High-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat exchange

Abstract

The application discloses a high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat exchange, which comprises a high-definition equivalent prism module, a self-focusing introduction joint, a self-focusing illumination light transmission system and an air convection heat exchange system; the center line of the lens group in the 3D high-definition equivalent prism module is perpendicular to the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism, and does not pass through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism, thereby solving the problem of 3D image linearization between object space and image space; the self-focusing illumination light transmission system improves the transmission efficiency of the illumination light and the free space rate in the inner cavity of the insertion part; the air convection heat exchange system transports air to the insertion part head end and the operating handle of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope, respectively carries away the heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip, the signal processing circuit board and the illumination light in the homogenizing lens group through the convection mode, and makes the air leave the high-definition digestive tract endoscope through the primary and secondary control valves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of gastrointestinal medical endoscopes, self-focusing lenses and fiber optic transmission technology, convection heat transfer technology, high-definition image acquisition, and 3D image acquisition and reconstruction technology. Background Technology

[0002] To date, the mainstream image acquisition technology in the gastrointestinal endoscopy market remains 720P@30FPS, while high-end gastrointestinal endoscopes are beginning to use 1080P@30FPS and a "pseudo" 4K imaging technology based on 2K-Quard. The main technical obstacles to achieving true 4K image acquisition in high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes include (but are not limited to):

[0003] First, the space at the tip of the insertion part of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is limited, making it difficult to embed a 4K high-definition imaging chip (CMOS) module, and even more difficult to embed two high-definition imaging chip modules.

[0004] Second, the heat generated by the high-power and high-frame-rate 4K high-definition imaging chip caused the temperature at the tip of the endoscope insertion section to exceed the safety standards required by the digestive tract endoscope specifications.

[0005] Third, the insertion cavity of traditional gastrointestinal endoscopes is filled with various tubes, light guides, data cables and tension wires, which do not provide a good heat dissipation and air convection heat exchange environment.

[0006] Fourth, the insertion section of a digestive tract endoscope is a closed space, and there is no way to dissipate heat from the tip of the insertion section.

[0007] Fifth, the insertion cavity of traditional gastrointestinal endoscopes is filled with molybdenum disulfide powder. When hot air leaves the endoscope, the molybdenum disulfide powder it carries will pollute the surrounding environment. The main purpose of using molybdenum disulfide powder in traditional gastrointestinal endoscopes (but not limited to):

[0008] (1) When the tip of the endoscope's insertion section bends, all the outer walls of the lumens within the endoscope's insertion section, the outer wall of the beam guide sleeve, the data cable, the serpentine wire, and the inner walls of the lumens and the bends in the serpentine tubes experience radial compression and friction. The lubrication provided by molybdenum disulfide powder not only makes the bending of the endoscope's insertion section smoother and less resistant, but also extends the service life of the beam guide sleeve.

[0009] (2) When the tip of the insertion part of the digestive endoscope is turned and bent, the force required for the doctor to turn the operating handle wheel and the finger fatigue are reduced.

[0010] (3) During the threading process in the assembly process of the digestive tract endoscope, the threading resistance was reduced, making the threading process smoother.

[0011] (4) To date, molybdenum disulfide powder remains widely used in the assembly process of all traditional gastrointestinal endoscopes. Whether in the assembly or repair of gastrointestinal endoscopes, the molybdenum disulfide powder in the insertion and guide sections of the endoscope pollutes the surrounding environment. The most commonly used molybdenum disulfide powder is between 6000-8000 mesh, and workplaces involving molybdenum disulfide powder create an irreversible and unrecoverable environment. For disposable gastrointestinal endoscopes, the handling of molybdenum disulfide powder after endoscope recycling also imposes additional environmental requirements and regulations, significantly increasing the post-use disposal costs of disposable gastrointestinal endoscopes.

[0012] The image resolution and quality of fourth-generation electronic gastrointestinal endoscopes have made significant progress with the development of imaging chips. The actual test results of the image resolution of one of the most representative and advanced gastrointestinal endoscopes currently on the market are as follows: when the object of interest is at a distance of 3mm, 10mm, 50mm, and 100mm from the lens, the object-side resolution is 10.1pl / mm, 10.1pl / mm, 2pl / mm, and 0.793pl / mm, respectively. However, these image resolutions and detail representations of observed objects still lag significantly behind the resolution and performance of 4K high-definition images.

[0013] To date, all gastrointestinal endoscopes offer only 2D imaging effects and presentation, lacking depth information. While 3D-4K high-definition imaging technology has become a standard for rigid laparoscopes, 3D flexible high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope technology and products have yet to emerge. 3D flexible high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes represent a potential direction for the development of gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[0014] With the rapid development of gastrointestinal endoscopy and minimally invasive surgical techniques, minimally invasive surgical techniques combining colonoscopy and laparoscopy are constantly innovating, resulting in various new procedures, including but not limited to NOTES or NOSES. In minimally invasive surgery using dual-scope combined operation, the different field of view depth information, resolution, image quality, detail representation, and visual effects of 3D-4K laparoscopy compared to traditional colonoscopy can cause visual fatigue and physiological discomfort for surgeons, significantly affecting surgical quality, operational precision, and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0015] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides the following technical solution: a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope based on convection heat transfer; First, while maintaining the same size and function as a traditional gastrointestinal endoscope, it solves the technical problem of setting one or two high-definition imaging chip modules in the insertion tip of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope; Second, it solves the technical problem of high temperature at the insertion tip of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope caused by the high-definition imaging chip, signal processing circuit board, and illumination light in the homogenizing lens assembly; Third, it solves the technical problem of low free space ratio and low convection heat transfer efficiency in the intracavitary channel of the insertion part of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope; Fourth, it solves the technical problem of low beam transmission efficiency and large space occupation of traditional illumination light guides; Fifth, it solves the technical problem of molybdenum disulfide powder contamination in gastrointestinal endoscopes.

[0016] This invention provides a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope based on convection heat transfer, comprising:

[0017] A high-definition equivalent prism module, an air convection heat exchange system, a self-focusing illumination light transmission system, and a self-focusing inlet connector; wherein the air convection heat exchange system has a master and slave control valve;

[0018] The high-definition equivalent prism module consists of a lens group, an equivalent prism, a high-definition imaging chip, and a basic signal processing circuit board. For a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the center lines of the two lens groups in the two high-definition equivalent prism modules are perpendicular to the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism in their respective high-definition equivalent prism modules, and do not pass through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism.

[0019] The air convection heat exchange system delivers air from the air compressor pump in the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system sequentially to the operating handle and the insertion head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The air carries away the heat generated by the main signal processing circuit board in the operating handle, the high-definition imaging chip in the insertion head, the basic signal processing circuit board, and the illumination light in the uniform lens group of the self-focusing illumination light transmission system through convection. The heated air leaves the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through the normally open exhaust port on the master and slave control valve in the operating handle or the nozzle on the insertion head.

[0020] The self-focusing illumination light transmission system includes a self-focusing fiber coupler, a self-focusing fiber, a fiber connector, a self-focusing eyepiece, and the homogenizing lens assembly.

[0021] The self-focusing inlet connector includes a beam splitting system and N self-focusing fiber couplers. After a beam of illumination enters the self-focusing inlet connector, the beam splitting system splits the incident illumination beam into N beams and projects them onto the input surfaces of the N self-focusing fiber couplers. The N self-focusing fiber couplers couple the N beams of illumination to N self-focusing fibers that are bonded to the output surfaces of the self-focusing fiber couplers; where N is an integer.

[0022] This invention provides a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope based on convection heat transfer, which has the following characteristics:

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) Without altering the traditional operation method and external dimensions of gastrointestinal endoscopes, one or two ultra-high-definition imaging lens modules are embedded in the insertion tip of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. This allows for better temperature control at the insertion tip, and the self-focusing illumination light transmission technology provides higher illumination light transmission efficiency and a larger intracavitary space within the insertion section, significantly improving the image resolution and quality of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. This results in the first completely pollution-free gastrointestinal endoscope. This invention can be used with gastrointestinal endoscopes, flexible endoscopes, laparoscopy, rigid endoscopes, and various other medical endoscopes, and features simple operation, low cost, and ease of promotion and popularization.

[0025] (2) Self-focusing optical fibers have a diameter of only a few hundred micrometers. For example, the core diameter of OFS's self-focusing optical fiber GRINFiber100 / 140 / 250 is 100 micrometers, the cladding diameter is 140 micrometers, and the outer protective layer diameter is 250 micrometers, compared to the diameter of traditional beamguide sheaths which is 1.8-2.4 millimeters. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the outer protective layer of a self-focusing optical fiber to that of a traditional beamguide sheath is related to the square of the radius. Therefore, using self-focusing optical fibers to replace traditional beamguides can achieve a greater free space ratio in the insertion cavity of high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes, greatly improving the efficiency of air convection heat transfer.

[0026] (3) The high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope has sufficient space for relative sliding between the outer walls of all the cavities in the insertion and guide sections, the outer wall of the beam guide tube, and the data lines. This prevents mutual compression and friction when the insertion and tip of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope are bent, greatly reducing the resistance during assembly. In fact, by interlacing the self-focusing optical fibers of all the self-focusing transmission systems in the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the phenomenon of internal pressure and external pull on the optical fibers when the end of the endoscope and the insertion section are bent is not only solved, but also a more reasonable space management and protection of the optical fibers is implemented.

