Methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems for cell selection and reselection prioritization for sub-band full duplex

Abstract

Processes, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are described for cell selection, such as in which one or more cells operate using sub-band full duplex (SBFD) symbols. In an example embodiment, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may use one or more synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) blocks (SSBs) from one or more candidate cells, which are either a first type of cell or a second type of cell, during a cell selection procedure, such as before initial access or for cell reselection. The WTRU may perform an access procedure for a base station associated with one of the candidate cells, based on the one of the candidate cells having the highest ranking among the one or more candidate cells (i.e., the first type), using measurement information associated with SSBs from the one or more candidate cells.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. (i) 63 / 442,815, filed February 2, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to the fields of communications, software, and coding, including, for example, methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems for prioritizing sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) cells in cell selection and / or reselection. Background Art

[0004] In RAN #94-e, a RAN study item on New Radio (NR) duplex operation has been agreed upon. In NR RE1.18, the feasibility of enabling full duplex, or more specifically, sub-band non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD), for gNBs within legacy TDD bands is being studied. It is also expected that cell selection and reselection techniques that take SBFD operation into account will be provided. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In certain representative embodiments, a process may be performed to prioritize sub-band full duplex (SBFD) cells in cell selection and / or reselection, such as by utilizing SBFD operation in synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block (SSB) symbols.

[0006] In one example, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive one or more SSBs from one or more candidate cells, the candidate cells being cells of a first type or cells of a second type. The WTRU may use measurement information associated with the one or more candidate cells to perform an (e.g., initial) access procedure to a base station associated with a candidate cell having a highest ranking (i.e., of the first type) among the one or more candidate cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] A more detailed understanding can be obtained by the following detailed description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Like the detailed description, the figures in these drawings are examples. Likewise, the drawings (figures) and detailed description should not be considered restrictive, and other equally effective examples are possible and probable. In addition, the same reference numerals ("ref.") indicate the same elements, and wherein:

[0008] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system;

[0009] Figure 1B It is a diagram that can be Figure 1AA system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use in a communication system as shown in FIG.

[0010] Figure 1C It is a diagram that can be Figure 1A A system diagram of an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used in a communication system as shown in FIG.

[0011] Figure 1D It is a diagram that can be Figure 1A A system diagram of another example RAN and another example CN used in the communication system shown in ;

[0012] Figure 2 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of non-overlapping SBFD time slots;

[0013] Figure 3 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of SBFD operation in an SBFD symbol of an SSB burst; and

[0014] Figure 4 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of SBFD operation in a downlink (DL) symbol of an SSB burst;

[0015] Figure 5 is a system diagram illustrating an example of a CLI;

[0016] Figure 6 is a process diagram illustrating an example of SBFD cell prioritization in cell selection utilizing SBFD operation in SSB symbols;

[0017] Figure 7 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of using zero power (ZP) resources and SSB symbols for CLI measurement;

[0018] Figure 8 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for cell selection (reselection);

[0019] Figure 9 is a process diagram illustrating another example process for cell selection (reselection);

[0020] Figure 10 is a process diagram illustrating another example process for cell selection (reselection);

[0021] Figure 11 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for determining SSB type and SSB power;

[0022] Figure 12 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for CLI measurement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In the following detailed description, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that these embodiments and examples can be implemented without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other cases, well-known methods, processes, components and circuits are not described in detail to avoid blurring the following description. In addition, the embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be implemented in place of or in combination with the embodiments and other examples explicitly, implicitly and / or inherently described, disclosed or otherwise provided (collectively referred to as "provided") herein. Although various embodiments are described and / or claimed herein, in which devices, systems, equipment, etc. and / or any elements thereof perform operations, processes, algorithms, functions, etc. and / or any part thereof, it should be understood that any embodiment described and / or claimed herein assumes that any device, system, equipment, etc. and / or any element thereof is configured to perform any operation, process, algorithm, function, etc. and / or any part thereof.

[0024] Example Communication System

[0025] The methods, apparatus, and systems provided herein are well-suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. Figures 1A-1D An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure is provided, wherein various elements of the network may utilize, perform, be arranged according to, and / or be adapted and / or configured for the methods, apparatus, and systems provided herein.

[0026] Figure 1A 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail (ZT) unique word (UW) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0027] like Figure 1AAs shown in FIG, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104 / 113, a core network (CN) 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a "station" and / or "STA," may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include (or be) a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical equipment and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial equipment and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated process chain environments), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0028] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, e.g., to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or the network 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (NB), an eNode-B (eNB), a Home Node-B (HNB), a Home eNode-B (HeNB), a gNode-B (gNB), an NRNode-B (NRNB), a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0029] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for wireless services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. The cell may also be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, one for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each or any sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0030] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0031] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple-access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 116. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0032] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0033] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0034] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement both LTE radio access and NR radio access, e.g., using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0035] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0036] Figure 1AThe base station 114b in may be, for example, a wireless router, a home Node-B, a home eNode-B, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of a small cell, a pico cell, or a femto cell. As Figure 1A As shown in FIG, base station 114b may be directly connected to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b may not need to access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0037] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform advanced security functions (such as user authentication). Although in Figure 1A Not shown, but it will be appreciated, the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs any of GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technologies.

[0038] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) from the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 114 or a different RAT.

[0039] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0040] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B , the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other elements / peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any subcombination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0041] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and transceiver 120 may be integrated together, for example, in an electronic package or chip.

[0042] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be, for example, an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0043] Despite Figure 1B Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted as a single element in FIG. 1 , the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. For example, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0044] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As described above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[0045] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0046] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0047] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may obtain location information by any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0048] The processor 118 may be further coupled to other components / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules / units that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the components / peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (e.g., for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth module, an FM radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, an electronic game player module, an internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The components / peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0049] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals may be concurrent and / or simultaneous (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception). The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference via hardware (e.g., a choke) or via signal processing by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via the processor 118). In one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals may be concurrent and / or simultaneous (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception).

[0050] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to one embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0051] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, although it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, the eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0052] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), and the like. Figure 1C As shown in FIG, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0053] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown in FIG may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0054] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, bearer activation and deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may also provide a control plane function for translating between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0055] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to and from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions such as anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when downlink data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0056] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0057] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may be in communication with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0058] Even though the WTRU Figure 1A-1D Although described as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments such a terminal may (eg, temporarily or permanently) employ a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0059] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0060] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access to or dock with a distributed system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS destined for a STA may reach the AP and may be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from a STA to a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to the corresponding destination. For example, traffic between STAs within a BSS may be sent through the AP, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP, and the AP may deliver traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between a source STA and a destination STA (e.g., directly between the source STA and the destination STA) using direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunnel DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs (eg, all STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode is sometimes referred to herein as an "ad hoc" communication mode.

[0061] When using 802.11ac infrastructure operation mode or similar operation mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel (such as the primary channel). The primary channel can be a fixed width (e.g., a wide bandwidth of 20 MHz) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, such as in an 802.11 system, carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented. For CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., each STA), including the AP, can sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected by a specific STA and / or is determined to be busy, the specific STA can back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0062] High throughput (HT) STAs may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0063] Very high throughput (VHT) STAs can support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining adjacent 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining eight adjacent 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-adjacent 80 MHz channels—this can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a fragment parser that can separate the data into two streams. Each stream can be subjected to inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing and time domain processing separately. These streams can be mapped onto two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above operations for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to a medium access control (MAC) layer, entity, etc.

[0064] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1 GHz. The channel operating bandwidth and carriers in 802.11af and 802.11ah are reduced relative to the operating modes used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support metered type control / machine type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities (e.g., limited capabilities), including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0065] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) include a channel that can be designated as a primary channel. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by the STA that supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode among all STAs operating in the BSS. In the example of 802.11ah, for a STA that supports (e.g., only supports) a 1 MHz mode (e.g., an MTC-type device), the primary channel can be 1 MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings can depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which only supports the 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band can be considered busy, even if most of the frequency band remains idle and can be used.

[0066] In the United States, the available frequency band that can be used by 802.11ah is from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz, depending on the country code.

[0067] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to one embodiment. As described above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0068] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, although it should be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a and 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. Thus, for example, the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers (not shown) to the WTRU 102a. A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the legacy component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0069] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may be different for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmit spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., including different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or lasting different lengths of absolute time).

[0070] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing another RAN (e.g., such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchors. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed frequency band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with a gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as an eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for the serving WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0071] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, network slicing support, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information to an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, and the like. Figure 1D As shown in , gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0072] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown in FIG may include at least one AMF 182 a, 182 b, at least one UPF 184 a, 184 b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183 a, 183 b, and at least one data network (DN) 185 a, 185 b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0073] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing, for example, to customize CN support for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service being utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for translating between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as Wi-Fi.

[0074] The SMFs 183a and 183b may connect to the AMFs 182a and 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMFs 183a and 183b may also connect to the UPFs 184a and 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMFs 183a and 183b may select and control the UPFs 184a and 184b and configure traffic routing through the UPFs 184a and 184b. The SMFs 183a and 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0075] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, for example, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0076] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or may communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. Furthermore, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may connect to a local data network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and the N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the data network (DN).

[0077] Given that Figure 1A-1D and Figure 1A-1D

[0045] As described herein, one or more or all of the functions described herein with respect to any of the WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a-b, eNode-Bs 160a-c, MMEs 162, SGWs 164, PGWs 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a-b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b, and / or any other element(s) / device(s) described herein may be performed by one or more emulation elements / devices (not shown). An emulation device may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0078] Emulated devices can be designed to perform one or more tests on other devices in a lab environment and / or in a carrier network environment. For example, one or more emulated devices can perform one or more or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. One or more emulated devices can perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulated device can be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or can perform tests using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0079] One or more emulated devices can perform one or more functions (including all functions) without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulated devices can be used in test scenarios in a test lab and / or in a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network to enable testing of one or more components. The one or more emulated devices can be test devices. The emulated devices can transmit and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (e.g., which can include one or more antennas).

[0080] introduce

[0081] This article may use the following abbreviations and acronyms:

[0082] Δf subcarrier spacing

[0083] gNB NRNodeB

[0084] AP aperiodic

[0085] BFR beam failure recovery

[0086] BFD-RS beam fault detection-reference signal

[0087] BLER Block Error Rate

[0088] BWP bandwidth part

[0089] CA Carrier Aggregation

[0090] CB is contention-based (e.g., access, channel, resource)

[0091] CCA Clear Channel Assessment

[0092] CDM code division multiplexing

[0093] CG cell group

[0094] CLI cross-link interference

[0095] CoMP coordinated multipoint transmission / reception

[0096] COT channel occupation time

[0097] CP cyclic prefix

[0098] CPE common phase error

[0099] CP-OFDM Traditional OFDM (relying on cyclic prefix)

[0100] CQI channel quality indicator

[0101] CN core network (e.g. LTE packet core or NR core)

[0102] CRC cyclic redundancy check

[0103] CSI channel state information

[0104] CSI-RS channel state information-reference signal

[0105] CU Central Unit

[0106] D2D device-to-device transmission (e.g. LTE sidelink)

[0107] DC Dual Connection

[0108] DCI downlink control information

[0109] DL downlink

[0110] DM-RS demodulation reference signal

[0111] DRB Data Radio Bearer

[0112] DU distributed unit

[0113] EN-DC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity

[0114] EPC Evolved Packet Core

[0115] FD-CDM frequency domain code division multiplexing

[0116] FDD Frequency Division Duplex

[0117] FDM frequency division multiplexing

[0118] ICI Inter-cell Interference

[0119] ICIC inter-cell interference cancellation

[0120] IP Internet Protocol

[0121] LBT listens first and speaks later

[0122] LCH logical channel

[0123] LCID Logical Channel Identity

[0124] LCP logical channel prioritization

[0125] LLC low-latency communication

[0126] LTE long-term evolution, such as starting from 3GPP LTE Release 8

[0127] MAC Media Access Control

[0128] MAC CE Media Access Control Element

[0129] NACKNegative ACK

[0130] MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast System

[0131] MCG master cell group

[0132] MCS modulation and coding scheme

[0133] MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

[0134] MTC Machine Type Communication

[0135] MR-DC Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity

[0136] NAS non-access layer

[0137] NCB-RS new candidate beam reference signal

[0138] NE-DC NR-RAN–E-UTRA Dual Connectivity

[0139] NR New Radio

[0140] NR-DC Dual Connection

[0141] OCC orthogonal cover code

[0142] OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0143] OOB Out of Band (Transmit)

[0144] Pcmax Total available UE power in a given transmission interval

[0145] The main cell of the Pcell master cell group

[0146] PCG main cell group

[0147] PDU protocol data unit

[0148] PER packet error rate

[0149] PHY physical layer

[0150] PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

[0151] PLR packet loss rate

[0152] PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

[0153] PRB physical resource block

[0154] PRIPUCCH resource indicator

[0155] PRS Positioning Reference Signal

[0156] The main cell of the Pscell auxiliary cell group

[0157] PSS Primary Synchronization Signal

[0158] PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal

[0159] QoS Quality of Service (from the perspective of the physical layer)

[0160] RAB Radio Access Bearer

[0161] RAN PA Radio Access Network Paging Area

[0162] RACH Random Access Channel (or process)

[0163] RAR Random Access Response

[0164] RAT radio access technology

[0165] RB resource block

[0166] RCU Radio Access Network Central Unit

[0167] RF radio front end

[0168] RE resource element

[0169] RLF Radio Link Failure

[0170] RLM Radio Link Monitoring

[0171] RNTI Radio Network Identifier

[0172] RO random access opportunity

[0173] ROM read-only mode (for MBMS)

[0174] RRC Radio Resource Control

[0175] RRM Radio Resource Management

[0176] RS reference signal

[0177] RSRP reference signal received power

[0178] RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality

[0179] RTT Round Trip Time

[0180] Rx

[0181] SBFD sub-band non-overlapping full-duplex

[0182] SCG Secondary Cell Group

[0183] SCMA Single Carrier Multiple Access

[0184] SCS subcarrier spacing

[0185] SDU Service Data Unit

[0186] SOM Spectrum Operation Mode

[0187] SP semi-persistent

[0188] SpCell is the main cell of a primary cell group or a secondary cell group.

[0189] SRB Signalling Radio Bearer

[0190] SS synchronization signal

[0191] SRS sounding reference signal

[0192] SSS secondary synchronization signal

[0193] SUL Supplementary Uplink

[0194] SWG switching gap (in separate subframes)

[0195] TB transfer block

[0196] TBS transport block size

[0197] TCI transmission configuration index

[0198] TDD Time Division Duplex

[0199] TDM time division multiplexing

[0200] TI time interval (an integer multiple of one or more symbols)

[0201] TTI transmission time interval (an integer multiple of one or more symbols)

[0202] TRP Transmit / Receive Point

[0203] TRPG transmitting / receiving point group

[0204] TRS tracking reference signal

[0205] TRx transceiver

[0206] Tx transmission

[0207] UL uplink

[0208] URC Ultra Reliable Communication

[0209] URLLC ultra-reliable and low-latency communication

[0210] V2X vehicle communications

[0211] WLAN wireless local area network and related technologies (IEEE 802.xx domain)

[0212] XDD Cross-Division Duplex

[0213] Those skilled in the art will be familiar with other abbreviations used herein.

[0214] Overview

[0215] As used herein, selection (eg, cell selection) and reselection (eg, cell reselection) may be used interchangeably and / or referred to as cell selection (reselection).

[0216] As used herein, "a" and "an" and similar phrases may be interpreted as "one or more" and "at least one." Similarly, any term ending in the suffix "(s)" may be interpreted as "one or more" and "at least one." The term "may" should be interpreted as "may, for example."

[0217] Unless otherwise stated, a forward slash “ / ” symbol, sign or notation may be interpreted as “and / or,” where, for example, “A / B” may be interpreted as “A and / or B.”

[0218] Utilizing SBFD operation in SSB symbols to prioritize SBFD cells in cell selection

[0219] In certain representative embodiments, a cell selection (e.g., reselection) procedure may be performed. During cell selection and / or cell reselection, the WTRU 102 (e.g., any of WTRUs 102-a, 102-b, 102-c, and / or 102-d) may monitor and / or scan any (e.g., all) RF channels in the NR frequency band and / or may use stored information to find a suitable cell. For each cell and based on the detected SSB, the WTRU 102 may check system information (e.g., MIB, SIB1, etc.) and determine whether the cell is an SBFD cell or a non-SBFD cell.

[0220] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive any of the following configurations for the SBFD cell: (1) resource configuration for measuring CLI, (2) EPRE parameters (Q EPRE ), and / or (3) threshold and / or scaling rules specific to SBFD.

[0221] For example, an SBFD-aware WTRU 102 may determine a priority level(s) for utilizing SBFD and / or non-SBFD cells. The priority levels may be based on any of latency, coverage, and / or mobility criteria. For example, a priority level of 1 may be associated with a WTRU 102 that considers non-SBFD cells to be the lowest priority. For example, a priority level of 2 may be associated with a WTRU 102 that prioritizes SBFD cells using SBFD-specific backoff and / or scaling rules. For example, a priority level of 3 may be associated with no priority when utilizing SBFD cells (e.g., compared to non-SBFD cells).

[0222] For example, after SBFD operation is prioritized, the WTRU 102 may perform cell ranking separately to prioritize the SBFD cells. For example, the cell ranking may be based on one or more parameters (e.g., any one of RSRP, RSRQ, number of beams, etc.). For example, the WTRU 102 may determine a first list (e.g., a set) of SBFD cells and / or a second list (e.g., a set) of legacy cells.

[0223] For example, the cell selection decision may be based on joint optimization and / or joint execution. For example, the WTRU 102 may use the "n" highest ranked cells in the first list and / or the "n" highest ranked cells in the second list. The first cell or cell list, "C1," may be from the first list (e.g., SBFD cells). The first cell(s) may be the highest ranked cell(s) from the first list. The second cell or cell list, "C2," may be from the second list (e.g., legacy cells). The second cell(s) may be the highest ranked cell(s) from the second list.

[0224] For example, the WTRU 102 may select the first cell C1 (eg, an SBFD cell), for example, upon determining that the first cell C1 has a higher ranking than the second cell C2.

[0225] As another (eg, alternative), if the first cell C1 has a lower or equal ranking than the second cell C2, the WTRU 102 may perform one or more backoffs to prioritize the SBFD cell (eg, over the legacy cell).

[0226] As a first example of compensation, the WTRU 102 uses the EPRE parameter (Q EPRE ) associated with one or more (e.g., configured) compensation factors. The compensation factors may be applied to certain ranking relationships, such as when the low RSRP is due to reduced EPRE due to SBFD in the first cell C1. If, after applying the compensation factors, the estimated RSRP of the SBFD cell has the highest cell ranking, the WTRU 102 may select the SBFD cell (e.g., C1).

