Method for interplanting konjak under coffee trees

Abstract

The application discloses a method for interplanting konjak under coffee trees and belongs to the technical field of konjak planting. The method solves the problems of konjak yield reduction and irrigation contradiction caused by the competition of water and nutrients between coffee trees and konjak root systems. The method comprises the following steps: digging a separation ditch between the rows of the coffee trees and inserting a root system separation plate to separate the root system areas of the two crops, laying black plastic mulch to control weeds and conserve soil moisture, positioning konjak seed tubers by opening cross-shaped planting holes, arranging drip irrigation belts in the coffee area, arranging micro-sprinkler belts in the konjak area, and digging konjak tubers along the outer side of the separation plate during harvesting. The method realizes physical isolation of root system competition, layered precise irrigation, reduces the risk of disease and pest transmission, and improves the land utilization efficiency and the commodity rate of konjak.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of konjac planting. More particularly, the present application relates to a method for interplanting konjac under coffee trees. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the interplanting mode of konjac under coffee trees, there are a series of technical problems to be solved. First, the root systems of coffee trees and konjac overlap in growth space, competing for water and nutrients, which limits the growth of konjac and significantly reduces the yield. Second, the root system of coffee trees deeply penetrates the soil and relies on deep water, while the root system of konjac is shallowly distributed and needs shallow irrigation. Traditional irrigation methods cannot meet the water requirements of both, resulting in low water use efficiency. In addition, although mulching can inhibit weeds and maintain soil moisture, long-term mulching leads to a decrease in soil oxygen content, affecting the respiration of konjac root system and the development of tubers. At the same time, the crossing of root systems provides a pathway for the spread of pests and diseases, increasing the risk of soft rot and root rot. Conventional pesticides cannot penetrate the root zone due to the physical barrier of mulch, and the control effect is not good. Soil structure stability is also a major problem. Konjac tubers are prone to deformity during the swelling period due to local soil collapse, reducing the commodity rate. The nutrients produced by the decomposition of organic matter such as coffee leaves cannot effectively migrate horizontally to the konjac root zone, resulting in low nutrient utilization rate and further restricting the growth of konjac. These problems are caused by the conflict of the ecological niches of the two crops, the extensive irrigation method, and the complexity of soil microenvironment regulation, and an approach is urgently needed to optimize root system isolation, water regulation, gas exchange, and soil structure. SUMMARY

[0003] An object of the present application is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages to be described later.

[0004] To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present application, a method for interplanting konjac under coffee trees is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Excavating an isolation ditch between the rows of adult coffee trees, the isolation ditch being parallel to the rows of coffee trees, 50-80 cm from the base of the coffee tree trunk, 40-60 cm deep, and 20-30 cm wide;

[0006] Vertically inserting a root system isolation plate in the isolation ditch, the isolation plate being made of high-density polyethylene material, 1-2 mm thick, the top of the plate being 5-10 cm higher than the ground, and the bottom of the plate extending to the bottom of the ditch;

[0007] Backfilling the soil of the isolation ditch to form separated coffee tree root zone and konjac planting area;

[0008] Laying a black plastic mulch with a thickness of 0.03-0.05 mm on the surface of the soil in the konjac planting area, and compacting the edges of the mulch to cover the top of the isolation plate;

[0009] Make cross-shaped planting holes on the surface of the plastic film at a spacing of 30cm to 40cm between plants:

[0010] Place the concave side of the konjac seed tuber in the soil at the bottom of the planting hole, and cover it with soil up to a depth of 9cm to 12cm.

[0011] Install drip irrigation tape in the root zone of coffee trees, with a dripper flow rate of 1L / h to 2L / h and an irrigation water penetration depth of 30cm to 40cm.

[0012] Install micro-sprinkler belts in the konjac planting area, with a nozzle flow rate of 30L / h to 50L / h and an irrigation water penetration depth controlled at 15cm to 25cm.

[0013] Remove the plastic film during harvest time and dig along the outside of the isolation board to harvest the konjac tubers.

[0014] This invention effectively separates the root growth areas of coffee trees and konjac by digging isolation trenches between coffee tree rows and inserting root isolation boards, significantly reducing competition for water and nutrients between the two. The laying of black plastic mulch suppresses weed growth and maintains soil moisture, while cross-shaped planting holes ensure precise positioning of konjac tubers. The differentiated configuration of drip irrigation tape and micro-sprinkler tape meets the deep water absorption characteristics of coffee trees and the shallow water requirements of konjac. During harvest, digging along the isolation boards avoids damage to the tubers, improving the integrity rate of the konjac tubers.

[0015] Preferably, before laying the black plastic film, a porous oxygen supply pipe is laid on the soil surface of the konjac planting area. The porous oxygen supply pipe is a PVC corrugated pipe with a diameter of 3cm to 5cm, and the pipe wall has a hole density of 20 to 30 holes per square meter with a hole diameter of 5mm to 8mm.

