Ecological cycle coupling method for marigold planting and laying hen breeding

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecological cycle, and particularly discloses an ecological cycle coupling method for marigold planting and laying hen breeding, which comprises the following steps: S1, marigold planting: planting marigold in an area with soil selenium content greater than or equal to 0.15 mg / kg, harvesting flowers in a flowering phase, drying at a low temperature of 40-50 DEG C, and crushing to 80-100 meshes to obtain marigold dry pollen; wherein the content of the xanthophyll is 1.5%-3%; according to the method, the marigold is planted in the selenium-rich soil area, and the marigold is crushed into fine powder after being subjected to low-temperature drying treatment at the specific temperature for the specific time, so that the high content of xanthophyll in the marigold dry pollen is ensured, and a high-quality raw material basis is provided for subsequent preparation of functional feed. The functional feed with specific nutritional ingredients is prepared by taking the basic feed for the laying hens as a substrate, adding a certain proportion of dried marigold pollen to replace the same amount of soybean meal and adding selenium-enriched corn at the same time, and the setting of the feed not only enriches the dietary structure of the laying hens, but also improves the content of xanthophyll and selenium in eggs in a natural mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecological circulation, and particularly relates to an ecological circulation coupling method for marigold planting and laying hen breeding. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agricultural ecological cycle technology, with the growth of global population and the increasing shortage of resources, how to realize the resource utilization of agricultural waste, increase the added value of agricultural products and ensure the sustainability of agricultural production has become an important issue in the current development of agricultural science and technology. In recent years, as the concept of ecological agriculture has become popular, a variety of agricultural ecological cycle models have emerged. Among them, the organic combination of planting and breeding industries to form a closed ecological cycle chain has become a development model with significant ecological and economic benefits.

[0003] In the existing agricultural ecological recycling technology, although there have been many attempts to combine plant cultivation with animal husbandry, the coupling model of marigold cultivation and laying hen farming still faces many challenges in technical implementation and effect optimization, especially in how to efficiently utilize agricultural waste, improve the quality of agricultural products and realize resource recycling. The existing technology still has obvious deficiencies. Under the traditional model, marigold cultivation often relies on a large amount of chemical fertilizers, which not only leads to soil compaction and decreased fertility, but also may cause environmental pollution; while laying hen farming generally uses conventional feed, and the nutritional components of eggs are single, which is difficult to meet the market demand for high-quality, high-value-added agricultural products. More importantly, the existing technology lacks an effective connection mechanism in the material circulation and energy flow between marigold cultivation and laying hen farming, resulting in the failure to fully utilize agricultural waste and low resource recycling efficiency. Therefore, staff need to improve it. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological cycle coupling method for marigold planting and laying hen breeding to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The ecological cycle coupling method of marigold planting and laying hen breeding includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Marigold planting: Marigolds were planted in areas where the soil selenium content was ≥0.15 mg / kg. The flowers were harvested during the flowering period, dried at 40-50°C, and then crushed to 80-100 mesh to obtain marigold dry pollen with a lutein content of 1.5%-3%;

[0008] S2. Preparation of functional feed: Using laying hen basal feed as the matrix, 5 wt% marigold dry pollen was added to replace an equal amount of soybean meal, and selenium-enriched corn with a selenium content of 0.15 mg / kg was added, and the mixture was mixed uniformly to prepare the functional feed;

[0009] S3. Feeding management of laying hens: adopt a stepped lighting program with 16 hours of light per day, feed the functional feed prepared in step S2 to 26-32 week old Hy-Line Brown laying hens, and the stocking density is ≤8 birds / m 2 , obtain functional eggs with lutein content ≥1.2mg / 100g and selenium content of 0.15-0.5mg / kg;

[0010] S4. Chicken manure fermentation: Layer manure is collected, the moisture content is adjusted to 55%-60%, and then fed into the COMPO-STAR fermentation system. Aerobic fermentation is carried out at 55-65°C for 72 hours to produce organic fertilizer with an organic matter content of ≥45% and a moisture content of ≤30%.

[0011] S5. Recycling of organic fertilizer: applying the organic fertilizer obtained in step S4 to the marigold planting field at a rate of 10-12 tons / mu / year, while reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer by 30%.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the yolk of the functional egg obtained has a Robertson color scale of ≥13.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the mortality rate of the laying hen group is ≤3.2%.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the crude protein content of the functional feed is 16-18%, and the metabolizable energy is 11-12 MJ / kg.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, 0.5-1% of a composite bacterial agent is added during the fermentation process, wherein the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria in a ratio of 3:1:1.

