degree of the blanking port: C = 0; When d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B): B = B, D = 0.

[0100] When it is judged that E≠0, E>0, E≤a / 2, and B≥A, the feeding state B is entered; if D=0 is further judged, the feeding state B is entered into the unloading stage; if B is further judged to be an even number, the execution is carried out in case 10:

[0101] 10. D = 0, θ0 = 0, θ 自0 =0; Feeding port rotation: 0≤θ 自 ≤2π,ω 自 =ω 设定 ; The motion trajectory equation of the feeding port: d = 0, θ = 0, ω 自 =0rad / s; Linear velocity of the feed opening: v = 0m / s; Opening of the feed opening: C = (π×(bB×a) 2 ) / (π×b 2 -π×(ba) 2 ); when |θ-θ0|=2π: θ0=θ, B=B, D=1, E=-1.

[0102] When it is judged that E≠0, E>0, E≤a / 2, and B≥A, the feeding state B is entered; if D=0 is further judged, the feeding state B is entered into the unloading stage; if B is further judged to be an odd number, the execution is carried out in case 11:

[0103] 11. D = 0, θ0 = 2π, θ 自0 =0; Feeding port rotation: -2π≤θ 自 ≤0,ω 自 =-ω 设定 ; The motion trajectory equation of the feeding port: d = 0, θ = 0, ω 自 =0rad / s; Linear velocity of the feed opening: v = 0m / s; Opening of the feed opening: C = (π×(bB×a) 2 ) / (π×b 2 -π×(ba) 2 ); when |θ-θ0|=2π: θ0=θ, B=B, D=1, E=-1.

[0104] When it is judged that E≠0, E>0, E≤a / 2, and B≥A, the feeding state B is entered; further judged that D=1, the feeding state B is entered into the transfer phase; then the execution situation 12:

[0105] 12. D = 1, θ0' = 0, θ 自0 =0; Rotation of the feeding port: θ 自 =0,ω 自 =0rad / s; the motion trajectory equation of the feed opening is: 0≤d≤ba×(B-1 / 2), θ'=0, ω'=0rad / s; the linear velocity of the feed opening is: v'=v 设定'; Opening degree of feeding port: C=0; when d=0: B=B, D=0.

[0106] When it is determined that E≠0, E<0, and E=-2, the reset phase A is entered; if it is further determined that B is an even number, the execution proceeds to case 13:

[0107] 13. θ0″=0,θ 自0 =0; the feeding port first rotates counterclockwise at a constant speed for one circle; the feeding port rotation situation: -2π≤θ 自 ≤0,ω 自 =-ω 设定 ; When θ 自 =-2π, the feed opening starts to move; the feed opening rotates: θ 自 =-2π,ω 自 =0rad / s; the motion trajectory equation of the feeding port is: ba×(1 / 2+B)≤d≤ba / 2, θ”=0, ω”=0rad / s; the linear velocity of the feeding port is: v”=v 设定 "; Feeding port opening: C = 0; When d = ba / 2: F = F + 1.

[0108] When it is determined that E≠0, E<0, and E=-2, the reset phase A is entered; if it is further determined that B is an odd number, the execution proceeds to case 14:

[0109] 14. θ0″=0, θ 自0 =0; the feed port does not rotate; the feed port rotates: θ 自 =0,ω 自 =0rad / s; when θ 自 =0, the feed opening starts to move; the feed opening rotates: θ 自 =0,ω 自 =0rad / s; the motion trajectory equation of the feeding port is: ba×(1 / 2+B)≤d≤ba / 2, θ”=0, ω”=0rad / s; the linear velocity of the feeding port is: v”=v 设定 "; Feeding port opening: C = 0; When d = ba / 2: F = F + 1.

