Forward and reverse rotation rotary tillage and seeding all-in-one machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a forward and reverse rotation rotary tillage and sowing all-in-one machine which comprises a rotary tillage mechanism, a seed furrow opening mechanism, a sowing mechanism and a pressing mechanism which are sequentially arranged in a rack from front to back. Seed discharging openings of the sowing mechanism are located between the seed furrow opening mechanism and the pressing mechanism and correspond to seed furrows pressed by the seed furrow opening mechanism one by one downwards, a soil taking mechanism is arranged between the rotary tillage mechanism and the seed furrow opening mechanism, and a soil bearing baffle is arranged above the seed furrow opening mechanism. The soil taking mechanism can backwards throw soil which is in front of the seed furrow opening mechanism and is subjected to rotary tillage by the rotary tillage mechanism to the top of the soil bearing baffle, a soil scraping mechanism is arranged above the soil bearing baffle, and the soil scraping mechanism can backwards scrape the soil falling on the top of the soil bearing baffle into a seed furrow pressed by the seed furrow opening mechanism. The soil covers the seeds which are sown into the seed furrows through the sowing mechanism, so that the soil covering of the seeds in the seed furrows is completed. The seeder has the advantage of good seeding quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rotary tillage and sowing, and in particular to a forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing all-in-one machine. Background Art

[0002] A rotary tillage and seeding machine is an agricultural machine that integrates rotary tillage, furrowing, seeding, and compaction. Patents with patent numbers 202411707138.5, 202510114426.8, 202411605212.2, 202510355543.3, and 202510074380.1 describe the structure of existing rotary tillage and seeding machines.

[0003] The structure of the existing rotary tillage and seeding machine specifically includes: a frame, on which a rotary tillage mechanism, a seed furrow opening mechanism, a seeding mechanism, a soil covering mechanism and a pressing mechanism are arranged in sequence from front to back; wherein the rotary tillage mechanism includes: a rotary tillage shaft and a plurality of rotary tillage blades arranged on the outside of the rotary tillage shaft, and the rotary tillage shaft is driven to rotate by a power transmission mechanism; the seed furrow opening mechanism is used to form the seed furrow, and the seed furrow opening mechanism includes: a slotting and pressing shaft laterally supported between the left and right side plates of the frame, and a slotting and pressing shaft. The outer wall of the slotted pressing shaft is provided with a plurality of convex rings coaxial with the central axis of the slotted pressing shaft and protruding from the outer wall of the slotted pressing shaft in sequence along the axial direction, and the slotted pressing shaft is driven to rotate by a power transmission mechanism; the sowing mechanism is used to drop the seeds into the opened seed furrows, and the sowing mechanism includes: a plurality of seed guide tubes corresponding to the convex rings of the slotted pressing shaft, the lower end of the seed guide tube is a seeding port, and the seeding port of each seed guide tube is located in front of the soil covering mechanism and directly behind the corresponding convex ring of the slotted pressing shaft. The lower part is aligned with the seed groove pressed out when the corresponding convex ring moves forward, and the upper end of each seed guide tube is connected to the seed box. The seeds in the seed box fall from each seed opening through each seed guide tube into the various grooves pressed out by the convex ring of the slotted pressing shaft when it moves; the soil covering mechanism includes: a soil covering shaft driven to rotate by a power transmission mechanism and supported laterally in the frame, and a plurality of cutter disc groups are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction on the shaft body of the soil covering shaft, and each cutter disc group includes two soil covering cutter discs fixedly mounted on the soil covering shaft, and a plurality of cutter disc groups are provided on each soil covering cutter disc along the circumferential direction. A number of covering blades are evenly arranged around the circumference, and each cutter disc group corresponds one to one with the convex ring of the slotted pressing shaft. The two covering cutter discs of each cutter disc group are located on both sides of the corresponding convex ring, so that when each cutter disc group rotates with the covering shaft, the soil on both sides of the corresponding seed groove pressed out by the corresponding convex ring of the slotted pressing shaft can be drawn into the corresponding seed groove through the covering blades on the two covering cutter discs of the cutter disc group; the pressing mechanism is used to press and level the soil, and the pressing mechanism includes: a pressing roller laterally supported in the frame.

[0004] When working, the rotary tillage and seeding machine is generally used in conjunction with a tractor. The tractor serves as a traveling mechanism to drive the rotary tillage and seeding machine to move forward. When the rotary tillage and seeding machine moves, the power transmission mechanism drives the rotary tillage shaft, the grooving and pressing shaft and the soil covering shaft to rotate forward at the same time; in the industry, when the rotation direction of the shaft around its own axis is consistent with the rotation direction of the tractor tire, the rotation direction of the shaft is defined as forward rotation, that is, forward rotation; when the rotation direction of the shaft around its own axis is opposite to the rotation direction of the tractor tire, the rotation direction of the shaft is defined as reverse rotation, that is, reverse rotation.

