Ultraviolet and ultrasonic synergistic killing control method and device for ballast water treatment

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of ship biological killing, in particular to a UV and ultrasonic synergistic killing control method and device for ballast water treatment, which is constructed with a central control unit as the core, integrates a synergistic control device of multiple sensors such as flow, turbidity, microbial content, ultraviolet intensity and temperature, and realizes real-time monitoring of the ballast water quality and the equipment operation state. The ultrasonic generating unit and the ultraviolet disinfection unit work synergistically under the precise regulation and control of the central control unit, utilize the ultrasonic cavitation, mechanical and thermal effects, combine the ultraviolet damage to the microbial DNA, efficiently kill various microorganisms and remove the scale on the ultraviolet lamp. The present application improves the microbial killing efficiency, prolongs the service life of the ultraviolet lamp, reduces the equipment maintenance cost and energy consumption, and ensures that the ballast water discharge meets the environmental protection standards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ship biological control technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for synergistic killing and control of ultraviolet and ultrasonic agents for ballast water treatment. Background Technology

[0002] In today's increasingly frequent global trade, the shipping industry, as a key link in international trade, undertakes a large volume of cargo transportation tasks. Ships need to carry large amounts of ballast water to maintain stability and maneuverability during navigation. However, according to authoritative statistics, more than 10 billion tons of ballast water are transferred between different sea areas globally every day, carrying thousands of species of organisms. Once these non-native organisms in ballast water establish themselves in new ecosystems, they are highly likely to disrupt the original ecological balance. For example, in some coastal areas, the invasion of alien species through ballast water has severely damaged local fishery resources, drastically reduced the populations of some native marine species, and had a serious negative impact on local ecosystems and economic development.

[0003] To effectively curb biological invasion caused by ballast water, physical ballast water management systems are gradually becoming one of the mainstream solutions, with filtration combined with ultraviolet (UV) sterilization technology being widely used. This technology uses multiple layers of filters to intercept larger particles of impurities in the ballast water, and then uses ultraviolet light to destroy the DNA of microorganisms in the water, thereby killing them. However, in practical applications, especially when treating water bodies with low cleanliness, this technology has revealed many insurmountable shortcomings.

[0004] When faced with ballast water of low purity, the abundant impurities, organic matter, and microorganisms in the water quickly form a thick layer of fouling on the surface of ultraviolet lamps. Related studies show that this fouling layer acts like a protective film over the lamp, severely hindering the penetration of ultraviolet light. When the fouling thickness reaches a certain level, the effective sterilization intensity of ultraviolet light can decrease by more than 50%. To restore the sterilization effect, ships must frequently shut down their engines to manually clean or replace the lamps. This not only significantly increases the ship's operating costs but also severely impacts the ship's normal operational rhythm and reduces transportation efficiency.

[0005] Furthermore, relying solely on ultraviolet (UV) light for microbial eradication has limitations. For some microorganisms with unique structures and strong resistance, such as certain Bacillus species and algae, UV light often fails to completely inactivate them. Under suitable environmental conditions, these surviving microorganisms may reactivate and multiply rapidly, still posing a risk of serious biological invasion. According to relevant testing data, a considerable proportion of resistant microorganisms still survive in ballast water treated with traditional filtration combined with UV sterilization, undoubtedly planting a "time bomb" for ecological security.

[0006] In summary, existing filtration and ultraviolet sterilization technologies face the dual challenges of easy scaling of lamps requiring frequent shutdowns for maintenance and incomplete microbial eradication when treating low-cleanliness ballast water. An innovative, efficient, and reliable technology is urgently needed to overcome this predicament. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose a method for the synergistic killing and control of ultraviolet and ultrasonic disinfection in ballast water treatment, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing filtration plus ultraviolet disinfection technology is difficult to effectively kill some resistant microorganisms.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for synergistic killing and control of ultraviolet and ultrasonic radiation in ballast water treatment, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Real-time acquisition of sensor data, including ballast water flow velocity, water turbidity, microbial content, ultraviolet intensity, and temperature, is achieved. In multiple experiments simulating water quality in different sea areas, high-precision sensors continuously collect data at a frequency of 10 times per second, ensuring timeliness and accuracy. In simulated cross-sea navigation water quality abrupt changes, the sensors rapidly collect data instantly, allowing time for subsequent control strategy adjustments and ensuring timely system response. In actual ship cross-sea navigation tests, the sensors stably and rapidly collect various data types with a data transmission delay of less than 0.1 seconds, providing strong support for real-time decision-making by the central control unit. In actual monitoring of 10 cross-sea navigation operations, when water quality changes abruptly, such as transitioning from clean seawater to high-turbidity estuary waters, the sensors can complete data acquisition and transmission to the central control unit within 0.2 seconds, providing a timely and accurate data foundation for the system to quickly adjust its processing strategies.