[0027] (4) High-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes do not use molybdenum disulfide powder or other lubricating materials, making them a pollution-free, environmentally friendly, and "clean" gastrointestinal endoscope. For disposable gastrointestinal endoscopes, there is no problem of molybdenum disulfide powder contamination, which greatly reduces the cost of maintenance, medical waste recycling, and disposal of gastrointestinal endoscopes. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of convection heat exchange during normal examination and treatment using a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the convective heat transfer principle during the inflation operation of a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the convective heat transfer principle during the glass cleaning operation of the lens assembly of a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the convective heat transfer working principle of the dual-nozzle 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope during normal examination and treatment, as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the convective heat transfer principle during the dual-nozzle inflation operation of a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the convective heat transfer principle during the glass cleaning operation of the dual-nozzle lens assembly of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a high-definition equivalent prism module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal combination of the equivalent prism and the high-definition imaging chip in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal combination of the equivalent prism and the high-definition imaging chip according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the self-focusing fiber coupler for optical transmission, as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of self-focusing fiber optic light transmission according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the split-type self-focusing illumination light transmission system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the first type of beam-splitting system design in the 1 / 2 self-focusing inlet connector according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the first type of beam-splitting system design in the 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the second type of beam splitting system design in the 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the translational imaging principle of the lens group in two back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram showing the translational arrangement of two back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules and lens groups in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the translational imaging principle of the lens group in two face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram showing the translational arrangement of the lens group in two face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 21 A schematic diagram illustrating the imaging principle of a convergent stereoscopic image effect obtained by two parallel back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 22 A schematic diagram illustrating the imaging principle of converging stereoscopic image effect obtained by two parallel face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of a master-slave control valve according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the air flow during normal inspection and treatment of the master and slave control valves according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the air flow during the inflation operation of the master and slave control valves according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the water flow during the flushing operation of the master and slave control valves according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0055] 1-Insert head; 2-Insert part; 3-Operating handle; 4-Introduction part; 5-Self-focusing introduction part connector; 6-Air pump; 7-High-definition gastrointestinal endoscope air input connector; 8-Cold air pipe; 9-Main signal processing circuit board metal shielding box; 10-Main signal processing circuit board; 11-Air delivery pipe; 12-Basic signal processing circuit board; 12'-Left basic signal processing circuit board; 12”-Right basic signal processing circuit board; 13-High-definition equivalent prism module; 13'-Left high-definition equivalent prism module; 13”-Right high-definition equivalent prism module; 14-Hot air pipe; 15-Daughter valve of the master-daughter control valve; 16-Master-daughter control valve body; 17-Master-daughter control valve core; 18-Master-daughter control valve button; 19-Normal open exhaust port ; 20-Water chamber of the master control valve; 21-Lower air chamber of the master control valve; 22-Upper air chamber of the master control valve; 23-Separator; F-Doctor's finger; 24-Three-way air inlet pipe; 25-Tee; 26-Tee-way outlet pipe; 27-Nozzle; 28-Water storage tank; 29-Water inlet connector for high-definition digestive tract endoscope; 30-Water inlet pipe; 31-Three-way water inlet pipe; 32-Additional tee; 33-First outlet pipe of the additional tee; 34-Second outlet pipe of the additional tee; 35-Additional nozzle; 36-Lens assembly; 36'-Left lens assembly; 36”-Right lens assembly; 37-Center line of the lens assembly; 37'-Center line of the left lens assembly; 37”-Center line of the right lens assembly; 38-Equivalent prism; 38'-Left equivalent prism; 3 8” - Right equivalent prism; 39 - High-definition imaging chip; 39' - Left high-definition imaging chip; 39” - Right high-definition imaging chip; 40 - Equivalent prism right-angle input surface; 41 - First non-imaging surface; 42 - Second non-imaging surface; 43 - Third non-imaging surface; 44 - Fourth non-imaging surface; 45 - Self-focusing fiber coupler; 45' - First self-focusing fiber coupler; 45” - Second self-focusing fiber coupler; 45”' - Third self-focusing fiber coupler; 46 - First self-focusing lens; 47 - Second self-focusing lens; 48 - Third self-focusing lens; 49 - Self-focusing fiber; 49' - First self-focusing fiber; 49” - Second self-focusing fiber; 49”' - Third self-focusing fiber; 50 - Illumination light source; 51 52-Illumination light source focusing lens; 53-Self-focusing eyepiece; 54-Using lens group; 55-Front self-focusing fiber; 56-Fiber optic male connector; 57-Fiber optic female connector; 58-Rear self-focusing fiber; 59-1 / 2 self-focusing inlet connector of the first beam splitting system design; 60-Illumination light entrance window; 61-First reflector; 61'-Second reflector; 62-First converging lens in the 1 / 2 self-focusing inlet connector; 62'-Second converging lens in the 1 / 2 self-focusing inlet connector; 62”-Third converging lens in the 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector; 63-1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector of the first beam splitting system design; 64-First semi-permeable plate glass; 64'-Second semi-permeable plate glass;65-1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector: first converging lens; 65'-1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector: second converging lens; 65”-1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector: third converging lens; 66-1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector of the second type of beam splitting system design; 67-beam guide; 68-first beam splitter; 68'-second beam splitter; 68”-third beam splitter; 69-first beam splitter converging lens; 69'-second beam splitter converging lens; 69” - Third light guide beam splitter and converging lens; 70” - Left equivalent prism right-angle output surface; 70” - Right equivalent prism right-angle output surface; 71 - Center line of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope in back-to-back configuration; 72 - Object of interest; 73” - Image of the object of interest passing through the optical center line of the left lens group in a back-to-back configuration; 73” - Image of the object of interest passing through the optical center line of the right lens group in a back-to-back configuration; 74” - Straight line perpendicular to the center of the left equivalent prism right-angle input surface; 74” - Vertical line... 75 - A straight line passing through the right equivalent prism at a right angle to the center of the input surface; 76' - The center line of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope in face-to-face setting; 76' - The image of the object of interest passing through the optical center line of the left lens group in face-to-face setting; 76" - The image of the object of interest passing through the optical center line of the right lens group in face-to-face setting; 78 - First rubber sealing ring; 79 - Lower shaft positioning ring; 80 - Second rubber sealing ring; 81 - Third rubber sealing ring; 82 - Upper shaft positioning ring; 83 - Upper shaft positioning ring groove; 84 - Radial through hole at the lower part of the hollow shaft of the valve core; 85- Fourth rubber sealing ring; 86- Water inlet connector of the master / slave control valve; 87- Water outlet connector of the master / slave control valve; 88- Air inlet connector of the master / slave control valve; 89- Air outlet connector of the master / slave control valve; 90- Through hole of the slave valve in the master / slave control valve; 91- Valve body fixing ring; 92- Rubber skirt seat; 93- Button module; 94- Button spring positioning ring; 95- Button spring; 96- Ejector pin; 97- Ejector pin spring; 98- Adjusting bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0057] This embodiment provides a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope based on convection heat transfer. The high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is part of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system, including: a high-definition equivalent prism module, a self-focusing illumination light transmission system, a self-focusing inlet connector, and an air convection heat transfer system with master and daughter control valves.

[0058] The high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system includes a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, an illumination light box, a high-definition image processor, a water storage tank, and a high-definition display. The illumination light box contains an air pump. Its working principle involves the air pump outputting air into the water storage tank. The tank lid has air and water output connectors, which connect to the self-focusing inlet connector of the integrated high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope or the air and water connectors on the connecting part of the split high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, respectively, ensuring that the air and water entering the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope have the same pressure.

[0059] In this embodiment, for 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes, an imaging chip with 4K high-definition image resolution is used; for 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes, an imaging chip with 4K, 2K, or 1080P high-definition image resolution is used; wherein, the frame rate of the high-definition imaging chip is 30, 60, or 120 frames per second.

[0060] In this embodiment, the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope includes a 2D-4K gastrointestinal endoscope, a 3D-2K or 3D-1080P gastroscope, a duodenoscope and an esophagoscope, a 3D-4K colonoscope, a rectoscope and a duodenoscope. Of course, those skilled in the art can also use other types of endoscopes for other parts of the body that need to be examined.

[0061] Figure 7 The diagram shown is a schematic of a high-definition equivalent prism module. Figure 7 The high-definition equivalent prism module shown consists of a lens group 36, an equivalent prism 38, a high-definition imaging chip 39, and a basic signal processing circuit board 12. The centerline of the lens group 36 is 37. The equivalent prism 38 is a right-angle prism with a vertices of 45°. After the optical design of the high-definition equivalent prism module is completed, the positional relationship between the lens group 36, the equivalent prism 38, the high-definition imaging chip 39, and the basic signal processing circuit board 12 remains fixed.

[0062] In this embodiment, the high-definition equivalent prism module consists of a lens assembly, an equivalent prism, a high-definition imaging chip, and a basic signal processing circuit board. The equivalent prism is a right-angle prism with a 45° apex angle. The horizontal side length and vertical side height of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism are equal to the vertical side height of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip. The vertical centerline of the right-angle output surface of the equivalent prism may or may not coincide with the vertical centerline of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip. The right-angle input surface, right-angle output surface, and inclined surface of the equivalent prism are all coated. The lens assembly projects the acquired image onto the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism. After entering the equivalent prism through the right-angle input surface, the image is totally reflected by the inclined surface and then deflected, passing through the right-angle output surface of the equivalent prism and forming an image on the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip.

[0063] The equivalent prism and high-definition imaging chip can be combined in two ways: horizontal and vertical. For horizontal combinations, the bottom horizontal edge of the right-angled input surface of the equivalent prism coincides with the horizontal edge of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip. The areas of the two imaging surface regions on the left and right sides of the high-definition imaging chip that are not covered by the right-angled output surface of the equivalent prism are equal or unequal. For vertical combinations, the horizontal edge of the right-angled input surface of the equivalent prism is perpendicular to the horizontal edge of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip. The areas of the two imaging surface regions on the front and rear sides of the high-definition imaging chip that are not covered by the equivalent prism are equal or unequal.

[0064] Figure 8 The diagram shows a horizontal combination of an equivalent prism and a high-definition imaging chip. Figure 8 In the high-definition equivalent prism module shown, the center line 37 of the lens group 36 is perpendicular to the right-angled input surface 40 of the equivalent prism 38 and passes through the center point a of the right-angled input surface 40. It is perpendicular to a vertical center line that is perpendicular to the right-angled output surface of the equivalent prism 38 and passes through the center point b of the right-angled output surface, intersecting at the center point c of the inclined surface of the equivalent prism 38. The center point b of the right-angled output surface coincides with the center point d of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip 39. The vertical side height W of the right-angled input surface 40 of the equivalent prism 38 is equal to the vertical side height V of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip 39, i.e., W = V. The bottom horizontal side length L of the right-angled input surface 40 of the equivalent prism 38 is equal to the vertical side height V of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip 39, i.e., L = V. Figure 8 The first non-imaging surface 41 and the second non-imaging surface 42 on the imaging chip 39, which are not covered by the right-angle output surface of the equivalent prism 38, have equal left and right areas.

[0065] Figure 9 The diagram shown is a vertical combination of the equivalent prism and the high-definition imaging chip. Figure 9 In the high-definition equivalent prism module shown, the center line 37 of the lens group 36 is perpendicular to the right-angled input surface 40 of the equivalent prism 38 and passes through the center point a of the right-angled input surface 40. It intersects with a vertical center line perpendicular to the right-angled output surface of the equivalent prism 38 and passing through the center point b of the right-angled output surface at the center point c of the inclined surface of the equivalent prism 38. The center point b of the right-angled output surface coincides with the center point d of the imaging plane of the high-definition imaging chip 39. The length L of the bottom horizontal side of the right-angled input surface 40 of the equivalent prism 38 is equal to the vertical side height V of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip 39, i.e., L = V; the vertical side height W is equal to the vertical side height V of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip 39, i.e., W = V. Figure 9 The front and rear areas of the third non-imaging surface 43 and the fourth non-imaging surface 44, which are not covered by the right-angle output surface of the equivalent prism 38, are equal.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope includes a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0067] (i) For 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes, a high-definition equivalent prism module is provided in the insertion head. Regardless of whether the high-definition equivalent prism module is horizontally or vertically assembled, the center line of the lens group is perpendicular to the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism and passes through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism.

[0068] (II) For the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, two identical and independent high-definition equivalent prism modules are installed at the insertion head. In each of the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, the two equivalent prisms are combined with the high-definition imaging chips in the same way. The centerlines of the two lens groups are located on a plane and are parallel to each other. The plane formed by the centerlines of the two lens groups is perpendicular to the imaging surfaces of the two high-definition imaging chips and the right-angle input surfaces of the equivalent prisms. The centerlines of the two lens groups do not pass through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism in their respective high-definition equivalent prism modules. The centerlines of the two lens groups and two perpendicular lines passing through the centers of the right-angle input surfaces of the two equivalent prisms are located on a plane. In each high-definition equivalent prism module, the center of the lens group... The distance between the line and the vertical line perpendicular to the center of the right-angled input surface of the equivalent prism is h = t / 2 - [T ÷ 2A(FW)] × Zconv; where h is the distance the two lens groups translate in opposite directions during initial setup, T is the distance between a person's eyes (interpupillary distance), t is the distance between the two vertical lines perpendicular to the center of the right-angled input surface of the equivalent prism, A is the image magnification, F is the focal length of the lens group, W is the height of the right-angled side of the equivalent prism, and Zconv is the ordinate of the equivalent convergence point of the two high-definition equivalent prism modules.

[0069] In 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes, the two high-definition equivalent prism modules are arranged in two different ways. The first is a back-to-back arrangement, where no electronic components are placed on the back of the basic signal processing circuit boards in the two modules, and the backs of the two circuit boards are placed close together with an insulating layer between them. The second is a face-to-face arrangement, where the apexes of the two equivalent prisms in the two modules face each other but do not touch, and the front surfaces of the two basic signal processing circuit boards are arranged face-to-face and parallel to each other, opposite to the back-to-back arrangement. Regardless of whether the arrangement is back-to-back or face-to-face, the imaging surface planes of the high-definition imaging chips in the two modules are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane formed by the center lines of the two lens groups.

[0070] Two high-definition equivalent prism modules, positioned back-to-back and face-to-face, satisfy the necessary and sufficient condition for a linear 3D object space relationship: h = t / 2 - [T ÷ 2A(FW)] × Zconv. When shooting in linear 3D object space, A = T ÷ [(FW) × (2h - t)] × Z indicates that the image magnification A changes synchronously with the change in the vertical coordinate Z of the object of interest, and the two images of the object will always converge on the planar screen.