[0227] As a second example of compensation, the WTRU 102 may measure the CLI (e.g., L1 / L2 CLI-RSSI) corresponding to the detected SSB and cell (e.g., the first cell C1). The WTRU 102 may determine to use one or more SBFD-specific scaling rules (e.g., Qoffset-SBFD) as a cell selection parameter based on the CLI strength level, for example, when the CLI is greater than a first threshold (e.g., threshold1) and the CLI is less than a maximum threshold (e.g., Max_th). After using the SBFD-specific configuration, the WTRU 102 may determine that the cell is the best cell with the highest ranking. The WTRU 102 may report the CLI, for example, as part of the initial access procedure to the gNB, to mitigate the CLI.

[0228] For example, such as after performing compensation and / or scaling, the WTRU 102 may proceed to determine whether the first cell C1 has a higher ranking than the second cell C2. If the first cell C1 has a higher ranking than the second cell C2, the WTRU 102 may select the first cell C1 (e.g., an SSBFD cell) and proceed with an initial access procedure to the gNB corresponding to the first cell C1 (e.g., sending a PRACH transmission).

[0229] Correlation between SSB burst type and SSB power allocation

[0230] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration of one or more SSB bursts (eg, a time period of consecutive SSB bursts). For example, the configuration of the SSB bursts may be associated with a cell that supports SBFD.

[0231] For example, the WTRU 102 may expect the SSB EPRE to be the same throughout the SSB burst. For example, the SSB EPRE applicable to the entire SSB burst may be configured (e.g., explicitly) from the gNB.

[0232] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the type of one or more configured SSB bursts. Any (eg, each) SSB burst may be associated with an SSB EPRE parameter (eg, Q EPRE Parameters), such as each SSB burst or all SSB bursts. As an example, the SSB burst type may include any of the following: (1) Type 1: the SSB burst completely overlaps with the SBFD symbol; (2) Type 2: the SSB burst overlaps with at least one (or at least L) SBFD symbols; and / or (3) Type 3: the SSB burst does not overlap with any SBFD symbol.

[0233] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the SSB EPRE parameters (e.g., Q EPRE Parameters). The SSB EPRE parameters may be configured for each SSB burst, for example based on a determined SSB burst type.

[0234] For example, the determination of the SSB burst type may be based on one or more of: (1) an explicit indication (e.g., via a bitmap and / or pattern), and / or (2) an implicit indication. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a time unit, window, time slot, and / or symbol to which SBFD may be applied. The WTRU 102 may determine the SSB burst type based on whether the SSB symbol is within and / or overlaps with the configured SBFD time unit.

[0235] For example, the WTRU 102 may utilize at least one SSB EPRE parameter (e.g., Q EPRE ) is configured (eg, pre-configured) and / or receives at least one SSB EPRE parameter (eg, Q EPRE ). The WTRU 102 may receive the SSB EPRE parameters via system information (eg, via SIB1, SIB2), DCI, MAC-CE, and / or RRC.

[0236] For example, the WTRU 102 may detect and / or receive one or more SSBs for which the WTRU 102 has determined the corresponding SSB burst type and / or corresponding SSB EPRE parameters (e.g., Q EPRE ).

[0237] For example, the WTRU 102 may measure the EPRE of the received SSB and / or the corresponding SSS. The UE may determine the EPRE based on the associated EPRE parameter (Q EPRE) and / or the determined SSB burst type (e.g., SSB burst type 1, 2, or 3) to apply one or more scaling rules (e.g., addition, multiplication, etc.) to measure EPRE.

[0238] As another example, the UE may determine to skip pairs of nodes with similar SSB EPRE (Q EPRE ) and / or SSB burst types (e.g., SSBs associated with the first type of SSB burst). The UE may detect and / or receive one or more SSBs associated with SSB bursts associated with other SSB burst types (e.g., SSBs associated with the second and / or third types of SSB bursts).

[0239] For example, the UE may determine a cell ranking and / or perform cell selection based on the scaled SSB EPRE and select the cell with the highest cell ranking. The UE may then perform an initial access procedure (e.g., sending a PRACH transmission to the corresponding gNB) to connect to the selected cell.

[0240] CLI measurements for cell selection using SBFD operations

[0241] In certain representative embodiments, a UE may detect one or more SSBs from one or more neighboring cells (eg, a serving cell and / or a camped cell).

[0242] For example, the UE may measure one or more parameters (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, number of beams, etc.) based on the detected SSB.

[0243] For example, the UE may perform cell ranking on any (eg, all) detected neighboring cells, such as as part of a periodic cell reselection scan. Cell ranking may be used to determine the first cell with the highest ranking (eg, using any measured parameters).

[0244] For example, the UE may determine that a second cell (e.g., among detected neighboring cells) supports SBFD operation and / or operates with the operation (e.g., based on system information such as MIB, SIB1, SIB2 received from a serving cell or a cell on which the UE is already camped). The second cell may be a detected neighboring cell, which is a neighboring cell with one or more detected SSBs.

[0245] For example, the UE may determine to measure the CLI of the second cell based on any one of an explicit indication and / or an implicit indication. For example, if (1) the second cell does not have the highest cell ranking; (2) if the RSRP and / or RSRQ evaluation of the second cell is within an offset from the RSRP and / or RSRQ evaluation of the first cell; (3) if the number of acceptable beams from the second cell (e.g., based on the cell ranking) is equal to or greater than that of the first cell; and / or (4) if the UE's priority and / or preference is to connect to a cell operating with SBFD (e.g., the second cell), the UE may implicitly determine to measure the CLI of the second cell.

[0246] For example, the UE may determine the time and / or frequency location of one or more resources (e.g., zero power resources) for CLI measurement of the second cell. For example, any resource (e.g., such as a zero power resource) used for CLI may be identified via system information (e.g., SIB1, SIB2, etc.). Figure 6 The UE may measure the CLI using the SSB-RSSI compared to the measured SSB-RSRP of the corresponding SS / PBCH block of the second cell.

[0247] For example, the UE may measure the CLI (eg, L1 / L2 CLI-RSSI) of the second cell.

[0248] For example, when the measured CLI strength level is below a maximum threshold (e.g., Max_th), the UE may determine the CLI strength level and select one or more SBFD-specific scaling rules accordingly. The UE may use the selected SBFD-specific scaling rules to evaluate (e.g., re-evaluate) one or more measurement parameters (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, number of beams, etc.) to compensate and / or scale the measurement parameters.

[0249] For example, the UE may use the compensation and / or scaling parameters of the second cell to perform a second (eg, new) cell ranking.

[0250] For example, after determining that the second cell has the highest ranking based on the second (e.g., new) cell ranking, the UE may select the second cell. The UE may then perform an initial access procedure (e.g., sending a PRACH transmission to the corresponding gNB) to connect to the selected cell. For example, the UE may report the determined CLI (e.g., along with or as part of a PRACH procedure).

[0251] In 3GPP RAN meeting #94-e, a RAN study item on New Radio (NR) duplex operation was agreed upon. This technology can serve as a foundation for improving traditional TDD operation by enhancing UL coverage, increasing capacity, and reducing latency. Traditional TDD is based on dividing the time domain between uplink and downlink. In NR RElease 18, the feasibility of enabling full duplex, or more specifically, sub-band non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD), at the gNB within the traditional TDD band is being studied.

[0252] Figure 2 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of non-overlapping SBFD time slots. Figure 2 In the example, one or more time slots may be a DL time slot 202, a flexible time slot 204, and / or a UL time slot 206. Figure 2 In the UEFI time frame, there may be one or more SBFD time slots 208, which (eg, each) have one or more DL sub-bands (SBs) 210 and one or more UL SBs 212.

[0253] Currently in TDD NR, transmission of SS / PBCH blocks (SSBs) is only possible in DL symbols, and the WTRU does not expect to be scheduled for UL in SSB symbols. However, in SBFD operation, if SSB symbols are not used for SBFD operation, this may severely impact and degrade SBFD performance.

[0254] Figure 3 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of SBFD operation in an SBFD symbol of an SSB burst. Figure 3 In the UMTS, there may be one or more UL time slots 206 and there may be multiple SBFD time slots 208. The SBFD time slots 208 may (e.g., each) have one or more DL subbands (SBs) 210 and one or more UL SBs 212. The SSBs 302 may have been transmitted in DL symbols of one or more DL SBs 210.

[0255] Figure 4 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of SBFD operation in a downlink (DL) symbol of an SSB burst. Figure 4 In a DL time slot, there may be one or more UL time slots 206, and there may be multiple DL time slots 202. The DL time slots 202 may (eg, each) have an SSB 302 that has been transmitted in a DL symbol of the DL time slot 202.

[0256] During cell selection and / or reselection, the WTRU 102 may perform cell ranking based on RSRP measurements of the cells based on the SSB 302. The WTRU 102 may evaluate the RSRP (e.g., the RSRP of the serving cell) based on the measured RSRP and one or more offset values ​​and parameters.s and / or the R of the neighboring cells n ). The WTRU 102 may search for the strongest cell based on the evaluated RSRP, the number of suitable beams, and the corresponding priorities. In cell selection, once a suitable cell is found, that cell may (e.g., be) selected. In cell (or reselection), once a cell with an evaluation ranking higher than the serving cell is found (e.g., for a certain duration), cell reselection may (e.g., be) performed.

[0257] Supporting SBFD operation in SSB symbols may impact cell selection (or reselection) for legacy WTRUs 102 and / or SBFD-capable WTRUs 102. For example, during SSB-based cell selection, WTRU measurement accuracy and detection performance may be affected due to WTRU-to-WTRU CLI. Figure 5 is a system diagram illustrating an example of a CLI. Figure 5 In the example, WTRU#1 102-a may detect and / or measure SSB 302 (e.g., DL SSB) from a first TRP#1 502-a (e.g., a first cell). WTRU#2 102-c may be performing an UL transmission 504 to a second TRP#2 502-b (e.g., to a second cell). Figure 5 In WTRU#2102-c, WTRU#1102-a can detect (e.g., measure) CLI.

[0258] Currently, the WTRU 102 may assume that the DL energy per resource element (EPRE) remains constant on the secondary synchronization signal (SSS) carried in different SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., for measuring SS-RSRP, SS-RSRQ, SS-SINR, etc.). SBFD operation in SSB symbols may result in a reduction in SSB EPRE, which may affect DL beam / cell coverage due to the reduced and / or non-constant DL Tx EPRE of symbols carrying SSBs. For example, when only half of the DL carriers and / or BWP are available for DL ​​transmission in the DL subband containing (one or more) SSBs, the SSB EPRE may be reduced by 3dB.

[0259] In certain representative embodiments, the cell selection process is described for SBFD operation using SSB symbols.

[0260] In certain representative embodiments, a cell prioritization process is described for SBFD and legacy cells.

[0261] In certain representative embodiments, CLI may be measured (eg, during cell selection and / or cell prioritization) and / or reported (eg, during initial access).

[0262] Beam

[0263] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may transmit and / or receive physical channels and / or reference signals according to at least one spatial domain filter. As used herein, the term "beam" may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter.

[0264] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may transmit a physical channel and / or signal using the same spatial domain filters used to receive RS (e.g., CSI-RS) and / or SS blocks. The WTRU 102 transmission may be referred to as the "target," and the received RS and / or SS blocks may be referred to as the "reference" and / or "source." For example, it may be said that the WTRU 102 transmits the target physical channel and / or signal based on a spatial relationship relative to the RS and / or SS blocks.

[0265] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may transmit a first physical channel and / or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as used to transmit a second physical channel and / or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as a "target" and a "reference" (or "source"), respectively. For example, the WTRU 102 may be said to transmit a first (e.g., target) physical channel or signal according to a spatial relationship relative to a second (e.g., reference) physical channel or signal.

[0266] In certain representative embodiments, the spatial relationship may be implicit, configured by RRC, and / or signaled by MAC CE and / or DCI. For example, the WTRU 102 may implicitly transmit the PUSCH and DM-RS for the PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as used for the SRS, which is indicated by an SRS resource indicator (SRI) indicated in the DCI and / or configured by RRC. For example, the spatial relationship may be configured by RRC for the SRI and / or signaled by MAC CE for the PUCCH. As described herein, the spatial relationship may also be referred to as "beam indication."

[0267] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive a first (e.g., target) DL channel and / or signal based on the same spatial domain filters or spatial reception parameters as a second (e.g., reference) DL channel and / or signal. For example, there may be an association between a physical channel such as a PDCCH or PDSCH and its respective DM-RS. Such an association may exist when the WTRU 102 is configured to have a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption type D between the corresponding antenna ports, at least when the first and second signals are RSs. For example, the association may be configured as a TCI (transmission configuration indicator) state. For example, the association between the CSI-RS and / or SS block and the DM-RS may be indicated to the WTRU 102 by an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and / or signaled by a MAC CE. As described herein, such an indication may also be referred to as a "beam indication."

[0268] Transmit / receive point (TRP)

[0269] As described herein, TRP may be used interchangeably with one or more of TP (transmit point), RP (receive point), RRH (radio remote head), DA (distributed antenna), BS (base station), sector (of a BS) and / or cell (e.g., a geographic cell area served by a BS).

[0270] As described herein, multi-TRP may be used interchangeably with one or more of MTRP, M-TRP and / or multi-TRP.

[0271] Sub-band

[0272] As described herein, a subband can be used to refer to a group of frequency domain resources. For example, a subband can be characterized by any of the following: (1) a group of resource blocks (RBs); (2) a group of RB sets (RB sets), such as when a carrier has an intra-cell guard band; (3) a group of interleaved RBs; (4) a BWP or a portion thereof; and / or (5) a carrier or a portion thereof.

[0273] As an example, a subband may be characterized by a starting RB and a plurality of RBs of a group of consecutive RBs within a BWP. As another example, a subband may (eg, also) be characterized by a value of a frequency domain resource allocation field and / or a bandwidth part index.

[0274] Cross-Division Duplex (XDD)

[0275] As described herein, XDD may be used to refer to subband-wise duplexing (e.g., using either UL or DL ​​per subband). For example, XDD may be characterized by any of the following: (1) cross-split duplexing (e.g., subband-wise FDD within a TDD band); (2) subband non-overlapping full duplexing (SBFD); (3) subband-based full duplexing (e.g., full duplexing because both UL and DL are used / mixed on a symbol / timeslot, but either UL or DL ​​is used for each subband on a symbol / timeslot); (4) frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) of DL / UL transmissions within a TDD spectrum; (5) subband non-overlapping full duplexing (e.g., non-overlapping subband full duplexing); (6) full duplexing other than co-frequency (e.g., spectrum sharing, subband-wise overlapping) full duplexing; and (7) advanced duplexing methods (e.g., other than (pure) TDD or FDD).

[0276] Time Division Duplex

[0277] As described herein, the terms dynamic TDD and / or flexible TDD may be used to refer to a TDD system and / or cell that can dynamically and / or flexibly change, adjust, and / or switch the communication direction (e.g., downlink, uplink, or sidelink, etc.) at a time instance (e.g., time slot, symbol, subframe, etc.). For example, in a system employing dynamic / flexible TDD, a component carrier (CC) or bandwidth part (BWP) may have a single type of "DL," "UL," and "F" on a symbol / time slot, based on an indication of a group-common DCI (e.g., GC-DCI and / or DCI format 2_0) including a slot format indicator (SFI), and / or based on a tdd-UL-DL-config-common / dedicated configuration. For a given time instance (e.g., timeslot and / or symbol), a first gNB (e.g., cell, TRP) employing dynamic / flexible TDD may transmit a downlink signal to a first WTRU 102 in communication with / associated with the first gNB based on a first SFI and / or tdd-UL-DL-config configured / indicated by the first gNB, and a second gNB (e.g., cell, TRP) employing dynamic / flexible TDD may receive an uplink signal transmitted from a second WTRU 102 in communication with / associated with the second gNB based on a second SFI and / or tdd-UL-DL-config configured / indicated by the second gNB. For example, the first WTRU 102 may determine that reception of the downlink signal is interfered with by the uplink signal, where the interference caused by the uplink signal may be referred to as WTRU-to-WTRU CLI.

[0278] Channel State Information (CSI)

[0279] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report a subset of channel state information (CSI) components. For example, the CSI components may correspond to at least a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), an SSB resource indicator (SSBRI), an indication of a panel received at the WTRU 102 (e.g., a panel identifier or a group identifier), measurements such as L1-RSRP, L1-SINR obtained from SSBs or CSI-RS (e.g., cri-RSRP, cri-SINR, ssb-Index-RSRP, ssb-Index-SINR), and / or other channel state information such as any one of a ranking indicator (RI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a layer index (LI), etc.

[0280] Channel and interference measurements

[0281] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block. For example, the SS / PBCH block (SSB) may include any one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and / or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). For example, the WTRU 102 may monitor, receive, or attempt to decode the SSB during any one of initial access, initial synchronization, radio link monitoring (RLM), cell search, and / or cell handover.

[0282] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure and report channel state information (CSI). For example, the CSI (e.g., for each connected mode) may include or be configured with any one of a CSI reporting configuration, a CSI-RS resource set, and / or non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources.

[0283] For example, the CSI report configuration may include any of the following: (1) the number of CSI reports (e.g., channel quality indicator (CQI), ranking indicator (RI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), layer indicator (LI), etc.); (2) the CSI report type (e.g., aperiodic, semi-persistent, periodic); (3) the CSI report codebook configuration (e.g., type I, type II, type II port selection, etc.); and / or (4) the CSI report frequency.

[0284] For example, a CSI-RS resource set may include any of the following: (1) any NZP-CSI-RS resource used for channel measurement; (2) any NZP-CSI-RS resource used for interference measurement; and / or (3) any CSI-IM resource used for interference measurement.

[0285] For example, an NZP CSI-RS resource may be characterized by any of the following: (1) an NZP CSI-RS resource ID; (2) periodicity and / or offset; (3) QCL information and / or TCI state; and / or (4) resource mapping (e.g., number of ports, density, CDM type, etc.). For example, other resources may be similarly characterized.

[0286] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be indicated, determined, and / or configured with one or more RSs. The WTRU 102 may monitor, receive, and / or measure one or more parameters based on the corresponding RSs. For example, one or more of the following may be measured: (1) SS-RSRP; (2) CSI-RSRP; (3) SS-SINR; (4) CSI-SINR; (5) RSSI; (6) CLI-RSSI; (7) SRS-RSRP; (8) SS-RSRQ; (9) CSI-RSRQ. These parameters are non-limiting examples of parameters that may be included in RS measurements. One or more of these parameters may be included and / or excluded. Other parameters may be included and / or excluded.