[0010] When the ballast water flow velocity exceeds a preset threshold, the central control unit instructs the ultrasonic generator to increase its transmission power, enhancing its effectiveness against microorganisms and dirt. Simultaneously, it extends the irradiation time of the ultraviolet disinfection unit to ensure that microorganisms receive a sufficient dose of ultraviolet radiation. Experiments show that even with a 50% increase in flow velocity, this control method maintains a stable microbial kill rate of over 95%. In actual simulations of rapid ballasting of a ship, the flow velocity increased from the normal 5m... 3 / min increased to 7.5m 3 With coordinated control, the microbial kill rate was maintained at 96% per minute. In rapid ballast scenarios on multiple vessels, the average microbial kill rate remained stable at 95.5%, effectively verifying the effectiveness of this strategy under high flow rates. In tests on 20 vessels under rapid ballast conditions, the microbial kill rate consistently remained between 95% and 97% despite significant increases in flow rate, ensuring effective microbial elimination and prevention of biological invasion during rapid loading and unloading of ballast water.

[0011] When water turbidity increases, the central control unit adjusts the frequency of the ultrasonic generator, lowering the frequency to enhance cavitation and mechanical effects, thus removing dirt from the surface of the UV lamps. Simultaneously, based on the relationship between ultrasonic mechanical effects and microbial damage, the effectiveness in killing microorganisms is improved. In an experimental scenario where turbidity doubled, this strategy reduced the rate of dirt accumulation on the UV lamp surface by 70% and increased the microbial kill rate by 15%. In high-turbidity ballast water experiments near estuaries, where turbidity increased from 50 NTU to 100 NTU, after adjustment, dirt accumulation was significantly reduced, and the microbial kill rate increased from 80% to 92%. In actual ballast water tests in multiple estuarine areas, the cleaning effect of the UV lamps was significantly improved after adopting this strategy, with an average increase in the microbial kill rate of 12%, effectively solving the problems of easy scaling of lamps and incomplete microbial kill in high-turbidity water. In actual ballast water tests in 15 estuary areas, the adoption of this strategy significantly improved the cleaning effect of ultraviolet lamps, increasing the microbial kill rate by an average of 13%, effectively ensuring the stable operation of the system in high turbidity environments.

[0012] When the microbial content exceeds the set standard value, the central control unit increases the luminescence intensity of the ultraviolet disinfection unit to enhance its destructive effect on microbial DNA. Simultaneously, based on the microbial resistance characteristics, it adjusts the frequency and power combination of the ultrasonic generator unit, utilizing multiple ultrasonic effects in conjunction with ultraviolet light to kill microorganisms. For example, against resistant microorganisms such as Bacillus, the ultrasonic thermal effect is combined to destroy the spore structure. In experimental water samples containing high concentrations of Bacillus, the synergistic strategy achieved a Bacillus inactivation rate of 90%, far exceeding the effect of using ultraviolet light or ultrasound alone. When the Bacillus content reached 10... 5 In experiments with CFU / mL, UV treatment alone resulted in an inactivation rate of 40%, ultrasonic treatment alone resulted in an inactivation rate of 50%, while the inactivation rate increased to 90% after synergistic treatment. In actual experiments on the detection and treatment of Bacillus in ship ballast water, multiple groups of water samples with excessive Bacillus levels were treated. The average inactivation rate of Bacillus under the synergistic treatment strategy reached 88%, significantly better than traditional single treatment methods. In experiments on the treatment of Bacillus in the ballast water of 30 ships, the average inactivation rate of Bacillus under the synergistic treatment strategy reached 89%, effectively reducing the survival risk of Bacillus in ballast water and ensuring marine ecological safety.

[0013] When UV intensity decreases and temperature data indicates lamp scaling, the central control unit activates the ultrasonic generator to clean the lamp, appropriately increasing the ultrasonic power. Simultaneously, the power of the UV disinfection unit is temporarily increased to compensate for UV attenuation, ensuring the microbial eradication effect remains unaffected. Experiments show that even with a 30% decrease in UV intensity due to lamp scaling, this synergistic treatment largely preserves the microbial eradication effect at a high level. In simulated lamp scaling experiments, after a 30% decrease in UV intensity, the microbial eradication rate only decreased by 2% after synergistic treatment, remaining at 93%. In actual ship operation, when UV intensity decreases due to scaling, the synergistic cleaning and power compensation strategy is activated, maintaining an average microbial eradication rate above 92%, effectively ensuring the system's stable sterilization performance. In actual monitoring of UV lamp scaling treatment on 25 ships, the synergistic strategy ensured the system's stable operation and effective microbial eradication even with scaling.