[0071] In the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, the imaging circles of the images projected by the two lens groups onto the right-angle input surfaces of the two equivalent prisms have the same diameter, which is D+2h, where D is the diagonal length of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism.

[0072] In the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, the optical design, structural design, image quality, resolution, color reproduction, parameters, corresponding lens materials and coatings of the two lens groups and equivalent prisms are the same.

[0073] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the translational imaging principle of the lens group in two back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules, as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 The diagram shows a back-to-back 3D high-definition equivalent prism module. The left and right lens groups 36' and 36" are translated a distance h along their relative directions, from the optical center C to point C'. An image of an object of interest M(X, Z) at any location in object space is projected onto points A' and A" on the right-angled input surfaces of the two equivalent prisms 38' and 38" after passing through the translated optical centers C' of the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" respectively. The origin O (0, 0) of the coordinate system (X, Z) is located at the intersection of the straight line passing through the optical centers C and C' of the left and right lens groups and the centerline 71 of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0074] According to the 3D object space formula;

[0075] Zc=(ZD×T)÷(TP)(1).

[0076] Where Zc is the ordinate (Z-coordinate) of the convergence point of the left and right images, Z D Let P be the vertical distance (Z coordinate) between the screen and the eyes of both eyes, and let P be the parallax between the left and right images on the flat screen.

[0077] As shown in the diagram: ΔA”B”C”~ΔC”HM

[0078] We get: D1 / (Xt / 2+h)=(FW) / Z

[0079] Formula: D1=(Xt / 2+h)×(FW)÷Z(2).

[0080] As shown in the diagram: ΔA'B'C'~ΔC'HM

[0081] We get: D2 / (X+t / 2-h)=(FW) / Z

[0082] Formula: D2=(X+t / 2-h)×(FW)÷Z(3).

[0083] As shown in the diagram: d1 = D1 + N1 and d2 = D2 - N2

[0084] We get: Δd=d2-d1=(FW)×(t-2h)÷Z-(N1+N2)(4).

[0085] Because the 3D high-definition equivalent prism module is symmetrical about the center line 71, N1=N2=N.

[0086] Substituting formula (4) and P = A × Δd into formula (1), we get: Zc = (ZD × T) ÷ (TA × Δd) = (Z D ×T)×Z÷[(T-2AN)×ZA(FW)×(t-2h)] (5).

[0087] The necessary and sufficient condition for formula (5) to be a linear formula is: T-2AN=0.

[0088] We obtain: N = T / 2A. Where: A is the image magnification (A = S / s), S is the horizontal length of the playback area of ​​the 3D display screen (variable), s is the horizontal length of the imaging surface of the imaging chip (constant), and N is the distance between the position of the image of the object of interest at the equivalent convergence point after translation, projected onto the equivalent prism right-angle input surface, and the center line of the lens group, when initially set.

[0089] The formula for linear 3D object space is obtained as follows:

[0090] Zc=(ZD×T)÷[A(FW)×(2h-t)]×Z(6).

[0091] Formula (6) shows that an object of interest in object space corresponds to a unique image in image space.

[0092] Let: Z C =Z D We get: A=T÷[(FW)×(2h-t)]×Z (7).

[0093] Formula (7) shows that when shooting in a linear object space, the image magnification A changes synchronously with the change of the vertical coordinate Z of the object of interest, and the two images of the object of interest always converge on the screen. Wherein, A = S / s, s is a constant, and S is a variable, namely the change of the horizontal length of the playback area of ​​the 3D display.

[0094] As shown in the diagram: ΔC'B'Y'~ΔW0C'. Therefore: N / (t / 2-h)=(FW) / Z.

[0095] N=(FW)×(t-2h)÷2Z=T / 2A.

[0096] h=t / 2-[T÷2A(FW)]×Zconv(8).

[0097] Formula (8) shows that, in the initial setting, the necessary and sufficient condition for two back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules to form a linear system is h = t / 2 - [T ÷ 2A(FW)] × Zconv. A 3D linear system refers to a linear relationship between the stereo depth coordinates of the object of interest and the corresponding stereo image in the image space formed by the two high-definition equivalent prism modules after the two lens groups are translated along the X-axis and in the direction opposite to each other by a distance of h = t / 2 - [T ÷ 2A(FW)] × Zconv. The relationship between the convergence point of the two images and the vertical coordinate (Z) satisfies the linear 3D image space formula (6). After the initial setting, the positions of the two lens groups after translation remain unchanged, and a linear image space formed by the two high-definition equivalent prism modules is determined. The coordinates of the equivalent convergence point of this linear image space are (0, Zconv).

[0098] The equivalent convergence point (0, Zconv) is a point located on the center line of the 3D gastrointestinal endoscope. Setting the equivalent convergence point is an important parameter for determining the position (vertical coordinate) of the 3D planar screen. For a 3D linear system, the stereoscopic images of objects at the equivalent convergence point (0, Zconv) converge on the planar screen. During filming, the stereoscopic images of all objects located in front of the equivalent convergence point (Z∠Zconv) converge in front of the screen, and the stereoscopic images of objects behind the equivalent convergence point (Z>Zconv) converge behind the screen. Simultaneously, the equivalent convergence point Zconv determines the magnitude of the lens group translation h.

[0099] Figure 18 The diagram shown is a schematic of the translational setup of two back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules and lens groups; Figure 18The two basic signal processing circuit boards 12' and 12" in the two high-definition equivalent prism modules 13' and 13" shown in the figure have no electronic components on their back sides and are arranged back-to-back as shown in the figure. In the two high-definition equivalent prism modules 13' and 13" of the left and right sides, the center lines 37' and 37" of the two lens groups 36' and 36" are located on the same plane as the two right-angled input surfaces of the equivalent prisms 38' and 38" and the straight lines 74' and 74" passing through the center of the right-angled input surfaces. The distances between the center lines 37' and 37" of the two lens groups 36' and 36" of the left and right sides and the two straight lines 74' and 74" of the left and right sides are respectively h.

[0100] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the translational imaging principle of the lens group in two face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19 The diagram shows a 3D high-definition equivalent prism module arranged face-to-face. The left and right lens groups 36' and 36" are translated a distance h in their relative directions, from the optical center C to point C'. The image of an object of interest M(X, Z) at any location in space is projected onto points A' and A" on the right-angled input surfaces of the two equivalent prisms 38' and 38" after passing through the translated optical centers C' of the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" respectively. The origin O (0, 0) of the coordinate system (X, Z) is located at the intersection of the straight line passing through the optical centers C of the two lens groups and the centerline 75 of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0101] The diagram shows: ΔA”B”C”~ΔC”HM and ΔA'B'C'~ΔC'HM.

[0102] The geometric and mathematical relationships of all relevant parameters, the obtained formulas, results, and conclusions, and Figure 17 The parameters, formulas, results, and conclusions are the same.

[0103] Figure 20 The diagram shown illustrates the translational setup of two face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules and lens groups. Figure 20 The apex angles of the two equivalent prisms 38' and 38" in the two high-definition equivalent prism modules 13' and 13" shown are opposite each other but do not intersect. The front surfaces of the two basic signal processing circuit boards 12' and 12" face each other. In the two high-definition equivalent prism modules 13' and 13" shown, the center lines 37' and 37" of the two lens groups 36' and 36" are located on the same plane as the two right-angled input surfaces perpendicular to the equivalent prisms 38' and 38" and passing through the center of the right-angled input surfaces. The distances between the center lines 37' and 37" of the two lens groups 36' and 36" and the two left and right lines 77' and 77" are respectively h.

[0104] Convergence and parallel methods are two commonly used 3D shooting techniques. Convergence shooting mimics the human eye's process of tracking and focusing on an object by rotating the eyeballs, resulting in a stereoscopic image with a realistic, natural, and comfortable feel. Parallel shooting, on the other hand, is a shooting method where the eye observes an object at infinity. While it avoids trapezoidal distortion, it suffers from non-linear distortion and the problem of the convergence point appearing out of the frame. In reality, convergence is a more ideal method for creating stereoscopic images than parallel shooting.

[0105] Figure 21 The diagram shows the imaging principle of converging stereoscopic image effect obtained by back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules arranged in a parallel manner. Figure 21 The diagram shows the right high-definition equivalent prism module in a back-to-back 3D high-definition equivalent prism module setup. The centerline 37” of the right lens group is perpendicular to the right-angled input surface 40” of the right equivalent prism 38” and passes through the center of the right-angled input surface 40”. After reflection at point E on the inclined surface of the right equivalent prism 38”, it is output at point K on the center of the right-angled output surface 70” of the right equivalent prism 38”. The vertical axis (Z-axis) of the coordinate system coincides with the centerline 71 of the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, and the horizontal axis (X-axis) passes through the optical center point C of the right lens group 36” and intersects the Z-axis perpendicularly at the origin O (0, 0) of the coordinate system. The object of interest 72 is located on the Z-axis with coordinates (0, Zconv). In order to image the object of interest 72 onto the center point K of the right-angle output surface 70” of the right equivalent prism 38”, the right lens group 36” is translated along the X-axis and toward the center line 71 by a distance h' = h1 + h2. The image of the object of interest 72 is then reflected along the light ray 73”, passing through the optical center C' of the translated right lens group 36”, and after being reflected by point G on the inclined surface of the right equivalent prism 38”, it is output at the center point K of the right-angle output surface 70” of the right equivalent prism 38”.

[0106] As shown in the figure, ΔWJG~ΔGSC'

[0107] We get: h1 / (t / 2-h2)=(FW / 2+h2) / (Zconv+FW / 2+h2)

[0108] Formula: h1=(t / 2-h2)×(FW / 2+h2)÷(Zconv+FW / 2+h2) (1).

[0109] As shown in the figure, ΔKPG~ΔGSC'

[0110] We get: h1 / h2=(FW / 2+h2) / (t / 2-h2)

[0111] Formula: h1=h2×(FW / 2+h2)÷(t / 2-h2) (2).

[0112] Let (1) = (2), then we get: (t / 2-h2)×(FW / 2+h2)÷(Zconv+FW / 2+h2)=h2×(FW / 2+h2)÷(t / 2-h2).

[0113] Formula: h2 = t 2 ÷4(Zconv+FW / 2+t) (3).

[0114] h1=t[FW / 2+t 2 ÷(Zconv+FW / 2+t)]÷[2(Zconv+FW / 2)-t}(4).

[0115] The translation distance of the right camera group (36”) is:

[0116] h' = h1 + h2 = t[FW / 2 + t] 2 ÷(Zconv+FW / 2+t)]÷[2(Zconv+FW / 2)-t}+t 2 / [4(Zconv+FW / 2+t)] (5).

[0117] In the initial setup, firstly, the position of the equivalent convergence point (0, Zconv) is determined, which coincides with the position of the object of interest 72 in the figure on the center line 71 of the two high-definition equivalent prism modules; secondly, the distance h' that the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" need to be translated is calculated by formula (5); finally, the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" are translated by the distance h' along the opposite directions.

[0118] The translation analysis and calculation of the left lens group in the left high-definition equivalent prism module are the same as those of the right lens group in the right high-definition equivalent prism module.

[0119] In a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, after the lens groups in two high-definition equivalent prism modules are translated by h' respectively, the stereoscopic effect of the two images obtained is the same as that of the two images obtained by the convergence method.

[0120] Figure 22 The diagram shows the imaging principle of converging stereoscopic image effect obtained by two parallel, face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules. Figure 22The diagram shows the left high-definition equivalent prism module in a 3D high-definition equivalent prism module arranged in a face-to-face configuration. The centerline 37' of the left lens group is perpendicular to the right-angled input surface 40' of the left equivalent prism 38' and passes through the center of the right-angled input surface 40'. After reflection at point E on the inclined surface of the left equivalent prism 38', it is output at point K on the center of the right-angled output surface 70' of the left equivalent prism 38'. The vertical axis (Z-axis) of the coordinate system coincides with the centerline 75 of the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, and the horizontal axis (X-axis) passes through the optical center point C of the left lens group 36' and intersects the Z-axis perpendicularly at the origin O (0, 0) of the coordinate system. The object of interest 72 is located on the Z-axis with coordinates (0, Zconv). In order to output the image of the object of interest 72 at the center point K of the right-angle output surface 70' of the left equivalent prism 38', the left lens group 36' is translated along the X-axis and in the direction of the center line 75 by a distance h' = h1 + h2. The image of the object of interest 72 is output at the center point K of the right-angle output surface 70' of the left equivalent prism 38' after passing through the optical center C' of the translated left lens group 36' and being reflected by point G on the inclined surface of the left equivalent prism 38'.