[0005] When the tractor drives the rotary tillage and sowing machine to move forward, the power transmission mechanism transmits the tractor power to the rotary tillage shaft, the slotting and pressing shaft and the soil covering shaft, so that the rotary tillage shaft, the slotting and pressing shaft and the soil covering shaft rotate forward at the same time. During the movement of the rotary tillage and sowing machine, the rotary tillage blades in the rotary tillage mechanism that rotate forward with the rotary tillage shaft rotary till the ridges; the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed furrow opening mechanism can preliminarily roll the soil after rotary tillage when rotating forward and press out a number of seed furrows on the ridges through the convex rings; after the furrow opener has dug the seed furrows into shape, the seeds in the seed box of the sowing mechanism are output from the lower seed ports through the seed guide tubes and fall into the opened seed furrows; then the soil covering blades in the soil covering mechanism that rotate forward with the soil covering shaft can draw the soil on both sides of the corresponding seed furrow into the corresponding seed furrow, so that the soil covers the seeds sown in the seed furrow; then the soil is pressed and leveled by the pressing roller of the pressing mechanism.

[0006] In the above-mentioned rotary tillage and seeding machine, the soil covering process of the seed furrow is as follows: after the seed furrow opening mechanism opens the furrow, the soil covering device uses the soil covering blade to draw the soil on both sides of the seed furrow into the seed furrow, so that the soil covers the seeds sown in the seed furrow to complete the soil covering.

[0007] This soil-taking and covering method has the following disadvantages: (1) When the covering blade rotates to take the soil on both sides of the seed furrow, the covering blade will disturb the soil on both sides of the seed furrow. Especially when working on clay soil and sandy soil, the disturbance of the soil on both sides of the seed furrow by the covering blade will cause the seed furrow to collapse before the seeds fall into it, affecting the seeding depth and thus the seeding quality; (2) When the covering blade rotates to take the soil on both sides of the seed furrow, if there are large clods in the soil and part of the clods is located in the seed furrow, the soil will not be able to move. (3) When the soil is turned over by the covering blade, the seeds that have been sown in the seed furrow may be brought out of the seed furrow, affecting the sowing quality; (4) When working on clay soil, the soil that is constantly turned over by the covering blade may splash into the seeding port, causing the seeding port to be blocked and the seeds to no longer be able to be output through the seeding port, thus affecting the sowing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing integrated machine with good sowing quality.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing integrated machine, including a rotary tillage mechanism, a seed furrow opening mechanism, a seeding mechanism and a pressing mechanism, wherein the rotary tillage mechanism, the seed furrow opening mechanism and the pressing mechanism are arranged in sequence in the frame from front to back, and each lower seed opening of the sowing mechanism is located between the seed furrow opening mechanism and the pressing mechanism and corresponds downwardly to the seed furrow pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism, a soil taking mechanism is provided between the rotary tillage mechanism and the seed furrow opening mechanism, a soil bearing baffle is provided above the seed furrow opening mechanism, the soil taking mechanism can throw the soil in front of the seed furrow opening mechanism that has been rotary tilled by the rotary tillage mechanism to the top of the soil bearing baffle, and a soil scraping mechanism is provided above the soil bearing baffle, the soil scraping mechanism can scrape the soil that falls on the top of the soil bearing baffle backward into the seed furrow pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism, so that the soil covers the seeds sown in the seed furrow by the sowing mechanism, so as to complete the soil covering of the seeds in the seed furrow.

[0010] Furthermore, the aforementioned forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing machine, wherein: the structure of the soil-taking mechanism includes: a soil-taking shaft arranged between the rotary tillage mechanism and the seed furrow opening mechanism, the soil-taking shaft is arranged in the frame and can rotate around its own axis, and a plurality of soil-taking blades that rotate synchronously with the soil-taking shaft are fixed on the shaft body of the soil-taking shaft, and each soil-taking blade can throw the soil that has been tilled by the rotary tillage mechanism in front of the slotting and pressing shaft backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle when it rotates with the soil-taking shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, in the aforementioned forward and reverse rotating rotary tillage and sowing machine, the rotation direction of the soil-taking shaft is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary tillage shaft of the rotary tillage mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, in the aforementioned forward and reverse rotary tillage and seeding integrated machine, the soil-taking shaft is installed on the frame through a height adjustment mechanism, and the height adjustment mechanism can adjust the height of the soil-taking shaft in the frame.

[0013] Furthermore, the aforementioned forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing machine, wherein: the structure of the height adjustment mechanism includes: a bearing seat, a first transmission gear box, the left shaft end of the soil taking shaft is supported by the bearing seat, the bearing seat can be installed on the left side plate of the frame movably up and down relative to the frame, a left mounting plate fixed to the left side plate of the frame is provided above the bearing seat, a vertical left screw rod is fixed on the top of the bearing seat, the left screw rod passes upward through the corresponding left mounting plate above, two first locking nuts are threadedly connected on the left screw rod, and the two first locking nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the left mounting plate; the right shaft end of the soil taking shaft extends into and is supported by the first transmission gear box, the first transmission gear box can be installed on the right side plate of the frame movably up and down relative to the frame, a right mounting plate fixed to the right side plate of the frame is provided above the first transmission gear box, a vertical right screw rod is fixed on the top of the first transmission gear box, the right screw rod passes upward through the corresponding right mounting plate above, two second locking nuts are threadedly connected on the right screw rod, and the two second locking nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the right mounting plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the aforementioned forward and reverse rotary tillage and seeding machine, wherein: the structure of the scraping mechanism includes: a scraping shaft arranged above the soil-bearing baffle, the scraping shaft is supported in the frame and can rotate around its own axis, and a plurality of scraping blades that rotate synchronously with the scraping shaft are fixed on the shaft body of the scraping shaft. When the scraping blades rotate with the scraping shaft, they can scrape the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle backwards into the seed furrow pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism, so that the soil covers the seeds sown into the seed furrow by the seeding mechanism, so as to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrow.