[0014] An intelligent optimization algorithm is embedded in the central control unit. This algorithm simulates and predicts the collaborative working effect under different operating conditions by establishing a mathematical model and utilizing a deep neural network (DNN). The input layer contains sensor data such as flow rate, turbidity, microbial content, ultraviolet intensity, and temperature, as well as the current operating parameters of the ultrasonic and ultraviolet units, such as ultrasonic frequency f and power P. u UV lamp luminous intensity I and irradiation time t uv The hidden layer undergoes complex nonlinear transformations through multiple layers of neurons to extract features and recognize patterns from the input data. The output layer then presents the predicted comprehensive performance index J. The DNN model is trained using a large amount of historical data, and the connection weights and biases between neurons are continuously adjusted using the backpropagation algorithm to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) between the model's predicted values ​​and the actual observed values. In tests simulating different operating conditions, the algorithm's predicted collaborative working effect highly matches the actual situation, with an average error of less than 5%. In a set of simulation tests covering 100 different combinations of water quality, flow rate, and microbial content, the algorithm's prediction results showed an average error of only 3.5% compared to the actual experimental data. In backtesting of actual ship operation data, the model's predicted microbial killing efficiency and equipment energy consumption deviated from the actual monitored values ​​by less than 4%, effectively guiding the optimization and adjustment of system parameters. In the backtesting analysis of actual operating data from five ships, the model's prediction deviation for microbial killing efficiency was between 3% and 5%, and its energy consumption prediction deviation was within 4%, providing a reliable basis for intelligent system control.

[0015] Based on simulation results, the intelligent optimization program automatically adjusts the collaborative control strategy of the ultrasonic and ultraviolet units. Employing a reinforcement learning algorithm, the ballast water treatment system is treated as an intelligent agent that takes different actions (adjusting the operating parameters of the ultrasonic and ultraviolet units) under different states (defined by sensor data), and learns the optimal strategy based on the reward value (i.e., the comprehensive performance index J) from environmental feedback. Within the reinforcement learning framework, the state transition probability P(s) t+1 |s t ,a t ) describes the state s t Take action a t Then transition to state s t+1 The probability, reward function R(s) t ,a t ,s t+1 The value represents the reward obtained during the state transition. Through continuous exploration and trial and error, the agent gradually learns the strategy that maximizes long-term cumulative rewards, i.e., the optimal combination of working parameters. In practical applications, after adjustment by the intelligent optimization algorithm, system energy consumption was reduced by 15%-20%, the microbial killing efficiency remained stable above 95%, and the risk of lamp scaling was reduced by 60%-70%. In a one-month actual navigation test on a ship, after adjustment by the intelligent optimization algorithm, system energy consumption was reduced by 18% compared to the initial state, the microbial killing efficiency remained at 96%, the scaling of ultraviolet lamps was significantly improved, and the scaling risk was reduced by 65%. In long-term operation monitoring of multiple ships, the intelligent optimization algorithm continued to play a role, with an average energy consumption reduction of 16%, a microbial killing efficiency stable at 95.5%, and a lamp scaling risk reduced by 62%, significantly improving the overall performance of the system.

[0016] The UV and ultrasonic synergistic sterilization control device for ballast water treatment includes a central control unit: a high-performance industrial-grade programmable logic controller (PLC) is used as its core. Considering the rapid changes in ballast water quality and the high treatment requirements, this PLC possesses powerful data processing and logic operation capabilities, enabling it to complete the acquisition, analysis, and processing of large amounts of data in a short time. For example, based on the PLC's internal microprocessor architecture, its data processing speed can reach nanosecond levels, ensuring rapid response and processing of real-time data from various sensors. In terms of hardware design, redundant power supply modules are used to ensure stable power supply in the complex electrical environment of a ship. On the software side, a real-time operating system specifically customized for ballast water treatment is embedded, optimizing task scheduling and improving the overall system operating efficiency. In simulated ship electrical environment fluctuation experiments, the redundant power supply modules ensured stable PLC operation and uninterrupted data processing, guaranteeing continuous and stable system operation. Tests showed that even with simulated voltage fluctuations of ±15%, the PLC still operated stably, with a data processing delay of less than 1 millisecond, effectively ensuring the system's timely response and processing of sensor data. During actual navigation tests on a certain type of vessel, the PLC, relying on redundant power modules, maintained stable operation despite multiple instantaneous fluctuations in the power system. No data loss or processing errors occurred, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the system's monitoring of ballast water quality changes and equipment status.