[0121] As shown in the figure, ΔWQG~ΔGSC'

[0122] We get: h1 / (t / 2-h2)=(FW / 2-h2) / (Zconv+FW / 2-h2)

[0123] Formula: h1=(t / 2-h2)×(FW / 2-h2)÷(Zconv+FW / 2-h2) (1).

[0124] As shown in the figure, ΔGJK~ΔGSC'

[0125] We get: h1 / h2=(FW / 2-h2) / (W / 2+h2)

[0126] Formula: h1=h2×(FW / 2-h2)÷(W / 2+h2) (2).

[0127] Let (1) = (2), we get: (t / 2-h2)×(FW / 2-h2)÷(Zconv+FW / 2-h2)=h2×(FW / 2-h2)÷(W / 2+h2).

[0128] Formula: h2=(t×W)÷4(Zconv+Ft / 2) (3).

[0129] h1=t[FW / 2-(t×W)÷(Zconv+Ft / 2)]÷{2(Zconv+Ft / 2)+t] (4).

[0130] The translation distance of the right camera group is 60”:

[0131] h'=h1+h2=t[FW / 2-(t×W)÷(Zconv+Ft / 2)]÷{2(Zconv+Ft / 2)+t]+t 2 / [4(Zconv+FW / 2+t)] (5).

[0132] In the initial setup, firstly, the position of the equivalent convergence point (0, Zconv) is determined, which coincides with the position of the object of interest 72 in the figure on the center line 71 of the 3D high-definition equivalent prism module; secondly, the distance h' that the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" need to be translated is calculated by formula (5); finally, the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" are translated by the distance h' along the opposite directions.

[0133] The translation analysis and calculation of the right lens group in the right high-definition equivalent prism module are the same as those of the left lens group in the left high-definition equivalent prism module.

[0134] In a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, after the lens groups in two high-definition equivalent prism modules are translated by h' respectively, the stereoscopic effect of the two images obtained is the same as that of the two images obtained by the convergence method.

[0135] As a preferred embodiment, high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes are divided into integrated high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes and split high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes.

[0136] (I) The integrated high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope consists of a self-focusing inlet connector, an inlet section, an operating handle, an insertion section, and an insertion tip. All components are connected and sealed together as a single unit during assembly and cannot be separated. After clinical examination and treatment, during the sterilization process, except for the valve core and button module of the suction valve on the main control valve needing to be removed from the valve body for separate cleaning, sterilization, and drying, all components of the integrated high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope remain integrated and do not separate. The usage, operation, and sterilization methods and processes of the integrated high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope are exactly the same as those of traditional gastrointestinal endoscopes.

[0137] (II) The split-type high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope consists of an endoscope section and a self-focusing inlet connector, which are connected and sealed as a whole. The endoscope section comprises an insertion head, an insertion part, an operating handle, an inlet connector, and a connecting part. All components are connected and sealed together as a whole during assembly. A quick-connect structure on the connecting part cooperates with a quick-connect device on the rear end of the self-focusing inlet connector to quickly connect, lock, and unlock the connecting part and the self-focusing inlet connector.

[0138] The connecting section is equipped with air connectors, water connectors, suction pump connectors, auxiliary flushing pump connectors, and auxiliary electrical equipment connectors. The front end face of the connecting section features a female fiber optic connector, a data cable connector, and a wire connector. The rear end face of the self-focusing inlet connector features a male fiber optic connector and corresponding data cable and wire connectors. Before clinical examination and treatment, firstly, connect the female fiber optic connector, data cable connector, and wire connector on the front end face of the connector to the male fiber optic connector, data cable connector, and wire connector on the rear end face of the self-focusing inlet connector, then quickly connect the quick-connect device on the self-focusing inlet connector to the quick-connect mechanism of the connecting section and lock them in place. During clinical examination and treatment, the connected split-type high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and the integrated high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope not only have the same external structure, but also share identical usage methods, habits, operating procedures, and steps. After clinical examination and treatment, disconnect the quick-connect mechanism and device on the connector and the self-focusing inlet connector, as well as all fiber optic connectors, data cable connectors and wire connectors. The combined split-type high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope then becomes two independent parts: the endoscope section and the self-focusing inlet connector.

[0139] After clinical examination and treatment, the endoscope section of the split-type high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope can be reused after disinfection and sterilization, or it can be discarded as a disposable consumable. When the endoscope section of the split-type high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is used as a reusable component, a specially designed sealing cap is used to seal the front end face of the connecting part, and then the endoscope section of the split-type high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is cleaned, disinfected, sterilized, and dried. The procedures, standards, and requirements for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, and drying the endoscope section of the split-type high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope are the same as those for the integrated high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. When the endoscope section of the split-type high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is used as a disposable consumable, the endoscope section does not need to be cleaned, disinfected, or sterilized after clinical use and is directly discarded as medical waste according to medical waste disposal standards. The self-focusing inlet connector of the split-type high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope does not require cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, and drying after each clinical examination and treatment. Instead, it can be cleaned, disinfected, sterilized, and dried once after a certain number of clinical examinations and treatments, according to the standards and requirements of the local medical management unit.

[0140] As a preferred embodiment, the self-focusing illumination light transmission system includes an integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system and a split self-focusing illumination light transmission system.

[0141] (I) The integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system consists of a self-focusing fiber coupler, a self-focusing fiber, a self-focusing eyepiece, and a homogenizing lens assembly. The illumination light is focused onto the input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler by the focusing lens. The self-focusing fiber coupler couples the illumination light into the self-focusing fiber. After passing through the self-focusing fiber, the self-focusing eyepiece, and the homogenizing lens assembly, the illumination light enters the front field of view of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0142] (II) The split-type self-focusing illumination optical transmission system is a system in which a pair of male and female fiber optic connectors are embedded in the self-focusing fiber of the integrated self-focusing illumination optical transmission system. When the pair of male and female fiber optic connectors are separated, the split-type self-focusing illumination optical transmission system is divided into two independent parts: the front part includes a self-focusing fiber optic coupler, a front self-focusing fiber, and a male fiber optic connector; the rear part includes a female fiber optic connector, a rear self-focusing fiber, a self-focusing eyepiece, and a homogenizing lens assembly.

[0143] After the male and female fiber optic connectors are connected, the illumination light is focused by the focusing lens onto the input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler. The self-focusing fiber coupler couples the illumination light into the front self-focusing fiber. The illumination light then passes through the front self-focusing fiber, the male fiber optic connector, the female fiber optic connector, the rear self-focusing fiber, the self-focusing eyepiece, and the homogenizing lens assembly before entering the front field of view of the split-type high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The female and male fiber optic connectors of the split-type self-focusing illumination light transmission system are located in the connection section and the self-focusing inlet connector, respectively.

[0144] (III) The integrated high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is used in conjunction with the integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system. The split high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is used in conjunction with the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system.

[0145] In this embodiment, the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is equipped with two or more self-focusing illumination light transmission systems.

[0146] A self-focusing fiber coupler consists of two or more independent self-focusing lenses bonded together. The output surface of the first self-focusing lens is bonded to the input surface of the second self-focusing lens, and so on, with the input surface of the last self-focusing lens bonded to the output surface of the preceding self-focusing lens. The input surface of the first self-focusing lens in the self-focusing fiber coupler is called the input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler, and the output surface of the last self-focusing lens is called the output surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler. A self-focusing eyepiece consists of one or more independent self-focusing lenses bonded together, and the arrangement and combination of the self-focusing lenses are the same as those in the self-focusing fiber coupler.

[0147] For an integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system, the input end face of the self-focusing fiber is bonded to the output surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler, and the output end face of the self-focusing fiber is bonded to the input surface of the self-focusing eyepiece. The numerical aperture of the output end of the self-focusing fiber coupler is less than or equal to the numerical aperture of the self-focusing fiber, and the numerical aperture of the self-focusing fiber is less than or equal to the numerical aperture of the input end of the self-focusing eyepiece. A converged illumination beam is focused onto the input surface of a self-focusing fiber coupler. The self-focusing fiber coupler couples the illumination light to the self-focusing fiber bonded to the output surface. The self-focusing fiber transmits the illumination light from the output surface of the self-focusing coupler to the input surface of the self-focusing eyepiece. After passing through the self-focusing eyepiece and the homogenizing lens assembly, the illumination light is projected into the field of view in front of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. An ideal self-focusing fiber coupler is one that can couple all the illumination light focused on the input surface into the fiber core of the self-focusing fiber bonded to the output surface. The length of an ideal self-focusing fiber is L' = λ × N' = (2π ÷ g) × N', where L' is the length of the self-focusing fiber, λ = (2π ÷ g) is the pitch of the self-focusing fiber, g is the radial refractive index gradient of the self-focusing fiber, and N' is a positive integer.

[0148] In this embodiment, Figure 10 The diagram shown illustrates the optical transmission principle of a self-focusing fiber coupler. Figure 10 The self-focusing fiber coupler 45 shown consists of three self-focusing lenses: a first self-focusing lens 46, a second self-focusing lens 47, and a third self-focusing lens 48. The output surface of the first self-focusing lens 46 is bonded to the input surface of the second self-focusing lens 47, and the output surface of the second self-focusing lens 47 is bonded to the input surface of the third self-focusing lens 48. The input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45 is the input surface of the first self-focusing lens 46, and the output surface is the output surface of the third self-focusing lens 48. A beam of light is incident from an off-axis point P with an object distance of L1 and a height of H1. The self-focusing fiber coupler 45 delivers the light to point Q on its output surface, at a height of r3. r3 is less than or equal to the core radius a of a self-focusing fiber connected to the output surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45 (i.e., r3 ≤ a), and the numerical aperture NA3 of the output end of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45 is less than or equal to the numerical aperture NA of the self-focusing fiber. Figure 10 The numerical aperture NA1 at the input end of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45 shown is not equal to the numerical aperture NA3 at the output end, and NA1 > NA3.

[0149] A self-focusing lens is a cylindrical lens. Both end faces of a self-focusing lens are flat. The refractive index of a self-focusing lens is maximum at its central axis, n(0), and along the direction of the lens radius r, it follows a quadratic equation: n(r) = n(0) × [1 - (k...]. 2 ×r 2 [) / 2] gradually decreases. Because the lens is axially symmetric, the radial refractive index gradient k of the lens is also axially symmetric. When the incident angle Q(r) of light at radius r on the input end face of the self-focusing lens is less than or equal to the maximum incident angle Q(r) of the self-focusing lens at the corresponding radius r, max In a self-focusing lens, light travels forward in a sinusoidal transmission pattern, and the optical path length of all light rays with different transmission patterns is equal. In the above formula, n(r) is the refractive index at radius r of the self-focusing lens, n(0) is the refractive index at the central axis of the self-focusing lens, k is the radial refractive index gradient of the self-focusing lens, L1 is the object distance, L0 is the axial distance between the front and rear end faces of the self-focusing lens, L2 is the image distance, z is the distance between the input end face of the self-focusing lens and any cross-section in the lens (0 < z < L0), a is the radius of the self-focusing lens, r1 is the object height, and r2 is the image height.