[0016] The porous oxygen supply pipe extends parallel to the konjac planting row, and one end of the pipe extends to the boundary of the konjac planting zone and connects to the main oxygen supply pipe, which is connected to the fan.

[0017] When laying black plastic mulch, ensure that the mulch covers and presses firmly onto the surface of the porous oxygen delivery pipe;

[0018] During the period from seed emergence to leaf expansion of konjac tubers, micro-sprinkler irrigation should be turned on, with each irrigation lasting 10 to 15 minutes.

[0019] When the konjac leaves reach 50% of the maximum leaf area of ​​a single plant, remove the micro-sprinkler tape from the konjac planting area and connect a negative pressure fan to one end of the porous oxygen supply pipe, operating at a speed of 5m... 3 / h to 8m 3 Force air into the pipeline at a flow rate of / h, and extend the drip irrigation tape from the coffee tree root zone to the konjac planting zone, switch to drip irrigation mode, and adjust the dripper flow rate to 1.5L / h to 2.5L / h;

[0020] Maintain forced air and drip irrigation until the konjac tuber is mature and harvested.

[0021] In the present application, the porous oxygen supply pipe is added to combine with the forced air mechanism to dynamically adjust the oxygen content in the konjac root zone under the mulching film, solving the problem of soil oxygen deficiency caused by high humidity environment. Micro-sprinkling irrigation promotes seedling growth during the seedling stage, and drip irrigation is switched and the air supply system is started during the leaf expansion stage, synchronously optimizing the soil gas environment and water supply. The synergistic measures significantly enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of konjac and accelerate the accumulation of tuber matter.

[0022] Preferably, water-permeable holes are added to the isolation plate, with a diameter of 5mm to 8mm;

[0023] The water-permeable hole density is gradiently distributed along the height direction of the isolation plate, with a density of 25 to 30 per square meter in the area 10cm underground to the top of the plate, and a density of 10 to 15 per square meter in the area from 10cm underground to the bottom of the ditch;

[0024] A soil moisture sensor is arranged at a depth of 15cm to 20cm in the konjac planting area to monitor the moisture of the konjac root layer in real time. During the forced air supply stage, when the moisture of the konjac root layer is monitored to be lower than 60%, the drip irrigation system of the konjac planting area is automatically started to supplement irrigation at a flow rate of 1.5L / h to 2.5L / h, and stops until the moisture returns to 65% to 70%.

[0025] In the present application, the gradient water-permeable hole design of the isolation plate realizes intelligent control of vertical water penetration. The high-density holes at the top of the plate promote rainwater infiltration, and the low-density holes at the bottom of the ditch prevent water from flowing back to the coffee root zone. The soil moisture sensor monitors the moisture content of the konjac root layer in real time, and automatically triggers the drip irrigation system when the moisture is below the threshold value, accurately maintaining the required moisture range during the tuber enlargement period, and preventing tuber cracking caused by sudden changes in dry and wet conditions.

[0026] Preferably, a medicament slow-release layer is laid under the black plastic mulch film;

[0027] The medicament slow-release layer is a matrine-azadirachtin composite particle, with a laying thickness of 1.5cm to 2cm;

[0028] The laying position of the medicament slow-release layer is in the soil layer interval 5cm to 8cm above the konjac planting depth;

[0029] During the leaf expansion period to the tuber enlargement period of konjac, 0.1% to 0.2% of Bacillus subtilis suspension is applied simultaneously with each irrigation through the micro-sprinkling belt, with an application amount of 30L / mu·time.

[0030] The invention is to lay the matrine-azadirachtin slow-release layer under the mulch film, directly act on the soil of the konjac root zone, and break through the physical barrier of the mulch film to the traditional pesticides. The Bacillus subtilis suspension is synchronously delivered by micro-spraying irrigation, forming a double protection system of chemical and biological. The slow-release layer is buried at a depth avoiding the coffee root zone, ensuring the targeted release of the pesticide and not polluting the coffee tree, and realizing the ecological safety of the interplanting system.

[0031] Preferably, the matrine-azadirachtin composite particles are prepared by the following method:

[0032] The vermiculite particles are calcined in a muffle furnace at 450-480°C for 2-3h, and then sieved through a 40-60 mesh screen after cooling to obtain a porous activated vermiculite carrier;

[0033] A mixed pesticide solution is prepared according to the ratio of matrine: azadirachtin: ethanol: water = 1g: 2.5g: 15mL: 5mL, the porous activated vermiculite carrier is immersed in the mixed pesticide solution, ultrasonic oscillation is performed for 30min, the ultrasonic power is 300W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and then rotary evaporation is performed under vacuum at 45-50°C until there is no liquid residue on the surface of the carrier;