[0016] Preferably, in step S5, after applying organic fertilizer, the annual growth rate of soil organic matter content is ≥0.2%, and the available selenium content in the soil is increased by 15-20%.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] By growing marigolds in selenium-rich soil, drying them at a specific temperature and time, and then grinding them into a fine powder, the dried marigold pollen is guaranteed to contain a high lutein content, providing a high-quality raw material base for the subsequent preparation of functional feed. By using a basic laying hen feed as a matrix, adding a certain proportion of dried marigold pollen to replace an equal amount of soybean meal, and simultaneously adding selenium-enriched corn, a functional feed with specific nutritional profiles is prepared. This feed not only enriches the laying hen's diet but also naturally increases the lutein and selenium content in the eggs. In the feeding management of laying hens, a stepped lighting program and controlled stocking density are implemented to ensure that the laying hens grow in a favorable environment, thereby producing high-quality functional eggs. Chicken manure is aerobically fermented under specific conditions to convert it into high-quality organic fertilizer. This step not only effectively treats livestock waste but also provides high-quality organic fertilizer for marigold cultivation, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. Finally, the fermented organic fertilizer was applied to the marigold planting field, realizing the recycling of organic fertilizer. This setting promoted the improvement of soil fertility and provided a better soil environment for the growth of marigold, thus forming an ecological cycle coupling system between marigold planting and laying hen farming, significantly improving the sustainability and economic benefits of agricultural production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1:

[0022] See also Figure 1 As shown, the ecological cycle coupling method of marigold planting and laying hen breeding includes the following steps:

[0023] Marigold cultivation: Marigolds (variety: purple-flowered, high-lutein) were planted in selenium-rich soil (soil selenium content 0.15-0.5 mg / kg). Fresh marigold flowers were harvested during peak flowering, dried at 45°C for 48 hours to reduce their moisture content to below 8%, and then pulverized to 80 mesh using an ultra-fine grinder to obtain dried marigold pollen. Testing revealed a lutein content of 2.1%.

[0024] Functional feed preparation: Using a basic laying hen feed (crude protein 16.5%, metabolizable energy 11.5 MJ / kg) as the matrix, 5 wt% of dried marigold pollen was added to replace an equal amount of soybean meal, and local selenium-enriched corn with a selenium content of 0.15 mg / kg was added. The mixture was then mixed thoroughly to prepare the functional feed.

[0025] Layer feeding management: Select 26-week-old healthy Hailan brown laying hens and control the stocking density at 7 birds / m 2 , a stepped lighting program (16 hours of light per day) was used, and the functional feed prepared in the functional feed preparation steps was fed ad libitum for 6 consecutive weeks;

[0026] Egg test results: lutein content: 1.35mg / 100g, selenium content: 0.25mg / kg, egg yolk Roche color: 13.5, laying hen mortality rate: 3.0%;

[0027] Chicken manure fermentation treatment: Layer manure was collected, the moisture content was adjusted to 58%, and then fed into a German COMPO-STAR fermentation system. 0.8% of a composite bacterial agent (Bacillus subtilis: Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Lactobacillus = 3:1:1) was added. The mixture was aerobically fermented at 60°C for 72 hours to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0028] Organic fertilizer test results: organic matter content: 47.3%, moisture content: 28%, heavy metal content (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury) all meet NY 525-2021 standards;

[0029] Organic fertilizer recycling: Fermented organic fertilizer is applied to marigold fields at a rate of 11 tons per mu, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers (urea, diammonium phosphate) by 30%;

[0030] Soil improvement effect (after one year of continuous application): soil organic matter content: increased from 1.8% to 2.0% (annual growth of 0.2%), soil available selenium content: increased by 18%, marigold yield: increased by 12%;

[0031] Comprehensive benefit analysis

[0032] Economic benefits: Feed costs were reduced by 12% (saving 60 yuan per ton of feed), functional eggs achieved a 30% premium, and sales through Hema Fresh channels boosted the income of 500 surrounding farmers by an average of 12,000 yuan per year.

[0033] Ecological benefits: Reduce CO2 emissions by 4,860 tons annually and reduce ammonia nitrogen load in water bodies by 82%;

[0034] Social benefits: A "marigold sightseeing and selenium-rich eggs" agricultural tourism integration model has been formed, receiving 50,000 tourists annually.