[0015] The tractor has a first gear and a second gear connected to the first gear and a second gear connected to the tractor, and a first gear connected to the tractor by a first gear connected to the tractor. The first gear is engaged with the first gear and the second gear is engaged with the first gear, and the second gear is engaged with the first gear and the second gear.

[0016] Furthermore, the aforementioned forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing machine, wherein: the structure of the sowing mechanism includes: a seed box and a plurality of seed guide tubes, the lower end of the seed guide tube is a seed lowering port, each seed guide tube passes downward through the rear part of the soil-bearing baffle, the seed lowering port of each seed guide tube is located directly below the rear part of the soil-bearing baffle, and is located between the seed trench opening mechanism and the pressing mechanism and corresponds downward one by one to the seed trench pressed out by the seed trench opening mechanism, and the upper end of each seed guide tube is connected to the seed box through a rotary sealing valve.

[0017] Furthermore, the aforementioned forward and reverse rotary tillage and seeding machine, wherein: a flow sensor for real-time detection of the seed flow in the seed guide tube is provided on each seed guide tube, each flow sensor is connected to the PLC control system signal, the PLC control system collects the flow data fed back by the flow sensor in real time and compares and analyzes it with the preset safety threshold, and an alarm is generated when the analysis shows that the flow in a certain seed guide tube is abnormal.

[0018] Furthermore, the aforementioned forward and reverse rotary tillage and seeding machine, wherein: a seed opening protection mechanism is provided on the soil-bearing baffle, the structure of the seed opening protection mechanism includes: the soil-bearing baffle extends rearward to the upper rear side of the slotting and pressing roller of the seed furrow opening mechanism, the rear end of the soil-bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening rear guard baffle located behind each seed opening of the seeding mechanism, the middle part of the soil-bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening front guard baffle, the seed opening front guard baffle is located in front of each seed opening of the seeding mechanism and behind the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed furrow opening mechanism.

[0019] Through the implementation of the above technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) in the process of taking soil and covering the seed trench, the soil taken is the soil located in front of the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed trench opening mechanism. After the soil at this position is taken, the seed trench is opened and formed by the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed trench opening mechanism. This method of taking soil first and then opening the seed trench replaces the traditional method of first opening the seed trench and then taking soil on both sides of the seed trench. When taking soil, the soil on both sides of the seed trench is not disturbed. It not only avoids the seed trench collapsing before the seeds fall into it due to the disturbance of the soil on both sides of the seed trench, thereby ensuring the sowing depth of the seeds, but also prevents the seeds in the seed trench from being taken out of the seed trench when taking soil, thereby ensuring the sowing quality; (2) in the process of taking soil and covering the seed trench, the soil thrown by the soil taking shaft to the top of the slotting and pressing shaft and falling on the soil baffle is taken, and the soil on the soil baffle is scraped to the seed trench by the scraping blade on the scraping shaft. The soil is covered on the seeds sown in the various furrows to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrows. This covering method does not damage the seed furrows because the soil on the soil-bearing baffle located above the slotted pressing shaft is taken. It further avoids the situation where the seed furrows collapse before the seeds fall due to soil disturbance on both sides of the seed furrows, further ensures the sowing depth of the seeds, and further prevents the situation where the seeds in the seed furrows are taken out of the seed furrows when covering the soil, further ensuring the sowing quality; (3) Through the design of the seed opening protection mechanism, the seed opening can be effectively avoided from being blocked during the soil taking and covering process, further ensuring the smooth movement of the equipment; (4) The cooperation of the soil taking blade and the rotary tillage blade, one in forward rotation and one in reverse rotation, can greatly increase the shearing, collision and kneading effect on the soil, significantly improve the soil crushing effect, and the improvement of the soil crushing effect is more conducive to seedling emergence after covering the soil; (5) It has a wide range of applications and is particularly suitable for operations in clay and sandy lands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a front view of the forward and reverse rotary tillage and seeding machine described in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Right view of .

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Left view of .

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the AA section shown in.

[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged schematic diagram.

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Bottom view of .

[0026] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A first-person perspective image.

[0027] Figure 8 for Figure 1 A stereogram from a second perspective.

[0028] Figure 9 for Figure 1 A third-person perspective. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9As shown, the forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing machine includes a rotary tillage mechanism 100, a seed furrow opening mechanism 200, a sowing mechanism 300 and a pressing mechanism 400. The rotary tillage mechanism 100, the seed furrow opening mechanism 200 and the pressing mechanism 400 are arranged in sequence in the frame 1 from front to back. Each lower seed opening 2 of the sowing mechanism 300 is located between the seed furrow opening mechanism 200 and the pressing mechanism 400 and corresponds downwardly to the seed furrow pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism 200. A soil taking mechanism 500 is provided between the rotary tillage mechanism 100 and the seed furrow opening mechanism 200. A soil-bearing baffle 4 is provided above the slotting and pressing shaft 3 of the mechanism 200. The soil-taking mechanism 500 can throw the soil in front of the slotting and pressing shaft 3 of the seed furrow opening mechanism 200 that has been tilled by the rotary tillage mechanism 100 backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4. A scraping mechanism 600 is provided above the soil-bearing baffle 4. The scraping mechanism 600 can scrape the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4 backward to the seed furrow pressed out by the slotting and pressing shaft 3 of the seed furrow opening mechanism 200, so that the soil covers the seeds sown into the seed furrow by the sowing mechanism 300, so as to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrow.