[0110] When it is determined that E≠0, E<0, and E=-1, the reset phase B is entered; if B is further determined to be an even number, case 15 is executed:

[0111] 15. θ0″=0, θ 自0 =0; the feeding port first rotates counterclockwise at a constant speed for one circle; the feeding port rotation situation: -2π≤θ 自 ≤0,ω 自 =-ω 设定 ; When θ 自 =-2π, the feed opening starts to move; the feed opening rotates: θ 自=-2π, ω 自 =0 rad / s; The trajectory equation of the blanking port: 0 ≤ d ≤ b - a / 2, θ'' = 0, ω'' = 0 rad / s; The linear velocity of the blanking port: v'' = v 设定 ''; The opening of the blanking port: C = 0; When d = b - a / 2: F = F + 1.

[0112] When it is judged that E ≠ 0, and E < 0, and E = -1, enter the reset stage B; Further judge that when B is odd, then execute situation 16:

[0113] 16. θ0'' = 0, θ 自0 = 0; The blanking port does not rotate; The rotation situation of the blanking port: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; When θ<0000​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​= 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; The trajectory equation of the blanking port: d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B), -2π ≤ θ ≤ 0, ω = -ω 设定 ; The linear velocity of the blanking port: v = ω×d; The opening degree of the blanking port: C = (π×(b - a×B) 2 -π×(b - a×(B + 1)) 2 ) / (π×b 2 -π×(b - a) 2 ); When |θ - θ0| = 2π: θ0 = θ, B = B + 1, D = 1.

[0118] When it is judged that E = 0 and B < A, enter the normal state; further judge that D = 1, then enter the transfer stage of the normal state, and execute case 19:

[0119] 19. D = 1, θ0’ = 0, θ 自0 = 0; The rotation situation of the blanking port: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; The trajectory equation of the blanking port: b - a×(1 / 2 + B) ≤ d ≤ b - a×(B - 1 / 2), θ’ = 0, ω’ = 0 rad / s; The linear velocity of the blanking port: v’ = v 设定 ’; The opening degree of the blanking port: C = 0; When d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B): B = B, D = 0.

[0120] When it is judged that E = 0 and B ≥ A, enter the reset stage C; further judge that B is an even number, then execute case 20:

[0121] 20. θ0” = 0, θ 自0 = 0; The blanking port does not rotate; The rotation situation of the blanking port: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; When θ 自 = 0, the blanking port starts to move; The rotation situation of the blanking port: θ 自 = 0, ω 自 = 0 rad / s; The trajectory equation of the blanking port: b - a×(B - 1 / 2) ≤ d ≤ b - a / 2, θ” = 0, ω” = 0 rad / s; The linear velocity of the blanking port: v’ = v 设定 ”; The opening degree of the blanking port: C = 0; When d = b - a / 2: F = F + 1.

[0122] When it is judged that E = 0 and B ≥ A, enter the reset stage C; further judge that B is an odd number, then execute case 21:

[0123] 21. θ0” = 0, θ 自0 = 0; The blanking port rotates counterclockwise at a constant speed for one week first; The rotation situation of the blanking port: -2π ≤ θ自 ≤0; when θ 自 =-2π, the feed opening starts to move; the feed opening rotates: θ 自 =-2π,ω 自 =0rad / s; the motion trajectory equation of the feed opening is: ba×(B-1 / 2)≤d≤ba / 2, θ”=0, ω”=0rad / s; the linear velocity of the feed opening is: v'=v 设定 "; Feeding port opening: C = 0; When d = ba / 2: F = F + 1.

[0124] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is apparent that many changes and variations are possible in light of the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments are selected and described for the purpose of explaining the specific principles of the invention and their practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to realize and utilize a variety of exemplary embodiments of the invention and various options and variations. Any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications made to the exemplary embodiments described above are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A catalyst loading method, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: A. Set the blanking port to be movable to any position above the catalyst surface in the reactor; B. Set the time from the start of spreading the catalyst from the blanking port to the catalyst surface to the completion of spreading one layer of catalyst as one operation cycle, so that in each operation cycle, the blanking port starts from the initial position close to the reactor wall and alternately experiences the normal state and the feeding state of running clockwise and counterclockwise along the circumference of the reactor in turn, and adjust the opening degree of the blanking port valve to make the amount of the spread layer of catalyst the same within the same area; C. After spreading each layer of catalyst, reset the blanking port to the initial position, and repeat step B to spread the next layer of catalyst until the filling height required by the catalyst is met.