[0035] This embodiment demonstrates a closed-loop circulation model of "marigold planting, functional feed, laying hen breeding, chicken manure fermentation, and returning organic fertilizer to the field", which not only achieves efficient resource utilization, but also significantly increases the added value of agricultural products, and has replicability and promotion value.

[0036] Example 2:

[0037] Large-scale marigold cultivation: A marigold planting base was established on 200 mu (approximately 166 acres) of selenium-rich farmland (soil selenium content 0.18 mg / kg). The high-lutein variety "Jinzhan No. 3" was selected, and mechanized sowing and drip irrigation were used. Flowers were harvested at peak bloom using a self-propelled harvester, dried in a 50°C hot air system for 36 hours (moisture content ≤ 7%), and then hammer milled to a 100-mesh fineness. A lutein content of 2.8% was measured.

[0038] Industrial feed production: implemented in a 50,000-ton feed processing plant:

[0039] Basic formula: corn 58%, soybean meal 22%, wheat bran 10%, premix 5%;

[0040] Add 5% marigold powder to replace the same amount of soybean meal;

[0041] Add local selenium-enriched corn (selenium content 0.17 mg / kg);

[0042] Use a twin-shaft mixer to mix, with a coefficient of variation of ≤5%;

[0043] The granulation temperature is controlled below 75°C to protect the activity of lutein;

[0044] Modern laying hen farming: Application in a large-scale breeding farm with 300,000 chickens:

[0045] Chicken house: fully enclosed environmental control system (temperature 20±2℃, humidity 60±5%);

[0046] Breed: Roman pink-shell laying hens;

[0047] Feeding: 28-35 weeks old chickens at the peak of egg production, stocking density 6 birds / m 2 ;

[0048] Feeding: Automatic feeding system, feeding 3 times a day, lighting system 16L:8D;

[0049] Breeding effect: egg production rate: 92.5% (3.2% higher than the conventional feed group), mortality rate: 2.8%;

[0050] Egg product indicators: Lutein: 1.45mg / 100g, selenium content: 0.35mg / kg, Haugh unit: 85, yolk color: 14 (Roche color fan);

[0051] Centralized chicken manure treatment: construction of 3000m 3 Fermentation workshop:

[0052] Pretreatment: solid-liquid separation (water content adjusted to 60%);

[0053] Fermentation system: adopts trough-type turning fermentation process;

[0054] Parameter control: add 1% composite bacterial agent (including Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus niger), maintain the temperature at 55-60°C, turn over frequency: 2 times / day, fermentation cycle: 5 days;

[0055] Finished product indicators: organic matter: 49.2%, NPK: 3.2-2.1-1.8, fecal coliform count <100 / g;

[0056] Precision application of organic fertilizer: using variable fertilizer spreader:

[0057] Application rate: 8 tons / mu (orchard), 12 tons / mu (field);

[0058] Supporting measures: Reduce fertilizer use by 35% and integrate water and fertilizer systems;

[0059] Effect monitoring: Annual increase in soil organic matter: 0.25%, lutein content in marigold increased by 15%, and selenium content in agricultural products increased by 20%;

[0060] Industrial extension applications

[0061] Deep processing of marigold: extracting lutein (yield 2.5%) and developing marigold tea and other by-products;

[0062] Egg product deep processing: production of lutein-fortified egg powder and development of selenium-enriched mayonnaise;

[0063] Comprehensive benefits:

[0064] Economic benefits: Annual revenue increased by 28.6 million yuan (including a 25% premium on eggs);

[0065] Ecological benefits: Carbon emission reduction: 6,320 tons of CO2 equivalent / year;

[0066] Water saving: 150,000 tons / year;

[0067] Social benefits:

[0068] Employment generated: 152 people;

[0069] Training of new professional farmers: 86 people.

[0070] Comparative Example:

[0071] Description of existing technology (traditional laying hen farming and conventional planting mode):

[0072] Feed formula: conventional laying hen feed (60% corn, 25% soybean meal, 8% wheat bran, 7% stone powder) is used, without adding marigold powder or other functional plant ingredients.

[0073] Selenium source: Inorganic selenium additive (sodium selenite), the selenium content is unstable and there is a potential toxicity risk.

[0074] Layer farming

[0075] Breed: Hailan brown laying hen (same as the present invention, ensuring comparability).