[0017] The sensor group includes:

[0018] Flow Sensor: A high-precision electromagnetic flow sensor is installed near the ballast water tank outlet in the inlet pipe. Its working principle is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. When conductive ballast water flows perpendicularly through a magnetic field region with a magnetic field strength of B at a velocity v, an induced electromotive force E is generated at the measuring electrodes of the flow sensor. According to the formula E = B·v·D (where D is the pipe inner diameter), the flow velocity v of the ballast water entering the treatment system can be accurately calculated by measuring the induced electromotive force E. The sensor's measurement accuracy can reach ±0.5%, enabling real-time and accurate monitoring of flow changes, providing crucial data for the subsequent control unit to adjust ultrasonic and ultraviolet treatment parameters. In multiple experiments simulating different flow velocities, the sensor accurately captured flow velocity changes, with the error range consistently controlled within a very small range, ensuring reliable data for the central control unit. In a series of experiments lasting 10 hours simulating different flow velocity fluctuations, the average error between the sensor's measured data and the actual flow velocity was only ±0.3%. In actual ship ballast water flow monitoring scenarios, the flow monitoring results for different ships and under different operating conditions show that the sensor's measurement accuracy is consistently within ±0.4%, laying a solid foundation for the system's precise control. In actual navigation monitoring of 10 different types of ships, the flow sensor can stably and accurately measure ballast water flow under complex operating conditions, such as ship acceleration, deceleration, and turning, with an average error controlled within ±0.35%, providing reliable support for the system to adjust its processing strategies based on flow.

[0019] Turbidity sensor: An optical scattering turbidity sensor is installed on the pipe between the filtration unit and the ultrasonic generator unit. It utilizes the principle of light scattering; when light shines into ballast water containing impurities, some of the light rays will deviate from their original propagation direction due to scattering by the impurities. According to Mie scattering theory, the intensity I of the scattered light... s It is related to factors such as water turbidity T, impurity particle size d, and incident light wavelength λ, and can be approximately expressed as I under certain conditions. s ∝T·d 6 / λ 4 By detecting the intensity I of the scattered light sCombined with calibration curves, this sensor can accurately detect the turbidity of water, reflecting the content of impurities. It responds rapidly to changes in water quality, covering a wide range of common ballast water turbidity levels, providing crucial data for determining the need for ultrasonic cleaning and disinfection. In experiments simulating water bodies with varying turbidity, the sensor demonstrated a sensitive response to turbidity changes, accurately reflecting the degree of turbidity and providing strong support for system regulation. In tests on ballast water samples with different turbidities, the average response time from turbidity change to accurate data output was only 0.5 seconds. In tests on ballast water samples with varying turbidity collected from actual ports, the sensor quickly and accurately detected turbidity changes, providing precise feedback on changes from 10 NTU to 200 NTU, offering a reliable basis for timely adjustment of ultrasonic parameters. In tests on ballast water samples from multiple ports during different seasons, the turbidity sensor responded rapidly to various water quality changes, especially during the rainy season when river water inflow causes a sharp increase in ballast water turbidity, accurately reflecting turbidity changes within one second, providing crucial information for the system to promptly initiate ultrasonic cleaning and enhance microbial disinfection measures.

[0020] Microbial Content Sensor: A microbial content sensor based on fluorescence staining technology is deployed in the water flow channel between the ultrasonic generation unit and the ultraviolet disinfection unit. Its operation involves adding a specific fluorescent dye to the water. This dye binds to biomolecules such as nucleic acids or proteins of microorganisms and emits fluorescence. By detecting the fluorescence intensity F, and applying Lambert-Beer's Law A = ε·c·l (where A is absorbance, related to fluorescence intensity; ε is the molar absorptivity; c is the microbial concentration; and l is the optical path length), the number of microorganisms in the water can be measured in real time after calibration. This sensor has high detection sensitivity for different types of microorganisms, accurately reflecting changes in microbial content and providing crucial microbial data for collaborative control. Experimental data shows that the sensor achieves an accuracy rate of over 98% in detecting various common microorganisms, effectively assisting the system in adjusting operating parameters based on microbial content. In the detection of ballast water samples containing various mixed microorganisms, the sensor accurately distinguishes different microbial species and quantifies their content. The detection results show a 98.5% consistency with authoritative laboratory testing methods. In actual testing of ballast water samples collected from different sea areas, the sensor consistently achieved an accuracy rate of over 97% in detecting various microorganisms such as bacteria and algae, providing crucial data support for the system to assess the degree of microbial contamination and adjust treatment strategies. In testing 100 ballast water samples from different sea areas including the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, the microbial content sensor accurately identified and quantified the types and quantities of microorganisms. Compared with results from professional laboratories, the consistency rate reached 97.8%, providing a reliable basis for precise system control in complex marine environments.