[0031] In this embodiment, the rotary tillage mechanism 100 includes a rotary tillage shaft 5 and a plurality of rotary tillage blades 6 disposed outside the rotary tillage shaft 5. The structure of the soil-collecting mechanism includes: a soil-collecting shaft 7 disposed between the rotary tillage shaft 5 of the rotary tillage mechanism 100 and the slotting and pressing shaft 3 of the seed furrowing mechanism 200; the soil-collecting shaft 7 is disposed in the frame 1 and can rotate about its own axis; a plurality of soil-collecting blades 8 are fixed to the shaft body of the soil-collecting shaft 7 and rotate synchronously with the soil-collecting shaft 7. When the soil-collecting blades 8 rotate with the soil-collecting shaft 7, they can throw the soil in front of the slotting and pressing shaft 3 that has been rotary tilled by the rotary tillage mechanism 100 backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4.

[0032] In this embodiment, the rotation direction of the soil-taking shaft 7 is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary tillage shaft 5 of the rotary tillage mechanism 100, that is, the rotation direction of the soil-taking blade 8 on the soil-taking shaft 7 is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary tillage blade 6 on the rotary tillage shaft 5. Through the forward and reverse rotation cooperation of the soil-taking blade 8 and the rotary tillage blade 6, the shearing, collision and kneading effects on the soil can be greatly increased, and the soil crushing effect can be significantly improved. The improvement of the soil crushing effect is more conducive to seedling emergence after the seed furrow is covered with soil.

[0033] In this embodiment, the soil-taking shaft 7 is mounted on the frame 1 through a height adjustment mechanism, and the height adjustment mechanism can adjust the height of the soil-taking shaft 7 in the frame 1; the structure of the height adjustment mechanism includes: a bearing seat 9, a first transmission gear box 10, the left shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7 is supported on the bearing seat 9, the bearing seat 9 can be mounted on the left side plate 11 of the frame 1 so as to move up and down relative to the frame 1, and the bearing seat 9 can be mounted on the outside of the left side plate 11 of the frame 1 so as to move up and down relative to the frame 1 through the left guide assembly, and the left guide assembly includes: a plurality of left vertical long holes provided on the left side plate 11 of the frame, and a plurality of left guide columns installed on the bearing seat 9, each left guide column corresponds to each left vertical long hole one by one, and each left guide column is passed through the corresponding left vertical long hole, and the bearing seat 9 is slidably provided on the left side plate 11 of the frame through the cooperation of the left guide column and the left vertical long hole; A left mounting plate 12 fixed to the left side plate 11 of the frame is provided above the bearing seat 9, and a vertical left screw rod 13 is fixed on the top of the bearing seat 9. The left screw rod 13 passes upward through the corresponding left mounting plate 12 above, and two first locking nuts 14 are threadedly connected to the left screw rod 13. The two first locking nuts 14 are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the left mounting plate 12; the right side shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7 extends into and is supported by the first transmission gear box 10, and the first transmission gear box 10 can be mounted on the outside of the right side plate 15 of the frame 1 so as to move up and down relative to the frame 1. The first transmission gear box 10 can be mounted on the outside of the right side plate 15 of the frame 1 so as to move up and down relative to the frame 1 through the right guide assembly. The right guide assembly includes: 15, and several right guide columns mounted on the first transmission gear box 10, each right guide column corresponds to each right vertical long hole one by one, each right guide column is passed through the corresponding right vertical long hole, and the first transmission gear box 10 is slidably set on the right side plate 15 of the frame through the cooperation of the right guide column and the right vertical long hole; a right mounting plate 16 fixed to the right side plate 15 of the frame is provided above the first transmission gear box 10, and a vertical right screw rod 17 is fixed to the top of the first transmission gear box 10, and the right screw rod 17 passes upward through the corresponding right mounting plate 16 above, and two second locking nuts 18 are threadedly connected to the right screw rod 17, and the two second locking nuts 18 are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the right mounting plate 16.