[0287] For example, SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) can be measured based on synchronization signals (e.g., demodulation reference signal (DMRS) in PBCH and / or SSS). For example, SS-RSRP can be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding synchronization signal. When measuring RSRP, power scaling of the reference signal may be required. In the case where SS-RSRP is used for L1-RSRP, the measurement can be done based on CSI reference signals in addition to synchronization signals.

[0288] For example, CSI-RSRP may be measured based on a linear average over the power contributions of resource elements (REs) carrying corresponding CSI-RS.CSI-RSRP measurements may be configured within measurement resources for configured CSI-RS opportunities.

[0289] For example, the SS signal-to-noise ratio and interference ratio (SS-SINR) can be measured based on synchronization signals (e.g., DMRS in the PBCH and / or SSS). The SS-SINR can be defined as the linear average of the power contribution of the resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contributions. In the case where the SS-SINR is used for the L1-SINR, the noise and interference power measurement can be done based on resources configured by higher layers.

[0290] For example, the CSI-SINR can be measured based on the linear average of the power contribution of the resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding CSI-RS divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contributions. In the case where the CSI-SINR is used for L1-SINR, the noise and interference power measurement can be done based on the resources configured by the higher layer. As another example, the noise and interference power can be measured based on the resources carrying the corresponding CSI-RS.

[0291] For example, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) can be measured based on an average of the total power contributions in the configured (e.g., OFDM) symbols and bandwidth. Power contributions can be received from different resources (e.g., co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc.).

[0292] For example, a cross-layer interference received signal strength indicator (CLI-RSSI) can be measured based on the average of the total power contributions in the configured (e.g., OFDM) symbols of the configured time and frequency resources. Power contributions can be received from different resources (e.g., cross-layer interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc.).

[0293] For example, Sounding Reference Signal RSRP (SRS-RSRP) may be measured based on a linear average over the power contributions of resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding SRS.

[0294] For example, the secondary synchronization signal reference signal received quality (SS-RSRQ) can be measured based on measurements of reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI). In one example, SS-RSRQ can be calculated as a ratio of N×SS-RSRP / NR carrier RSSI, where N can be determined based on the number of resource blocks (e.g., resource blocks in the corresponding NR carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth). For example, the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator can be performed on the same set of resource blocks.

[0295] For example, the CSI reference signal received quality (CSI-RSRQ) can be measured based on measurements of reference signal received power (CSI-RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI). In one example, CSI-RSRQ can be calculated as the ratio of N×CSI-RSRP / CSI-RSSI, where N can be determined based on the number of resource blocks in the corresponding CSI-RSSI measurement bandwidth. For example, the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator can be performed on the same set of resource blocks.

[0296] Authorization and allocation

[0297] In certain representative embodiments, a grant and / or allocation may be characterized by any of the following attributes: (1) a frequency allocation; (2) an aspect of a time allocation, such as duration; (3) a priority; (4) a modulation and coding scheme; (5) a transport block size; (6) a number of spatial layers; (7) a number of transport blocks; (8) a TCI state, CRI, and / or SRI; (9) a number of repetitions; (10) a repetition scheme (e.g., type A or type B); (11) a grant type (e.g., a configured grant type 1, type 2, or dynamic grant); (12) an allocation type (e.g., a dynamic allocation or a semi-persistently scheduled (configured) allocation); (13) an index (e.g., a configured grant index or a semi-persistent allocation index); (14) a configured periodicity of a grant or allocation; (15) a channel access priority level (CAPC); and / or (16) any other parameter provided by MAC or RRC in the DCI for scheduling the grant or allocation.

[0298] In certain representative embodiments, the indication of the DCI may include any of the following: (1) an explicit indication of the DCI field and / or RNTI for masking the CRC of the PDCCH and / or (2) an implicit indication of an attribute, such as the DCI format, DCI size, core set or search space, aggregation level and / or the first resource element of the received DCI (e.g., the index of the first control channel element), where the mapping between the attribute and the value may be signaled by RRC or MAC.

[0299] Signal

[0300] In certain representative embodiments, signal may be used interchangeably to refer to any of the following: (1) sounding reference signal (SRS); (2) channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS); (3) demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); (4) phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS); and / or (5) synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0301] Channel

[0302] In certain representative embodiments, channel may be used interchangeably to refer to any of the following: (1) physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); (2) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); (3) physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); (4) physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and / or (5) physical random access channel (PRACH).

[0303] Other terms

[0304] As described herein, downlink reception may be used interchangeably with Rx opportunity, PDCCH, PDSCH, and / or SSB reception.

[0305] As described herein, uplink transmission may be used interchangeably with Tx opportunity, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, and / or SRS transmission.

[0306] As described herein, RS may be used interchangeably with RS resource, RS resource set, RS port, RS port group, SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, and / or DM-RS.

[0307] As described herein, a time unit may be used interchangeably with a time instance, a duration, a time period, a transmission time interval (TTI) (eg, milliseconds), a slot, a mini-slot symbol, a frame, and / or a subframe.

[0308] As described herein, UL-only and DL-only Tx / Rx opportunities may be used interchangeably with legacy TDD UL or legacy TDD DL, respectively. For example, legacy TDD UL / DL Tx / Rx opportunities may refer to times when SBFD is not configured and / or is disabled.

[0309] As described herein, the term EPRE may be used interchangeably with received signal power, received signal energy, received signal strength, SSBEPRE, CSI EPRE, RSRP, RSSI, SINR, RSRQ, SS-RSRP, SS-RSSI, SS-SINR, SS-RSRQ, CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSSI, CSI-SINR, and CSI-RSRQ.

[0310] In certain representative embodiments, cell selection and reselection procedures are described for cells operating in SBFD and / or non-SBFD modes of operation. Cells operating in SBFD may be prioritized over cells operating in non-SBFD modes. Cell selection and / or reselection procedures may also be performed in preference to (e.g., any) other modes of operation. For example, a cell having a first mode of operation (e.g., a cell of a first type) may be prioritized over a cell operating in a second mode of operation (e.g., a cell of a second type), a cell operating in a third mode of operation (e.g., a cell of a third type), and so on. In some embodiments, the terms SBFD operation and non-SBFD operation may be used interchangeably with the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation, respectively.

[0311] As used herein, the term CLI is used interchangeably with interference.

[0312] As described herein, the terms SSB, SS / PBCH block, PSS, SSS, PBCH, and MIB may be used interchangeably.

[0313] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may implement a process for prioritizing SBFD cells for cell selection and / or cell reselection. For example, SBFD operation in SSB symbols may be utilized. For example, an SSB burst type and an SSB power allocation per RE (EPRE) may be associated, and selective processing of SSB and / or paging information may be performed, such as in the event of signal strength variations due to SBFD operation. For example, the WTRU 102 may perform CLI measurements during cell selection and / or cell reselection for cells utilizing SBFD operation. The WTRU 102 may use one or more scaling rules and / or parameters based on the CLI strength level for the cell selection and / or cell reselection process.

[0314] SBFD operations

[0315] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more types of time resource intervals (e.g., time slots) within a bandwidth. For example, a first type of time interval (e.g., time slot) may be used or determined for a first direction (e.g., downlink). For example, a second type of time interval (e.g., time slot) may be used or determined for a second direction (e.g., uplink). For example, a third type of time interval (e.g., time slot) may have a first set of frequency resources within the bandwidth for the first direction and a second set of frequency resources within the bandwidth for the second direction.

[0316] As used herein, the term bandwidth may be used interchangeably with bandwidth part (BWP), carrier, subband and / or system bandwidth.

[0317] In certain representative embodiments, the first type of time slots (eg, time slots used for the first direction) may be referred to as downlink time slots.

[0318] In certain representative embodiments, the second type of time slots (eg, time slots used for the second direction) may be referred to as uplink time slots.

[0319] In certain representative embodiments, the third type of time slots may be referred to as (eg, non-overlapping) SBFD time slots.

[0320] In certain representative embodiments, a set of frequency resources used for the first direction may be referred to as a downlink subband, a downlink frequency resource, and / or a downlink RB.

[0321] In certain representative embodiments, a set of frequency resources used for the second direction may be referred to as an uplink subband, an uplink frequency resource, and / or an uplink RB.

[0322] For example, a WTRU 102 (e.g., SBFD-enabled) may receive or be configured with one or more SBFD UL or DL ​​subbands in any of the DL, UL, and / or flexible TDD time instances (e.g., symbols, slots, frames, or other transmission time intervals). The WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more resource allocations for the SBFD subbands.

[0323] In certain representative embodiments, the SBFD configuration may include a flag signal (e.g., enabled / disabled). A first value (e.g., zero (0)) may indicate a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD configuration), and a second value (e.g., one (1)) may indicate a second operating mode (e.g., non-SBFD operation). For example, the operating mode (e.g., SBFD and / or non-SBFD) may be indicated via system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), semi-statically (e.g., via RRC), and / or dynamically (e.g., via MAC-CE, DCI). The WTRU 102 may receive time resources (e.g., one or more symbols, time slots, or other transmission time intervals) for which the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD) is defined. The first operating mode may be defined or associated with one or more BWPs, subbands, component carriers (CCs), cells, and / or regions. The WTRU 102 may receive frequency resources (e.g., subbands, BWPs including one or more PRBs) within a (e.g., active and / or linked) BWP for which the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD) is configured. The time instances (eg, time slots, symbols) may be indicated based on periodic, semi-persistent, and / or aperiodic configurations. For example, the time instances may be indicated via a bitmap (eg, a bitmap configuration).

[0324] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a DL TDD configuration for a component carrier (CC) and / or BWP, e.g., for one or more Rx opportunities (e.g., via tdd-UL-DL-config-common / dedicated configuration, slot format indicator (SFI), etc.). When a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD) is configured, the configured frequency resources (e.g., subbands, PRBs, and / or BWPs) may (e.g., also) be configured for the first operating mode (e.g., UL channels / Tx opportunities).

[0325] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with an UL TDD configuration for a component carrier (CC) and / or BWP, e.g., for one or more Tx opportunities (e.g., via tdd-UL-DL-config-common / dedicated configuration, slot format indicator (SFI), etc.) When a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD) is configured, the configured frequency resources (e.g., subbands, PRBs, and / or BWPs) may (e.g., also) be configured for the first operating mode (e.g., DL channels / Rx opportunities).

[0326] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with DL, UL, and / or flexible TDD configurations for component carriers (CCs) and / or BWPs, e.g., for one or more Rx / Tx opportunities (e.g., via tdd-UL-DL-config-common / dedicated configuration, slot format indicator (SFI), etc.). When a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD) is configured, the configured frequency resources (e.g., subbands / PRBs / BWPs) may (e.g., also) be configured for the first operating mode (e.g., UL transmission or DL ​​reception based on the configuration).

[0327] In certain representative embodiments, a duplex mode of a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD configuration (UL / DL)) may be indicated via a flag. For example, a first value (e.g., zero (0)) may indicate the first mode (e.g., UL duplex mode), and a second value (e.g., one (1)) may indicate the second mode (e.g., DL duplex mode).

[0328] For example, the duplex mode configuration and / or flags for the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD) may be configured as part of multiple operating mode configurations, which may be semi-static (e.g., via RRC) or dynamic (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE).

[0329] For example, the duplex mode configuration and / or flag for the first operation mode (eg, SBFD) may be configured as part of the resource allocation configuration for the Tx / Rx opportunity.

[0330] CLI-RSSI measurement

[0331] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured, determined, and / or instructed to perform measurements (e.g., of the CLI-RSSI) within a given time period. For example, the given time period may include one or more time slots, OFDM symbols, resource blocks (RBs), and / or resource elements (REs). The CLI-RSSI that may be measured within a given time / frequency resource may be referred to as L1-CLI-RSSI, short-term CLI-RSSI, aperiodic CLI-RSSI, etc. As described herein, CLI-RSSI, L1-CLI-RSSI, and RSSI may be used interchangeably.

[0332] In certain representative embodiments, one or more RSSI types may be used. The WTRU 102 may be configured to measure one or more RSSI types. For example, a first RSSI type may be based on measurements over a first (e.g., longer) time period (e.g., more than one time slot), and / or the measurements may be reported via higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC, MAC). For example, a second RSSI type may be based on measurements over a second (e.g., shorter) time period (e.g., one time slot, within a time slot, one or more OFDM symbols within a time slot), and / or the measurements may be reported via L1 signaling (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, RACH, SRS). As described herein, RSSI may be used interchangeably with RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR.

[0333] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a set of time / frequency resources for measuring L1-CLI-RSSI. For example, the time / frequency resources used for L1-CLI-RSSI measurement may be referred to as (e.g., a set of) CLI-RSSI Measurement Resources (CRMRs). A CRMR may be a resource configured, determined, defined, and / or characterized by one or more of the following attributes:

[0334] For example, a set of silent REs in a downlink resource (e.g., PDSCH) may be used to configure, determine, define, and / or characterize CRMR. For downlink reception and / or uplink transmission, the silent REs may be rate matched or punctured. A set of silent REs may have the same pattern (e.g., the same time / frequency position) in each RB. Based on the RB position, a set of silent REs may have different patterns. For example, a first pattern may be used for an RB located at the edge of a scheduled RB, and a second pattern may be used for an RB located at the center of a scheduled RB. The first pattern and the second pattern may have different numbers of silent REs. The silent REs may be a form of zero power resource (e.g., CSI-RS and / or ZP-CSI-RS).

[0335] For example, the CRMR may be configured, determined, defined, and / or characterized using a set of REs that are not scheduled or used for the WTRU 102 to measure the CRMR.

[0336] For example, a CRMR may be configured, determined, defined, and / or characterized using a set of REs located in an RB that may be configured or determined as a guard band or guard RB (e.g., a portion of a guard band or guard RB). The guard band or guard RB may be located between uplink and downlink resources. The WTRU 102 may skip receiving or transmitting signals in the guard band.

[0337] For example, the CRMR may be configured, determined, defined, and / or characterized using one or more reference signals (eg, DMRS, SRS, sidelink CSI-RS, etc.).

[0338] For example, the CRMR may be configured, determined, defined, and / or characterized using a second set of DMRS REs within a second CDM group (e.g., within scheduled downlink resources / RBs, such as a PDSCH). The second CDM group may be where the WTRU 102 may receive DCI, thereby scheduling a PDSCH, indicating a first set of DMRS REs corresponding to a first CDM group to be used for receiving the PDSCH. In one example, the WTRU 102 may receive DCI, thereby scheduling a PDSCH, indicating a first set of DMRS REs corresponding to a first CDM group (e.g., based on an indicated DMRS antenna port field of the DCI). In response to receiving the DCI, the WTRU 102 may determine that a second set of DMRS REs within a second CDM group (different from the first CDM group) may be used as a CRMR (e.g., within a scheduled PDSCH).

[0339] For example, the CRMR may be configured, determined, defined, and / or characterized as being located within scheduled resources (eg, scheduled PDSCH RBs).

[0340] For example, a CRMR may be commonly configured, determined, defined, and / or characterized for a group of WTRUs 102 (e.g., nearby WTRUs 102). For example, a gNB may configure a CRMR for a group of WTRUs 102. The group of WTRUs 102 may share any of the following: (1) a group ID (e.g., group-RNTI) for receiving DCI; (2) an area ID (e.g., the area ID may be determined based on the geographic location of the WTRUs 102, such as GNSS) and / or (3) the WTRUs 102 that are paired for sidelink unicast (or multicast) transmissions.

[0341] For example, L1-CLI-RSSI measurements (eg, including CRMR resources) may be considered as CSI reporting quantities. L1-CLI-RSSI measurements may be configured as part of a CSI reporting setup.

[0342] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured, determined, or instructed to perform a delta CLI-RSSI measurement. For example, the delta CLI-RSSI measurement may be based on a first CLI-RSSI measurement (e.g., at a first time / frequency location) and a second CLI-RSSI measurement (e.g., at a second time / frequency location). For example, the delta CLI-RSSI (delta CLI-RSSI) may be the difference between the first CLI-RSSI (e.g., CLI-RSSI1) and the second CLI-RSSI (e.g., CLI-RSSI2), such as delta CLI-RSSI = CLI-RSSI1–CL-RSSI2 or delta CLI-RSSI = CLI-RSSI2–CL-RSSI1. For example, the first CLI-RSSI may be measured from a CRMR resource located at an edge of a scheduling RB, while the second CLI-RSSI may be measured from a CRMR resource located in the middle of the scheduling RB. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a first CRMR resource for the first CLI-RSSI measurement and a second CRMR resource for the second CLI-RSSI measurement. For example, when the measured delta CLI-RSSI is greater than a threshold, the WTRU 102 may determine to report CLI measurement related information. For example, a CLI report may be triggered based on a delta CLI-RSSI measurement greater than a threshold (e.g., a predetermined or configured threshold).

[0343] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured, instructed, and / or determined to measure CLI-RSSI at a per-subband level. For example, the subbands may be configured or predetermined, and the WTRU 102 may perform CLI-RSSI measurements in each subband. For example, the subband size may be determined based on the number of scheduled RBs (e.g., for PDSCH). For example, the WTRU 102 may report CLI-RSSI measurements for any (e.g., all) subbands. For example, the WTRU 102 may report a subset of CLI-RSSIs. The subset of CLI-RSSIs may be determined based on one or more conditions (e.g., a CLI-RSSI value above a threshold, a subband location (e.g., an edge of a scheduled RB), and / or a subband index).

[0344] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine the bandwidth (e.g., wideband or subband) for beam measurement and / or reporting. The bandwidth for beam measurement and / or reporting may be determined based on one or more time unit types (e.g., SBFD or non-SBFD) and / or the presence of CLI-RSSI measurements. For example, the WTRU 102 may report wideband CRI (e.g., wideband beam index) in non-SBFD time units (e.g., symbol, slot, other transmission time interval), and the WTRU 102 may report subband CRI (e.g., subband beam index) in SBFD time units. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the bandwidth for beam measurement and / or reporting based on whether CLI-RSSI is measured in the same time unit (e.g., symbol, slot, other transmission time interval).

[0345] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured, instructed, and / or determined to perform CLI-RSSI measurements in (e.g., specific) frequency locations within one or more scheduled RBs and / or non-scheduled RBs. For example, the frequency location may be one or more of a subband, an RB, and / or a RE. For example, the indication may be a DCI (e.g., in the DCI) that may trigger a CLI-RSSI measurement (e.g., an aperiodic CLI-RSSI measurement). For example, the frequency location may be indicated based on a CRMR resource frequency location. For example, one or more CRMR resources may be configured, and based on the configuration, each CRMR resource may be located at a specific frequency location. The WTRU 102 may be instructed to perform measurements on the CRMR resources indicated in the DCI.