[0034] The vermiculite carrier loaded with the pesticide solution is placed in a fluidized bed, and the airflow is 1.5m 3 / min-2m 3 / min to fluidize it, and the coating liquid is sprayed to coat the bottom film; the coating liquid is prepared by dissolving sodium alginate and chitosan in a 0.5% acetic acid solution at a mass ratio of 3:1, and the solid content is 4%-5%; the weight gain rate of the bottom film is 8%-10% of the mass of the carrier;

[0035] The particles coated with the bottom film are immersed in a 0.1mol / L calcium chloride solution for 10min, and then hot air drying is performed at 50-55°C until the water content is ≤5%;

[0036] A hydrophobic modifier is sprayed on the surface of the crosslinked and solidified particles, the hydrophobic modifier is an ethanol suspension of stearic acid-nano silicon dioxide mixed at a mass ratio of 10:1, and the spraying amount is 1.5%-2.0% of the mass of the particles.

[0037] In the invention, the porous activated vermiculite carrier is loaded by ultrasonic and coated by fluidized bed, realizing efficient adsorption and slow release of matrine-azadirachtin. The sodium alginate-chitosan bottom film is crosslinked and solidified in the calcium chloride solution, enhancing the structural stability of the particles. The hydrophobic modifier is sprayed to form a water-resistant barrier, delaying the dissolution rate of the pesticide, and ensuring the sustained prevention effect during the entire growth period.

[0038] Preferably, a sisal fiber bundle layer is laid in the backfill soil of the isolation ditch;

[0039] The length of the sisal fiber bundle is 15-20cm, the diameter is 0.5-1cm, and the addition amount is 3%-5% of the volume of the backfill soil.

[0040] The fiber bundles are horizontally layered in the backfill, laid in two layers, with a layer spacing of 8-12 cm, and the uppermost layer is 20-25 cm from the ground surface.

[0041] In the present application, the sisal fiber bundles are horizontally layered in the isolation ditch backfill soil, constructing a capillary water transport network and promoting the lateral migration of coffee leaf decay nutrients. The fiber bundles improve soil porosity and water conductivity, alleviate the blocking effect of the isolation plate on the water channel, ensure water supply for the konjac seedling stage, and shorten the seedling period.

[0042] Preferably, a konjac petiole reinforcing net is laid between the sisal fiber bundle layers;

[0043] The reinforcing net is made from discarded petioles after konjac harvesting, squeezed to remove juice, cut into sections, and hot-pressed into shape, with the mesh holes in a rhombic structure;

[0044] The reinforcing net is laid below the sisal fiber bundle layers.

[0045] In the present application, the konjac petiole reinforcing net is orthogonally laid between the sisal fiber bundle layers, forming a three-dimensional support structure. The rhombic mesh holes of the hot-pressed net disperse soil stress and inhibit local collapse after degradation of the fiber bundles. The composite layer significantly improves soil bearing capacity, reduces mechanical damage during tuber enlargement, and reduces the rate of misshapen tubers.

[0046] Preferably, a coffee peel decomposition layer is laid below the konjac petiole reinforcing net;

[0047] The decomposition layer is made by mixing coffee fresh peel with quicklime at a mass ratio of 100:1 and composting for 15-20 days, with a laying thickness of 3-5 cm;

[0048] 200-300 g of pyrite slag is added per cubic meter in the decomposition layer.

[0049] In the present application, the addition of pyrite slag in the coffee peel decomposition layer blocks the chelation of soil iron elements by blackish substances, eliminating the iron absorption barrier of konjac. Quicklime adjusts the pH value of the compost, accelerates the decomposition of the peel, and activates the nitrogen-fixing bacterial population. The decomposition layer continuously releases nitrogen and trace elements, promoting the photosynthetic capacity of konjac leaves and tuber enlargement.

[0050] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present application will be apparent from the following specification, and will be understood by those skilled in the art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the examples, so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the description.

[0052] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0053] <Embodiment 1>

[0054] A method for interplanting konjac in coffee undergrowth, comprising the following steps:

[0055] Excavating an isolation ditch in the inter-row space of adult coffee trees, the isolation ditch being parallel to the coffee tree row, 65 cm away from the base of the coffee tree trunk, 50 cm deep, and 25 cm wide;

[0056] Vertically inserting a root system isolation plate in the isolation ditch, the isolation plate being made of high-density polyethylene material, 1.5 mm thick, the top of the plate being 7 cm higher than the ground, and the bottom of the plate extending to the bottom of the ditch;

[0057] Backfilling the soil in the isolation ditch to form a separated coffee tree root system area and a konjac planting area;

[0058] Laying a black plastic mulch film with a thickness of 0.04 mm on the surface of the soil in the konjac planting area, and compacting the edges of the film to cover the top of the isolation plate;

[0059] Opening cross-shaped planting holes with a plant spacing of 35 cm on the surface of the film:

[0060] Placing konjac seed tubers with concave surfaces upward at the bottom of the planting holes, and covering the soil to a depth of 10 cm at the top of the seed tubers;

[0061] Installing a drip irrigation tape in the coffee tree root system area, the flow rate of the drip head being 1.5 L / h, and the irrigation water penetration depth being controlled at 35 cm;

[0062] Installing a micro-sprinkler tape in the konjac planting area, the flow rate of the sprinkler head being 40 L / h, and the irrigation water penetration depth being controlled at 20 cm;

[0063] Removing the film at the harvesting period, and digging the konjac tubers along the outside of the isolation plate.