[0034] When it is necessary to raise the soil-taking shaft 7, first turn downward the first locking nut 14 on the left screw rod 13, which is located below the left mounting plate 12, until the first locking nut moves downward along the left screw rod 13 and leaves the left mounting plate 12. At the same time, turn downward the second locking nut 18 on the right screw rod 17, which is located below the right mounting plate 16, until the second locking nut 18 moves downward along the right screw rod 17 and leaves the right mounting plate 16. Then, the first locking nut 14 on the left screw rod 13, which is located above the left mounting plate 12, is turned downward. When the first locking nut 14 is turned downward, the left screw rod 13 is driven to move upward relative to the left mounting plate 12, thereby synchronously driving the left shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7 to move upward; at the same time, the second locking nut 18 on the right screw rod 17, which is located above the right mounting plate 16, is turned downward. When the second locking nut 18 is turned downward, the right screw rod 17 is driven to move upward relative to the right mounting plate 16, thereby synchronously driving the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7 to move upward, thereby raising the soil-taking shaft 7 as a whole. After the height adjustment of the soil-taking shaft 7 is completed, The first locking nut 14 on the left screw rod 13, which is located below the left mounting plate 12, is rotated upward until the first locking nut 14 is again locked to the left mounting plate 12 in an upward and downward relationship with the first locking nut 14 above it, thereby fixing the height of the left shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7; at the same time, the second locking nut 18 on the right screw rod 17, which is located below the right mounting plate 16, is rotated upward until the second locking nut 18 is again locked to the right mounting plate 16 in an upward and downward relationship with the second locking nut 18 above it, thereby fixing the height of the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7, thereby completing the height adjustment of the soil-taking shaft 7, and the adjustment of the soil-taking shaft 7 is very convenient.

[0035] When it is necessary to lower the soil-taking shaft 7, first turn upward the first locking nut 14 on the left screw rod 13, which is located above the left mounting plate 12. During the upward rotation of the first locking nut 14, the left shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7 will move downward under the action of the deadweight of the bearing seat 9 and the soil-taking shaft 7; at the same time, turn upward the second locking nut 18 on the right screw rod 17, which is located above the right mounting plate 16. During the upward rotation of the second locking nut 18, the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7 will move downward under the action of the deadweight of the first transmission gear box 10 and the soil-taking shaft 7, thereby lowering the soil-taking shaft 7 as a whole. After the height adjustment of the soil-taking shaft 7 is completed, Then rotate the first locking nut 14 on the left screw rod 13 below the left mounting plate 12 upward until the first locking nut 14 is again locked to the left mounting plate 12 in an upward and downward relationship with the first locking nut 14 above it, thereby fixing the height of the left shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7; at the same time, rotate the second locking nut 18 on the right screw rod 17 below the right mounting plate 16 upward until the second locking nut 18 is again locked to the right mounting plate 16 in an upward and downward relationship with the second locking nut 18 above it, thereby fixing the height of the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7, thereby completing the lowering of the soil-taking shaft 7, and the adjustment of the soil-taking shaft 7 is very convenient.

[0036] In this embodiment, the structure of the scraping mechanism includes: a scraping shaft 19 arranged above the soil-bearing baffle 4, the scraping shaft 19 is supported between the left plate 11 and the right plate 15 of the frame 1 and can rotate around its own axis, and a plurality of scraping blades 20 that rotate synchronously with the scraping shaft 19 are fixed on the shaft body of the scraping shaft 19. When the scraping blades 20 rotate with the scraping shaft 19, the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4 can be scraped backward into the seed furrow pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism 200, so that the soil covers the seeds sown into the seed furrow by the sowing mechanism 300, so as to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrow.

[0037] In actual application, the rotation of the soil-taking shaft 7, the scraping shaft 19, the grooving and pressing shaft 3 and the rotary tillage shaft 5 can be achieved by directly driving the rotation of independent power parts such as motors, or by cooperating with the tractor through a power transmission mechanism, and using the power transmission mechanism to transmit the power of the tractor to each shaft to drive the rotation of each shaft.

[0038] In this embodiment, the rotation of each shaft is achieved by using a power transmission mechanism in conjunction with the tractor. The power transmission mechanism includes a front gearbox 42 and a rear gearbox mounted on the frame 1. The front gearbox 42 and the rear gearbox are connected via a first cardan shaft 43. The front gearbox is connected to the rotary shaft 5 via a rotary shaft transmission assembly to drive the rotary shaft 5 and the rotary blade 6 in forward rotation. The rotary shaft transmission assembly is described in the invention patent application No. 202510114426.8 and is an existing structure. Therefore, the structure of the rotary shaft transmission assembly will not be repeated here. The rear gearbox has a left output shaft and a right output shaft. The right output shaft of the rear gearbox is connected to the universal joint at one end of the second cardan shaft. The universal joint at the other end of the second cardan shaft is connected to the soil-taking shaft 7 through the right transmission assembly, so that the rear gearbox can transmit the tractor power to the soil-taking shaft 7 to drive the soil-taking shaft 7 to reverse. The structure of the right transmission assembly includes: a first transmission gearbox 10 supporting the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7 supports gear 1 21, gear 2 22, gear 3 23, and gear 4 24. The universal joint at the other end of the second cardan shaft is connected to gear 1 21, gear 1 21 is meshed with gear 2 22, gear 2 22 is meshed with gear 3 23, and gear 3 23 is meshed with gear 4 24. Gear four 24 is engaged with gear five 25 which is mounted on the right side shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 7. The rear gearbox drives the soil-taking shaft 7 to reverse through the cooperation of the second cardan shaft, gear one 21, gear two 22, gear three 23, gear four 24 and gear five 25. Moreover, since the first transmission gearbox 10 is connected to the second cardan shaft through a universal joint, the universal joint allows the first transmission gearbox 10 to adjust its position relative to the second cardan shaft when receiving the power transmitted by the second cardan shaft. In this way, while ensuring that the power of the second cardan shaft can be effectively transmitted to the soil-taking shaft 7, the height of the soil-taking shaft 7 can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the first transmission gearbox 10 and the height of the bearing seat 9, thereby effectively ensuring the smooth movement of the equipment.