[0150] Self-focusing fiber is a type of fiber where the refractive index n(0) is maximum at the central axis of the fiber core, and follows a quadratic equation along the radius of the fiber core: n(r) = n(0) × [1-(g)]. 2 ×r 2 [1 / 2] The multimode fiber gradually decreases in size. Because the fiber core is axisymmetric, the radial refractive index gradient g of the fiber core is also axisymmetrically distributed. In the above formula, n(r) is the refractive index at the radius b of the self-focusing fiber core, n(0) is the refractive index at the central axis of the self-focusing fiber core, g is the radial refractive index gradient, and b is the radius of the self-focusing fiber core. When a beam of light is incident on the input end face of the self-focusing fiber, the incident angle Q(0) satisfies Q(0) ≤ Q(0). max Under the conditions that the fiber length L0 = λ × N', light propagates forward in a sinusoidal transmission mode within a self-focusing fiber. The optical path length of light in all different transmission modes is equal within the self-focusing fiber, and the propagation direction of light leaving the output end face of the self-focusing fiber is the same as its propagation direction entering the input end face. Because the light entering the fiber propagates in a sinusoidal mode, it will not contact the outer surface of the self-focusing fiber core at radius b. The self-focusing fiber core confines the image within the fiber core, independent of total internal reflection. Due to this characteristic, light leakage does not occur when the self-focusing fiber bends due to its small bending radius. This is one of the biggest differences between self-focusing fibers and traditional step-index fibers.

[0151] Different optical fiber manufacturers use different materials and manufacturing processes, resulting in different radial refractive gradients (g) in self-focusing fibers. The parameters of self-focusing fibers produced by OFS Corporation in the United States are: n(0) = 1.4912, g = 0.00389 / μm@532nm. The quadratic equation for self-focusing fiber is n(r) = 1.4912 × [1 - (3.89)² × r² / 2], and the pitch is λ = 2π ÷ g = 1.615 mm. The length of a single self-focusing fiber is L0 = λ × Y = (2π ÷ g) × Y = 1.615 × Y (mm), where λ is the pitch of the self-focusing fiber, Y is a positive integer, and L0 is the length of the self-focusing fiber.

[0152] Figure 11 The diagram shown illustrates the principle of self-focusing fiber optic light transmission. Figure 11 On the input end face of the self-focusing fiber 49 shown, the incident angles Qa and Qb of incident rays A and B are both smaller than the maximum incident angle Q(0)(max)=2arcsin(NA) of the self-focusing fiber 49.

[0153] After incident rays A and B enter the core of the self-focusing fiber 49, they propagate forward in the core of the self-focusing fiber 49 in a sinusoidal transmission mode. When the length of the self-focusing fiber is L'0 = λ × N' = × (2π ÷ g) × N', the exit angle Q′ is when rays A and B leave the output end face of the self-focusing fiber 49. a and Q′ b The incident angle Q on the input end face a and Q b They are equal in size and have the same direction.

[0154] Figure 11 The virtual image in the diagram represents an off-axis incident ray C that enters the input surface of the self-focusing fiber 47 at a radius r (≤ a), where a is the core radius of the self-focusing fiber. Ray C propagates forward in the core of the self-focusing fiber 49 in a sinusoidal transmission mode. When ray C leaves the output surface of the self-focusing fiber 49, the exit angle Q′c is equal in magnitude and direction to the incident angle Qc at the input surface.

[0155] Figure 12 The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of an integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system. Figure 12The integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system shown consists of a self-focusing fiber coupler 45, a self-focusing fiber 49, a self-focusing eyepiece 52, and a homogenizing lens assembly 53. The illumination light emitted by the illumination light source 50 is focused onto the input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45 by the focusing lens 51. The self-focusing fiber coupler 45 couples the illumination light into the self-focusing fiber 49. After passing through the self-focusing fiber 49, the self-focusing eyepiece 52, and the homogenizing lens assembly 53, the illumination light enters the front field of view of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0156] Figure 13 The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of a split-type self-focusing illumination light transmission system. Figure 13 The split-type self-focusing illumination light transmission system shown consists of a self-focusing fiber coupler 45, a front self-focusing fiber 54, and a fiber male connector 55 in the front half, and a fiber female connector 56, a rear self-focusing fiber 57, a self-focusing eyepiece 52, and a homogenizing lens assembly 53 in the rear half. When the fiber male connector 55 and the fiber female connector 56 are connected, the illumination light emitted by the illumination light source 50 is focused by the focusing lens 51 onto the input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45. The self-focusing fiber coupler 45 couples the illumination light into the front self-focusing fiber 54. After passing through the front self-focusing fiber 54, the fiber male connector 55, the fiber female connector 56, the rear self-focusing fiber 57, the self-focusing eyepiece 52, and the homogenizing lens assembly 53, the illumination light enters the front field of view of the high-definition digestive endoscope.

[0157] In a preferred embodiment, the 1 / N self-focusing inlet connector is provided with a beam splitting system and N self-focusing fiber optic couplers, and is used in conjunction with a high-definition digestive tract endoscope provided with N self-focusing illumination light transmission systems.

[0158] A self-focusing inlet connector is a device that splits a single incident converging illumination beam into N illumination beams, and projects these N beams onto the input surfaces of N self-focusing fiber couplers. This is called a 1 / N self-focusing inlet connector. The 1 / N self-focusing inlet connector incorporates N self-focusing fiber couplers within a self-focusing illumination light transmission system, and is used in conjunction with a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope equipped with N self-focusing illumination light transmission systems. The self-focusing inlet connector includes a beam splitting system. There are two different optical and structural designs for the beam splitting system; the first design consists of prisms, a flat glass plate, a plane mirror, and lenses. The optical design, beam splitting structure, optical elements, and their quantities vary in different 1 / N self-focusing inlet connectors. The surfaces of the prisms, flat glass plate, and optical elements in the beam splitting system are coated with a reflective or reflective-transmission film, where the reflective-transmission film coefficient determines the ratio between the reflected illumination light projected onto the flat glass surface and the illumination light that penetrates the flat glass plate. The second design includes a conventional beam guide and lenses. The light guide beam consists of thousands or tens of thousands of optical fibers. The rear section of the light guide beam is divided into N beam splitters. Each beam splitter is followed by a converging lens to focus the illumination light from the beam splitter onto a self-focusing fiber coupler surface. The illumination light then passes through a self-focusing fiber bonded to the output surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler, a self-focusing eyepiece, and a homogenizing lens assembly before entering the field of view in front of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. After passing through the beam splitting system, the luminous flux of each beam can be the same or different. The technical requirements for high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes not only require the illumination light to fill a field of view with a defined viewing angle in front of the endoscope, but also specify requirements for the intensity distribution of the illumination light within the field of view. In the design of high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes, the field of view of the illumination light is between 120-170°. A standard self-focusing eyepiece has a field of view between 50-80°. Therefore, a homogenizing lens group in a self-focusing illumination light transmission system obtains an illumination light field with a definite distribution pattern and a larger field of view by magnification and redistribution.

[0159] A high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope can incorporate two or more independent self-focusing illumination light transmission systems, with the self-focusing fiber optic couplers of all systems located in the self-focusing inlet connector. The advantages of a self-focusing illumination light transmission system include (but are not limited to): First, the coupling efficiency of the self-focusing fiber optic coupler-self-focusing fiber is higher than that of the traditional cylindrical lens-guide beam; second, the illumination light transmission efficiency of the self-focusing fiber is higher than that of the traditional guide beam; third, the self-focusing fiber is less prone to breakage, eliminating the breakage and light leakage problems of traditional guide beams; fourth, the insertion section of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope provides greater free space, more convection heat transfer space, and higher heat transfer efficiency; fifth, more illumination homogenizing lens groups can be installed in the insertion head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, resulting in a more uniform illumination light field distribution; sixth, it features a simple structure, is less prone to damage and light leakage, has a longer service life, and lower operating costs; and seventh, it offers lower material, assembly, and usage costs.

[0160] In the lighting box, a beam of illumination light emitted from the light source is focused by a focusing lens into a 1 / 2 or 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector. A beam splitting system within the 1 / 2 or 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector splits the incident focused illumination beam into two or three beams. These beams are then projected onto the input surfaces of two or three independent self-focusing fiber couplers. Each self-focusing fiber coupler couples the illumination light entering the coupler into a self-focusing fiber bonded to its output surface. For the first beam splitting system design, three beams with the same luminous flux can be obtained by adjusting the area or coating material ratio of the reflective and transmissive films on the two flat glass surfaces of the beam splitting system in the 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector.

[0161] Figure 14 The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of the first type of spectral splitting system in the 1 / 2 self-focusing inlet connector. Figure 14 In this process, a converging illumination beam enters the 1 / 2 self-focusing inlet connector 58 through an entrance window 59 in front of the connector. A prism 60 splits the incident converging illumination beam into two beams. The two beams are reflected by the first reflector 61 and the second reflector 61', respectively. After passing through the first converging lens 62 and the second converging lens 62', they are projected onto the input surfaces of the first self-focusing fiber coupler 45' and the second self-focusing fiber coupler 45" respectively. The first self-focusing fiber coupler 45' and the second self-focusing fiber coupler 45" couple the two beams of illumination to the first self-focusing fiber 49' and the second self-focusing fiber 49" respectively.

[0162] Figure 15The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of the first type of spectral splitting system in the 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector. Figure 15 In this process, a beam of converging illumination light enters the 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector 63 through the entrance window 59. The first and second flat glass plates 64 and 64', each coated with a reflective and transmissive film, split the incident beam into three beams. Two of these beams, reflected by the first and second flat glass plates 64 and 64' respectively, are reflected by the first and second reflector mirrors 61 and 61', and then, after passing through the first and second converging lenses 65 and 65', are projected onto the input surfaces of the first and second self-focusing fiber couplers 45' and 45"' respectively. The illumination light passing through the first and second flat glass plates 64 and 64', each coated with a reflective and transmissive film, is then projected onto the input surface of the third self-focusing fiber coupler 45"' after passing through the third converging lens 65''. The first self-focusing fiber coupler 45', the second self-focusing fiber coupler 45"' and the third self-focusing fiber coupler 45"' respectively couple three converging illumination beams into the first self-focusing fiber 49', the second self-focusing fiber 49"' and the third self-focusing fiber 49"'.

[0163] Figure 16 The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of the second type of spectral splitting system design in the 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector. Figure 16 In this process, a beam of converging illumination light enters a beamguide 67 composed of thousands or tens of thousands of optical fibers through the entrance window 59 of the 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector 66 of the second beam splitting system design. The beamguide 67 is divided into a first beamguide bundle 68, a second beamguide bundle 68', and a third beamguide bundle 68''. The illumination light passes along the three beamguide bundles 68, 68', and 68'', respectively, and then passes through the first converging lens 69, the second converging lens 69', and the third converging lens 69'' before being projected onto the input surfaces of the first self-focusing fiber coupler 45', the second self-focusing fiber coupler 45'', and the third self-focusing fiber coupler 45'''. The first self-focusing fiber coupler 45', the second self-focusing fiber coupler 45'', and the third self-focusing fiber coupler 45''' respectively couple the three beams of converging illumination light into the first self-focusing fiber 49'', the second self-focusing fiber 49'', and the third self-focusing fiber 49'''.

[0164] In a preferred embodiment, the signal processing circuit board is divided into a basic signal processing circuit board and a main signal processing circuit board, which are respectively disposed in the insertion head and operating handle of the integrated or separate high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The basic signal processing circuit board only provides simple functions such as clock signal, synchronization signal, regulated power supply, and grounding. To prevent the electronic components on the high-definition equivalent prism module and the basic signal processing circuit board from being affected by the high-frequency electromagnetic field generated by medical devices outside the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the high-definition equivalent prism module and the basic signal processing circuit board are housed in a box with electromagnetic shielding function. The shielding box is provided with an air input connector and an exhaust port.

[0165] The main signal processing circuit board is housed in a metal shielded box within the operating handle of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The metal shielded box has an air inlet connector and an air outlet connector, which are connected to a cold air pipe and an air delivery pipe, respectively. This design prevents the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board from being affected by high-frequency electromagnetic fields generated by external medical devices, and prevents the heat generated by the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board from causing a localized temperature increase in the operating handle. A cold air pipe delivers air from the air compressor pump in the illumination light box of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system to the metal shielded box via the air inlet connector. The air carries away the heat generated by the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board through convection. An air delivery pipe delivers heated air to the insertion tip of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope via the air outlet connector on the metal shielded box. The air carries away the heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip, the electronic components on the basic signal processing circuit board, and the homogenizing lens assembly in the self-focusing illumination light transmission system within the insertion tip through convection.