[0064] <Embodiment 2>

[0065] On the basis of Embodiment 1, the following measures are additionally taken:

[0066] Before laying the black plastic mulch film, a porous oxygen supply pipe is laid on the surface of the soil in the konjac planting area, the porous oxygen supply pipe being a PVC corrugated pipe with a diameter of 4 cm, the pipe wall having a hole density of 25 holes per square meter, and a hole diameter of 6 mm;

[0067] The extension direction of the porous oxygen supply pipe is parallel to the konjac planting row, and one end of the pipe extends to the boundary of the konjac planting area and is connected to a main oxygen supply pipe, the main oxygen supply pipe being connected to a fan;

[0068] When laying black plastic mulch, cover and compact the surface of the porous oxygen supply pipe with the mulch;

[0069] During the seedling stage to the leaf stage of the konjac, open the micro-sprinkler irrigation, and each irrigation lasts for 12 minutes;

[0070] When the leaf area of the konjac reaches 50% of the maximum leaf area per plant, remove the micro-sprinkler irrigation in the konjac planting area, and connect a negative pressure fan to one end of the porous oxygen supply pipe, and force air into the pipe at a flow rate of 5m 3 / h to 8m 3 / h, and at the same time, extend the drip irrigation pipe in the coffee root zone to the konjac planting area, switch to drip irrigation mode, and adjust the flow rate of the dripper to 1.5L / h to 2.5L / h;

[0071] Maintain forced air and drip irrigation until the konjac tubers are mature and harvested.

[0072] <Embodiment 3>

[0073] Based on Embodiment 2, the following measures are also added:

[0074] Add water-permeable holes to the isolation plate, with a diameter of 6mm;

[0075] The density of the water-permeable holes is gradiently distributed along the height direction of the isolation plate, with a density of 28 holes per square meter in the area 10cm above the ground to the bottom of the trench, and a density of 13 holes per square meter in the area 10cm below the ground to the bottom of the trench;

[0076] Place a soil moisture sensor at a depth of 17cm in the konjac planting area to monitor the moisture of the konjac root layer in real time. During the forced air stage, when the moisture of the konjac root layer is detected to be lower than 60%, automatically start the drip irrigation system in the konjac planting area with a dripper flow rate of 2.0L / h to supplement irrigation, and stop when the moisture returns to 70%.

[0077] <Embodiment 4>

[0078] Based on Embodiment 3, the following measures are also added:

[0079] Lay a medicament slow-release layer under the black plastic mulch;

[0080] The medicament slow-release layer is a matrine-azadirachtin composite particle, with a laying thickness of 1.8cm;

[0081] The laying position of the medicament slow-release layer is in the soil layer 6cm above the burial depth of the konjac seedling;

[0082] During the leaf stage to the tuber swelling stage of the konjac, synchronously apply 0.15% Bacillus subtilis suspension through the micro-sprinkler irrigation, with an application amount of 30L / acre·time.

[0083] Matrine-Azadirachtin composite particles are prepared by the following method:

[0084] The vermiculite particles are placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 480°C for 2h, and after cooling, are passed through a 50 mesh sieve to obtain a porous activated vermiculite carrier;

[0085] A mixed drug solution is prepared in the ratio of matrine: azadirachtin: ethanol: water = 1g: 2.5g: 15mL: 5mL, and the porous activated vermiculite carrier is immersed in the mixed drug solution, ultrasonically oscillated for 30min, with an ultrasonic power of 300W and an ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz, and then rotary evaporated under vacuum at 48°C until no liquid remains on the surface of the carrier;

[0086] The vermiculite carrier loaded with the drug solution is placed in a fluidized bed, fluidized by a gas flow of 1.8m 3 / min, and a coating solution is sprayed to coat a bottom film; the coating solution is prepared by dissolving sodium alginate and chitosan in a 0.5% acetic acid solution at a mass ratio of 3:1, with a solid content of 4%; the weight gain rate of the bottom film is 8%–10% of the mass of the carrier;

[0087] The particles coated with the bottom film are immersed in a 0.1mol / L calcium chloride solution for 10min, and after being taken out, are dried with hot air at 55°C until the water content is ≤5%;

[0088] A hydrophobic modifier is sprayed on the surface of the crosslinked and solidified particles, and the hydrophobic modifier is a stearic acid-nano silicon dioxide (particle size 50nm–80nm) ethanol suspension mixed at a mass ratio of 10:1, with a spraying amount of 1.5%–2.0% of the mass of the particles.