[0039] The left output shaft of the rear gearbox is connected to the universal joint at one end of the third cardan shaft, and the universal joint at the other end of the third cardan shaft is connected to the scraper shaft 19 and the slotted pressing shaft 3 through the left transmission assembly to drive the scraper shaft 19 and the slotted pressing shaft 3 to rotate forward; the structure of the left transmission assembly includes: a second transmission gear box 26 arranged on the left side plate 11 of the frame, and the second transmission gear box 26 supports gear six 27, gear seven 28, gear eight 29, gear nine 30, gear ten 31, and gear eleven 32. The universal joint at the other end of the third cardan shaft is connected to gear six 27, gear six 27 is meshed with gear seven 28, gear seven 28 is meshed with gear eight 29, and gear eight 29 is meshed with gear nine 30. Gear nine 30 is engaged with gear ten 31 and gear eleven 32 at the same time, and gear ten 31 does not contact gear eleven 32. The gear ten 31 is engaged with gear twelve 33 which is mounted on the left shaft end of the slotted pressing shaft 3, and the gear eleven 32 is engaged with gear thirteen 34 which is mounted on the left shaft end of the scraper shaft 19. The rear gearbox drives the slotted pressing shaft 3 to rotate forward through the cooperation of the third cardan shaft, gear six 27, gear seven 28, gear eight 29, gear nine 30, gear ten 31 and gear twelve 33. The rear gearbox drives the scraper shaft 19 to rotate forward through the cooperation of the third cardan shaft, gear six 27, gear seven 28, gear eight 29, gear nine 30, gear eleven 32 and gear thirteen 34.

[0040] In this embodiment, the structure of the sowing mechanism 300 includes: a seed box 35 and a plurality of seed guide tubes 36, the lower end of the seed guide tube 36 is a seed opening 2, and each seed guide tube 36 passes downward through the rear of the soil-bearing baffle 4. The seed opening 2 of each seed guide tube 36 is located directly below the rear of the soil-bearing baffle 4, and is located between the slotted pressing shaft 3 of the seed trench opening mechanism 200 and the pressing mechanism 400, and corresponds downward one by one to the seed trench pressed out by the seed trench opening mechanism 200. The upper end of each seed guide tube 36 is connected to the seed box 35 through a rotary sealing valve 37, and each seed guide tube 36 is provided with a flow sensor 38 for real-time detection of the seed flow in the seed guide tube 36. Each flow sensor 38 is connected to the PLC control system signal. The PLC control system collects the flow data fed back by the flow sensor 38 in real time and compares and analyzes it with a preset safety threshold. When the analysis shows that the flow in a certain seed guide tube 36 is abnormal, an alarm is generated.

[0041] In this embodiment, a seed opening protection mechanism is provided on the soil-bearing baffle 4, and the structure of the seed opening protection mechanism includes: the soil-bearing baffle 4 extends backward to the upper rear side of the slotting and pressing roller 3 of the seed furrowing mechanism 200, and each seed guide tube 36 of the sowing mechanism 300 passes downward through the rear part of the soil-bearing baffle 4 until the seed opening 2 of each seed guide tube 36 is located directly below the rear part of the soil-bearing baffle 4, and the rear end of the soil-bearing baffle 4 extends downward to form a seed opening rear guard plate 39 located behind each seed opening 2 of the sowing mechanism 300, and the middle part of the soil-bearing baffle 4 extends downward to form a seed opening front guard plate 40. The front seeding port baffle 40 is located in front of each seeding port 2 of the sowing mechanism 300 and behind the slotting and pressing shaft 3 of the seed furrowing mechanism 200. The soil-bearing baffle 4, the front seeding port baffle 40 and the rear seeding port baffle 39 cooperate to protect each seeding port 2 of the sowing mechanism 300. The front seeding port baffle 40 and the soil-bearing baffle 4 can prevent the soil thrown backward by the soil-taking blade 8 from splashing into the seeding port 2, and the rear seeding port baffle 39 can prevent the soil scraped backward by the scraping blade 20 from splashing into the seeding port 2, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of seeding port blockage during the soil-taking and covering process.

[0042] Before operation, the rotary tillage and sowing machine is installed on a tractor so that the tractor's power output shaft is connected to the front gearbox of the rotary tillage and sowing machine. During operation, the front gearbox drives the rotary tillage shaft 5 and the rotary tillage blade 6 to rotate forward through the rotary tillage shaft transmission assembly; the front gearbox transmits power to the rear gearbox through the first rear gearbox, and the rear gearbox transmits power to the soil-taking shaft through the right output shaft, the second cardan shaft and the right transmission assembly, driving the soil-taking shaft 7 and the soil-taking blade 8 to rotate in the opposite direction; at the same time, the rear gearbox drives the slotting and pressing shaft 3 to rotate forward through the cooperation of the left output shaft, the third cardan shaft, gears 6, 27, 7, 28, 8, 29, 9, 30, 10, 31 and 12, 33; at the same time, the rear gearbox drives the scraping shaft 3 and the scraping blade 8 to rotate forward through the cooperation of the left output shaft, the third cardan shaft, gears 6, 27, 7, 28, 8, 29, 9, 30, 11, 32 and 13, 34.