[0166] During clinical examinations and treatments, doctors need to use the insertion, withdrawal, bending, and rotation of the endoscope's tip to detect polyps or lesions in the patient's natural cavities and organs. This allows for finding an ideal viewing angle and visual effect to observe, diagnose, and treat the polyps and lesions in detail. This routine operation causes the images acquired by the endoscope to rotate in real-time around the center of the display area on the monitor screen. Therefore, the display pattern of the images acquired by the endoscope on the monitor screen is usually a circle or octagon symmetrical about the center of the image display area on the screen. The effective pixel count of the imaging chip actually used in the endoscope is only a portion of the total pixel count of the imaging chip. In most cases, the vertical pixel count of the imaging chip determines the maximum range of the image display area on the monitor screen. Most high-definition imaging chips have a horizontal side length to vertical side height ratio of 16:9. Therefore, 9 / 16 of the total horizontal pixels on the imaging surface of a high-definition imaging chip are the effective horizontal pixels of the endoscope, and all of the vertical pixels are the effective vertical pixels of the endoscope.

[0167] As a preferred embodiment, the convective heat exchange system in the 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0168] (I) The air convection heat exchange system in the 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope includes a cold air pipe, an air delivery pipe, a partition plate, a hot air pipe, a tee, a tee air inlet pipe, a tee water inlet pipe, a tee outlet pipe, nozzles, and a master / daughter control valve. A cold air pipe delivers air from the air compressor pump in the illumination light box of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system through the inlet connector, connecting part, operating handle, and air connector on the metal shielding box of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope to the metal shielding box. The air carries away the heat generated by the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board located in the metal shielding box through convection. An air delivery pipe delivers heated air from the metal shielding box through the air outlet connector on the metal shielding box, the operating handle, and the insertion part to the insertion head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The heated air carries away the heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip, the electronic components on the basic signal processor circuit board, and the uniform light lens assembly in the self-focusing illumination light transmission system located in the insertion head through convection. Reheated air enters the inner cavity of the insertion section of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. A hot air tube, with its tip located within the inner cavity of the insertion section, delivers the reheated air to the master and slave control valves on the operating handle. The air then enters the upper air chamber of the master and slave control valves via the air input connector on the slave valve. The hot air exits the integrated or separate high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through a normally open vent on the master and slave control valve button or a nozzle on the tip of the insertion section.

[0169] In clinical practice, during normal examinations and treatments, hot air from the inner cavity of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope exits through a normally open vent hole on the control valve. When the doctor needs to inject air into the patient's natural cavities or organs, the doctor places their finger on the normally open vent hole of the control valve and blocks it. The hot air cannot exit through this vent hole and instead enters the lower air chamber from the upper air chamber of the control valve, passing through the air output connector, the three-way air input tube, the three-way valve, the three-way output tube, and the nozzle at the tip of the insertion section before exiting the endoscope. When a doctor needs to clean the lens assembly glass at the insertion tip of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the doctor places their finger on the normally open vent hole of the control valve button and presses the button all the way down. A water pipe delivers water from the water supply tank of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system through the endoscope's inlet connector and inlet section to the water chamber of the control valve in the operating handle. The water then exits the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through the three-way water inlet pipe, the three-way outlet pipe, and the nozzle at the insertion tip. After the doctor completes the inflation or flushing operation, they release their finger from the control valve button. The valve core returns to the normal examination and treatment position under the action of the button spring in the button module. The hot air in the inner cavity of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope's insertion section then exits the endoscope again through one of the normally open vent holes on the control valve button. The air convection heat exchange system promptly removes the heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip, basic signal processing circuit board, main signal processing circuit board, and uniform light lens group in the self-focusing illumination light transmission system in the insertion tip of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through convection, and keeps the temperature of the insertion tip below the safe temperature standard required by the gastrointestinal endoscope specifications.

[0170] (II) The air convection heat exchange system in the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is constructed by adding an additional tee, a first additional tee outlet pipe, a second additional tee outlet pipe, and an additional nozzle to a single tee outlet pipe in the 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The first and second additional tee outlet pipes are respectively connected to two nozzles on the insertion tip of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. Clinically, when doctors inject air into the patient's natural cavities or organs and clean the lens assembly glass on the insertion tip of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope during normal examinations and treatments, the operation method and process of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope are exactly the same as those of the 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0171] In clinical practice, whether doctors are performing routine examinations and treatments or injecting air into the patient's natural cavities or organs, the convective heat transfer process of air within a high-definition digestive endoscope is continuous; only the path of the hot air leaving the endoscope differs. However, when doctors need to clean contaminants and impurities from the lens assembly glass at the insertion tip of the high-definition digestive endoscope, the hot air remains trapped within the endoscope's internal cavity and cannot leave. Therefore, during the rinsing process, the air convection heat transfer process is ineffective. In this case, water cools the insertion tip of the endoscope through convection as it exits the endoscope. Furthermore, cleaning the lens assembly glass is a relatively short process. Contaminants and impurities adhering to the lens assembly glass include (but are not limited to) blood, mucus, tissue residue, mist, excrement left over from incomplete cleaning of the digestive tract or organs, and mixtures of other impurities from the mucous membranes of natural cavities or organs.

[0172] In a preferred embodiment, the master-slave control valve comprises a valve body, a valve core, a slave valve, and a push-button module; wherein:

[0173] The valve body is a cylindrical hollow cylinder, closed at the bottom and open at the top. The hollow inner cavity of the valve body is divided into a lower cavity and an upper cavity, with the diameter of the lower cavity being smaller than that of the upper cavity. The central axis of the valve body coincides with the central axes of both the lower and upper cavities. Along the direction from the lower cavity to the upper cavity, the valve body wall is sequentially equipped with a water output connector, a water input connector, an air output connector, and a through hole for connecting a sub-valve. A valve body positioning ring is located at the upper edge of the upper cavity. Multiple bolts secure the valve body to the operating handle of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through screw holes on the surface of the positioning ring. The outer edge of the valve body positioning ring is an "L"-shaped groove, which mates with the "L"-shaped convex edge of the rubber skirt of the button module and is used to secure the button module.

[0174] The valve core is a single shaft divided into a lower shaft and an upper shaft. The lower shaft is a solid shaft with a diameter smaller than the lower cavity diameter of the valve body. The upper shaft is a hollow shaft with an outer diameter smaller than the upper cavity diameter of the valve body. The bottom of the hollow shaft has a radially penetrating hole that communicates with the lower part of the hollow shaft, while the upper part of the hollow shaft is open. Along the direction from the lower shaft to the upper shaft, the valve core is sequentially equipped with a first rubber sealing ring, a lower shaft positioning ring, a second rubber sealing ring, a third rubber sealing ring, an upper shaft positioning ring, and a fourth rubber sealing ring. The first rubber sealing ring is located above the water output connector, and the second rubber sealing ring is located above the water input connector. The first and second rubber sealing rings form a water cavity located in the lower cavity of the valve body. The third rubber sealing ring is located in the upper cavity of the valve body. The second and third rubber sealing rings form a lower air cavity, in which the air output connector is located. The third and fourth rubber sealing rings form an upper air cavity, and the upper shaft positioning ring and a through hole on the valve body cylinder wall connecting the sub-valve are located in the upper air cavity.

[0175] In clinical practice, during examinations, treatments, and inflation procedures, the water output connector is sealed by the first rubber sealing ring, preventing water from leaving the water chamber. When the doctor flushes the protective glass of the lens assembly at the head of the operating unit, as the valve core moves downwards, the first rubber sealing ring moves synchronously downwards below the water output connector. The second rubber sealing ring, after moving downwards, remains above the water input connector. Water enters the water chamber through the water input connector and exits the water chamber and the control valve via the water output connector. The third rubber sealing ring moves downwards into the lower chamber, sealing the air output connector, preventing hot air in the upper air chamber from leaving the control valve through the air output connector in the lower air chamber.

[0176] The sub-valve consists of a ejector pin, a cylinder, an ejector pin spring, a bolt, and an air input connector. The head end of the cylinder is fixed to the valve body. The ejector pin head of the sub-valve has a rotational curved surface shape. The ejector pin spring, located in the cylinder, tightly contacts the head end surface of the ejector pin with the edge of the through hole on the valve body wall, forming a valve. A bolt is located at the bottom of the cylinder to adjust the forward thrust of the ejector pin spring on the ejector pin, ensuring a tight contact and sealing effect between the head end surface of the ejector pin and the edge of the through hole. When the valve core is inserted into the valve body, the downward movement of the inclined side surface of the upper shaft positioning ring continuously compresses the ejector pin, causing it to move backward along the central axis of the sub-valve cylinder. The head end surface of the ejector pin separates from the edge of the through hole, opening the valve. Hot air enters the upper air chamber of the main control valve through the gap between the head end surface of the ejector pin and the edge of the through hole. When the valve core is withdrawn from the valve body, the ejector pin spring in the cylinder continuously pushes the ejector pin forward until the head end surface of the ejector pin tightly contacts the edge of the through hole, closing the valve. An air input connector is provided on the cylinder.

[0177] After clinical examination and treatment, before the routine cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, and drying of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the valve core of the master control valve needs to be removed from the valve body. Then, both the valve core and the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope are cleaned, disinfected, sterilized, and dried separately. After the valve core is removed from the valve body, the needle tip of the slave valve automatically closes and seals the through-hole on the valve body wall under the action of the needle spring. During the cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, and drying process of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the disinfection and cleaning fluids will not enter the internal cavity of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through the gap between the through-hole on the valve body wall and the surface of the needle tip.

[0178] The upper locating ring is a trapezoidal frustum fixed to the valve core. The large end diameter of the frustum and the upper cavity diameter of the valve body are in a dynamic fit, allowing them to slide against each other. A groove is provided along the circumference of the side surface of the upper locating ring. When the valve core is inserted into the valve body, the downward movement of the inclined side surface of the upper locating ring continuously compresses the ejector pin, causing it to move backward along the central axis of the sub-valve cylinder. When the ejector pin tip falls into the groove, the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is in a normal examination and treatment state. At this time, hot air in the inner cavity of the insertion section of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope can enter the upper air cavity of the master-slave control valve through the air input connector on the sub-valve and exit through the normally open vent hole on the button. The upper locating ring is used for valve core positioning, opening and closing the sub-valve. The inclined side surface of the upper locating ring is flat, smooth, and has high surface hardness. In this embodiment, the upper shaft positioning ring is made of polymer material, which has a certain self-lubricating effect when it is in direct contact with and in relative motion with the metal pin tip of the sub-valve.

[0179] In clinical practice, during normal examinations and treatments, the valve pin is positioned in the groove on the side surface of the upper shaft positioning ring, and the valve core and the main control valve are in a normal examination and treatment state. When the doctor needs to inflate the patient's natural cavities or organs, the doctor places their finger on the button of the main control valve and blocks the normally open vent. The valve pin remains in the groove on the upper shaft positioning ring. Hot air enters the valve through the air inlet connector, passes through the upper and lower air chambers of the main control valve, and exits the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through the nozzle at the insertion tip. When the doctor needs to clean the lens assembly glass at the insertion tip of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the doctor presses the valve core down completely, and the valve pin tip is ejected from the groove on the side surface of the upper shaft positioning ring, sliding along the side surface of the upper shaft positioning ring to a new position. After the doctor finishes the flushing operation, they release their finger from the control valve button. The valve core returns to the normal examination and treatment position under the force of the button spring, and the needle tip of the sub-valve returns to the groove on the side surface of the upper shaft positioning ring.

[0180] The button module consists of a skirt, an inner positioning ring, a button spring, and a button. The skirt is a rubber seat with an outwardly protruding "L"-shaped edge at its bottom. When installing the button module, the entire "L"-shaped edge of the rubber seat is inserted into the "L"-shaped groove on the outer edge of the valve body positioning ring. The inner positioning ring is fixed in a protruding groove on the inner wall of the skirt. A button is located on the upper part of the valve core's upper shaft, with the diameter of the button's central through-hole matching the diameter of the hollow opening in the upper shaft. A button spring is located between the bottom of the button and the inner positioning ring, automatically returning the button to its normal operating position after movement.

