Locking steel plate for tibial plateau posterior lateral fracture and fixing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a locking steel plate for tibial plateau posterior lateral fracture and a fixing method. The steel plate comprises a near-end C-shaped structure, a middle-section transition part and a far-end extension part, the C-shaped structure bypasses a fibula head to achieve surrounding and fixing of a posterior-lateral fracture block, and by combining the 30-degree angle adjusting capacity of a universal screw, the adaptability of complex fractures is remarkably improved. A biomechanical test shows that the displacement resistance and the torsion resistance of the steel plate are superior to those of a traditional L-shaped steel plate and a lag screw. According to the design, only a single incision is needed on the front side and the outer side, operation risks are reduced, the recovery period is shortened, and the device is suitable for clinical treatment of tibial plateau lateral column and posterior lateral column combined fracture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of orthopedic medical devices, and in particular to a locking steel plate and a fixation method for posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, which are particularly suitable for achieving stable fixation of posterolateral fracture fragments through an anterolateral approach. Background Art

[0002] Due to the special anatomical location of the posterolateral tibial plateau fracture, which is adjacent to the common peroneal nerve, popliteal vessels and posterolateral complex of the knee joint, the traditional posterolateral approach has high surgical risks and is prone to iatrogenic injury. Currently, the anterolateral approach is mostly used in clinical practice, but it is blocked by the fibular head. The conventional CN209695356U proximal lateral tibial L-shaped compression locking plate is difficult to effectively fix the posterolateral fracture fragment. The CN207654230U dorsal oblique T-shaped metal special-shaped anatomical plate for distal radius fractures can achieve smaller fracture displacement through the posterolateral approach, but the complexity and risk of the operation are significantly increased. Lag screw fixation is prone to loss of reduction due to the lack of a supporting structure. The existing technology still lacks an anatomically adapted plate that can simultaneously fix the lateral column and the posterolateral column through the anterolateral approach. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a locking steel plate that can achieve stable fixation of the posterolateral fracture of the tibial plateau through an anterolateral approach. The C-shaped structure bypasses the fibular head to achieve circumferential fixation of the posterolateral fracture fragment. Combined with the 30° angle adjustment capability of the universal screw, the adaptability of complex fractures is significantly improved. Biomechanical tests have shown that its anti-displacement and anti-torsion properties are superior to those of traditional L-shaped steel plates and tension screws. This design only requires a single anterolateral incision, which reduces surgical risks and shortens the recovery period. It is suitable for the clinical treatment of combined fractures of the lateral column and posterolateral column of the tibial plateau.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A locking steel plate for fixing posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures, wherein the proximal end of the locking steel plate is in a C-shaped structure, and the C-shaped structure can extend around the top of the fibular head to the posterior lateral side of the tibial plateau, forming an embracing fixation.

[0006] Further, the proximal portion includes an upper portion and a lower portion that are integrally formed; a plurality of first universal locking screw holes are provided at the rear arc of the upper portion, each of which allows the locking screw to adjust the fixing direction within a range of 30 degrees; the lower portion is located in the middle of the upper portion and is provided with a plurality of second universal locking screw holes;

[0007] The diameter of the second locking screw hole is 3.5 mm;

[0008] The aperture of the first universal locking screw hole is 2.7 mm.

[0009] It is further explained that the locking plate further includes a mid-section transition portion and a distal extension portion, and the proximal portion, the mid-section transition portion and the distal extension portion are connected at the end for multi-plane fixation of the lateral tibial column;

[0010] A third locking screw hole is provided on the middle transition portion;

[0011] The distal extension portion is provided with a fourth locking screw hole;

[0012] The diameters of the third locking screw hole and the fourth locking screw hole are both 3.5 mm.

[0013] It is further explained that the thickness of the locking steel plate is 2.0-3.0 mm, and the material is medical titanium alloy or cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for fixing posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, which uses the locking steel plate described above to implant and fix the fracture fragments through an anterolateral approach.

[0015] It was further explained that during the operation, the screw angle was adjusted through the universal locking screw hole to avoid the common peroneal nerve and popliteal vessels, thereby achieving low-risk fixation.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The C-shaped proximal design of this application bypasses the fibular head, breaking through the visual field limitations of the traditional anterolateral approach and achieving full coverage and circumferential fixation of the posterolateral fracture fragment, resolving the fixation blind spot problem caused by obstruction caused by existing L-shaped plates. Finite element analysis has verified that the fracture fragment displacement of this plate under axial compression and torsional loads is approximately 25% less than that of an L-shaped plate and 40% less than that of a lag screw, approaching the performance of an oblique T-shaped plate, but without the need for a high-risk posterolateral approach. The use of an anterolateral approach avoids potential damage to the common peroneal nerve and popliteal artery caused by the traditional posterolateral approach, reducing the risk of postoperative complications. The universal locking screw hole design (30 degrees of freedom) allows for flexible adjustment of the screw direction according to the fracture fragment morphology during surgery, improving the fixation success rate of complex fractures and overcoming the limitations of traditional locking plate angle fixation. The distal multi-planar screw hole design supports combined horizontal and longitudinal fixation, simultaneously stabilizing the lateral and posterolateral tibial columns, and reducing the need for secondary surgery. Suitable for complex Schatzker V / VI fractures, it provides orthopedic surgeons with an efficient, safe, and integrated solution with significant clinical application value.