[0346] SS / PBCH blocks and system information

[0347] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission. For example, the PBCH may be part of an SS / PBCH block (SSB). The PBCH transmission may include and / or carry system information. The PBCH may include and / or carry a master information block (MIB). The MIB may refer to the content, information, payload, and / or bits carried by the PBCH transmission. As described herein, the terms PBCH and MIB may be used interchangeably.

[0348] For example, after detecting and / or receiving an SSB (e.g., upon detecting and / or receiving an SSB), the WTRU 102 may use the MIB carried by the SSB (e.g., information indicating time and / or frequency resources of system information) to locate one or more system information blocks (SIBs). A SIB may refer to content, information, payload, and / or bits. In one example, one or more cell selection (or reselection) parameters may be broadcast in a SIB (e.g., SIB1, SIB2, SIB3, etc.), and the WTRU 102 may detect and / or receive the SIB from the serving cell and / or any newly detected cell.

[0349] Cell selection and reselection

[0350] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may perform cell selection (e.g., with or without using stored cell information). For example, the cell information may include one or more frequencies and / or cell parameters. In one example, a cell may be defined as a combination of one or more uplink component carriers (CCs) and one or more downlink CCs. The WTRU 102 may (e.g., previously) store information about one or more cells based on previously received measurement control information elements and / or from previously detected cells. For example, when the WTRU 102 has stored cell information, the WTRU 102 may utilize the stored cell information for cell selection.

[0351] For example, when the WTRU 102 does not have stored information, or if a cell search based on stored information is fruitless, the WTRU 102 may perform an initial cell selection where the WTRU 102 has no prior knowledge of the cell parameters. For example, the WTRU 102 may not know which RF channels are NR frequencies. The WTRU 102 may scan and / or monitor one or more RF channels in the NR band, such as one or more RF channels from a set of RF channels (e.g., based on a synchronization raster frequency), to find a suitable cell. For example, the synchronization raster may indicate the frequency locations of one or more SSBs, which the WTRU 102 may use for system acquisition when there is no explicit signaling of the SSB locations. For example, the WTRU 102 may search to find SSBs corresponding to one or more cells on each frequency channel and / or raster, where the WTRU 102 may select the strongest cell based on measurements of the detected SSBs (e.g., any of RSSI, RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.).

[0352] Evaluation parameters

[0353] As described herein, the term evaluation parameter may be used interchangeably with either evaluating RSRP or evaluating RSRQ. For example, the term evaluation may be interpreted as adjusting, calculating, computing, compensating, scaling, defining, determining, and / or identifying.

[0354] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine an evaluation parameter based on one or more measurement values ​​and / or one or more compensation and / or scaling parameters (e.g., pre-configured, configured, and / or indicated parameters). The WTRU 102 may add, subtract, multiply, and / or divide the one or more measurement values ​​by the one or more compensation and / or scaling parameters to determine a corresponding evaluation parameter value.

[0355] Appropriate community standards

[0356] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may select a suitable cell as a serving cell. For example, the WTRU 102 may use one or more criteria to select a candidate cell as a suitable cell. The WTRU 102 may determine the criteria based on one or more evaluation parameters. The WTRU 102 may determine the evaluation parameters based on one or more of a measured parameter, a compensation value, and / or a scaling rule. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the compensation value and / or scaling rule based on one or more configured and / or indicated offsets, parameters, and / or configured values. In one example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with or determine one or more of the following parameters: (1) a measured cell reception level value; (2) a measured cell quality value; (3) a minimum required measured Rx level and / or quality level in the cell; (4) a compensation value; (5) an evaluated cell selection (reselection) Rx level value; and / or (6) an evaluated cell selection (reselection) quality value.

[0357] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with measured cell reception level values. The WTRU 102 may measure reference signal received power (RSRP), signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), and / or another similar measurement of one or more SSBs, reference signals, and / or channels.

[0358] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a measured cell quality value. The WTRU 102 may measure a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) and / or another similar quality of one or more SSBs, reference signals, and / or channels.

[0359] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a minimum required measured Rx level and / or quality level in a cell. The WTRU 102 may receive, determine, and / or configure one or more parameters and / or offset values ​​to determine the minimum required Rx level (e.g., in dBm) and / or the minimum required quality level (e.g., in dB) in the corresponding cell.

[0360] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more compensation and / or scaling values. The WTRU 102 may receive, determine, or be configured with one or more parameters, offsets, compensation values, and / or scaling values ​​that may be used, for example, upon receipt of an indication, or based on a determination by the WTRU 102 (e.g., based on one or more operating modes, thresholds).

[0361] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with an estimated cell selection (reselection) Rx level value. The WTRU 102 may calculate, estimate, and / or calculate a reception level value (e.g., in dB) based on one or more measurement parameters and / or compensation and / or scaling values. For example, the WTRU 102 may calculate, estimate, and / or calculate a reception level value (e.g., in dB) based on any measured cell reception level value (e.g., Q rxlevmeas ), minimum required measured Rx level (e.g., Q rxlevmin and / or Q rxlevminoffset ), one or more compensation parameters (e.g., P compensation ) and / or one or more temporary offset values ​​(e.g., Qoffset temp ) to calculate the estimated cell selection (re)Rx level value (eg, Srxlev). For example, one such calculation may be expressed as Srxlev = Q rxlevmeas -(Q rxlevmin +Q rxlevminoffset )-P compensation -Q offsettemp ). If the evaluated cell selection (reselection) Rx level value is higher than a configured (e.g., pre-configured) threshold (e.g., Srxlev>0 for cell selection, or Srxlev>SintraSearchP or Srxlev>SnonIntraSearchP for intra-frequency and inter-frequency cell reselection, etc.), the WTRU 102 may select the corresponding cell as one of the candidate suitable cells.

[0362] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with an evaluated cell selection (reselection) quality value. The WTRU 102 may calculate, evaluate, and / or compute a reception quality value (e.g., in dB) based on one or more measurement parameters, compensation values, and / or scaling values. For example, the WTRU 102 may calculate, evaluate, and / or compute a reception quality value (e.g., in dB) based on a measured cell quality value (e.g., Q qualmeas ), minimum required quality level (e.g., Qqualmin and / or Q qualminoffset ) and / or one or more temporary offset values ​​(e.g., Qoffset temp ) to calculate the evaluated cell selection (reselection) quality value (e.g., Squal). For example, one such calculation can be expressed as Squal=Q qualmeas -(Q qualmin +Q qualminoffset )-Q offsettemp ). If the evaluated cell selection (reselection) quality value is higher than a configured (e.g., pre-configured) threshold (e.g., Squal>0, or Squal>SintraSearchQ for intra-frequency and inter-frequency cell reselection, or Squal>SnonIntraSearchQ, etc.), the WTRU 102 may select the corresponding cell as one of the candidate suitable cells.

[0363] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive and / or be configured with one or more compensation and / or scaling parameters, values, settings, and / or rules as criteria for (or reselection of) a cell, for example, via implicit and / or explicit indications. The explicit indications may be via the MIB in the corresponding SSB, the system information block (e.g., SIB1, SIB2, SIB3, SIB4, etc.), semi-static configuration (e.g., via RRC), dynamic indication (e.g., via MAC-CE and / or DCI). The WTRU 102 may determine to use one or more compensation and / or scaling values ​​and / or rules based on the implicit indications. For example, the implicit indications may be based on comparing one or more parameters to corresponding thresholds.

[0364] Cell sorting

[0365] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may perform cell ranking on any (e.g., all) cells (e.g., serving cells and neighboring cells) that the WTRU 102 determines to be candidate suitable cells (e.g., based on one or more cell selection criteria) after measuring and calculating estimated received power and / or estimated quality values. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the cell ranking based on calculating an R value (e.g., using an average RSRP result). The R value may be calculated using one or more of the following values. The following parameters are non-limiting examples of parameters that may be included in the cell ranking calculation and measurement. One or more of these parameters may be included. Other parameters may be included.

[0366] For example, the R value of the serving cell can be calculated as: R s =Q meas,s +Q hyst -Qoffset temp .

[0367] For example, the R value of the adjacent cell can be calculated as R n =Q meas,n -Qoffset-Qoffset temp .

[0368] For example, Qhyst may represent the mobility aspect of the WTRU 102. Qoffset may be configured with different values ​​for intra-frequency and inter-frequency cell selection (reselection), and / or Qmeas may be the measured RSRP amount used in cell selection (reselection).

[0369] For example, the WTRU 102 may reselect a new candidate cell where the new cell has a higher R value than the serving cell within a given time period (eg, during a configured time interval).

[0370] EPRE power allocation

[0371] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine the DL SSB EPRE based on the received SSB DL transmit power. The WTRU 102 may receive, determine, identify, or be provided with the SSB DL transmit power (e.g., from the gNB) (e.g., via the parameter ss-PBCH-block-power provided by higher layers). In one example, the DL transmit power of the SSS may be defined as the linear average of the power contributions (e.g., in [W]) of all resource elements carrying the SSS within the operating system bandwidth.

[0372] Prioritization of SBFD cells using SBFD operation in SSB symbols

[0373] Figure 6is a process diagram illustrating an example of SBFD cell prioritization in cell selection using SBFD operation in SSB symbols. At 602, the WTRU 102 may monitor and scan to find one or more cells suitable for cell selection (e.g., reselection) (e.g., during this period). At 604, the WTRU 102 may determine whether each cell is an SBFD cell or a non-SBFD cell. In certain representative embodiments, SBFD support may be indicated via any of the SSB, MIB, and / or SIB (e.g., SIB1). At 606, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration of the SBFD cell. At 608, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) determine the priority of the SBFD cell (e.g., via the MIB, SIB, and / or RRC). For example, priority level 1 may correspond to a situation where a non-SBFD cell is considered to have the lowest priority. For example, priority level 2 may correspond to a situation where SBFD cells are prioritized (e.g., over non-SBFD cells) using SBFD-specific (e.g., scaling) rules. For example, priority level 3 may correspond to a situation where no priority is given to SBFD cells. At 610, cell ranking may be performed separately for SBFD cells and non-SBFD cells (e.g., if SBFD is prioritized, e.g., for priority level 2). For example, a first list may rank the SBFD cells, and a second list may rank the non-SBFD cells. For example, the SBFD cells may be ranked in a list where cell C1 has the highest rank (e.g., value) among the SBFD cells. For example, the legacy (e.g., non-SBFD) cells may be ranked in a list where cell C2 has the highest rank (e.g., value) among the legacy cells. At 612, if cell C1 has a higher rank (e.g., value) than cell C2, the process may move to 614. At 614, the WTRU 102 may select cell C1 and perform an initial access procedure (e.g., with the corresponding gNB 180) to connect to cell C1. Otherwise, if cell C1 does not have a higher rank (e.g., value) than cell C2, the WTRU 102 may apply compensation and / or scaling rules (e.g., adjust the ranking of cell C1) at 616 and / or 618.

[0374] In certain representative embodiments, at 616, the WTRU 102 may use the EPRE parameters (e.g., Q EPRE) to adjust the ranking of cell C1 using the configured compensation coefficients associated with 616. For example, the EPRE parameter may indicate or otherwise be associated with one or more compensation coefficients that may be used to modify (e.g., adjust) the ranking of cell C1. After performing the compensation at 616, if cell C1 has the highest ranking, the WTRU 102 may select C1 and may perform an initial access procedure (e.g., with the corresponding gNB 180) to connect to cell C1. Otherwise, if, after 616, cell C1 does not have a higher ranking (e.g., value) than cell C2, the WTRU 102 may connect to cell C2 instead.

[0375] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the CLI. At 618, the WTRU 102 may adjust the ranking of cell C1 using scaling rules specific to SBFD (e.g., Qoffset-SBFD). For example, scaling rules specific to SBFD may be used to modify (e.g., adjust) the ranking of cell C1. After performing scaling at 618, if cell C1 has the highest ranking, the WTRU 102 may select C1 and may perform an initial access procedure (e.g., with the corresponding gNB 180) to connect to cell C1. Otherwise, if, after 618, cell C1 does not have a higher ranking (e.g., value) than cell C2, the WTRU 102 may connect to cell C2 instead.

[0376] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may perform compensation at 616 and scaling at 618 to modify the ranking of cell C1.

[0377] like Figure 6 As shown, after measuring the CLI, at 620, the WTRU 102 may report the measured CLI to the corresponding gNB 180 along with (e.g., multiplexed with) the PRACH transmission.

[0378] exist Figure 6 , the WTRU 102 may perform measurements on corresponding transmissions from multiple cells (e.g., from TRPs 502-a, 502-b, 502-c, and 502-d). For illustration purposes only, TRP 502-b is associated with the serving cell of the WTRU 102. The WTRU 102 may determine to select cell C1 as the SBFD cell (e.g., after 616 and / or 618) and perform initial access to TRP 502-c. Cell C1 may be selected (e.g., in preference to) the legacy cell C2 associated with TRP 502-a.

[0379] Determine the operating mode

[0380] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may use received and / or detected SSBs, MIBs, and / or system information (e.g., SIB1, SIB2, etc.) to receive, detect, identify, and / or determine information associated with an operating mode (e.g., SBFD, non-SBFD) of a detected cell. For example, the operating mode may include any of the following: (1) duplex mode; (2) SBFD mode; (3) licensed regime mode; (4) prohibited and / or restricted mode; (5) supported mode; (6) system bandwidth mode; (7) use case mode; and / or (8) power mode.

[0381] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the duplex mode to be any of TDD, FDD, or HD-FDD.

[0382] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine sub-band non-overlapping full-duplex (SBFD) mode or non-SBFD mode.An SBFD-enabled WTRU 102 may determine whether a detected cell supports SBFD operation or whether the detected cell is operating in a non-SBFD mode of operation.

[0383] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the licensing regime mode. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine whether a detected cell is operating with or without a shared spectrum, such as operating in an unlicensed or licensed spectrum, respectively.

[0384] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine a barring of a type of WTRU 102 (e.g., barring access by a certain type of WTRU 102). For example, if indicated (e.g., via the MIB, SIB1, SIB2, etc.), a WTRU 102 of a first type (e.g., a WTRU 102 with limited capabilities, including reduced Rx antennas, a smaller maximum bandwidth supported, or a lower maximum transmit power) may not be allowed to access the cell. Otherwise, the WTRU 102 of the first type may be allowed to access the cell.

[0385] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine support for a particular feature (eg, power saving, carrier aggregation, DRX, etc.) or mode thereof in the network.

[0386] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the system bandwidth (eg, the range of the system bandwidth).

[0387] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the use case (eg, sidelink, Uu, NTN, etc.) or mode thereof.

[0388] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the maximum uplink transmission power or mode thereof.

[0389] Operation mode parameters and settings

[0390] In certain representative embodiments, upon detecting a first operation mode (e.g., SBFD) of a detected cell (e.g., an SBFD-enabled cell), the WTRU 102 may determine information corresponding to the first operation mode via an SSB (e.g., MIB) and / or system information (e.g., SIB1, SIB2, etc.). For example, the WTRU 102 may determine any of the following information for the cell (e.g., the SBFD-enabled cell) having the first operation mode: (1) time / frequency resources; (2) resource configuration for measurement; (3) EPRE parameters and / or offsets; and / or (4) parameters, thresholds, and / or scaling rules.

[0391] For example, the time / frequency resources may be received and / or determined by the WTRU 102. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine any of a time resource, a time unit, and / or a time window (e.g., a symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a millisecond, or other TTI) in which a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) is applied. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine any of a period, a start time, a duration, and / or an end time of the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation). For example, the WTRU 102 may determine a frequency resource (e.g., a carrier, a BWP, and / or a subband) in which the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) is applied. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine any UL and / or DL ​​configuration. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive and / or determine the Tx / Rx direction of the frequency resource indicated for the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) (e.g., a flexible configuration of UL, DL, or SBFD subbands).

[0392] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive and / or determine a resource configuration for measuring channels and / or interference. The WTRU 102 may receive and / or determine one or more time and / or frequency resources to measure interference power and / or strength. In one example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with resources for measuring cross-link interference (CLI). For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a reference signal (e.g., SRS) and resources to measure the received power (e.g., RSRP) from potential interfering resources (e.g., SRS-RSRP from a potential aggressor WTRU 102 causing WTRU-WTRU interference). As another example, the WTRU 102 may receive resources (e.g., zero power (ZP) resources) to measure potential received interference strength (e.g., CLI-RSSI).

[0393] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive and / or determine one or more (e.g., SSB / SSS) EPRE parameters and / or offsets (e.g., Q EPRE For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that the DL SSB EPRE is constant in the frequency domain (e.g., across the bandwidth). For example, a may determine that the DL SSB EPRE may be different in the time domain, such as on SSS carried in different SSBs. As described herein, the term SSB EPRE may be used interchangeably with other RS ​​EPREs (e.g., CSI EPRE, etc.).

[0394] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive, determine, identify, and / or be provided with an SSB EPRE value (e.g., Q EPRE ). The WTRU 102 may receive, determine, or be configured with first SSB EPRE parameters (e.g., Q EPRE_SBFD ). The WTRU 102 may receive, determine, or be configured with second SSB EPRE parameters (eg, Q EPRE_nonSBFD ). Other (e.g., third, fourth, etc.) SSB EPRE parameters can be configured similarly.

[0395] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive, determine, identify, and / or be provided with information regarding the EPRE parameters (e.g., Q EPRE ) indicated by the index. The WTRU 102 may accordingly determine to take corresponding actions into consideration (eg, apply and / or use compensation and / or scaling rules).

[0396] For example, EPRE parameters (e.g., Q EPRE ) may indicate an index to a table of values ​​and / or a set of values ​​representing a ratio of EPRE reduction (e.g., 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, etc.) or a value of reduction (e.g., in dB). The indicated value of the EPRE parameter (Q EPRE ) may be based on a reference value. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured and / or determined to use a second EPRE parameter corresponding to a second operating mode (e.g., non-SBFD operation) as a reference. For example, the SSB EPRE parameters (e.g., Q) used for other operating modes (e.g., SBFD operation) may be used. EPRE_SBFD ) can be determined relative to a reference value (e.g., a second EPRE parameter).

[0397] For example, the reference value may be indicated explicitly (e.g., via MIB, SIB1, SIB2, DCI, MAC-CE, RRC) and / or implicitly. For example, if the corresponding EPRE parameter (QEPRE ) has a (pre-)configured and / or specified value, the WTRU 102 may determine the EPRE parameter (Q EPRE ) is a reference value. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that the SSB EPRE corresponding to the second mode of operation (e.g., non-SBFD operation) is a reference value. The WTRU 102 may determine that the received SSB EPRE of the second mode of operation is a reference. In this way, the WTRU 102 may determine that the received SSB EPRE of the second mode of operation is a reference. EPRE_SBFD ) to determine the SSB EPRE for the first operation mode (eg, SBFD operation).