[0181] Figure 23 The diagram shown is a schematic of a master-slave control valve. Figure 23 The control valve shown consists of a valve body 16, a valve core 17, a sub-valve 15, and a push-button module 93. The valve body 16 is a hollow cylinder, closed at the bottom and open at the top, with a lower cavity diameter smaller than the upper cavity diameter. Along the direction from the lower cavity to the upper cavity, the valve body 16 has a water inlet connector 86, a water outlet connector 87, an air outlet connector 89, and a through hole 90 for connecting to the sub-valve 15. The sub-valve 15 is fixed to the cylinder wall of the valve body 16. The head end of the pin 96 of the sub-valve 15 is in close contact with the edge of the through hole 90 on the cylinder wall of the valve body 16, forming an air inlet valve. A pin spring 97 in the sub-valve 15 automatically pushes the pin 96 towards the through hole 90, closing the air inlet valve. The closing effect when the pin 96 contacts the edge of the through hole 90 can be adjusted by a bolt 98 at the bottom of the sub-valve 15. An air inlet connector 88 is provided on the cylinder wall of the sub-valve 15. The lower shaft of valve core 17 is a solid shaft, and the upper shaft is a hollow shaft. The bottom of the hollow shaft has a radial through-hole 84 extending radially through the lower part of the hollow shaft, and the upper part has a normally open vent hole 19. At the edge of the upper cavity of valve body 16, there is a valve body positioning ring 91 with an "L"-shaped groove structure on its outer edge. Along the lower and upper axial directions on valve core 17, there are a first rubber sealing ring 78, a lower shaft positioning ring 79, a second rubber sealing ring 80, a third rubber sealing ring 81, an upper shaft positioning ring 82, and a fourth rubber sealing ring 85, respectively. The upper shaft positioning ring 82 is a frustum, and the larger end of the frustum can slide against the inner wall of the upper cavity of valve body 16. A groove 83 for the upper shaft positioning ring is provided on its side surface. When the tip of the ejector pin 96 in sub-valve 15 falls into the groove 83 of the upper shaft positioning ring, valve core 17 is in a normal inspection and treatment state. The button module 93 includes a rubber skirt 92, a button spring positioning ring 94, a button spring 95, and a button 18. The lower edge of the rubber skirt 92 is L-shaped and is used to cooperate with the L-shaped groove 91 at the edge of the upper cavity of the valve body 16.

[0182] Figure 24The diagram illustrates the airflow during normal inspection and treatment of a master-slave control valve. Before clinical use, the doctor inserts the valve core 17 into the inner cavity of the valve body 16. During insertion, the frustum-shaped inclined surface of the upper shaft positioning ring 82 on the valve core 17 continuously pushes the ejector pin 96 backward, causing it to move backward until the tip of the ejector pin 96 falls into a groove ring 83 on the side surface of the upper shaft positioning ring 82. At this point, the master-slave control valve and valve core 17 are in a normal operating state. The tip surface of the ejector pin 96 has disengaged from the edge of the through hole 90 on the upper cavity wall of the valve body. Hot air enters the upper air cavity 22 of the master-slave control valve through the air input connector 88 on the slave valve 15, the gap between the tip surface of the ejector pin 96 and the through hole 90, passes through the radial through hole 84 at the lower part of the hollow shaft of the valve core 17, and exits the master-slave control valve through the normally open exhaust hole 19 on the hollow shaft.

[0183] Figure 25 The diagram shows the air flow during the inflation operation of a master-slave control valve. In clinical practice, when a doctor needs to inject air into a patient's natural cavities or organs, the doctor places their finger F on button 18 of the master-slave control valve and blocks the normally open vent 19. Hot air enters the upper air chamber 22 of the master-slave control valve through the gap between the air inlet connector 88 on the slave valve 15, the tip surface of the ejector pin 96, and the through hole 90, passes through the lower air chamber 21, and exits the master-slave control valve through the air outlet connector 89.

[0184] Figure 26 The diagram illustrates the water flow during the flushing operation of a master control valve. Clinically, when a doctor needs to clean the protective glass of the lens assembly at the insertion tip of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the doctor places their finger F on button 18 of the master control valve, blocks the normally open vent 19, and presses button 18 and valve core 17 all the way down. The first rubber sealing ring 78 moves downwards below the water output connector 87, while the second rubber sealing ring 80, after moving downwards, remains above the water input connector 86. The water cavity 20 between the first and second rubber sealing rings 78 and 80 is opened, allowing water to enter the water cavity 20 through the water input connector 86 and exit the master control valve through the water output connector 87. The third rubber sealing ring 81 moves downwards into the lower cavity of the valve body 16 and seals the lower air cavity 21, preventing hot air entering the upper air cavity 22 of the master control valve from leaving through the air output connector 89.

[0185] Working principle:

[0186] Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of convection heat exchange during normal examination and treatment using a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. Figure 1The diagram shows a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and some components of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system. The main components of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope shown include an insertion head 1, an insertion section 2, an operating handle 3, an inlet section 4, and a self-focusing inlet connector 5. A cold air pipe 8 delivers air from an air compressor pump 6 through the air input connector 7 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The air then passes through the self-focusing inlet connector 5, the inlet section 4, and the operating handle 3, entering the metal shielding box 9 located in the operating handle 3. The air carries away the heat generated by the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board 10 within the metal shielding box 9 via convection. An air delivery pipe 11 delivers the heated air from the metal shielding box 9 to the insertion head 1 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The air carries away the heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip, the basic signal processing circuit board 12, and the illumination light in the homogenizing lens assembly within the high-definition equivalent prism module 13 via convection. The reheated air enters the inner cavity of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope insertion section 2, passes through a hot air pipe 14 and the sub-valve 15 of the master control valve in the operating handle 3, and enters the upper air chamber 22 of the master control valve. It then exits the high-definition digestive tract endoscope through the upper hollow shaft of the valve core 17 and a normally open exhaust port 19 at the center of the button 18.

[0187] Figure 2 The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of convection heat transfer during the inflation process of a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. Figure 2 The image shows a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and a portion of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system. Clinically, when a doctor needs to inject air into a patient's natural cavities or organs, the doctor places their finger F on button 18 of the control valve and blocks the normally open vent 19. Hot air enters from the upper air chamber 22 of the control valve into the lower air chamber 21, passes through the air inlet pipe 24 of the three-way valve 25, the outlet pipe 26 of the three-way valve 25, and exits the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through a nozzle 27 on the insertion tip 1 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0188] Figure 3 The diagram shown illustrates the convective heat transfer principle during the cleaning of the lens assembly glass of a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. Figure 3The diagram shows a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and some components of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system. A water tank 28 is connected to the water inlet connector 29 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and the air compressor pump 6, respectively. Water from the water tank 28 enters the water chamber 20 of the control valve through the water inlet connector 29 and a water inlet pipe 30. Clinically, when a doctor needs to clean the protective glass surface of the lens assembly, the doctor places their finger F on the button 18 of the control valve, blocks the normally open vent 19, and presses the button 18 and valve core 17 all the way down. The valve core 17, along with all the rubber sealing rings and positioning rings fixed to it, moves downwards simultaneously. At this time, the water outlet connector in the water chamber 20 of the control valve is opened, and the lower air chamber 21 is closed. Water in the water chamber 20 of the control valve exits through the water output connector, then through the three-way water inlet pipe 31 of the three-way valve 25, the outlet pipe 26 of the three-way valve 25, and a nozzle 27 on the insertion head 1 of the high-definition digestive endoscope, before exiting the endoscope. A partition plate 23, as shown in the figure, is located within the inner cavity of the insertion head 2 of the high-definition digestive endoscope. An air delivery pipe 11, a hot air pipe 14, a three-way air inlet pipe 24, and a three-way water inlet pipe 31 each pass through their corresponding through holes on the partition plate 23. The hot air pipe 14 is fixed to the partition plate 23.

[0189] Figure 4 The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of convection heat exchange during normal examination and treatment using a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. Figure 4 The image shows a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and some components of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system. A cold air pipe 8 delivers air from an air compressor pump 6 through the air input connector 7 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope into the endoscope, then through the inlet section 4 and the operating handle 3 into a metal shielding box 9 located in the operating handle 3. The air carries away the heat generated by the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board 10 located in the metal shielding box 9 through convection. An air delivery pipe 11 delivers the heated air from the metal shielding box 9 to the insertion head 1 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The air carries away the heat generated by the two high-definition imaging chips 13', 13" and the basic signal processing circuit boards 12', 12" and the illumination light in the homogenizing lens assembly through convection. The reheated air enters the inner cavity of the insertion part 2 of the high-definition digestive endoscope, passes through a hot air pipe 14 and the sub-valve 15 of the master control valve in the operating handle 3, and enters the upper air chamber 22 of the master control valve. It then exits the 3D high-definition digestive endoscope through the upper hollow shaft of the valve core 17 and a normally open exhaust hole 19 in the center of the button 18.

[0190] Figure 5 The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of convection heat transfer during the inflation process of a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. Figure 5The image shows a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and some components of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system. Clinically, when a doctor needs to inject air into a patient's natural cavities or organs, the doctor places their finger F on button 18 of the control valve and blocks the normally open vent 19. Hot air from the upper air chamber 22 of the control valve enters the lower air chamber 21, passes through the air inlet pipe 24 of the three-way valve 25, the outlet pipe 26 of the three-way valve 25, the first outlet pipe 33 and the second outlet pipe 34 of the auxiliary three-way valve following the auxiliary three-way valve 32, the nozzle 27 on the insertion tip 1 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, and the auxiliary nozzle 35 before exiting the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0191] Figure 6 The diagram shown illustrates the convective heat transfer principle during the cleaning of the lens assembly glass of a 3D high-definition digestive endoscope. Figure 6 The image shows a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and some components of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system. A water tank 28 is connected to the water inlet connector 29 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and the air compressor pump 6, respectively. Water from the water tank 28 enters the water chamber 20 of the master control valve through the water inlet connector 29 on the self-focusing inlet connector 5 and a water inlet pipe 30. Clinically, when a doctor needs to clean the protective glass surface of the lens assembly, the doctor places their finger F on the button 18 of the master control valve, blocks the normally open vent 19, and presses the button 18 and valve core 17 all the way down. The valve core 17, along with all the rubber sealing rings and positioning rings fixed to it, moves downwards simultaneously. At this time, the water outlet connector in the water chamber 20 of the master control valve is opened, and the lower air chamber 21 is closed. Water entering the water chamber 20 of the control valve leaves the control valve through the water output connector, passes through the water input pipe 31 of the tee 25, the output pipe 26 of the tee 21, the first output pipe 33 and the second output pipe 34 of the auxiliary tee 32, the nozzle 27 and the auxiliary nozzle 35 on the insertion head 1 of the high-definition digestive endoscope, and then leaves the high-definition digestive endoscope. A partition 23, as shown in the figure, is located in the inner cavity of the insertion section 2 of the 3D high-definition digestive endoscope. An air delivery pipe 11, a hot air pipe 14, the air input pipe 24 of the tee 25, and the water input pipe 31 of the tee 25 each pass through their corresponding through holes on the partition 23. The hot air pipe 14 is fixed to the partition 19.