[0089] <Example 5>

[0090] On the basis of Example 4, the following measures are also added:

[0091] A layer of sisal fiber bundles is laid in the backfill soil in the isolation trench;

[0092] The length of the sisal fiber bundles is 15cm–20cm, the diameter is 0.5cm–1cm, and the addition amount is 3%–5% of the volume of the backfill soil;

[0093] The fiber bundles are distributed in a horizontal layer when backfilling, and two layers are laid, with a layer spacing of 10cm, and the uppermost layer is 20cm from the ground surface.

[0094] <Example 6>

[0095] A konjak petiole reinforcing net is laid between the layers of sisal fiber bundles;

[0096] The reinforcing net is made from the discarded petiole of konjac after juice extraction (water content ≤15%), cutting (length 8 cm-10 cm), and hot pressing (temperature 120℃±5℃, pressure 8 MPa-10 MPa), and the mesh is in a diamond structure (diagonal line length 4 cm×6 cm);

[0097] The reinforcing net is laid under the sisal fiber bundle layer.

[0098] <Example 7>

[0099] A coffee peel decomposition layer is laid under the konjac petiole reinforcing net.

[0100] The decomposition layer is made by mixing coffee fresh peel (water content 65%-70%) and quicklime at a mass ratio of 100:1 and composting for 15-20 days, and the laying thickness is 3 cm.

[0101] 200g-300g of pyrite cinder (Fe content ≥45%, particle size 0.5mm-1mm) is added per cubic meter in the decomposition layer.

[0102] <Comparative Example 1>

[0103] A konjac planting method, comprising the following steps:

[0104] An open-air farmland with a slope of ≤15° is selected, and the crop is not shaded. The soil is deeply plowed to 30 cm, and 2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure + 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) is applied per mu as base fertilizer.

[0105] Healthy konjac seed tubers with a weight of 100-150g are selected, and soaked in 800 times liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30 minutes for disinfection before sowing.

[0106] The planting holes are opened with a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 40 cm, the seed tubers are placed with the concave surface facing up, and the soil is covered to a depth of 10 cm at the top. The whole field is covered with 0.04 mm black plastic mulch.

[0107] Ditch irrigation is used throughout the growth period, and each irrigation amount is 50-60 m 3 / mu, so that the soil wetting depth reaches 40-50 cm, and the irrigation frequency is once a week during the seedling stage and once every 5 days during the tuber bulking stage.

[0108] Soft rot prevention: spray 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder 3000 times liquid every 10 days during the leaf expansion period.

[0109] Pest control: spray 2.5% bromocyclen emulsion 2000 times liquid.

[0110] The aboveground part is dug up in one time after wilting.

[0111] Comparative Example 2

[0112] A konjac under-forest planting method, comprising the following steps:

[0113] An adult coffee plantation with a canopy density of 40-50% is selected, and no isolation ditch is excavated. The soil is directly prepared between the rows of coffee trees.

[0114] Base fertilizer application: 1500 kg of matured cow dung + 30 kg of superphosphate per mu is applied.

[0115] Seedling disinfection: soak for 20 minutes in 800 times solution of 50% thiophanate-methyl.

[0116] Planting specifications: along the direction of the coffee tree row, a shallow trench (10 cm deep) is dug, with a plant spacing of 35 cm, the concave surface of the seedling facing upwards, and the buried depth of the soil being 8-10 cm.

[0117] Coffee trees and konjac share an irrigation ditch, and each time the water is irrigated to 2 / 3 of the ditch depth (about 60 m 3 / mu). Irrigation frequency: once a week in the dry season, and relying on natural precipitation in the rainy season.

[0118] Disease: spray 500 times solution of 70% mancozeb wettable powder every 15 days during the konjac leaf expansion period.

[0119] Pest: spray 1500 times solution of 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsion when larvae are found.

[0120] Artificial weeding 3-4 times, and pruning lower branches when the coffee trees are excessively shaded.

[0121] Konjac is dug up after wilting, and it is difficult to distinguish between coffee and konjac root systems, with a tuber damage rate of 15-20%.

[0122] <Experimental scheme>

[0123] An adult small-grain coffee plantation (8 years old) with a canopy density of 40-50% is selected in Simao District, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, and 9 test plots (30 m x 5 m each) are set up and randomly allocated to implement the schemes:

[0124] Example group: according to Examples 1-7, respectively;

[0125] Control group: Comparative Example 1 (open-air monoculture), Comparative Example 2 (traditional under-forest intercropping);

[0126] The konjac variety is Huamao, the seedling weight is 120 g, and the planting density is 3000 plants / mu; the coffee variety is Catimor.