[0043] When the tractor drives the rotary tillage and sowing machine forward, the rotary tillage blades 6 in the rotary tillage mechanism 100 rotate forward with the rotary tillage shaft 5 to till the ridges; the soil-taking blades 8 that rotate in the opposite direction with the soil-taking shaft 7 take the soil after rotary tillage when rotating, and further crush the soil while taking the soil, and throw the taken soil backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4 above the slotting and pressing shaft 3 of the seed furrowing mechanism 200; when the slotting and pressing shaft 3 of the seed furrowing mechanism 200 rotates forward, it will preliminarily roll the soil after rotary tillage and press out a number of seed furrows on the ridges through the convex rings thereon; after the seed furrow is formed by the seed furrow opener, the sowing mechanism 300 presses the seed box 35 in the seed box 35 through the rotary sealing valves 37. The seeds are introduced into each seed guide tube 36, and then output through the lower seed port 2 of each seed guide tube 36 and fall into the opened seed furrows. During the sowing process, the PLC control system collects the flow data fed back by the flow sensor 38 on each seed guide tube 36 in real time and compares and analyzes it with the preset safety threshold. When the analysis shows that the flow in a certain seed guide tube 36 is abnormal, an alarm is issued; the scraping blade 20 rotating forward with the scraping shaft 19 will scrape the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4 backward into the seed furrows pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism 200, so that the soil covers the seeds that have been sown in various furrows to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrows; then the soil is pressed and leveled by the pressing roller 41 of the pressing mechanism 400.

[0044] The advantages of the present invention are: (1) in the process of taking soil and covering the seed trench, the soil taken is the soil in front of the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed trench opening mechanism. After the soil is taken from this position, the seed trench is opened and formed by the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed trench opening mechanism. This method of taking soil first and then opening the seed trench replaces the traditional method of first opening the seed trench and then taking soil on both sides of the seed trench. When taking soil, the soil on both sides of the seed trench is not disturbed. This not only avoids the seed trench collapsing before the seeds fall into it due to the disturbance of the soil on both sides of the seed trench, thereby ensuring the sowing depth of the seeds, but also prevents the seeds in the seed trench from being taken out of the seed trench when taking soil, thereby ensuring the sowing quality; (2) in the process of taking soil and covering the seed trench, the soil thrown by the soil taking shaft to the top of the slotting and pressing shaft and falling on the soil baffle is taken. The soil on the soil baffle is scraped toward the seed trench by the scraping blade on the scraping shaft, so that the soil covers The soil covering method is applied to the seeds sown in various furrows to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrows. Since the soil is taken from the soil-bearing baffle located above the slotted pressing shaft, the seed furrows will not be damaged, and the soil disturbance on both sides of the seed furrows will not cause the seed furrows to collapse before the seeds fall in. This further ensures the sowing depth of the seeds and further prevents the seeds in the seed furrows from being taken out of the seed furrows when covering the soil, thereby further ensuring the sowing quality. (3) Through the design of the seed opening protection mechanism, the seed opening can be effectively avoided from being blocked during the soil taking and covering process, further ensuring the smooth movement of the equipment. (4) The coordinated action of the soil taking blade and the rotary tillage blade, one in forward rotation and one in reverse rotation, can greatly increase the shearing, collision and kneading effect on the soil, significantly improving the soil crushing effect. The improvement of the soil crushing effect is more conducive to seedling emergence after covering the soil. (5) It has a wide range of applications and is particularly suitable for operations in clay and sandy lands.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any other form. Any modification or equivalent change made according to the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing machine, characterized by: The machine comprises a rotary tillage mechanism, a seed furrow opening mechanism, a sowing mechanism and a suppressing mechanism, wherein the rotary tillage mechanism, the seed furrow opening mechanism and the suppressing mechanism are sequentially arranged in the frame from front to back, and each lower seed opening of the sowing mechanism is located between the seed furrow opening mechanism and the suppressing mechanism and corresponds downwardly to the seed furrows pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism. A soil taking mechanism is arranged between the rotary tillage mechanism and the seed furrow opening mechanism, and a soil bearing baffle is arranged above the seed furrow opening mechanism. The soil taking mechanism can throw the soil in front of the seed furrow opening mechanism that has been rotary tilled by the rotary tillage mechanism backward to the top of the soil bearing baffle, and a soil scraping mechanism is arranged above the soil bearing baffle. The soil scraping mechanism can scrape the soil that falls on the top of the soil bearing baffle backward to the seed furrow pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism, so that the soil covers the seeds sown into the seed furrow by the sowing mechanism, so as to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrow.

2. The forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the soil-taking mechanism includes: a soil-taking shaft arranged between the rotary tillage mechanism and the seed furrow opening mechanism, the soil-taking shaft is arranged in the frame and can rotate around its own axis, and a plurality of soil-taking blades are fixed on the shaft body of the soil-taking shaft, which rotate synchronously with the soil-taking shaft. When the soil-taking blades rotate with the soil-taking shaft, the soil that has been rotary tilled by the rotary tillage mechanism in front of the slotting and pressing shaft can be thrown backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle.

3. The forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotation direction of the soil taking shaft is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary tillage shaft of the rotary tillage mechanism.

4. The forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The soil-taking shaft is installed on the frame through a height adjustment mechanism, and the height adjustment mechanism can adjust the height of the soil-taking shaft in the frame.