[0398] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive, determine, identify, and / or be provided with one or more parameters (eg, priority levels), thresholds, and / or scaling rules (eg, specific to SBFD).

[0399] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive, identify, and / or determine an indication regarding one or more cell selection (or reselection) priorities. The WTRU 102 may determine a first priority level for a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) and / or a second priority level for a second operating mode (e.g., non-SBFD operation). The indication may be explicit and / or implicit (e.g., based on WTRU capabilities, latency, coverage, mobility). For example, the WTRU 102 may receive an explicit indication (e.g., from a gNB) via MIB, system information (e.g., SIB1, SIB2, etc.), DCI, MAC-CE, or RRC. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the priority based on one or more WTRU capabilities (e.g., SBFD-enabled WTRU 102) and / or operating modes (e.g., if the WTRU 102 does not receive an explicit indication of the priority level). For example, the WTRU 102 may determine a higher priority for the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) and a lower priority for the second operating mode (e.g., non-SBFD operation). As another example, the WTRU 102 may determine the priority level based on at least one of: latency, coverage, and / or mobility criteria.

[0400] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine a priority level based on one or more thresholds. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that the (e.g., expected) latency is above a corresponding threshold (e.g., the WTRU 102 may determine the requirement based on a corresponding mobility parameter). The WTRU 102 may determine to use and / or consider a higher priority for any cell in a first operating mode with reduced latency (e.g., SBFD operation) as compared to any cell in a second operating mode with potentially higher latency (e.g., non-SBFD operation). As another example, the WTRU 102 may determine that a higher coverage may be required (e.g., based on the WTRU 102's operational and / or mobility requirements). The WTRU 102 may determine to use a higher priority for any cell in a first operating mode with increased coverage (e.g., SBFD operation) as compared to any cell in a second operating mode with potentially lower coverage (e.g., non-SBFD operation).

[0401] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive, identify, determine, or be configured with one or more thresholds for a first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD operation). The WTRU 102 may use any thresholds to determine one or more limits, levels, ranges, and corresponding actions. The WTRU 102 may receive one or more thresholds indicating minimum and / or maximum limits for one or more values. In one example, as described herein, the WTRU 102 may receive thresholds for latency, mobility, CLI measurements, and the like.

[0402] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive, identify, determine, and / or be configured with one or more compensation and / or scaling values ​​and / or rules. The WTRU 102 may use the corresponding values ​​to add, subtract, multiply, and / or divide one or more configured, indicated, and / or determined parameters (e.g., based on one or more rules).

[0403] Determine priority levels

[0404] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive, identify, determine, and / or be provided with one or more priority levels for cells having one or more operating modes (e.g., a first operating mode utilizing SBFD operation). For example, a cell may be associated with multiple priority levels (e.g., a first priority level, a second priority level, and / or a third priority level).

[0405] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive, identify, determine, and / or be provided with a priority level 1 (e.g., a first level) for cells having a first operating mode. Priority level 1 may be associated with a highest priority cell ranking for cells having an operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation). For example, if the WTRU 102 supports the first operating mode (e.g., an SBFD-capable WTRU 102), the WTRU 102 may consider cell selection (or reselection) candidate frequencies for which it cannot receive SBFD operation to be the lowest priority.

[0406] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive, identify, determine, and / or be provided with a priority level 2 (e.g., a second level) for cells having an operating mode. Priority level 2 may be associated with a cell ranking that utilizes scaling and / or compensation for cells having an operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation). For example, if multiple cells having similar priorities meet cell (reselection) criteria, the WTRU 102 may determine to utilize one or more offsets, compensations, and / or scaling rules and parameters to calculate, evaluate, and / or determine a cell ranking for one or more cells having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation).

[0407] For example, if the WTRU 102 is configured and / or determines to apply priority level 2, the WTRU 102 may determine to use one or more (pre-)configured offset values, compensation parameters, and / or scaling rules based on one or more thresholds and configurations for the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation). The WTRU 102 may (re)evaluate the received power and / or strength (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, SINR) and / or received signal quality (e.g., RSRQ) of cells having the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) based on the determined offset values, compensation parameters, and / or scaling rules for further use in cell ranking evaluation.

[0408] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive, identify, determine, and / or be provided with a priority level 3 (e.g., a third level) for cells having an operating mode. Priority level 3 may not be associated with a priority for any cell having an operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation). For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that any cell having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) has the same priority for (re)selection of a cell as other cells (e.g., non-SBFD operation).

[0409] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive an indication of which priority level to select to apply (e.g., for cell selection). For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a start and / or end time and / or duration (e.g., time unit, symbol, time slot or other TTI) to apply one or more priority levels. The indication may be explicit and / or implicit. For example, the indication associated with the priority level may be based on one or more of: an SSB (e.g., MIB), system information (e.g., SIB1, SIB2, etc.), DCI, MAC-CE and / or RRC. For example, the indication associated with the priority level may be (e.g., implicitly) based on an operational state. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more events to trigger, enable, establish and / or allow the WTRU 102 to consider a priority level for cell selection (reselection) from any cell having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation). The WTRU 102 may determine one or more states or events as criteria for determining a priority level (e.g., a mobility state of the WTRU 102 having normal and / or low mobility (e.g., a speed below a first threshold), medium mobility (e.g., a speed above a first threshold and below a second threshold), or high mobility (e.g., a speed above a second threshold)).

[0410] For example, if the WTRU 102 determines that the WTRU 102 is in a first state (e.g., a high mobility state), the WTRU 102 may determine to consider a first priority level (e.g., priority level 1). If the WTRU 102 determines that the WTRU 102 is in a second state (e.g., a medium mobility state), the WTRU 102 may determine to consider a second priority level (e.g., priority level 2). If the WTRU 102 determines that the WTRU 102 is in a third state (e.g., a normal and / or low mobility state), the WTRU 102 may determine to consider a third priority level (e.g., priority level 3). For example, the use of mobility state may be used interchangeably and / or in combination with other events or states (e.g., coverage state, latency state, etc.).

[0411] Cell ranking with prioritized cells in operating mode

[0412] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may implement and / or perform (re)selection of cells by performing separate cell ranking procedures on one or more separate lists, wherein the WTRU 102 may select, determine, and / or identify the lists based on the operating mode. For example, the separate cell ranking procedures may be based on different criteria (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, RSSI, number of beams, etc. as described herein). For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that a first list includes the cell ranking of any cells operating in a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation), a second list includes the cell ranking of cells operating in a second operating mode (e.g., non-SBFD operation), and so on.

[0413] For example, the WTRU 102 may perform cell ranking separately for each cell list. After performing the separate cell rankings, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more highest-ranked cells in a first list (e.g., cells operating with SBFD), one or more highest-ranked cells in a second list (e.g., cells operating without SBFD), and so on. The WTRU 102 may receive an (explicit and / or implicit) indication (e.g., configuration) indicating that the WTRU 102 may (e.g., should) selectively consider and / or apply the first list (e.g., may select only one highest-ranked cell in the first list) or the second list (e.g., may select only one highest-ranked cell in the second list) based on the indication. Selective consideration of different lists may provide benefits in terms of flexibility and / or efficiency, as the gNB (e.g., the network) may select (e.g., dynamically) the cell ranking process based on the first list or the second list (e.g., depending on changing traffic conditions, WTRU congestion per cell, load balancing purposes, etc.). The WTRU 102 may determine and / or receive (explicit and / or implicit) indications (e.g., configurations) that the WTRU 102 may (e.g., should) consider and / or apply both the first list and the second list to select the ultimate highest cell or cells across both lists (e.g., each list having a pre-selected highest ranked cell or cells).

[0414] As another example, the WTRU 102 may perform cell ranking jointly (e.g., in a single list) for any cells having different operating modes. After performing the cell ranking, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more highest ranked cells having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation), one or more highest ranked cells having a second operating mode (e.g., non-SBFD operation), and so on.

[0415] Joint cell selection for cells with different operation modes

[0416] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may select a cell (e.g., a suitable and / or strongest cell) for cell selection and / or reselection based on a joint optimization and / or selection of cells having different operating modes (e.g., with or without SBFD operation). For example, the WTRU 102 may select, indicate, identify, and / or determine a first cell (e.g., C1) from a first list (e.g., the highest ranked cell from the first list) and / or from any cell having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation). For example, the WTRU 102 may select, indicate, identify, and / or determine a second cell (e.g., C2) from a second list (e.g., the highest ranked cell from the second list) and / or from any cell having a second operating mode (e.g., non-SBFD operation), and so on.

[0417] For example, the WTRU 102 may compare the cell rankings of two or more selected cells (e.g., C1 and C2). The WTRU 102 may determine that the calculated, evaluated, and / or determined ranking of a cell with a higher priority level (e.g., C1 operating with SBFD) has a higher ranking than the calculated, evaluated, and / or determined ranking of a cell with a lower priority level (e.g., C2 operating with non-SBFD). The WTRU 102 may select the cell with the higher priority level and the higher ranking as the (re)selected cell. The WTRU 102 may perform initial access to the selected cell (e.g., sending a PRACH to the corresponding gNB).

[0418] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that a calculated, evaluated, and / or determined ranking of a cell having a higher priority level (e.g., C1, e.g., operating with SBFD) has a lower ranking than a calculated, evaluated, and / or determined ranking of a cell having a lower priority level (e.g., C2, e.g., operating without SBFD). The WTRU 102 may determine to re-evaluate the cell ranking of the cell having the higher priority level (e.g., C1, e.g., operating with SBFD) by considering one or more backoff and / or scaling rules.

[0419] Compensation and scaling rules for prioritized cell sorting

[0420] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine to use one or more compensation and / or scaling rules (or parameters) to enhance cell ranking in order to prioritize cells having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation). The compensation and / or scaling may be applied before and / or after performing cell ranking. For example, when evaluating a first cell (e.g., C1) for cell selection during a periodic search for a cell having a first operating mode (e.g., an SBFD cell), such as when the WTRU 102 is camped on a cell having a second operating mode (e.g., a non-SBFD cell), the WTRU 102 may use a compensation and / or scaling value and / or offset.

[0421] For example, the WTRU 102 may evaluate (e.g., re-evaluate) the received signal power (e.g., RSRP, SINR, RSSI) and / or the received signal quality (e.g., RSRQ) based on one or more compensation and / or scaling parameters, offsets, and / or values specifically received, configured, and / or indicated for a cell having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation). The WTRU 102 may calculate an addition, subtraction, multiplication, and / or division (e.g., applying a function) of a parameter (e.g., RSRP, SINR, RSSI, RSRQ, etc.) used for cell ranking with one or more compensation and / or scaling parameters to determine the corresponding (re-)evaluated parameter.

[0422] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine and / or receive an indication that the value of a first parameter may reduce an indicated ratio, coefficient, and / or fraction, such as the coefficient a satisfies 0 < a < 1) (e.g., the EPRE value is halved due to an EPRE reduction in SBFD operation). The WTRU 102 may receive an implicit and / or explicit indication via any one of the MIB, system information, DCI, MAC CE, and / or RRC. For example, the indication may reference and / or act as an index to a list or table of values (e.g., from which values may be used to compensate and / or scale the first parameter). As an example, the WTRU 102 may use a corresponding compensation and / or scaling coefficient (e.g., coefficient b = 1 / a) to determine a multiplication of the evaluated and / or measured first parameter. As another example, the WTRU 102 may determine and / or receive an indication that the value of a first parameter may reduce an indicated value (e.g., in dB) (e.g., the EPRE value is reduced by 3 dB due to an EPRE reduction in SBFD operation). The WTRU 102 may determine to add the evaluated and / or measured first parameter to the corresponding compensation and / or scaling value (e.g., 3 dB).

[0423] Low cell ranking due to EPRE reduction

[0424] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine and / or receive an indication and / or configuration that received (e.g., SSB) EPRE in a first cell (e.g., C1) having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) is reduced, lowered, attenuated, and / or discarded by a determined, configured, and / or indicated value (e.g., EPRE value is reduced by 3 dB due to SBFD operation in SSB symbols). The WTRU 102 may determine and / or receive an indication and / or configuration that received (e.g., SSB) EPRE in a first cell (e.g., C1) having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) is reduced, lowered, attenuated, and / or discarded by a determined, configured, and / or indicated value (e.g., EPRE value is reduced by 3 dB due to SBFD operation in SSB symbols). EPRE The WTRU 102 may determine, identify, and / or receive the indication and / or configuration (e.g., from the gNB). The WTRU 102 may receive the corresponding parameters semi-statically (e.g., via RRC), dynamically (e.g., via MAC-CE and / or DCI), via SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., via MIB), and / or via system information blocks (e.g., SIB1, SIB2, etc.).

[0425] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the EPRE parameters (e.g., Q EPRE ) is an index (e.g., for a table or list). The index can represent a value (e.g., in a unit of measurement, such as [W] or in dB). The index can (e.g., also) represent one or more coefficients, offset values, and / or scaling values ​​to be added, subtracted, multiplied, or divided by the measured, calculated, and / or evaluated EPRE value. For example, the one or more scaling and / or offset values ​​to be added and / or subtracted from the corresponding parameter can be positive and / or negative values ​​(e.g., -1 dB, +3 dB, etc.). For example, the one or more coefficients, scaling, and / or offset values ​​to be multiplied and / or divided from the corresponding parameter can be positive and / or negative values ​​(e.g., 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, etc.).

[0426] Low cell ranking due to interference

[0427] In certain representative embodiments, during cell selection and / or reselection, the WTRU 102 may determine, detect, and / or measure received interference (e.g., CLI) of a cell having a first operating mode (e.g., an SBFD cell). For example, the WTRU 102 may measure the power and / or strength of potential received interference (e.g., L1 / L2 CLI-RSSI, SRS-RSRP, etc.). For example, the WTRU 102 may measure the interference (e.g., CLI) power and / or strength and SS / PBCH block reception. The WTRU 102 may receive resources for measuring the interference (e.g., CLI) power and / or strength via an indication and / or configuration (e.g., via MIB, SIB, DCI, MAC-CE, and / or RRC).

[0428] For example, after measuring and / or determining the interference power and / or strength (e.g., CLI) of a first cell (e.g., an SBFD cell) having a first operating mode, the WTRU 102 may determine to use one or more compensation offsets, values, and / or parameters and / or one or more scaling offsets, values, and / or parameters (e.g., Qoffset-SBFD). As an example, the compensation and / or scaling offsets, values, and / or parameters may be specific to the cell (e.g., the SBFD cell) having the first operating mode. The WTRU 102 may determine to use the compensation and / or scaling offsets, values, and / or parameters based on the measured interference and one or more thresholds. For example, when the measured and / or determined interference power and / or strength is within a first range, the WTRU 102 may determine to use one or more first compensation and / or scaling offsets, values, and / or parameters (e.g., Qoffset-SBFD1). When the measured and / or determined interference power and / or strength is within a second range, the WTRU 102 may determine to use one or more second compensation and / or scaling offsets, values, and / or parameters (e.g., Qoffset-SBFD2), and so on.

[0429] Cell selection

[0430] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine to evaluate and / or re-evaluate received signal power, strength, and / or quality (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, SINR, RSRQ, etc.) of a first cell (e.g., C1) having a first operating mode (e.g., an SBFD cell). The evaluation and / or re-evaluation may be based on measured parameters and one or more corresponding configured and / or determined compensation and / or scaling values.

[0431] For example, the WTRU 102 may perform cell ranking based on the evaluated (or re-evaluated) parameters. The WTRU 102 may determine that the cell ranking based on the parameters has resulted in a first cell (e.g., C1) having the highest and / or strongest cell ranking. The WTRU 102 may select the first cell (e.g., C1) as the serving cell.

[0432] Upon selecting the first cell, the WTRU 102 may transmit a random access channel (eg, a PRACH preamble) to the selected first cell to connect to the selected first cell.

[0433] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine to send and / or report the measured interference to the selected first cell, for example, as part of a random access procedure (e.g., via Msg3 or MsgA) and / or via a measurement report after connecting to the selected first cell (e.g., during connected mode).

[0434] Inter-frequency cell reselection

[0435] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may perform cell reselection, for example, across multiple NR inter-frequencies and / or inter-radio access technology (inter-RAT) frequencies. The WTRU 102 may determine and / or apply a priority for any (e.g., each) inter-frequency and perform cell reselection based on the priority and measurement results (e.g., Srxlev, Squal) applicable to the corresponding inter-frequency.

[0436] Frequency priority using SBFD

[0437] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine the priority of a frequency (e.g., a range) based on whether the frequency is configured for SBFD operation. For example, the WTRU 102 may obtain such a configuration from system information and / or from RRC (e.g., an RRC connection release message). For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that a frequency is a high (e.g., highest) priority frequency if the frequency is configured for SBFD operation. The WTRU 102 may make this determination based on (e.g., only under the following conditions) that the WTRU 102 supports SBFD operation. As another example, the WTRU 102 may determine that a frequency is a low (e.g., lowest) priority frequency if the frequency is configured for SBFD operation and if the WTRU 102 does not support SBFD operation.

[0438] CLI-based criteria for inter-frequency cell reselection

[0439] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may consider CLI measurements associated with a SBFD cell or for at least one SBFD cell as criteria for inter-frequency cell reselection.

[0440] For example, the WTRU 102 may perform cell reselection to a cell using a lower priority frequency than the serving frequency, e.g., if during the time interval, the CLI of the serving cell is above a first threshold, and if the CLI of the cell of the lower priority frequency is below a second threshold (or undefined). In the case where the cell is not a SBFD cell, the WTRU 102 may assume that the CLI is not defined.

[0441] For example, the WTRU 102 may perform cell reselection to a cell on a higher priority frequency than the serving frequency if (and only if) the CLI of the cell on the higher priority frequency is below a (e.g., third) threshold during a time interval. This criterion may be combined with another criterion based on reception level (e.g., Srxlev) and / or reception quality (e.g., Squal).

[0442] For example, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., only) perform cell reselection if more than a certain duration (e.g., 1 second) has elapsed since the WTRU 102 camped on the current serving cell. This may reduce the chances of causing frequent cell reselections back and forth between two cells (e.g., to avoid a ping-pong effect). For example, the duration of the first, second, and / or third thresholds and / or time intervals may be signaled by system information and / or other RRC information.

[0443] Correlation between SSB burst type and SSB power allocation

[0444] In certain representative embodiments, for example, in an SSB configuration, the transmit power of the SSB may be configured, indicated, and / or broadcast. For example, the (e.g., indicated) transmit power (e.g., in dBm) may be associated with one or more of a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), PBCH DMRS, and / or PBCH data (e.g., ss-PBCH-block power). As described herein, SSS EPRE may be used interchangeably with SSB EPRE, PSS EPRE, SS / PBCH block EPRE, and / or SSB transmit power.