[0127] (1) Test objects: Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2

[0128] Test method: 1) Root crossing ratio: 90 days after planting, profile excavation, using fluorescence tracing method (injection of 5% fluorescein sodium solution to the coffee root zone, 48h after ultraviolet light detection of konjac root zone fluorescence area); 2) Disease detection: according to "GB / T 17980.54-2004" to count the incidence of soft rot (konjac) and root rot (coffee).

[0129] Test results:

[0130]

[0131] The isolation plate reduces the root overlap rate by 87.8% (p<0.01), the incidence of konjac soft rot by 83.9%, and the incidence of coffee root rot by 89.6%, proving that physical isolation effectively blocks competition and pathogen transmission.

[0132] (2) Test object: Example 1, Example 2

[0133] Test method: 1) Soil oxygen content: during the leaf expansion period, use soil gas analyzer (ISO 11271:2002) to monitor O2 content at 20 cm below the ground surface; photosynthetic rate: portable photosynthetic instrument (LI-6400XT) to measure the CO2 assimilation amount (μmol / m 2 / s) of konjac leaves.

[0134] Test results:

[0135]

[0136] Forced air supply increases soil O2 by 60.9% (p<0.05) and photosynthetic rate by 42.6% (p<0.01), confirming that the oxygen supply pipe maintains gas exchange.

[0137] (3) Test object: Example 2, Example 3

[0138] Test method: 1) Soil moisture: continuously monitor the moisture content of the 15-20 cm soil layer during the tuber bulking period (sensor calibration according to GB / T 36377-2018); 2) Tuber cracking rate: count the number of cracked tubers at harvest; 3) Bulking speed: measure the volume of tubers every week (draining method).

[0139] Test results:

[0140]

[0141] Automatic drip irrigation stabilizes the humidity in the target range (60-70%), reduces the cracking rate by 88.3% (p<0.01), and increases the bulking speed by 60.8%.

[0142] (3) Test object: Example 3, Example 4

[0143] Test method: 1) Drug penetration test: sustained-release layer migration: detect the matrine content in konjac rhizosphere soil (0-10 cm depth) by HPLC method according to GB / T 20770-2008, and the sampling time is 30 days after laying the sustained-release layer (konjac leaf expansion period); Bacterial liquid penetration: dilution coating method is used to determine the viable bacterial count (CFU / g) in the root zone soil (0-5 cm), and the sampling time is 24 hours after bacterial liquid irrigation. 2) Soft rot incidence: according to GB / T 17980.54-2004, the incidence at the end of tuber bulking period is counted. 3) Coffee tree pollution risk: GC-MS is used to detect pesticide residues in coffee leaves (GB 23200.121-2021).

[0144] Test results:

[0145] Detection index Example 4 Example 3 Change effect Matrine content in rhizosphere (μg / g) 18.3 ± 1.5 Not detected ↑ 18.3 μg / g Root zone Bacillus subtilis (x10 6 CFU / g)]]> ​ 5.7 ± 0.4 0.01 ± 0.002 ↑ 570 times Incidence of konjac soft rot (%) 4.1 ± 0.6 23.3 ± 1.8 ↓82.4% Coffee leaf pesticide residue Not detected Not detected No pollution risk

[0146] The sustained-release layer is buried in the soil layer 5-8 cm above the seed tuber, directly bypassing the mulch barrier, so that matrine is stably released to the rhizosphere. The bacterial liquid is injected into the soil under the mulch through the micro-sprinkler belt, and the viable bacterial count reaches 5.7x10 6 CFU / g. The synergistic effect of root zone drugs and probiotics reduces the incidence of soft rot from 23.3% to 4.1% (p<0.01), confirming that the drugs have successfully reached the disease occurrence site. The drugs are located underground throughout the process, and no residues are detected in coffee leaves, achieving the dual goal of "konjac disease prevention-coffee safety".

[0147] (4) Test object: Example 4, Example 5, Comparative Example 1

[0148] Test method: 1) Capillary water rise: water rise rate is determined at seedling stage for 30 days (vertical soil column method, GB / T50123-2019); 2) Leaf nitrogen content: Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method (GB 5009.5-2016); 3) Nitrogen lateral penetration: simulate leaf decomposition experiment (15N labeled leaves, detect 15N abundance in konjac area after 7 days).

[0149] Test results:

[0150] Group Capillary water velocity (cm / h) Leaf nitrogen content (mg / g) Nitrogen permeation (mg / m 2 / day) Example 5 2.1 ± 0.1 3.82 ± 0.15 87.3 ± 4.2 Example 4 0.9 ± 0.1 2.91 ± 0.12 32.6 ± 3.1 Comparative example 1 2.3 ± 0.2 4.05 ± 0.18 -

[0151] Sisal fiber bundles increase the capillary water rate by 133%, the leaf nitrogen content reaches 94.3% of the open-air planting level (p>0.05), and the nitrogen penetration amount increases by 168%.