5. The forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The structure of the height adjustment mechanism includes: a bearing seat, a first transmission gear box, the left shaft end of the soil taking shaft is supported by the bearing seat, the bearing seat can be installed on the left side plate of the frame movably up and down relative to the frame, a left mounting plate fixed to the left side plate of the frame is provided above the bearing seat, a vertical left screw rod is fixed on the top of the bearing seat, the left screw rod upward passes through the corresponding left mounting plate above, two first locking nuts are threadedly connected on the left screw rod, and the two first locking nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the left mounting plate; the right shaft end of the soil taking shaft extends into and is supported by the first transmission gear box, the first transmission gear box can be installed on the right side plate of the frame movably up and down relative to the frame, a right mounting plate fixed to the right side plate of the frame is provided above the first transmission gear box, a vertical right screw rod is fixed on the top of the first transmission gear box, the right screw rod upward passes through the corresponding right mounting plate above, two second locking nuts are threadedly connected on the right screw rod, and the two second locking nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the right mounting plate.

6. The forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The structure of the scraping mechanism includes: a scraping shaft arranged above the soil-bearing baffle, the scraping shaft is supported in the frame and can rotate around its own axis, and a plurality of scraping blades are fixed on the shaft body of the scraping shaft and rotate synchronously with the scraping shaft. When the scraping blades rotate with the scraping shaft, they can scrape the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle backward into the seed furrow pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism, so that the soil covers the seeds sown into the seed furrow by the sowing mechanism, thereby completing the covering of the seeds in the seed furrow.

7. The forward and reverse rotary tillage and seeding machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The frame is provided with a power transmission mechanism that can simultaneously transmit the power of the tractor to the soil-taking shaft, the soil-scraping shaft and the slotting and pressing shaft. The structure of the power transmission mechanism includes: a front gearbox and a rear gearbox installed on the frame, the front gearbox and the rear gearbox are connected by a first cardan shaft, the rear gearbox has a left output shaft and a right output shaft, the right output shaft of the rear gearbox is connected to the universal joint at one end of the second cardan shaft, and the universal joint at the other end of the second cardan shaft is connected to the soil-taking shaft through a right transmission assembly. The structure of the right transmission assembly includes: gear 1, gear 2, gear 3 and gear 4 are supported in the first transmission gearbox supporting the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft, the universal joint at the other end of the second cardan shaft is connected with gear 1, gear 1 is meshed with gear 2, gear 2 is meshed with gear 3, gear 3 is meshed with gear 4, and gear 4 is meshed with gear 5 mounted on the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft; the left output shaft of the rear gearbox is connected to the universal joint at one end of the third cardan shaft, and the other end of the third cardan shaft The universal joint at the end is connected to the scraper shaft through the left transmission assembly, and the structure of the left transmission assembly includes: a second transmission gear box arranged on the left side plate of the frame, the second transmission gear box supporting gear six, gear seven, gear eight, gear nine, gear ten, and gear eleven, the universal joint at the other end of the third cardan shaft is connected with gear six, gear six is ​​meshed with gear seven, gear seven is meshed with gear eight, gear eight is meshed with gear nine, gear nine is meshed with gear ten and gear eleven at the same time, and gear ten does not contact gear eleven, the gear ten is meshed with gear twelve fitted on the left shaft end of the slotted pressing shaft, the gear eleven is meshed with gear thirteen fitted on the left shaft end of the scraper shaft, the rear gearbox drives the slotted pressing shaft to rotate through the cooperation of the third cardan shaft, gear six, gear seven, gear eight, gear nine, gear ten and gear twelve, and the rear gearbox drives the scraper shaft to rotate through the cooperation of the third cardan shaft, gear six, gear seven, gear eight, gear nine, gear eleven and gear thirteen.

8. The forward and reverse rotary tillage and sowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the sowing mechanism includes: a seed box and several seed guide tubes. The lower end of the seed guide tube is the seed lowering port. Each seed guide tube passes downward through the rear part of the soil-bearing baffle. The seed lowering port of each seed guide tube is located directly below the rear part of the soil-bearing baffle, and is located between the seed trench opening mechanism and the pressing mechanism and corresponds downward one by one to the seed trench pressed out by the seed trench opening mechanism. The upper end of each seed guide tube is connected to the seed box through a rotary sealing valve.

9. The forward and reverse rotary tillage and seeding machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: A flow sensor is provided on each seed guide tube to detect the seed flow in the tube in real time. Each flow sensor is connected to the PLC control system signal. The PLC control system collects the flow data fed back by the flow sensor in real time and compares and analyzes it with the preset safety threshold. When the analysis shows that the flow in a certain seed guide tube is abnormal, an alarm is issued.

10. The forward and reverse rotary tillage and seeding machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: A seed opening protection mechanism is provided on the soil-bearing baffle, and the structure of the seed opening protection mechanism includes: the soil-bearing baffle extends backward to the upper rear side of the slotting and pressing roller of the seed furrow opening mechanism, the rear end of the soil-bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening rear guard baffle located behind each seed opening of the sowing mechanism, the middle part of the soil-bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening front guard baffle, and the seed opening front guard baffle is located in front of each seed opening of the sowing mechanism and behind the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed furrow opening mechanism.

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