[0021] Ultraviolet (UV) intensity sensor and temperature sensor: A UV intensity sensor and a temperature sensor are installed near the UV lamp. The UV intensity sensor uses a photodiode array to calculate the UV intensity by detecting the photocurrent generated by UV irradiation. The temperature sensor uses a high-precision thermistor, utilizing its resistance change with temperature (meeting...). Where R is the resistance value at temperature T, R0 is the resistance value at temperature T0, and B is the thermistor constant, the operating temperature of the lamp is monitored. Scale buildup on the lamp surface affects ultraviolet (UV) penetration and heat dissipation, leading to decreased UV intensity and abnormal temperature. Data from these two sensors can indirectly reflect the scale buildup on the lamp surface. In simulation experiments on scaled lamps, these two sensors accurately captured the trends of decreasing UV intensity and increasing temperature, closely matching the actual scale buildup situation. In the simulation experiment of lamp scale buildup, when the scale thickness on the lamp surface reached 0.1 mm, the UV intensity sensor detected a 15% decrease in intensity, and the temperature sensor detected an 8°C increase in temperature, consistent with theoretical analysis and actual disassembly and inspection results. In actual ship operation, monitoring of multiple sets of UV lamps showed that when signs of scale buildup appeared on the lamp surface, these two sensors could promptly detect changes in UV intensity and temperature, providing accurate signals for the system to initiate ultrasonic cleaning and effectively preventing a decrease in sterilization efficiency due to scale buildup. During long-term monitoring of five vessels, when scale appeared on the ultraviolet lamps, the sensors promptly detected changes in ultraviolet intensity and temperature. After ultrasonic cleaning was initiated, the scale on the lamps was effectively removed, the ultraviolet intensity returned to normal levels, and the microbial kill rate remained stable at a high standard, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the system.

[0022] The ultrasonic generating unit consists of multiple ultrasonic transducers evenly distributed around the inner wall of the processing chamber. The ultrasonic transducers are made of piezoelectric ceramic material and operate based on the inverse piezoelectric effect; that is, when an alternating electric field is applied to the two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic, mechanical vibration is generated and ultrasonic waves are emitted. The ultrasonic transducers are connected to a central control unit via a specially designed drive circuit. The central control unit can precisely adjust the output parameters of the drive circuit based on data feedback from sensors. The drive circuit uses pulse width modulation (PWM) technology, adjusting the average value of the output voltage by changing the pulse width, thereby controlling the power of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the transducers. Let the duty cycle of the PWM signal be D, and the power supply voltage be V. in Then the output voltage V of the drive circuit out =D·V in The frequency adjustment range of the ultrasonic transducer is set between 20kHz and 100kHz, achieved by changing the oscillation frequency of the drive circuit. Under different water quality conditions, the frequency can be adjusted according to the requirements of ultrasonic cavitation effect, mechanical effect, and thermal effect, using the formula P = ρ·c·A. 2 ·ω 2Based on relevant theories such as f (where P is ultrasonic power, ρ is liquid density, c is sound velocity, A is vibration amplitude, ω is angular frequency, and f is frequency), the power and frequency of the ultrasonic transducer were rationally adjusted to achieve the best synergistic treatment effect. In experiments, for ballast water of different qualities, adjusting the power and frequency of the ultrasonic transducer significantly improved the microbial killing efficiency, with the microbial killing rate increasing by up to 30% in low-cleanliness water. In experiments with low-cleanliness ballast water with high microbial content, adjusting the ultrasonic frequency from 40kHz to 60kHz and increasing the power by 20% increased the microbial killing rate from 60% to 90%. In actual ship ballast water experiments, treating low-cleanliness ballast water with high microbial content, by optimizing the ultrasonic power and frequency, the microbial killing rate increased by an average of 25%, effectively verifying the unit's high-efficiency treatment capability under different water quality conditions. In experiments with different types of low-cleanliness ballast water (such as polluted water near ports and mixed estuary water), the microbial killing rate was significantly improved by precisely adjusting the ultrasonic parameters. In actual ship operation, facing complex and ever-changing water quality, the ultrasonic generator unit continuously maintains efficient microbial killing and lamp cleaning effects by dynamically adjusting power and frequency, providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of the system.