[0152] (5) Test object: Example 5, Example 6

[0153] Test method: 1) cavity detection: after planting for 120 days, the original soil column (diameter 10 cm, height 10 cm) was taken from the konjac planting area at a depth of 15 cm and 25 cm, 3 repeated soil columns (total 6 soil columns) were taken for each treatment, and the soil column was scanned using SkyScan 1272 micro-CT system (resolution 10 μm), 3D structure was reconstructed, parameters were set: voltage 80 kV, current 125 μA, rotation step 0.4°, exposure time 300 ms, pores with a diameter of >1 mm were identified by CTAn software (threshold segmentation method), and the number of cavities per unit volume (pieces / cm 3 ) was counted; 2) tuber deformity rate: the proportion of deformed / bifurcated tubers was counted at harvest; 3) soil compressive strength: the bearing capacity of the 15-25 cm soil layer was determined by a universal material testing machine (ASTM D2166).

[0154] Test results:

[0155]

[0156] The leaf web reduced the cavity density in the 15-25 cm soil layer by more than 92% (p<0.01), proving that it effectively prevented the degradation and collapse of the fiber bundle, and reduced the deformity rate by 75.6% and the compressive strength by 40.7%.

[0157] (6) Test object: Example 6, Example 7

[0158] Test method: 1) iron absorption: atomic absorption spectrometry (GB / T 5009.90-2016) was used to measure Fe 2+ ; 2) nitrogen-fixing bacteria count: Ashby nitrogen-free medium dilution coating method (CFU / g); 3) chlorophyll SPAD: chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502) was used to measure functional leaves.

[0159] Test results:

[0160] Group Root Fe 2+ (μg / g) Azotobacter (CFU / g) Chlorophyll SPAD value Example 7 189 ± 11 4.7 x 10 5 ]]> 42.3 ± 1.2 Example 6 107 ± 8 3.2×10³ 36.1 ± 0.9

[0161] Pyrite slag increased iron absorption by 76.6% (p<0.01), nitrogen-fixing bacteria density by 146 times, and SPAD value by 17.2% (p<0.05), eliminating the inhibitory effect of black-like.

[0162] Examples 1-7 respectively solve the coffee-konjac intercropping problem through physical isolation, dynamic gas regulation, precise irrigation, fiber bundle water guide, enhanced net anti-collapse, and decomposition layer microecological regulation, significantly improving konjac yield (63.8% higher than traditional understory mixed cropping) and quality (cracked tuber rate <2%).

[0163] While embodiments of the application have been disclosed in connection with the above specification, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications can be made thereto without departing from the overall concept of the application. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications be included within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping konjac under coffee trees, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Dig isolation trenches between rows of mature coffee trees. These trenches are parallel to the rows of coffee trees, 50cm to 80cm from the base of the coffee tree trunk, 40cm to 60cm deep, and 20cm to 30cm wide. A root isolation board is vertically inserted into the isolation trench. The isolation board is made of high-density polyethylene material, with a thickness of 1 mm to 2 mm. The top of the board is 5 cm to 10 cm above the ground, and the bottom of the board extends to the bottom of the trench. Backfill the isolation trench with soil to create a separate coffee tree root zone and konjac planting zone; A black plastic film with a thickness of 0.03mm to 0.05mm is laid on the soil surface in the konjac planting area, and the edges of the film are pressed down to cover the top of the isolation board; Make cross-shaped planting holes on the surface of the plastic film at a spacing of 30cm to 40cm between plants: Place the concave side of the konjac seed tuber in the soil at the bottom of the planting hole, and cover it with soil up to a depth of 9cm to 12cm. Install drip irrigation tape in the root zone of coffee trees, with a dripper flow rate of 1L / h to 2L / h and an irrigation water penetration depth of 30cm to 40cm. Install micro-sprinkler belts in the konjac planting area, with a nozzle flow rate of 30L / h to 50L / h and an irrigation water penetration depth controlled at 15cm to 25cm. During the harvest season, remove the plastic film and dig along the outside of the isolation board to harvest the konjac tubers. Before laying the black plastic film, porous oxygen supply pipes are laid on the soil surface of the konjac planting area. The porous oxygen supply pipes are PVC corrugated pipes with a diameter of 3cm to 5cm, and the pipe wall opening density is 20 to 30 holes per square meter with a hole diameter of 5mm to 8mm. The porous oxygen supply pipe extends parallel to the konjac planting row, and one end of the pipe extends to the boundary of the konjac planting zone and connects to the main oxygen supply pipe, which is connected to the fan. When laying black plastic mulch, ensure that the mulch covers and presses firmly onto the surface of the porous oxygen delivery pipe; During the period from seed emergence to leaf expansion of konjac tubers, micro-sprinkler irrigation should be turned on, with each irrigation lasting 10 to 15 minutes. When the konjac leaves reach 50% of the maximum leaf area of ​​a single plant, remove the micro-sprinkler tape from the konjac planting area and connect a negative pressure fan to one end of the porous oxygen supply pipe, operating at a speed of 5m... 3 / h to 8m 3 Force air into the pipeline at a flow rate of / h, and extend the drip irrigation tape from the coffee tree root zone to the konjac planting zone, switch to drip irrigation mode, and adjust the dripper flow rate to 1.5L / h to 2.5L / h; Maintain forced ventilation and drip irrigation until the konjac tubers mature and are harvested; A slow-release layer of the agent is laid under the black plastic mulch film; The sustained-release layer of the drug is composed of matrine-azapine composite particles, with a thickness of 1.5cm–2cm; The slow-release agent layer is laid in the soil layer 5cm–8cm above the burial depth of the konjac seed tuber; During the leaf expansion stage to the tuber enlargement stage of konjac, 0.1%–0.2% of Bacillus subtilis suspension is applied simultaneously with each irrigation via the micro-sprinkler, at a rate of 30 L / acre per application.