2. The catalyst loading method according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of required operation cycles is S, and the estimation equation of S is: S=H / (u / (π×b 2 -π×(b-a) 2 )); where S>0, H is the filling height required by the catalyst, a is the diameter of the blanking port, b is the radius of the reactor, and u is the volume of the catalyst flowing out within the time of rotating one week under the condition of the maximum opening degree of the blanking port measured on site; let the number of completed operation cycles be F, if F≤S, continue filling, otherwise end filling.

3. The catalyst loading method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The normal state includes a blanking stage and a transfer stage. The blanking stage is the blanking process when the blanking port rotates clockwise or counterclockwise along the circumference in the reactor, and the transfer stage is the moving process after completing one circle of blanking and before starting the next circle of blanking.

4. The catalyst loading method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Within one operation cycle, let the total number of the normal states be A, A = [b / a]; let the number of completed blanking stages of the blanking port in the normal state within one operation cycle be B; let the judgment parameter of the operation stage of the blanking port be D, if D = 0, it is the blanking stage, if D = 1, it is the transfer stage; let the judgment parameter of the operation state of the blanking port be E, E is the remainder of the ratio of the reactor radius b to the diameter a of the blanking port, that is, E = b - a×A; judge the state of the blanking port being in the normal state, the feeding state or the reset stage through the values of E, B and / or D.

5. The catalyst loading method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When E≥0 and B<A, enter the normal state; the feeding state includes feeding state A and feeding state B, and both the feeding state A and the feeding state B are also divided into a blanking stage and a transfer stage. When E>a / 2 and B = A, enter the feeding state A, and when 0<E≤a / 2 and B = A, enter the feeding state B; the reset stage includes reset stage A, reset stage B and reset stage C. When E = -2, enter the reset stage A, when E = -1, enter the reset stage B, and when E = 0 and B = A, enter the reset stage C.

6. The catalyst loading method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the blanking port is in the blanking stage of the normal state or the feeding state A, the trajectory equation of the movement of the blanking port is d = b - a×(1 / 2 + B).

7. The catalyst loading method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the unloading stage of the normal state or the feeding state A, the unloading port does not rotate; in the unloading stage of the feeding state B, the unloading port rotates, when B is an even number, the unloading port rotates in a clockwise direction, and when B is an odd number, the unloading port rotates in a counterclockwise direction.

8. The catalyst loading method according to claim 7, characterized in that The opening of the discharge port valve at different stages of different states is C; when in the discharge stage of the normal state, the opening of the discharge port valve C=(π×(ba×B) 2 -π×(ba×(B+1)) 2 ) / (π×b 2 -π×(ba) 2 ); When in the feeding state A or feeding state B in the feeding stage, the feeding port valve opening C = (π × (bB × a) 2 ) / (π×b 2 -π×(ba) 2 ); When in the transition stage between the normal state or the feeding state, the opening degree of the discharge port valve C=0.

9. A catalyst loading device, characterized in that: Applying the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: A catalyst bag is placed on the bottom of the catalyst hopper and fixed with a bag clamp; An annular track is horizontally arranged at a corresponding position of the catalyst bag. The annular track is provided with a rotating part, which is fixedly connected to an axial track extending axially along the reactor. The axial track is provided with an axial moving part, which is fixedly connected to a radial track. The radial track is provided with a radial moving part. The radial moving part is fixedly connected to the discharge port of the catalyst bag and can drive the discharge port to move to any position in the reactor.

10. The catalyst loading device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The rotating part is configured to perform circular motion on the annular track at a fixed angular velocity and linear velocity.

11. The catalyst loading device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The axial motion portion is configured to perform linear motion on the axial track at a certain linear velocity.

12. The catalyst loading device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The radial motion portion is configured to perform linear motion on the radial track at a certain linear velocity.

13. The catalyst loading device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The discharge port is provided with an opening regulating valve for enabling the discharge port to have different openings in different discharge stages, transfer stages and reset stages.

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