[0076] Feeding and management: open chicken house, natural light, stocking density 10 birds / m 2 (higher than this application).

[0077] Feed: Basic feed, without lutein fortification.

[0078] Chicken manure treatment

[0079] Traditional composting: stacked in the open air, naturally fermented for more than 3 months, without temperature control or addition of bacterial agents.

[0080] Quality of organic fertilizer: organic matter content is about 30%, moisture content is 40%-50%, and pathogens and weed seeds may be present.

[0081] Planting pattern

[0082] Marigold cultivation: Use chemical fertilizers (urea and compound fertilizers), do not apply organic fertilizers.

[0083] Soil conditions: Long-term chemical planting has led to soil compaction, with the annual increase in organic matter content being only 0.05%.

[0084] Product Specifications

[0085] Egg quality: Lutein content: 0.3 mg / 100 g (from corn only), selenium content: 0.1 mg / kg (from inorganic selenium additives), yolk color: level 8 (Roche colorimetric fan).

[0086] Marigold quality: Lutein content 1.2%-1.8% (lower due to poor soil and reliance on chemical fertilizers).

[0087] Comparison results table

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] Comparative Conclusion

[0091] Functionality improvement: This application uses marigold feed additives to increase the lutein content in chicken eggs to 4.5 times that of existing technologies, while achieving natural organic selenium enrichment, completely replacing inorganic selenium additives.

[0092] Optimized cycle efficiency: The chicken manure fermentation cycle is shortened from the traditional 90 days to 72 hours, and the quality of organic fertilizer is significantly improved, forming a true "planting and breeding cycle".

[0093] The economic benefits are significant: feed costs are reduced by 12%, functional eggs have a 30% premium, and farmers' income has increased by 12,000 yuan per household per year.

[0094] The ecological benefits are outstanding: the use of chemical fertilizers is reduced by 30%, CO2 emissions are reduced by 4,860 tons / year, and the ammonia nitrogen load in water bodies is reduced by 82%, far exceeding the traditional model.

[0095] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological cycle coupling method for marigold planting and laying hen breeding, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Marigold planting: Marigolds were planted in areas where the soil selenium content was ≥0.15 mg / kg. The flowers were harvested during the flowering period, dried at 40-50°C, and then crushed to 80-100 mesh to obtain marigold dry pollen with a lutein content of 1.5%-3%; S2. Preparation of functional feed: Using laying hen basal feed as the matrix, 5 wt% marigold dry pollen was added to replace an equal amount of soybean meal, and selenium-enriched corn with a selenium content of 0.15 mg / kg was added, and the mixture was mixed uniformly to prepare the functional feed; S3. Feeding management of laying hens: adopt a stepped lighting program with 16 hours of light per day, feed the functional feed prepared in step S2 to 26-32 week old Hy-Line Brown laying hens, and the stocking density is ≤8 birds / m 2 , obtain functional eggs with lutein content ≥1.2mg / 100g and selenium content of 0.15-0.5mg / kg; S4. Chicken manure fermentation: Layer manure is collected, the moisture content is adjusted to 55%-60%, and then fed into the COMPO-STAR fermentation system. Aerobic fermentation is carried out at 55-65°C for 72 hours to produce organic fertilizer with an organic matter content of ≥45% and a moisture content of ≤30%. S5. Recycling of organic fertilizer: applying the organic fertilizer obtained in step S4 to the marigold planting field at a dosage of 10-12 tons / mu / year, and reducing the dosage of chemical fertilizer by 30%.

2. The ecological cycle coupling method of marigold planting and laying hen breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the yolk of the functional egg obtained has a Robertson color scale of ≥13.

3. The ecological cycle coupling method of marigold planting and laying hen breeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, the mortality rate of the laying hen group is ≤3.2%.

4. The ecological cycle coupling method of marigold planting and laying hen breeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the crude protein content of the functional feed is 16-18%, and the metabolizable energy is 11-12 MJ / kg.

5. The ecological cycle coupling method of marigold planting and laying hen breeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, 0.5-1% of a composite bacterial agent is added during the fermentation process, wherein the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria in a ratio of 3:1:

1.

6. The ecological cycle coupling method of marigold planting and laying hen breeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S5, after applying organic fertilizer, the annual growth rate of soil organic matter content is ≥0.2%, and the effective selenium content in the soil is increased by 15-20%.

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