[0023] The UV disinfection unit is equipped with multiple UV lamps made of special high-transmittance quartz glass, mounted on a specially designed lamp holder. This holder features a unique streamlined design, reducing water flow resistance while ensuring the lamps are evenly distributed within the treatment chamber, allowing for comprehensive UV coverage of the flowing water. The UV lamp ballasts are connected to the central control unit via control lines. The central control unit dynamically adjusts the ballast's output voltage and current based on data from microbial content and UV intensity sensors. The ballast is an electronic ballast; its internal control chip adjusts the on / off time of the switching transistor based on the input control signal, thereby changing the output voltage and current. According to Ohm's Law I = U / R (where I is current, U is voltage, and R is lamp resistance), precise control of the ballast's output voltage U precisely controls the UV lamp's luminous intensity and irradiation time to meet disinfection requirements under varying water quality and microbial content. Experiments showed that in ballast water with high microbial content, the microbial kill rate was increased by 25% by precisely adjusting the UV lamp intensity and irradiation time. In experimental water samples with microbial content five times higher than ordinary ballast water, increasing the UV lamp intensity by 30% and extending the irradiation time by 20 seconds increased the microbial kill rate from 70% to 95%. In actual ship operation, when treating ballast water with fluctuating microbial content, the microbial kill rate was consistently maintained above 90% by adjusting the UV lamp intensity and irradiation time in real time, effectively ensuring the disinfection effect of the ballast water. In actual operational monitoring of multiple ships at different voyages, the UV disinfection unit adjusted the intensity and irradiation time in real time according to the microbial content. Even with large fluctuations in microbial content, the microbial kill rate remained between 92% and 96%, ensuring that ballast water discharge met strict microbial discharge standards.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. It precisely controls the synergistic operation of ultrasonic and ultraviolet sterilization methods, solving the problems of easy scaling of ultraviolet lamps and incomplete microbial sterilization when the existing physical ballast water management system treats water with low cleanliness, thereby improving the efficiency of microbial sterilization.

[0025] 2. Through intelligent optimization algorithms, it can accurately match the energy consumption requirements under different working conditions, reducing energy consumption by 15%-20% compared to traditional systems. In addition, in terms of equipment lifespan, traditional systems are easily damaged due to frequent scaling of lamps, while this solution extends the lifespan of lamps by using ultrasonic real-time cleaning. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system principle of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0029] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the device is installed first.

[0031] (I) Preparation of the overall installation environment

[0032] Choose a suitable installation location on the ship, ensuring the area is dry, well-ventilated, and away from high temperature, high humidity, and highly corrosive environments. At the same time, reserve sufficient operating space for the device to facilitate subsequent commissioning, maintenance, and repair work.

[0033] (II) Installation of each unit and sensor

[0034] The water inlet pipe is connected to the filter unit.

[0035] First, use sealant to pre-treat the connection ports of the water inlet pipe and the filter unit to enhance the sealing effect.

[0036] Align the water inlet pipe with the connection port of the filter unit, and use a special connection clamp to secure them together.

[0037] After connection, perform a pressure test on the connection points. Slowly increase the pressure to the normal operating pressure of the ballast water and maintain this pressure for a period of time, checking for leaks at the connection points. If leaks are found, adjust the connection points or replace the sealing material promptly.

[0038] Ultrasonic generating unit installation

[0039] Ultrasonic transducer installation: Use specialized mounting clamps to evenly distribute and accurately install the piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducers around the inner wall of the treatment chamber. During installation, ensure that the transducers fit tightly against the inner wall to avoid loosening or gaps.

[0040] Sealing: Use sealant to seal the connection between the transducer and the inner wall to prevent water leakage. The sealant should be applied evenly and to a moderate thickness.

[0041] Electrical Connection: Connect the ultrasonic transducer to the central control unit via a drive circuit employing pulse width modulation (PWM) technology. During connection, pay attention to the correct connection sequence and polarity to avoid short circuits or open circuits.

[0042] Performance Testing: After installation, use an ultrasonic tester to test the frequency and power of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducer to ensure they meet design requirements. If any abnormalities are found, promptly check the wiring connections and the transducer itself for faults.

[0043] UV disinfection unit installation

[0044] Lamp installation: Carefully install multiple ultraviolet lamps made of special high-transmittance quartz glass onto the streamlined, specially designed lamp holders. During installation, ensure that the lamps are evenly spaced to avoid mutual interference.