[0192] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Thus, if these modifications and modifications of the invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the invention is also intended to include these modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A high-definition digestive endoscope based on heat transfer by convection, characterized by, The high-definition digestive tract endoscope is part of a high-definition digestive tract endoscope system, comprising: a high-definition equivalent prism module, an air convection heat exchange system, a self-focusing illumination light transmission system, and a self-focusing insertion part joint. The high-definition equivalent prism module is composed of a lens group, an equivalent prism, a high-definition imaging chip, and a basic signal processing circuit board; for a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope, the center lines of the two lens groups in the two high-definition equivalent prism modules are respectively perpendicular to the right-angle input surfaces of the equivalent prisms in the high-definition equivalent prism modules in which the lens groups are located, and do not pass through the centers of the right-angle input surfaces of the equivalent prisms. The air convection heat exchange system sequentially delivers air output from an air compression pump in the high-definition digestive tract endoscope system to an operating handle and an insertion part head end of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope, and the air carries away heat generated in the self-focusing illumination light transmission system by convection, the heated air exits the high-definition digestive tract endoscope through a normally open exhaust hole on a sub-mother control valve in the operating handle or a nozzle on the insertion part head end. The self-focusing illumination light transmission system comprises a self-focusing optical fiber coupler, a self-focusing optical fiber, an optical fiber joint, a self-focusing eyepiece, and the homogenizing lens group. The self-focusing insertion part joint comprises a light splitting system and N self-focusing optical fiber couplers, after a bundle of illumination light enters the self-focusing insertion part joint, the light splitting system splits the bundle of incident illumination light into N bundles of illumination light and projects them onto the input surfaces of N self-focusing optical fiber couplers respectively, and the N self-focusing optical fiber couplers respectively couple the N bundles of illumination light into N self-focusing optical fibers bonded together with the output surfaces of the self-focusing optical fiber couplers; wherein N is an integer. The sub-mother control valve is composed of a valve body, a valve core, a sub-valve, and a button module; wherein: The valve body is a cylindrical hollow cylinder with a closed bottom and an open top, the hollow inner cavity of the valve body is divided into a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the diameter of the lower cavity is smaller than that of the upper cavity, the center axis of the valve body coincides with the center axes of the lower cavity and the upper cavity, and the cylinder wall of the valve body is sequentially provided with a water output joint, a water input joint, an air output joint, and a through hole for connecting the sub-valve along the direction from the lower cavity to the upper cavity; The valve core is an axis and is divided into a lower axis and an upper axis, the lower axis is a solid axis with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the lower cavity of the valve body, and the upper axis is a hollow axis with an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the upper cavity of the valve body, the bottom of the hollow axis is provided with a through hole penetrating the hollow axis along the radial direction and communicating with the hollow axis, and the upper part of the hollow axis is open; the valve core is sequentially provided with a first rubber sealing ring, a lower axis positioning ring, a second rubber sealing ring, a third rubber sealing ring, an upper axis positioning ring and a fourth rubber sealing ring in the direction of the lower axis towards the upper axis; the first rubber sealing ring is located above the water output connector, the second rubber sealing ring is located above the water input connector, a water cavity is formed between the first rubber sealing ring and the second rubber sealing ring, and the first rubber sealing ring and the second rubber sealing ring are located in the lower cavity of the valve body; the third rubber sealing ring is located in the upper cavity of the valve body, a lower air cavity is formed between the second rubber sealing ring and the third rubber sealing ring, and the air output connector is located in the lower air cavity; an upper air cavity is formed between the third rubber sealing ring and the fourth rubber sealing ring, and the upper axis positioning ring and a through hole connecting the sub-valve on the barrel wall of the valve body are located in the upper air cavity; The upper axis positioning ring is a circular truncated cone with a meridian section being a trapezoid, the diameter of the large end of the circular truncated cone is in loose fit with the diameter of the upper cavity of the valve body, the large end and the small end of the circular truncated cone can slide relative to each other, and a groove ring is arranged on the side surface of the circular truncated cone along the circumference. The sub-valve is composed of a plunger, a cylinder, a plunger spring, a bolt and an air input connector; the head end of the cylinder is fixed with the valve body; the plunger spring tightly contacts the head end surface of the plunger with the edge of a through hole connecting the sub-valve on the upper cavity barrel wall of the valve body and forms a valve.

2. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat transfer by convection according to claim 1, characterized by The equivalent prism is a right-angle prism with a top angle of 45°, the length of the horizontal side and the height of the vertical side of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism are equal to the height of the vertical side of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip; the combination of the equivalent prism and the high-definition imaging chip includes horizontal combination and longitudinal combination; for the horizontal combination, the bottom horizontal side of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism coincides with the horizontal side of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip; for the longitudinal combination, the bottom horizontal side of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism is perpendicular to the horizontal side of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip.

3. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat transfer by convection according to claim 2, characterized by The high-definition digestive tract endoscope includes a 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope or a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope; A high-definition equivalent prism module is arranged in the head end of the insertion part of the 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope; no matter horizontal combination or longitudinal combination, the center line of the lens group is perpendicular to the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism and passes through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism. The head end of the 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope is provided with two identical and independent high-definition equivalent prism modules, the combination of the equivalent prism and the high-definition imaging chip in each high-definition equivalent prism module is identical, the centers of the two lens groups are located on a plane and are parallel to each other, the plane formed by the centers of the two lens groups is perpendicular to the imaging surfaces of the two high-definition imaging chips and the right-angle input surfaces of the equivalent prisms, the centers of the two lens groups do not pass through the centers of the right-angle input surfaces of the equivalent prisms in the high-definition equivalent prism modules in which the centers are located, the vertical lines passing through the centers of the right-angle input surfaces of the two equivalent prisms are located on a plane, and the distance between the center of the lens group and the vertical line passing through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism in each high-definition equivalent prism module is h.

4. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat transfer by convection according to claim 3, characterized by The sufficient and necessary condition for the linear 3D object space relationship of the two parallel back-to-back or face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules is h=t / 2-[T÷2A(F-W)]×Zconv. When the object at any position in the object space satisfies the relationship A=T÷[(F-W)×(2h-t)]×Z during shooting, an ideal stereoscopic image effect can be achieved; wherein h is the distance by which the two lens groups are initially set to be translated towards each other in opposite directions, T is the human interpupillary distance, t is the distance between the two vertical lines passing through the centers of the right-angle input surfaces of the equivalent prisms, A is the image magnification, F is the focal length of the lens group, W is the height of the right-angle side of the equivalent prism, and Zconv is the longitudinal coordinate of the equivalent convergence point of the two high-definition equivalent prism modules.

5. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat transfer by convection according to claim 4, characterized by For the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, the diameters of the imaging circles of the images projected by the two lens groups on the right-angle input surfaces of the two equivalent prisms are equal and are D+2h, wherein D is the diagonal length of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism.

6. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat transfer by convection according to claim 5, characterized by For two parallel set of the high-definition equivalent prism module, two lens groups are respectively translated along the direction opposite to each other by a distance of h'=h1+h2, the same stereoscopic image effect as the two converging way set of the high-definition equivalent prism module can be obtained; for two back-to-back set of the high-definition equivalent prism module, h1=t[F-W / 2+t2÷4(Zconv+F-W / 2+t)]÷[2(Zconv+F-W / 2+t)-t], h2=t 2 ÷4(Zconv+F-W / 2+t); for two face-to-face set of the high-definition equivalent prism module, h1=t[F-W / 2-(t×W)÷(Zconv+F-t / 2)]÷[2(Zconv+F-t / 2)+t], h2=(t×W)÷4(Zconv+F-t / 2).

7. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat transfer by convection according to claim 6, characterized by The high-definition digestive tract endoscope is divided into an integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope and a split high-definition digestive tract endoscope; wherein all the components of the integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope are connected and sealed with each other to form an integrated whole during assembly; the components of the integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope include an insertion part head end, an insertion part, an operation handle, a lead-in part and the self-focusing lead-in part joint; the split high-definition digestive tract endoscope is composed of an endoscope part and the self-focusing lead-in part joint which are connected and sealed as a whole; the endoscope part includes an insertion part head end, an insertion part, an operation handle, a lead-in part and a connecting part, wherein the quick connection mechanism arranged on the connecting part cooperates with the quick connection device at the rear end of the self-focusing lead-in part joint to complete the quick connection, locking and unlocking between the connecting part and the self-focusing lead-in part joint.

8. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat transfer by convection according to claim 7, characterized by The self-focusing illumination light transmission system is divided into an integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system and a split self-focusing illumination light transmission system; wherein the integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system is composed of the self-focusing fiber coupler, the self-focusing fiber, the self-focusing eyepiece and the homogenization lens group; the front half of the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system is composed of the self-focusing fiber coupler, the front self-focusing fiber and the fiber male joint, and the rear half is composed of the fiber female joint, the rear self-focusing fiber, the self-focusing eyepiece and the homogenization lens group.

9. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat transfer by convection according to claim 8, characterized by For the integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system, the input end face of the self-focusing fiber is bonded together with the output surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler, and the output end face of the self-focusing fiber is bonded together with the input surface of the self-focusing eyepiece; For the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system, the input end face of the front self-focusing fiber is bonded together with the output surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler, and the output end face of the rear self-focusing fiber is bonded together with the input surface of the self-focusing eyepiece.

10. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat transfer by convection according to claim 9, characterized by The integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope is used in cooperation with the integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system; and the split high-definition digestive tract endoscope is used in cooperation with the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system.

11. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat transfer by convection according to claim 10, characterized by The self-focusing lead-in part joint in the integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope is provided with an air joint, a water joint, a suction pump joint, a secondary flushing pump joint and an auxiliary electronic device joint; the connection part in the split high-definition digestive tract endoscope is provided with an air joint, a water joint, a suction pump joint, a secondary flushing pump joint and an auxiliary electronic device joint; and the fiber joint, the data line joint and the electric wire joint are respectively arranged on the front end face of the connection part and the rear end face of the self-focusing lead-in part joint.

12. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat exchange by convection according to claim 11, characterized in that, The self-focusing lead-in part joint is a 1 / N self-focusing lead-in part joint, which is formed by one light splitting system and N self-focusing fiber couplers; the 1 / N self-focusing lead-in part joint is used in cooperation with the high-definition digestive tract endoscope provided with N self-focusing illumination light transmission systems; for the integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system, N self-focusing fiber couplers respectively couple N beams of illumination light into N self-focusing fibers, which respectively pass through N self-focusing fibers, the self-focusing eyepiece and the homogenization lens group to enter the front field of view of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope; For the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system, N self-focusing fiber couplers respectively couple N beams of illumination light into N front self-focusing fibers, which respectively pass through N front self-focusing fibers, fiber male and female joints, rear self-focusing fibers, the self-focusing eyepiece and the homogenization lens group to enter the front field of view of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope; The light splitting system has two different optical designs, the first design including a prism, a flat glass, a plane mirror and a lens; and the second design including a light guide beam and a lens.

13. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on heat transfer by convection according to claim 12, characterized by The base signal processing circuit board and the main signal processing circuit board constitute a signal processing circuit board, and the base signal processing circuit board and the main signal processing circuit board are arranged in the head end of the insertion part and the operating handle of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope respectively; the main signal processing circuit board is arranged in the metal shielding box in the operating handle, and an air input connector and an air output connector are arranged on the metal shielding box and connected with the cold air pipe and the air conveying pipe respectively.

14. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on air convection heat exchange according to claim 13, characterized in that, For the 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope, the air convection heat exchange system comprises the cold air pipe, the partition plate, the air conveying pipe, the hot air pipe, the tee, the tee air input pipe, the tee water input pipe, the tee output pipe and the sub-mother control valve; the cold air pipe conveys the air output by the air compression pump in the illumination light box of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope system to the metal shielding box in the operating handle, and the air carries away the heat generated by the electronic elements on the main signal processing circuit board by convection; the air conveying pipe conveys the heated air in the metal shielding box to the head end of the insertion part, and the air carries away the heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip arranged in the head end of the insertion part, the electronic elements on the base signal processing circuit board and the illumination light in the homogenizing lens group by convection; the air heated again enters the lumen of the insertion part, the hot air pipe conveys the hot air to the upper air cavity of the sub-mother control valve, and the hot air leaves the high-definition digestive tract endoscope through a normally open exhaust hole on the button of the sub-mother control valve or a nozzle on the head end of the insertion part; For the 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope, the air convection heat exchange system is that an additional tee and two additional tee output pipes are added to the tee output pipe in the air convection heat exchange system of the 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope, and an additional nozzle is added to the head end of the insertion part, and the two additional tee output pipes are connected with the two nozzles on the head end of the insertion part of the 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope respectively.

Images