2. The method for intercropping konjac under coffee trees as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Water-permeable holes are added to the isolation plate, with a diameter of 5mm to 8mm; The density of permeable holes is distributed in a gradient along the height of the isolation plate. The density of holes in the area from the top of the plate to 10cm underground is 25 to 30 per square meter, and the density of holes in the area from 10cm underground to the bottom of the trench is 10 to 15 per square meter. Soil moisture sensors are installed at a depth of 15cm to 20cm in the konjac planting area to monitor the moisture of the konjac root layer in real time. During the forced ventilation stage, when the moisture of the konjac root layer is detected to be lower than 60%, the drip irrigation system of the konjac planting area is automatically started to supplement irrigation at a dripper flow rate of 1.5L / h to 2.5L / h until the moisture recovers to 65% to 70% and then stops.

3. The method for intercropping konjac under coffee trees as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Matrine-azadirachtin composite granules were prepared by the following method: Vermiculite particles were placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 450℃–480℃ for 2h–3h. After cooling, they were passed through a 40-60 mesh sieve to obtain a porous activated vermiculite carrier. A mixed drug solution was prepared according to the ratio of matrine: azadirachtin: ethanol: water = 1g: 2.5g: 15mL: 5mL. The porous activated vermiculite carrier was immersed in the mixed drug solution and ultrasonically vibrated for 30min at an ultrasonic power of 300W and an ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz. Then, it was rotary evaporated under vacuum conditions of 45℃–50℃ until there was no liquid residue on the surface of the carrier. The vermiculite carrier loaded with the drug solution was placed in a fluidized bed at a speed of 1.5 m. 3 / min–2m 3 A flow rate of / min fluidizes the substrate, and a coating solution is sprayed in to coat it with the substrate. The coating solution is prepared by dissolving sodium alginate and chitosan in a 3:1 mass ratio in a 0.5% acetic acid solution, with a solid content of 4%–5%. The substrate weight gain is 8%–10% of the carrier mass. The particles coated with the bottom film were immersed in a 0.1 mol / L calcium chloride solution for 10 min, and then dried with hot air at 50℃–55℃ until the moisture content was ≤5%. A hydrophobic modifier is sprayed onto the surface of the cross-linked and cured particles. The hydrophobic modifier is an ethanol suspension of stearic acid and nano-silica mixed in a mass ratio of 10:1, and the amount of spraying accounts for 1.5%–2.0% of the particle mass.

4. The method for intercropping konjac under coffee trees as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A layer of sisal fiber bundles is laid in the backfill soil of the isolation trench; The sisal fiber bundles are 15cm–20cm in length and 0.5cm–1cm in diameter, and are added at a rate of 3%–5% of the backfill volume. The fiber bundles are distributed horizontally in layers during backfilling, with two layers laid, the layer spacing being 8cm–12cm, and the top layer being 20cm–25cm from the ground surface.

5. The method for intercropping konjac under coffee trees as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A konjac petiole reinforcing mesh is laid between the sisal fiber bundle layers; The reinforcing mesh is made from the waste petioles of konjac after harvesting, which are then pressed to extract juice, cut into sections, and hot-pressed into shape. The mesh has a diamond-shaped structure. The reinforcing mesh is laid beneath the sisal fiber bundle layer.

6. The method for intercropping konjac under coffee trees as described in claim 5, characterized in that, A layer of decomposed coffee husks is laid beneath the konjac petiole reinforcing net. The decomposed layer is made by mixing fresh coffee husks and quicklime at a mass ratio of 100:1 and composting for 15-20 days, with a thickness of 3cm-5cm. Add 200g-300g of pyrite slag per cubic meter to the decomposed layer.

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