[0045] Bracket Installation: Accurately install the bracket with the lamps installed in the treatment chamber, adjusting its position and angle to ensure that ultraviolet light fully covers the water flow channel. Simultaneously, install a suitable reflector to enhance the ultraviolet irradiation effect.

[0046] Ballast Connection: Connect the electronic ballast to the UV lamp and central control unit using the control cable. After connection, check that the wiring is secure to avoid loosening or poor contact.

[0047] Intensity testing: Turn on the UV lamps and use a UV intensity meter to test the UV intensity. If the intensity does not meet the design standards, check for problems with the lamps, ballasts, and wiring, and adjust or replace them as needed.

[0048] Sensor installation

[0049] Flow sensor: Install the electromagnetic flow sensor on the inlet pipe near the ballast water tank outlet. During installation, ensure a tight connection between the sensor and the pipe to prevent leakage. Also, ensure the sensor is installed in the same direction as the water flow.

[0050] Turbidity sensor: Install the optical scattering turbidity sensor on the pipe between the filter unit and the ultrasonic generator unit. The installation location should be chosen in a place with stable water flow and no interference from air bubbles or impurities.

[0051] Microbial content sensor: A microbial content sensor based on fluorescence staining technology is installed in the water flow channel between the ultrasonic generation unit and the ultraviolet disinfection unit. During installation, it is essential to ensure that the sensor accurately contacts the water to obtain accurate microbial content data.

[0052] UV intensity and temperature sensors: Install the UV intensity sensor (using a photodiode array) and the temperature sensor (using a high-precision thermistor) near the UV lamp. The installation location should accurately reflect the changes in the lamp's luminous intensity and temperature.

[0053] Signal cable connection: Connect the signal cables of each sensor to the central control unit stably and accurately. After connection, secure the signal cables to prevent them from becoming loose due to ship movement or other reasons.

[0054] Central control unit installation

[0055] The central control unit should be installed in a dry, well-ventilated control box that is easy to operate and maintain. The control box should have good protective properties to prevent dust, moisture, and electromagnetic interference.

[0056] Connect the wiring of each unit and sensor correctly to the central control unit, and label the wiring to facilitate subsequent inspection and maintenance.

[0057] Then proceed with the debugging process.

[0058] (I) Hardware System Debugging

[0059] Conduct a thorough inspection of the connections of all units and sensors to ensure that all connections are secure and free from looseness.

[0060] Use tools such as a multimeter to perform insulation tests on electrical circuits to check for leakage or short circuits. If any problems are found, investigate and repair them promptly.

[0061] Check the sealing of each unit to ensure there is no water or air leakage.

[0062] (II) Filter Unit Debugging

[0063] Introduce clean water and turn on the inlet pump to allow the water to pass through the filter unit.

[0064] Use water quality testing equipment to test indicators such as turbidity in the filtered water. If the filtration effect is poor, check whether the filter screen is installed correctly and whether it is damaged or clogged.

[0065] For any problematic filters, adjust, replace, or clean them promptly.

[0066] (III) Ultrasonic Generator Unit Debugging

[0067] Set different power and frequency parameters for the ultrasonic generator unit.

[0068] Use an ultrasonic testing instrument to test the frequency and power of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducer to ensure that they meet the design requirements.

[0069] Observe the cavitation and mechanical effects generated by the ultrasonic generator to determine if it is working properly. If any abnormalities are found, check whether the wiring connections are correct and whether there are any faults in the circuit.

[0070] Repair or replace any faulty parts.

[0071] (IV) Ultraviolet disinfection unit commissioning

[0072] Turn on the UV lamp and observe its illumination. Check for any issues such as the lamp not lighting up or flickering.

[0073] Use an ultraviolet intensity meter to measure the ultraviolet intensity to ensure it meets design standards.

[0074] Check the installation location and effectiveness of the reflector to ensure it can effectively enhance the UV radiation effect.

[0075] If a fault is found in the lamp or ballast, check the power cord, ballast, and other components, and repair or replace them in a timely manner.

[0076] (V) Sensor Debugging

[0077] Each sensor was calibrated using standard testing equipment. During calibration, the deviation between the sensor's measurement data and the standard values ​​was recorded.

[0078] Adjust the sensor according to the deviation to ensure that its measurement data is accurate and reliable.

[0079] Check if the sensor mounting points are loose or corroded, and clean the dirt from the sensor surface.

[0080] (vi) Central control unit debugging

[0081] By simulating different water parameters, check whether the control logic of the central control unit is correct. Observe whether the control commands from the central control unit to each unit and sensor are accurate.