[0445] In certain representative embodiments, any of the following assumptions may be made for SS-RSRP, SS-RSRQ, SS-SINR measurements, and / or any SSB-based measurements. The WTRU 102 may assume that the ratio of PSS EPRE to SSS EPRE is a number or value, such as in dB (e.g., 0 dB or 3 dB). The WTRU 102 may assume that the DL SSB EPRE is constant across the bandwidth. The WTRU 102 may assume that the DL EPRE is constant across the SSS in different SSBs. The WTRU 102 may assume that the ratio of SSS EPRE to PBCH DMRS EPRE is a number (e.g., 0 dB).

[0446] In certain representative embodiments, the transmission power of the CSI-RS may be configured, indicated, and / or determined based on at least one of an SSB transmission power (e.g., ss-PBCH-block power) and / or an offset (e.g., powerControlOffsetSS). For example, the transmission power of the CSI-RS may be assumed for CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSRQ, CSI-SINR, and any CSI-RS-based measurement. For example, the CSI-RS may include at least one of an NZP-CSI-RS, a ZP-CSI-RS, a sidelink CSI-RS, a tracking reference signal, and / or other RS.

[0447] As described herein, SSB burst type and SSB burst class may be used interchangeably.

[0448] SSB burst power allocation

[0449] In certain representative embodiments, the SSS EPRE may be determined based on an associated SSB burst. For example, an SSB burst may be a group of SSBs within a time period (e.g., 5 milliseconds). For example, the period of an SSB (or SSB burst) may be configured via higher layer signaling (e.g., ssb-PeriodicityServingCell). For example, the WTRU 102 may determine and / or assume that any of the following may apply to the SSS EPRE:

[0450] For example, the WTRU 102 may assume and / or determine that the SSS EPRE may be constant across one or more SSBs in an SSB burst. For example, the SSS EPRE may be different across one or more SSBs in different SSB bursts. The SSS EPRE may be determined based on information related to the associated SSB burst. The SSB burst-related information may include any of the following: (1) a time / frequency location of the SSB burst; (2) an index of the SSB burst (e.g., the SSB burst index may be determined based on the time / frequency location of the SSB burst); (3) information provided or indicated in the MIB (or data in the PBCH), including but not limited to an SFN number, a subcarrier offset, and / or a DMRS type A location; and / or (4) an SSB transmit power (e.g., ss-PBCH-block power) for each SSB burst.

[0451] For example, the WTRU 102 may assume and / or determine that the SSB EPRE may be constant across one or more SSBs in a group of SSB bursts. For example, the WTRU 102 may assume that the SSS EPRE may be different across one or more SSBs in different SSB burst groups. A group of SSB bursts may be used interchangeably with a type of SSB burst, a subset of SSB bursts, a group of SSB bursts, and / or a list of SSB bursts. For example, a higher layer configuration provided by the gNB may indicate a first group of SSB bursts associated with a first SSS EPRE value, a second group of SSB bursts associated with a second SSS EPRE value, and so on.

[0452] For example, one or more groups of SSB bursts can be determined based on one or more system parameters, including a synchronization raster, a BWP identity, a cell identity (e.g., a physical cell identity), a subcarrier spacing, an SFN associated with the SSB burst, an SFN indicated in the MIB, a subframe number associated with the SSB burst, and / or at least one of a radio frame number associated with the SSB burst.

[0453] For example, a time window may be configured, predetermined, and / or used, and if a symbol having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD) appears in the time window, then an SSB burst within the time window may be determined to be a first type of SSB burst (e.g., otherwise the SSB burst may be determined to be a second type of SSB burst). The time window may be configured independently of the SSB burst period. The time window may be an integer multiple of the SSB burst period.

[0454] For example, one or more groups of SSB bursts may be determined based on a configuration of a cell having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation). For example, a group of SSB bursts may be determined based on information (e.g., in the configuration) indicating any one of a time slot, a symbol, a frequency resource, a periodicity, and / or a transmission power associated with the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD).

[0455] For example, an SSB transmission power (eg, ss-PBCH-block power) may be provided for each group of SSB bursts.

[0456] For example, the WTRU 102 may assume and / or determine that the SSS EPRE is constant across bandwidths, across SSBs, and / or across SSB bursts in a cell having a second operating mode (e.g., a cell that does not support SBFD). For example, the WTRU 102 may assume that the SSS EPRE is constant across SSBs in an SSB burst, and that the SSS EPRE may be different (e.g., different BWPs) across SSB bursts and / or bandwidths in a cell having a first operating mode (e.g., a cell that supports SBFD). The operating mode may be indicated based on explicit and / or implicit indications.

[0457] For example, the explicit indication may be an operating mode. The operating mode (e.g., a cell supporting SBFD) may be indicated via one or more higher layer signaling (e.g., MIB, SIB, RRC, MAC-CE). The operating mode may be indicated based on a pattern and / or a bitmap, for example, where a bit having a first value (e.g., one (1)) may indicate a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) and a bit having a second value (e.g., zero (0)) may indicate a second operating mode (e.g., non-SBFD operation).

[0458] The implicit indication of the operating mode may include any of the following. For example, the implicit indication of the operating mode (e.g., a cell supporting SBFD) may be determined based on the frequency position of the SSB (e.g., an associated frequency raster, synchronization raster, BWP identity, etc.). For example, the implicit indication of the operating mode may be determined based on time units and / or windows (e.g., symbols, time slots, or other TTIs) for which the first or second operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) is performed, supported, and / or used (e.g., the second or first operating mode may be used, performed, and / or supported in the remaining time units, respectively). The operating mode may be determined based on whether the associated SSB overlaps with the time units and / or windows (e.g., symbols, time slots, or other TTIs) of the first or second operating mode.

[0459] In certain representative embodiments, one or more SSS EPRE values ​​may be used. The WTRU 102 may determine one of the SSS EPRE values ​​for the SSB in an SSB burst based on one or more conditions of the associated SSB burst. For example, a first SSS EPRE value may be used and / or assumed for the SSB in an SSB burst when the SSB burst satisfies a first set of conditions, and / or a second SSS EPRE value may be used and / or assumed for the SSB in another SSB burst when the SSB burst satisfies a second set of conditions.

[0460] For example, a first SSS EPRE value may be used and / or assumed if the associated SSB burst satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (1) the SSB burst is in (e.g., from) a cell having a first operating mode (e.g., a cell supporting SBFD); (2) at least one OFDM symbol of an SSB in the SSB burst contains an operation having the first mode (e.g., an SBFD symbol and / or an SBFD resource); (3) at least one of the time / frequency resources used for the SSB in the SSB burst has a reduced transmission power due to the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation); and / or (4) the SSB burst is configured or determined to be a first type of SSB burst and / or a first group of SSB bursts.

[0461] For example, a second SSS EPRE value may be used and / or assumed if the associated SSB burst satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (1) the SSB burst is in (e.g., from) a cell with a second operating mode (e.g., a cell that does not support SBFD); (2) an SSB burst is in a cell with a first operating mode (e.g., a cell that supports SBFD), where none of the OFDM symbols of the SSBs in the SSB burst contain the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD symbols and / or SBFD resources); and / or (3) the SSB burst is in (e.g., from) a cell with a first operating mode (e.g., a cell that supports SFBD), but the SSB burst is configured or determined as a second type of SSB burst and / or a second group of SSB bursts.

[0462] For example, the first SSS EPRE value may be configured or indicated as an absolute value via higher layer signaling (e.g., an RRC parameter such as ss-PBCH-block power). For example, the second SSS EPRE value may be configured and / or indicated as an offset value (e.g., Q EPRE ).

[0463] For example, the SSS EPRE value may be determined based on the SSB burst category. The WTRU 102 may determine one or more SSB burst categories based on potential overlap of SSB symbols with other symbols operating in the first and / or second operating modes. For example, the SSB burst categories may include one or more of the following: (1) Category 1; (2) Category 2; and / or Category 3. For example, Category 1 may refer to a case where the number of OFDM symbols of SSBs in an SSB burst that overlap with SBFD symbols is equal to or greater than a threshold. For example, Category 1 may refer to a case where all OFDM symbols of SSBs in an SSB burst overlap with symbols having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD symbols). For example, Category 2 may refer to a case where the number of OFDM symbols of SSBs in an SSB burst that overlap with symbols having a first operating mode (e.g., SFBD symbols) is greater than 0 and less than a threshold. For example, Category 2 may refer to a case where a subset of the OFDM symbols of SSBs in an SSB burst overlaps with symbols having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD symbols). For example, category 3 may mean that no overlap is provided between OFDM symbols of SSBs and symbols having the first operation mode (eg, SBFD symbols) in an SSB burst.

[0464] Correlation with other downlink signals and channels

[0465] In certain representative embodiments, an EPRE ratio between the SSS and other SSB signals in the SSB (e.g., PBCH DMRS, PBCH data, and / or PSS) may be determined based on one or more of the following. For example, the WTRU 102 may assume that the EPRE of the other SSB signals in the SSB is the same as the SSS EPRE when one or more of the following conditions are met: (1) the WTRU 102 is camped on a cell that does not support the first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD operation); (2) the associated SSB burst is an SSB burst of the second type; (3) the WTRU 102 is configured with the first mode of operation, e.g., where the gNB indicates that the EPRE of all signals in the SSB is constant (e.g., except for the PSS); and / or (4) all OFDM symbols in the SSB overlap with symbols with the first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD symbols).

[0466] For example, the WTRU 102 may assume that any EPRE of other SSB signals in an SSB may be different from the SSS EPRE when one or more of the following conditions are met: (1) the WTRU 102 resides on a cell that supports a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation); (2) the associated SSB burst is a first type of SSB burst (e.g., at least one OFDM symbol of the SSB in the SSB burst overlaps with any SFBD symbol); (3) the WTRU 102 is configured with a second operating mode, e.g., where the gNB indicates that the EPRE of each signal in the SSB is determined based on one or more conditions; and / or (4) a subset of OFDM symbols in the SSB overlaps with symbols having the first operating mode (e.g., SBFD symbols).

[0467] For example, the EPRE of other SSB signals (e.g., PBCH DMRS, PBCH data, and / or PSS) in the SSB may be determined based on at least one of the following. One or more EPRE values ​​may be used, and the WTRU 102 may determine the EPRE value for the signal or channel in the SSB. For example, the SSS EPRE may be determined based on the type of the associated SSB burst. In one example, the EPRE of the PBCH DMRS and / or PBCH data may be determined based on whether at least one of the OFDM symbols of the PBCH and / or PBCH data overlaps with a symbol having a first operating mode (e.g., an SBFD symbol). In another example, the EPRE of the PBCH DMRS and / or PBCH data may be determined based on a higher layer configuration (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC-CE) of the first type of SSB burst.

[0468] For example, one or more EPRE offsets (Q EPRE，1 , Q EPRE，2etc.) may be used. For example, a (first) EPRE offset may be used for a first SSB signal (for example, PSS and / or SSS). For example, a (second) EPRE offset may be used for a second SSB signal (for example, PBCH DMRS and / or PBCH data).

[0469] In certain representative embodiments, an EPRE ratio between a CSI-RS and an SSB may be determined based on a reference SSB burst (e.g., a first type of SSB burst). One or more of the following may apply. For example, the EPRE of the CSI-RS may be determined based on a power offset from a reference SSB (or reference SSB burst). The power offset may be indicated via higher layer signaling (e.g., powerControlOffsetSS), and / or the reference SSB (or SSB burst) may be determined implicitly or explicitly. The reference SSB (or SSB burst) may be indicated in higher layer signaling. The reference SSB may be determined implicitly. For example, a first SSB burst (e.g., a first type of SSB burst) may be determined as a reference, e.g., when at least one of the symbols of the CSI-RS overlaps with a symbol having a first operating mode (e.g., an SBFD symbol), and / or a second SSB burst (e.g., a second type of SSB burst) may be determined as a reference, e.g., when the CSI-RS does not overlap with a symbol having the first operating mode (e.g., an SBFD symbol).

[0470] Selective processing of SSB and paging information

[0471] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may perform selective processing of SSB and / or paging information based on signal strength variations, such as those caused by SBFD operation.

[0472] SSB and paging signal strength changes

[0473] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine that an SSB and / or SSB burst overlaps with one or more symbols having a first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD operation), a second mode of operation (e.g., non-SBFD operation), etc. For example, the order of the SSBs and / or SSB bursts having any (e.g., first, second, etc.) mode of operation may be configured (e.g., pre-configured). For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that one (e.g., one out of N) of each one or more SSB bursts is in the first mode, the second mode, etc., respectively. For example, the SSBs and / or SSB bursts having the first, second, etc. modes of operation may repeat in a periodic pattern.

[0474] In certain representative embodiments, after determining the operating mode of one or more SSBs and / or SSB bursts, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more parameters for the first, second, etc. operating modes, such as for measuring SSS EPRE (e.g., SSS EPRE parameter Q EPRE For example, the WTRU 102 may determine to use a first SSS EPRE parameter (e.g., Q EPRE-1 ) to measure and / or determine the SSS EPRE of one or more SSBs that overlap with symbols in the first mode of operation. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the SSS EPRE using a second SSS EPRE parameter (e.g., Q EPRE-2 ) to measure and / or determine the SSS EPRE of one or more SSBs that overlap with symbols in the second mode of operation, etc. As an example, the WTRU 102 may determine a change and / or variation in the measured RSRP for the same SSB (e.g., SSB index) despite receiving a different SSB EPRE value.

[0475] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine to apply and / or use one or more scaling rules and / or compensation values ​​for the SSS EPRE measured for the associated SSB. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the SSS EPRE parameter (Q EPRE ) and / or determine to apply one or more scaling rules (e.g., addition, multiplication, etc.) according to the corresponding SSB burst category (e.g., SSB burst category 1, 2 or 3).

[0476] Skip monitoring of SSB and paging occasions

[0477] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine to perform selective monitoring for one or more types of SSB and / or paging signaling. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine to skip (e.g., any) SSB burst opportunities that overlap with one or more symbols having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation). For example, the WTRU 102 may monitor to detect and / or measure SSS EPRE for (e.g., only) SSB and / or paging signaling received in symbols corresponding to a second operating mode (e.g., non-SBFD operation).

[0478] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that a determined and / or measured first SSS EPRE is below a first threshold for one or more SSBs in an SSB burst that overlaps with a symbol having a first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD operation). The WTRU 102 may determine that an SSB burst that overlaps with a symbol having a first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD operation) and / or with a similar or identical SSS EPRE may have a lower SSB signal strength that may be suitable for the WTRU 102 (e.g., during cell selection (or reselection)).

[0479] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine a configured (e.g., pre-configured) parameter (e.g., Q) for measuring and / or determining a first SSS EPRE for an SSB having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation) based on a second SSS EPRE value for the SSB (e.g., having a second operating mode (e.g., non-SBFD operation)). EPRE ) is below the second threshold. The WTRU 102 may determine that the WTRU 102 has the same or similar SSS EPRE parameters (e.g., Q EPRE ) may have a lower SSB and / or SSS signal strength applicable to the WTRU 102 (e.g., during cell selection (reselection)).

[0480] The WTRU 102 may determine to (e.g., only) monitor, detect, and / or measure SSBs and / or paging signals for which the measured signal strength is above a corresponding threshold. The WTRU 102 may perform selective SSB and / or paging monitoring and / or measurement as a lower complexity process and / or for more efficient power conservation. For example, a WTRU 102 with lower coverage (e.g., a cell-edge WTRU 102) may determine to skip measuring SSBs and / or paging signals that overlap with symbols having a first operating mode (e.g., SBFD operation).

[0481] Reports signal strength level

[0482] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may indicate and / or report (e.g., to the gNB) any corresponding SSB and / or paging signal strength levels based on one or more operating modes. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine, indicate, and / or report a first SSS EPRE (e.g., strength) value for a first operating mode. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine, indicate, and / or report a second SSS EPRE (e.g., strength) value for a second operating mode, and so on. In one example, the WTRU 102 may determine, identify, indicate, and / or report a first SSS EPRE (e.g., strength) value and / or threshold above which the WTRU 102 may be able to detect one or more suitable SSB and / or paging signals (e.g., during cell selection (or reselection)). As another example, the WTRU 102 may indicate a second SSS EPRE (e.g., strength) value and / or threshold above which the WTRU 102 may monitor, detect, and / or measure SSB and / or paging signals. The WTRU 102 may indicate that the WTRU 102 may skip monitoring and / or measuring SSB and / or paging signals having SSS EPRE strengths lower than the first and / or second SSS EPRE levels determined and / or reported. In this manner, the WTRU 102 may indicate and / or report acceptable and / or preferred signal strength levels for selectively monitoring and / or measuring SSB and / or paging signals. For example, the WTRU 102 may indicate and / or report information indicating any one of an EPRE strength value, an EPRE offset value, and / or an operating mode.

[0483] For example, the WTRU 102 may report information indicating an EPRE strength value, which the WTRU 102 may consider as a threshold value for acceptable signal strength. The WTRU 102 may report the actual value (e.g., in dB) and / or the WTRU 102 may report an index into a table corresponding to a configured (e.g., pre-configured) value.

[0484] For example, the WTRU 102 may report an indication that the acceptable signal strength may have increased from a reference value and / or from a configured (eg, pre-configured) maximum value (eg, Q EPRE The WTRU 102 may report the actual value (e.g., in dB), a ratio (e.g., 0.25, 0.5, 0.75), and / or an index to a table corresponding to a configured (e.g., pre-configured) value.

[0485] For example, the WTRU 102 may report information indicating one or more operating modes (e.g., as part of the WTRU capability information). The WTRU 102 may indicate that the WTRU 102 may monitor to detect and / or measure SSBs and / or paging signals that overlap with symbols operated in a first operating mode. The WTRU 102 may indicate that the WTRU 102 may skip monitoring, detecting, and / or measuring RSRP for SSBs and / or paging signals that overlap with symbols operated in a second operating mode.

[0486] For example, the WTRU 102 may indicate and / or report one or more SSS EPRE strength values ​​during cell selection and / or initial access procedures (e.g., as part of Msg3 or MsgA). As another example, upon switching to connected mode, the WTRU 102 may send a scheduling request (SR) to measure and / or report the determined SSS EPRE strength values. The gNB may use the received reported signal strengths, for example, to compensate the received power of the WTRU 102. As another example, the gNB may (e.g., also) use the received reported signal strengths for beam scheduling. In the event that the WTRU 102 indicates to the gNB that the WTRU 102 will skip a beam, the gNB may not schedule the WTRU 102 (e.g., to utilize and / or use the indicated beam).