[0018] In summary, the present invention significantly improves the fixation effect of posterolateral fractures through structural innovation and biomechanical optimization while ensuring surgical safety, filling the gap in the existing technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a top cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0022] In the figure: upper part 1, locking screw 2, second universal locking screw 3, third locking screw hole 4, distal extension 5, fourth locking screw 6, fourth locking screw hole 7, third locking screw 8, lower part 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may also be a central component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may also be a central component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may also be a central component. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a locking plate and fixation method for posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. Figure 1A locking steel plate for fixing posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures, wherein the proximal end of the locking steel plate is in a C-shaped structure, and the C-shaped structure can extend around the top of the fibular head to the posterior lateral side of the tibial plateau, forming an embracing fixation.

[0028] See Figure 1 The proximal portion comprises an integrally formed upper portion 1 and lower portion 9. The upper portion 1 has several first universal locking screw holes located in the rear arc, each allowing the locking screw to adjust its orientation within a 30° range. The lower portion 9, located in the middle of the upper portion 1, includes several second universal locking screw holes 3. The preferred diameter of the second locking screw holes is 3.5 mm, while the diameter of the first universal locking screw holes is 2.7 mm. The diameters can be adjusted as needed. The first and second universal locking screw holes are schematically outlined.

[0029] See Figure 1 The locking plate further includes a mid-section transition portion and a distal extension portion 5, and the proximal portion, the mid-section transition portion, and the distal extension portion 5 are connected at their ends for multi-plane fixation of the lateral tibial column; a third locking screw hole 4 is provided on the mid-section transition portion; a fourth locking screw hole 7 is provided on the distal extension 5; the apertures of the third locking screw hole 4 and the fourth locking screw hole 7 are both 3.5 mm; the third locking screw hole 4 and the fourth locking screw hole 7 can be matched with a third locking screw 8 and a fourth locking screw 6, respectively, to be inserted into the tibia;

[0030] In actual production, the thickness of the locking steel plate is 2.0-3.0 mm, and the material is medical titanium alloy or cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy.

[0031] The present invention also provides a method for fixating posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, using the aforementioned locking plate to implant and fix the fracture fragments through an anterolateral approach. During the procedure, the screw angle is adjusted using a universal locking screw hole to avoid the common peroneal nerve and popliteal vessels, achieving low-risk fixation.

[0032] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0033] The plate is implanted through an anterolateral incision. The proximal C-shaped portion bypasses the fibular head and encases the posterolateral fracture fragment. Universal screws penetrate the fracture line at multiple angles. Distal screws secure the shaft through horizontal and longitudinal screw holes. The C-shaped encircling portion provides radial pressure through mechanical wrapping, while the universal screws provide multi-directional locking to offset shear forces. Double rows of distal screw holes form a "truss structure" to distribute stress and achieve combined fixation of both columns.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A locking plate for fixation of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, characterized by: The proximal portion of the locking steel plate is in the C-shaped structure, and the C-shaped structure can extend around the top of the fibular head to the posterior and lateral side of the tibial plateau to form an embracing fixation.

2. The locking steel plate according to claim 1, wherein: The proximal portion includes an integrally formed upper portion and a lower portion; a plurality of first universal locking screw holes are provided at the rear arc of the upper portion, each of which allows the locking screw to adjust the fixing direction within a range of 30 degrees; the lower portion is located in the middle of the upper portion and is provided with a plurality of second universal locking screw holes; The diameter of the second locking screw hole is 3.5 mm; The aperture of the first universal locking screw hole is 2.7 mm.

3. The locking steel plate according to claim 1, wherein: The locking plate further comprises a mid-section transition portion and a distal extension portion, wherein the proximal portion, the mid-section transition portion and the distal extension portion are connected to each other for multi-plane fixation of the lateral tibial column; A third locking screw hole is provided on the middle transition portion; The distal extension portion is provided with a fourth locking screw hole; The diameters of the third locking screw hole and the fourth locking screw hole are both 3.5 mm.

4. The locking steel plate according to claim 1, wherein: The locking steel plate has a thickness of 2.0-3.0 mm and is made of medical titanium alloy or cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy.

5. A method for fixing a posterolateral tibial plateau fracture, characterized in that: The locking plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is implanted and fixed through an anterolateral approach.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the operation, the screw angle is adjusted through the universal locking screw hole to avoid the common peroneal nerve and popliteal vessels, achieving low-risk fixation.

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