[0487] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive an indication (e.g., received) of a SSBEPRE (e.g., Q EPRE Upon detecting an SSB and / or paging signaling (e.g., during cell selection (reselection) scanning), the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating the corresponding SSB EPRE (e.g., Q EPRE ) information. The WTRU 102 may determine the received SSB EPRE (e.g., Q EPRE ) is below a first threshold. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the received SSB EPRE (e.g., Q EPRE ) to determine the SSB EPRE with similar (e.g., Q EPRE ) is lower than the WTRU's SSB signal strength. The WTRU 102 may determine to skip pairs of SSB bursts with similar SSB EPRE (e.g., Q EPRE), and may perform detection (e.g., monitoring) of a second SSB associated with an SSB EPRE value that is higher than a first threshold. The WTRU 102 may detect a change in RSRP measured for the same SSB (e.g., SSB index) despite receiving different SSB EPRE values. For example, the WTRU 102 may report the corresponding SSB signal strength, e.g., as part of Msg3 or MsgA, during a cell (or reselection) procedure. For example, the WTRU 102 may report the corresponding SSB signal strength, e.g., as part of a measurement report during connected mode.

[0488] For example, the gNB may use the received coverage level (e.g., reported SSB signal strength) to compensate the WTRU's received power. For example, the gNB may (e.g., also) use the received coverage level (e.g., reported SSB signal strength) for beam scheduling. For example, after the WTRU 102 indicates to the gNB that the WTRU 102 will skip a beam, the gNB may not schedule the WTRU 102 (e.g., utilize and / or use the indicated beam).

[0489] CLI measurements for cell selection

[0490] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine, identify, be configured with, and / or be indicated with one or more measurement resources for CLI measurements.

[0491] CLI measurement resource identifier

[0492] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more measurement resources for CLI measurement (e.g., for deriving and / or reporting L1 and / or L2 CLI-RSSI). For example, the one or more measurement resources may be associated with a cell (e.g., a TRP, a CC, a gNB, a node, a transmitter, and / or a receiver). The one or more measurement resources may include one or more types of resources. For example, the measurement resources may be zero power (ZP) resources. The ZP CSI-RS resources may be identified based on any one of the MIB, system information (e.g., SIB1, SIB2, etc.), and / or explicit signals transmitted and / or broadcast from the cell. For example, the measurement resources may be SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., SSBs). For example, the WTRU 102 may measure and use one or more parameters based on the received SSBs to calculate CLI power and / or strength (e.g., CLI-RSSI). For example, in addition to received signal strength and / or power (e.g., SSB-RSSI), the WTRU 102 may also use measurements to derive and / or estimate received power (e.g., SSB-RSRP) of a reference signal and / or channel to calculate received interference strength (e.g., CLI-RSSI). The measurement of received power (e.g., SSB-RSRP) of a received reference signal may be considered as a desired received power. The received signal strength (e.g., SSB-RSSI) may be considered as a total received signal strength that includes both the desired signal power and the interference. The interference strength may be estimated based on the measured SSB-RSRP and / or SSB-RSSI of the corresponding SSB. For example, the measurement resource may be any predefined and / or preconfigured time, frequency, space, sequence domain(s) resource(s), and / or reference signal.

[0493] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine information content associated with a cell. For example, the information content may indicate that the cell operates (e.g., supports, applies, associates, and / or enables) with at least one of the following operations, behaviors, and / or modes: (1) SBFD operation; (2) SBFD configuration; and / or (3) CLI measurement and / or reporting. For example, the SBFD operation and / or configuration may include a case where at least one time unit (e.g., a symbol, a time slot, a frame, and / or other TTI) is used for both DL transmission and UL reception (e.g., across frequency resources and / or subbands). For example, the WTRU 102 may be (e.g., explicitly) requested and / or notified to measure and / or report CLI based on measurements of one or more measurement resources before, within, and / or during a process of communicating with the cell (e.g., attaching to the cell, attempting to associate with the cell, transmitting an UL signal, such as a PRACH, to the cell).

[0494] For example, in response to determining and / or receiving information content from a cell, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., initiate) measuring one or more measurement resources. The information content may be broadcast and / or transmitted from the cell (e.g., via MIB, system information, and / or explicit messages and / or indications).

[0495] Figure 7 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of using zero power (ZP) resources and SSB symbols for CLI measurement. Figure 7 In FIG. 1 , one or more symbols 702 of ZP (e.g., CSI-RS) resources for interference (e.g., CLI) measurement (e.g., for deriving and / or reporting L1 and / or L2 CLI-RSSI) and a plurality of symbols 704 for SSBs 302 may be associated with a cell. The ZP (e.g., CSI-RS) resources may include one or more time and / or frequency resources (e.g., REs, RBs, etc.), wherein the cell may not transmit any (one or more) non-ZP signals on the one or more time and / or frequency resources (e.g., symbols 702). CLI signals from other interference sources (e.g., UL signals of other WTRUs and / or DL ​​signals of other gNBs / cells) may be measured (e.g., as CLI) on the one or more time and / or frequency resources.

[0496] CLI measurement

[0497] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may detect, discover, and / or select one or more SSBs from one or more neighboring cells (e.g., a serving cell or a camped cell). For example, the WTRU 102 may measure one or more parameters (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, number of beams) based on the detected SSBs. The WTRU 102 may perform cell ranking on the detected neighboring cells (e.g., as part of a periodic cell reselection scan), wherein the WTRU 102 determines a first cell with the highest ranking (e.g., based on RSRP, RSRQ, and / or number of beams).

[0498] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine, detect, decode, and / or receive information content (e.g., one or more) corresponding to a detected SSB of a detected neighboring cell (e.g., from a serving cell or a cell on which the WTRU 102 is already camped, e.g., via a MIB, system information, and / or explicit message). The WTRU 102 may determine (e.g., based on decoding the information content) that a second cell (e.g., among the detected neighboring cells) supports SBFD operation and / or operates in SBFD operation. A detected neighboring cell may refer to a neighboring cell having one or more detected SSBs.

[0499] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine to measure interference (e.g., CLI) for a second cell based on any one of an explicit indication and / or an implicit indication. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more (e.g., explicit) indications via information content that the WTRU 102 has determined, detected, decoded, and / or received for a detected SSB of a detected neighboring cell (e.g., from a serving cell or a cell on which the WTRU 102 is camped). The information content may include any one of MIB, system information (e.g., SIB1, SIB2, etc.), DCI, MAC-CE, and / or RRC. For example, the (e.g., explicit) indication may include a cell ID (e.g., of the second cell) for which the CLI is measured (e.g., attached to one or more reference signals, such as ZP and / or NZP RS, and / or time and / or frequency resources used to measure the CLI). The indication may (e.g., also) include resources used to report the measured CLI. For example, the (e.g., implicit) indication may include a cell ranking (e.g., if the second cell is not the cell with the highest cell ranking). For example, the (e.g., implicit) indication may include RSRP (e.g., if the RSRP and / or RSRQ evaluation of the second cell is within an offset from the RSRP and / or RSRQ evaluation of the first cell). For example, the (e.g., implicit) indication may include the number of beams, such as whether the number of acceptable beams from the second cell (e.g., based on cell ranking) is equal to or greater than the number of acceptable beams from the first cell. For example, the (e.g., implicit) indication may include priority, such as the WTRU's priority and / or preference for connecting to a cell (e.g., the second cell) having a first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD operation).

[0500] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine the time and / or frequency location of one or more resources (e.g., ZP resources and / or SSBs) for CLI measurements at the second cell. For example, the resources for CLI measurements may be Figure 7 The WTRU 102 may measure, evaluate, calculate, and / or estimate the CLI (eg, L1 and / or L2 CLI-RSSI) of the second cell.

[0501] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine a CLI strength level based on one or more parameters, rules, and / or thresholds. For example, the parameters, rules, and / or thresholds may be received, configured, and / or determined by the WTRU 102, similar to the compensation and / or scaling parameters, rules, and / or thresholds described in other embodiments and examples herein. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine and / or select one or more SBFD-specific scaling rules. The WTRU 102 may re-evaluate one or more measurement parameters (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, and / or number of beams) using the determined and / or selected SBFD-specific scaling rules for parameter compensation and / or scaling. The WTRU 102 may perform a new cell ranking, where the re-evaluated parameters are used for a second cell. The WTRU 102 may select the second cell, for example, if the second cell has the highest ranking based on the new (e.g., re-evaluated) cell ranking. The WTRU 102 may initiate and / or start an initial access procedure in the second cell (e.g., sending a PRACH to the gNB). The WTRU 102 may report the determined CLI (eg, Msg3 and / or MsgA), for example, during the access procedure.

[0502] Cell selection scaling rules and parameters

[0503] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the CLI (e.g., L1 and / or L2 CLI-RSSI) based on one or more measurement resources (e.g., identified during cell selection) of the first cell. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that the CLI is below a (e.g., predefined, preconfigured) maximum value, such as a maximum threshold and / or limit value. Based on determining that the CLI is below the maximum value, the WTRU 102 may proceed (e.g., perform) checking the CLI based on (e.g., comparing with) one or more corresponding thresholds and / or parameters. For example, the corresponding thresholds and / or parameters may be predefined, preconfigured, and / or indicated for the first cell, e.g., from or associated with information content (e.g., from a serving cell or a cell on which the WTRU 102 is already camped).

[0504] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine a CLI strength level and may (e.g., determine) to scale a measurement parameter (e.g., RSRP and / or RSRQ) based on the measured CLI and one or more thresholds and / or parameters. The WTRU 102 may determine to scale the measurement parameter based on one or more conditions.

[0505] For example, as a "level 0 condition" (e.g., as one of the conditions), the CLI (e.g., the determined CLI strength level) may be less than or equal to a first threshold. For example, threshold(1), where "threshold(x)" (e.g., x=1), may be one of one or more thresholds and / or parameters. In the event that a "level 0 condition" is determined (e.g., in response thereto), the WTRU 102 may apply a first type of scaling (e.g., no scaling of the RSRP evaluation). For example, the measurement parameter evaluation may be determined as Rn=Qmeas,n–Qoffset–Qoffsettemp, where Qmeas, n, Qoffset, and Qoffsettemp may correspond to an RSRP measurement, an offset to a minimum required received power level, and an offset temporarily applied to the cell, respectively. For example, Qoffset and Qoffsettemp may be configured parameters (e.g., via a SIB, RRC, etc.).

[0506] For example, as a "level 1 condition" (e.g., as one of the conditions), the CLI (e.g., the determined CLI strength level) may be greater than a first threshold (e.g., threshold (1)), and the CLI may be below a second threshold (e.g., threshold (2)). For example, threshold (x)' may be one of one or more thresholds and / or parameters. In the event that a "level 1 condition" is determined (e.g., in response thereto), the WTRU 102 may use one or more first scaling parameters (e.g., Qoffset-SBFD1) corresponding to the determined CLI strength level 1. For example, the measurement parameter evaluation may be determined as Rn=Qmeas,n+Qoffset-SBFD1-Qoffset-Qoffsettemp, where Qmeas, n, Qoffset, and Qoffsettemp may correspond to an RSRP measurement, an offset to a minimum required received power level, and an offset temporarily applied to the cell, respectively. For example, Qoffset and Qoffsettemp may be configured parameters (e.g., via SIB, RRC, etc.).

[0507] For example, as a "level 2 condition" (e.g., as one of the conditions), the CLI (e.g., the determined CLI strength level) may be below a second threshold (e.g., threshold (2)) and below a third threshold (e.g., threshold (3)). For example, "threshold (x)" may be one of one or more thresholds and / or parameters. In the event that a "level 2 condition" is determined, the WTRU 102 may use one or more second scaling parameters (e.g., Qoffset-SBFD2) corresponding to the determined CLI strength level 2. For example, the measurement parameter evaluation may be determined as Rn=Qmeas,n+Qoffset-SBFD2-Qoffset-Qoffsettemp, where Qmeas, n, Qoffset, and Qoffsettemp may correspond to an RSRP measurement, an offset to the minimum required received power level, and an offset temporarily applied to the cell, respectively. For example, Qoffset and Qoffsettemp may be configured parameters (e.g., via SIB, RRC, etc.).

[0508] In certain embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine to use one or more predefined and / or preconfigured rules and / or behaviors to adjust any of the signal and / or channel strength and / or quality metrics (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SINR, etc.). For example, the WTRU 102 may perform a cell selection procedure based on the adjusted signal and / or channel strength and / or quality metrics, e.g., using the CLI and / or one or more thresholds and / or parameters.

[0509] Differential CLI

[0510] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine and / or set a quality metric (e.g., Squal) based on at least the CLI. For example, Squal (e.g., in dB) may be offset by a parameter defined as the maximum between a first value (e.g., zero (0)) and a difference from a reference value (e.g., CLI_ref - CLI). For example, the reference value (e.g., CLI_ref) may be a predefined and / or (pre)configured parameter (e.g., via RRC, system information, etc.) for the cell or corresponding frequency, BWP, CC, SB, etc. For example, Squal may be determined as: Squal = Q qualmeas -(Q qualmin +Q qualminoffset )-Q offset_temp +max(0,CLI_ref-CLI), where Q qualmeas , Q qualmin , Q qualminoffset , Q offset_tempThey may correspond to RSRQ measurement, minimum required quality level, offset of minimum required quality level, and offset temporarily applied to the cell, respectively. The last three quantities may be configuration parameters (eg, via SIB, RRC, etc.).

[0511] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure a CLI based on resources identified during cell selection. The WTRU 102 may determine that the measured CLI is below a maximum value. The WTRU 102 may determine a CLI strength level and scale the measured RSRP based on the measured CLI and one or more thresholds. For example, strength level 0 may be a situation where the CLI is less than or equal to a threshold -1 (e.g., a first threshold), and no scaling may be applied. For example, strength level 1 may be a situation where the CLI is greater than a threshold -1 (e.g., a first threshold) and less than or equal to a threshold -2 (e.g., a second threshold), and the WTRU 102 may use one or more scaling parameters (e.g., Qoffset-SBFD1) corresponding to the determined CLI strength level 1. For example, strength level 2 may be a situation where the CLI is greater than a threshold -2 (e.g., a second threshold) and less than or equal to a threshold -3 (e.g., a third threshold), and the WTRU 102 may use one or more scaling parameters (e.g., Qoffset-SBFD2) corresponding to the determined CLI strength level 2. The WTRU 102 may have one or more corresponding scaling parameters for RSRP estimation. For example, the estimated RSRP may be determined as Rn=Qmeas,n+Qoffset-SBFDx-Qoffset-Qoffsettemp, for example, where X=1, 2, etc., as described above.

[0512] Figure 8 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for cell selection (reselection). Figure 8 The process in may be implemented by the WTRU 102 (e.g., as a method). Figure 8 In the embodiment of the present invention, at 802, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more SSBs from one or more candidate cells. The one or more candidate cells may (e.g., each) be a first type cell (e.g., SBFD) or a second type cell (e.g., non-SBFD). At 804, the WTRU may use measurement information associated with the one or more candidate cells to perform an initial access procedure to a base station associated with one of the candidate cells having a highest ranking (i.e., first type) among the one or more candidate cells.

[0513] For example, cells of a first type may perform SBFD operation and / or cells of a second type may perform non-SBFD operation.

[0514] For example, the measurement information may include information indicating any respective received signal power values ​​and / or respective received signal quality values ​​associated with one or more candidate cells (eg, any one thereof).

[0515] For example, the adjustment of measurement information associated with one or more candidate cells that are cells of the first type may be based on the EPRE value.

[0516] Figure 9 is a process diagram illustrating another example process of cell selection (reselection). Figure 9 The process in may be implemented by the WTRU 102 (e.g., as a method). Figure 9 In the embodiment of the present invention, at 902, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more SSBs from a plurality of candidate cells. The candidate cells may (e.g., each) be a cell of a first type (e.g., SBFD) or a cell of a second type (e.g., non-SBFD). At 904, the WTRU 102 may use the measurement information associated with the plurality of candidate cells to adjust the measurement information associated with a first cell (i.e., a cell of the first type) among the plurality of candidate cells based on a second cell (i.e., a cell of the second type) having the highest ranking among the plurality of candidate cells. At 906, the WTRU 102 may perform an initial access procedure to a base station associated with the first cell.

[0517] For example, cells of a first type may perform SBFD operation and / or cells of a second type may perform non-SBFD operation.

[0518] For example, the measurement information may include information indicating any respective received signal power values ​​and / or respective received signal quality values ​​associated with one or more candidate cells (eg, any one thereof).

[0519] For example, the adjustment of measurement information associated with one or more candidate cells that are cells of the first type may be based on the EPRE value.

[0520] Figure 10 is a process diagram illustrating another example process of cell selection (reselection). Figure 10 The process in may be implemented by the WTRU 102 (e.g., as a method). Figure 10In the embodiment of the present invention, at 1002, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more SSBs from a plurality of candidate cells. The candidate cells may (e.g., each) be a cell of a first type (e.g., SBFD) or a cell of a second type (e.g., non-SBFD). At 1004, the WTRU 102 may use measurement information associated with the plurality of candidate cells to adjust measurement information associated with a first cell (i.e., a cell of the first type) among the plurality of candidate cells based on a second cell (i.e., a cell of the second type) having a highest ranking among the plurality of candidate cells. At 1006, the WTRU 102 may use the adjusted measurement information to perform an initial access procedure with a base station associated with the second cell based on the second cell having a highest ranking among the plurality of candidate cells.

[0521] For example, cells of a first type may perform SBFD operation and / or cells of a second type may perform non-SBFD operation.

[0522] For example, the measurement information may include information indicating any respective received signal power values ​​and / or respective received signal quality values ​​associated with one or more candidate cells (eg, any one thereof).

[0523] For example, the adjustment of measurement information associated with one or more candidate cells that are cells of the first type may be based on the EPRE value.

[0524] Figure 11 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for determining SSB type and SSB power. Figure 11 The process shown in FIG may be implemented by the WTRU 102 (eg, as a method). Figure 11 As shown in FIG, at 1102, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a configuration of a set of SSBs. At 1104, the WTRU 102 may determine an energy per resource element (EPRE) parameter value associated with an SSB type of the set of SSBs. At 1106, the WTRU 102 may measure a set of SSBs from a cell. At 1108, the WTRU 102 may adjust measurement information associated with the measured set of SSBs based on the EPRE parameter value and / or the SSB type of the set of SSBs. At 1110, the WTRU 102 may perform an (e.g., initial) access procedure to a base station associated with a cell having a highest ranking among one or more candidate cells using the adjusted measurement information.

[0525] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the SSB type based on the amount of overlap between a set of sub-band full duplex (SBFD) symbols and a set of symbols for the set of SSBs.

[0526] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the SSB type based on a relationship between time resources associated with a set of SSBs and time resources associated with a set of SBFD symbols.

[0527] For example, the measuring at 1106 may include determining an EPRE measurement value for the set of SSBs. Adjusting the measurement information at 1108 may include adjusting the EPRE measurement value based on the EPRE parameter value.

[0528] For example, adjusting the measurement information at 1108 may include adjusting measurement information associated with a first signal type of the set of SSBs based on an EPRE parameter value and / or an SSB type of the set of SSBs.

[0529] For example, adjusting the measurement information at 1108 may include adjusting measurement information associated with the second signal type of the set of SSBs based on the configuration information and / or the SSB type of the set of SSBs.

[0530] Figure 12 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for CLI measurement. For example, Figure 12 The process in may be implemented by the WTRU 102 (e.g., as a method). At 1202, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more SSBs from a plurality of candidate cells, the candidate cells being cells of the first type or cells of the second type. At 1204, when a first cell (i.e., the second type) and a second cell (i.e., the first type) among the plurality of candidate cells satisfy a first condition based on measurement information associated with the plurality of candidate cells, the WTRU 102 may determine a CLI value associated with the second cell. At 1206, the WTRU 102 may adjust the measurement information associated with the second cell based on the CLI value satisfying the second condition. At 1208, based on the adjusted measurement information, the WTRU 102 may perform an initial access procedure for a base station associated with the second cell based on the second cell having the highest ranking among the plurality of candidate cells.

[0531] For example, the CLI value may be a CLI RSSI level, and / or the measurement information may include any one of corresponding received signal power values ​​and / or corresponding received signal quality values ​​associated with a plurality of candidate cells.

[0532] For example, the first condition may include any of the following: (1) the second cell has a lower ranking than the first cell, (2) the measurement information associated with the second cell is within the offset of the measurement information associated with the first cell, and / or (3) the first type of cell performs sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) operation.

[0533] For example, the second condition may include the CLI value being less than a threshold value.

[0534] For example, the initial access procedure includes sending a message including information indicating a CLI value.

[0535] For example, after performing an initial access procedure, the WTRU 102 may send information indicating a CLI value to a base station.

[0536] Figure 13 is a process diagram illustrating another example process of cell selection (reselection). Figure 13 The process in may be implemented by the WTRU 102 (e.g., as a method). At 1302, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more SSBs from a plurality of cells. The cells may include one or more first cells that support SBFD operation and one or more second cells that do not support SBFD operation. At 1304, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating EPRE information associated with SBFD operation. At 1306, the WTRU 102 may determine a highest-ranked first cell from the one or more first cells based on the first measurement information. For example, the first measurement information may include any one of RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, and / or number of beams associated with the SSBs from the one or more first cells. The highest-ranked first cell may be associated with a first ranking value. At 1308, the WTRU 102 may determine a highest-ranked second cell from the one or more second cells based on the second measurement information. The highest-ranked second cell may be associated with a second ranking value. At 1310, the WTRU 102 may adjust the measured EPRE of the SSB from the highest-ranked first cell based on the EPRE information, if the first measurement information associated with the highest-ranked first cell is less than the second measurement information associated with the highest-ranked second cell. At 1312, the WTRU 102 may determine an adjusted first ranking value for the highest-ranked first cell based on the adjusted measured EPRE. At 1314, the WTRU 102 may send a PRACH preamble to one of the highest-ranked first cell or the highest-ranked second cell based on the adjusted first ranking value and the second ranking value.

[0537] For example, adjusting the measured EPRE of the SSB from the highest-ranked first cell at 1310 may include modifying the measured EPRE of the SSB from the highest-ranked first cell using one or more values ​​indicated by the EPRE information. For example, the modification of the measured EPRE may include compensating the measured EPRE using one or more values ​​and / or scaling the measured EPRE using one or more values.

[0538] For example, based on the adjusted first ranking value being greater than or equal to the second ranking value, the WTRU 102 may select the highest ranked first cell as one of the cells to which to transmit the PRACH preamble.

[0539] For example, based on the adjusted first ranking value being less than or equal to the second ranking value, the WTRU 102 may select the highest ranked second cell as one of the cells to which to transmit the PRACH preamble.

[0540] For example, the WTRU 102 may measure the EPRE of the SSB from the highest ranked first cell.

[0541] For example, the WTRU 102 may measure any one of RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, and / or number of beams from one or more first cells to obtain first measurement information.

[0542] For example, the WTRU 102 may measure any one of RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, and / or number of beams associated with SSBs from one or more second cells to obtain second measurement information.

[0543] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more master information blocks (MIBs) and / or one or more system information blocks (SIBs) from one or more of the plurality of cells. The WTRU 102 may determine one or more first cells from the plurality of cells that support SBFD operation based on the one or more received MIBs and / or the one or more received SIBs.

[0544] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more first cells from the plurality of cells that support SBFD operation based on one or more SSBs received from the plurality of cells.

[0545] in conclusion

[0546] Although features and elements are provided above in specific combinations, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that each feature or element can be used alone or in combination with other features and elements. The present disclosure is not limited in terms of the specific embodiments described in this application, which are intended to illustrate various aspects. Many modifications and variations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any element, action, or instruction used in the description of this application should not be interpreted as being critical or essential to the present invention unless explicitly provided as such. Based on the foregoing description, in addition to the methods and devices listed herein, functionally equivalent methods and devices within the scope of this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is limited only by the terms of the appended claims and the full scope of equivalents to which these claims are assigned. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to a specific method or system.

[0547] For simplicity, the aforementioned embodiments are discussed with respect to the terminology and structure of devices with wireless communication capabilities (e.g., radio wave transmitters and receivers). However, the discussed embodiments are not limited to these systems and may be applied to other systems that use other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves (e.g., sound waves).

[0548] It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "image" may refer to any of a snapshot, a single image, and / or a plurality of images displayed on a time basis. As another example, when referred to herein, the term "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE", the term "remote" and / or the term "head mounted display" and its abbreviation "HMD" may mean or include (i) a wireless transmit and / or receive unit (WTRU); (ii) any of a number of embodiments of a WTRU; (iii) a device having wireless capabilities and / or wired capabilities (e.g., tetherable) that is, in particular, configured with some or all of the structure and functionality of a WTRU; (iii) a device having wireless capabilities and / or wired capabilities that is configured with less than all of the structure and functionality of a WTRU; or (iv) the like. Reference herein Figures 1A-1D Details of an example WTRU are provided, which may represent any WTRU described herein. As another example, various embodiments disclosed herein, both above and below, are described as utilizing a head-mounted display. Those skilled in the art will recognize that devices other than head-mounted displays may be utilized and that some or all of the present disclosure and various disclosed embodiments may be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other devices may include drones or other devices configured to stream information to provide an adapted reality experience.

[0549] In addition, the methods provided herein can be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware that is incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via a wired or wireless connection) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor associated with the software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver used in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0550] Variations of the methods, devices, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. In view of the various embodiments that may be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are merely examples and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the appended claims. For example, the embodiments provided herein include handheld devices that may include or be utilized with any suitable voltage source (e.g., a battery, etc.) that provides any suitable voltage.

[0551] In addition, in the embodiments provided above, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers and other devices including processors are mentioned. These devices may include at least one central processing unit ("CPU") and memory. According to the practice of those skilled in the art of computer programming, reference to the actions and symbolic representations of operations or instructions may be performed by various CPUs and memories. Such actions and operations or instructions may be referred to as being "executed," "computer-executed," or "CPU-executed."

[0552] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that actions and symbolically represented operations or instructions comprise manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. The electrical system represents data bits, which may result in a resulting transformation or reduction of the electrical signal and maintain the data bits at memory locations in the memory system, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise altering the operation of the CPU and other processing of the signal. The memory locations that maintain the data bits are physical locations that have specific electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties that correspond to or represent the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the aforementioned platforms or CPUs, and that other platforms and CPUs may support the provided methods.

[0553] The data bits may also be maintained on computer-readable media, including magnetic disks, optical disks, and any other volatile (e.g., random access memory (RAM)) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory (ROM)) mass storage systems readable by the CPU. The computer-readable media may include cooperating or interconnected computer-readable media that reside exclusively on the processing system or distributed across multiple interconnected processing systems, which may be local or remote to the processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the aforementioned memories, and that other platforms and memories may support the provided methods.

[0554] In an illustrative embodiment, any operations, processes, etc. described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, a network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0555] There is little distinction between hardware and software implementations of various aspects of the system. The use of hardware or software is often (but not always, as the choice between hardware and software may become important in certain contexts) a design choice that represents a cost-efficiency trade-off. There can be various means by which the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein can be implemented (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware), and the preferred means can vary depending on the context in which the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies are deployed. For example, if the implementer determines that speed and accuracy are most important, the implementer may choose a primarily hardware and / or firmware implementation. If flexibility is most important, the implementer may choose a primarily software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer may choose some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0556] The foregoing detailed description has described various embodiments of the device and / or process using block diagrams, flow charts, and / or examples. To the extent that such block diagrams, flow charts, and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and / or operation in such block diagrams, flow charts, or examples can be implemented individually and / or collectively by various hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, several portions of the subject matter described herein can be implemented via application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and / or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in whole or in part in an integrated circuit, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or any combination thereof, and that, in view of this disclosure, designing circuits and / or writing code for software and / or firmware will be well within the skill of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein may be distributed as a program product in various forms, and that the illustrative embodiments of the subject matter described herein apply regardless of the particular type of signal-bearing medium used to actually perform the distribution. Examples of signal-bearing media include, but are not limited to, the following: recordable media, such as floppy disks, hard drives, CDs, DVDs, digital tapes, computer memories, and the like; and transmission media, such as digital and / or analog communication media (e.g., fiber optic cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, and the like).

[0557] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common in the art to describe devices and / or processes in the manner set forth herein and then integrate such described devices and / or processes into data processing systems using engineering practices. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein can be integrated into data processing systems via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system can typically include one or more system unit housings, a video display device, memories such as volatile and non-volatile memories, processors such as microprocessors and digital signal processors, computing entities such as operating systems, drivers, graphical user interfaces, and applications, one or more interactive devices such as touch pads or screens, and / or a control system including feedback loops and control motors (e.g., feedback for sensing position and / or velocity, control motors for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantities). A typical data processing system can be implemented using any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0558] The subject matter described herein sometimes shows different components included in or connected to different other components. It should be understood that the architectures depicted in this manner are merely examples, and in fact many other architectures can be implemented to achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components that implement the same functionality is effectively "associated" so that the desired functionality can be achieved. Therefore, any two components that are combined herein to implement a particular functionality can be considered to be "associated" with each other so as to achieve the desired functionality, regardless of the architecture or intermediate components. Similarly, any two components that are so associated can also be considered to be "operably connected" or "operably coupled" to each other so as to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components that can be so associated can also be considered to be "operably coupled" to each other so as to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operable coupling include, but are not limited to, physically compatible and / or physically interactive components and / or wirelessly interactive and / or wirelessly interactive components and / or logically interactive and / or logically interactive components.

[0559] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those skilled in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as appropriate, depending on the context and / or application. For clarity, various singular / plural arrangements may be expressly set forth herein.

[0560] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in general, the terms used herein, and especially the terms used in the appended claims (e.g., the bodies of the appended claims), are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "comprising" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," etc.). Those skilled in the art will further understand that if a specific number of claim recitations is intended to be introduced, such intent will be expressly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation, such intent does not exist. For example, where only one item is intended, the term "single" or similar language may be used. To aid understanding, the claims appended below and / or the description herein may include the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be interpreted as implying that a claim recitation introduced by the indefinite article "a" or "an" will limit any particular claim including such introduced claim recitation to embodiments including only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"). The same applies to the use of definite articles to introduce claim recitations. Furthermore, even if a specific number of introduced claim recitations is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted as meaning at least the recited number (e.g., the simple recitation of "two recitations" without other modifiers means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). In addition, in those cases where a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, generally speaking, such construction is intended to allow those skilled in the art to understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but is not limited to systems having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those cases where a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, generally speaking, such construction is intended to allow those skilled in the art to understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but is not limited to systems having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). Those skilled in the art will further understand that, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms should be understood to contemplate the possibility of including one term, one of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" would be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B" or "A and B."Furthermore, as used herein, the term "any" followed by a listing of multiple items and / or multiple categories of items is intended to include "any," "any combination," "any plurality," and / or "any combination of a plurality" of the items and / or categories of items, either individually or in combination with other items and / or other categories of items. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "number" is intended to include any number, including zero. And the term "number," as used herein, is intended to be synonymous with "plurality."

[0561] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0562] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be readily considered to fully describe the same range and be capable of breaking the same range into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As non-limiting examples, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third, and upper third, etc. Those skilled in the art will also understand that all language, such as "up to," "at least," "greater than," "less than," etc., includes the recited numbers and refers to ranges that can subsequently be broken down into subranges as described above. Finally, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 units refers to a group having 1, 2, or 3 units. Similarly, a group having 1-5 units refers to a group having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 units, and so on.

[0563] Furthermore, the claims should not be read as limited to the order or elements provided unless so stated. Furthermore, use of the term "means for..." in any claim is intended to recite 35 U.S.C. § 112, 6 or means-plus-function claim format, and any claim without the term "means for..." is not intended to be so.

Claims

1. A method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving one or more synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) blocks (SSBs) from a plurality of cells, wherein the cells include one or more first cells that support sub-band non-overlapping full-duplex (SBFD) operation and one or more second cells that do not support SBFD operation; receiving configuration information indicating energy per resource element (EPRE) information associated with SBFD operations; determining a highest-ranked first cell from the one or more first cells based on first measurement information, wherein the first measurement information includes any one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a reference signal strength indicator (RSSI), and / or a number of beams associated with SSBs from the one or more first cells, and wherein the highest-ranked first cell is associated with a first ranking value; determining a highest-ranked second cell from the one or more second cells based on the second measurement information, wherein the highest-ranked second cell is associated with a second ranking value; adjusting a measured EPRE of an SSB from the highest-ranked first cell based on the EPRE information, on a condition that first measurement information associated with the highest-ranked first cell is less than second measurement information associated with the highest-ranked second cell; determining an adjusted first ranking value of the highest-ranked first cell based on the adjusted measured EPRE; as well as A physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble is transmitted to one of the highest-ranked first cell or the highest-ranked second cell based on the adjusted first ranking value and the second ranking value.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The adjusting of the measured EPRE of the SSB from the highest-ranked first cell includes modifying the measured EPRE of the SSB from the highest-ranked first cell using one or more values ​​indicated by the EPRE information.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: Modification of the measured EPRE includes compensating the measured EPRE using one or more values.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein: Modifying the measured EPRE includes scaling the measured EPRE using one or more values.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: Based on the adjusted first ranking value being greater than or equal to the second ranking value, the highest-ranked first cell is selected as the cell to which the PRACH preamble code is transmitted.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: Based on the adjusted first ranking value being less than or equal to the second ranking value, the second cell with the highest ranking is selected as the cell to which the PRACH preamble code is transmitted.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising: The EPRE of the SSB from the highest ranked first cell is measured.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: Any one of RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI and / or number of beams from the one or more first cells is measured to obtain first measurement information.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: Any one of RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI and / or the number of beams associated with the SSBs from the one or more second cells is measured to obtain second measurement information.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising: receiving one or more master information blocks (MIBs) and / or one or more system information blocks (SIBs) from one or more of the plurality of cells; and One or more first cells supporting SBFD operation are determined from the plurality of cells based on the one or more received MIBs and / or the one or more received SIBs.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising: One or more first cells supporting SBFD operation are determined from the plurality of cells based on the one or more SSBs received from the plurality of cells.

12. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: A processor, memory, and transceiver configured to: receiving one or more synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) blocks (SSBs) from a plurality of cells, wherein the cells include one or more first cells that support sub-band non-overlapping full-duplex (SBFD) operation and one or more second cells that do not support SBFD operation; receiving configuration information indicating energy per resource element (EPRE) information associated with SBFD operations, determining a highest-ranked first cell from the one or more first cells based on first measurement information, wherein the first measurement information includes any one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a reference signal strength indicator (RSSI), and / or a number of beams associated with SSBs from the one or more first cells, and wherein the highest-ranked first cell is associated with a first ranking value; determining a highest-ranked second cell from the one or more second cells based on the second measurement information, wherein the highest-ranked second cell is associated with a second ranking value; adjusting a measured EPRE of an SSB from the highest-ranked first cell based on the EPRE information, on a condition that first measurement information associated with the highest-ranked first cell is less than second measurement information associated with the highest-ranked second cell; determining an adjusted first ranking value of the highest-ranked first cell based on the adjusted measured EPRE; as well as A physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble is transmitted to one of the highest-ranked first cell or the highest-ranked second cell based on the adjusted first ranking value and the second ranking value.

13. The WTRU of claim 12, wherein: The processor, memory, and transceiver are configured to adjust the measured EPRE of the SSB from the highest ranked first cell using one or more values ​​indicated by the EPRE information.

14. The WTRU of claim 13 , wherein: The processor, memory, and transceiver are configured to adjust the measured EPRE, which includes compensating the measured EPRE using the one or more values.

15. The WTRU of claim 13 wherein: The processor, memory, and transceiver are configured to adjust the measured EPRE, which includes scaling the measured EPRE using the one or more values.

16. The WTRU of any one of claims 12-15, wherein: The processor, memory, and transceiver are configured to select the highest-ranked first cell as the cell to which to transmit the PRACH preamble based on the adjusted first ranking value being greater than or equal to the second ranking value.

17. The WTRU of any one of claims 12-15, wherein: The processor, memory, and transceiver are configured to select the highest-ranked second cell as the cell to which to transmit the PRACH preamble based on the adjusted first ranking value being less than or equal to the second ranking value.

18. The WTRU of any one of claims 12-17, wherein: The processor, memory, and transceiver are configured to measure the EPRE of the SSB from the highest ranked first cell.

19. The WTRU of any one of claims 12-18, wherein: The processor, memory, and transceiver are configured to measure any one of RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, and / or number of beams from the one or more first cells to obtain first measurement information.

20. The WTRU of any one of claims 12-19, wherein: The processor, memory, and transceiver are configured to measure any one of RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, and / or number of beams associated with SSBs from the one or more second cells to obtain second measurement information.

21. The WTRU of any one of claims 12-20, wherein the processor, memory, and transceiver are configured to: receiving one or more master information blocks (MIBs) and / or one or more system information blocks (SIBs) from one or more of the plurality of cells, and One or more first cells supporting SBFD operation are determined from the plurality of cells based on the one or more received MIBs and / or the one or more received SIBs.

22. The WTRU of any one of claims 12-20, wherein: The processor, memory, and transceiver are configured to determine one or more first cells from the plurality of cells that support SBFD operation based on one or more SSBs received from the plurality of cells.

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