[0082] Check the human-machine interface of the central control unit to ensure that its display is normal and its operation is convenient.

[0083] Preliminary testing was conducted on the intelligent optimization algorithm embedded in the central control unit. The effect of the algorithm on adjusting system operating parameters was observed. If errors or unreasonable aspects were found in the algorithm, the software program was checked for vulnerabilities, and repairs and optimizations were made.

[0084] (vii) Overall linkage debugging

[0085] Start the inlet pump to introduce ballast water and get the entire system running.

[0086] Monitor data from each sensor in real time and observe the working status of each unit. Check whether the system's operating parameters are stable and whether the coordination between units is normal.

[0087] The performance indicators of the device were comprehensively tested, including microbial kill rate, energy consumption, and lamp scaling.

[0088] Based on the test results, the system's operating parameters were optimized and adjusted to ensure that the system reaches its optimal operating state.

[0089] Rerun process

[0090] (I) Data Acquisition and Transmission

[0091] The high-precision sensor system collects data such as ballast water flow velocity, water turbidity, microbial content, ultraviolet intensity, and temperature every second in real time.

[0092] Each sensor transmits the collected data to the central control unit via signal lines. The central control unit receives, processes, and stores the data.

[0093] (II) Parameter Judgment and Control

[0094] Flow rate regulation

[0095] The central control unit monitors the ballast water flow rate data in real time and compares it with a preset threshold.

[0096] When the ballast water flow rate exceeds a preset threshold, the central control unit quickly instructs the ultrasonic generator to increase its transmission power, enhancing its effectiveness against microorganisms and dirt. Simultaneously, the irradiation time of the ultraviolet disinfection unit is extended to ensure that microorganisms are fully killed under high flow rate conditions.

[0097] Continuously monitor the microbial kill rate and fine-tune the ultrasonic power and ultraviolet irradiation time according to the changes in the kill rate to keep the microbial kill rate stable at a high level.

[0098] Turbidity change regulation

[0099] The central control unit analyzes and judges the turbidity data of the water body.

[0100] Once the turbidity of the water increases, the central control unit immediately adjusts the frequency of the ultrasonic generator, lowering the frequency to enhance cavitation and mechanical effects. This effectively reduces the accumulation of dirt on the surface of the ultraviolet lamps while increasing the kill rate of microorganisms.

[0101] Real-time monitoring of dirt accumulation and microbial kill rate on the surface of the ultraviolet lamp tube, and further optimization of ultrasonic frequency parameters based on actual conditions.

[0102] Regulation of changes in microbial content

[0103] The central control unit monitors the microbial content data in real time and compares it with the set standard value.

[0104] When the microbial content exceeds the set standard value, the central control unit increases the luminescence intensity of the ultraviolet disinfection unit to enhance its destructive effect on microbial DNA. On the other hand, it adjusts the frequency and power combination of the ultrasonic generator unit according to the resistance characteristics of the microorganisms.

[0105] Regularly conduct microbial testing on the treated water, evaluate the microbial killing effect based on the test results, and dynamically adjust the ultraviolet light intensity and ultrasonic parameters.

[0106] Lamp scaling control

[0107] The central control unit determines whether the UV lamp is scaled based on UV intensity and temperature data. When the UV intensity decreases and the temperature data indicates scale buildup, the acoustic generator cleans the lamp.

[0108] Increase the ultrasonic power appropriately to enhance the cleaning effect. At the same time, temporarily increase the power of the ultraviolet disinfection unit to ensure that the microbial killing effect is not significantly affected.

[0109] Continuously monitor the ultraviolet intensity and microbial kill rate. Once the ultraviolet intensity returns to normal and the microbial kill rate stabilizes, restore the normal operating parameters of the ultrasound and ultraviolet units.

[0110] (III) Application of Intelligent Optimization Algorithms

[0111] In the central control unit, an intelligent optimization algorithm establishes a mathematical model using a deep neural network (DNN). This model simulates and predicts the collaborative working effect of the ultrasound and ultraviolet units under different operating conditions.

[0112] The backpropagation algorithm is used to adjust the connection weights and biases of neurons, minimizing the mean square error between the model's predictions and actual observations, thereby improving the model's prediction accuracy.

[0113] The reinforcement learning algorithm treats the ballast water treatment system as an intelligent agent, defining the system's state based on sensor data and taking actions such as adjusting the operating parameters of the ultrasonic and ultraviolet units. The optimal control strategy is learned by using the comprehensive performance index J as the reward value.

[0114] The algorithm continuously updates and optimizes the control strategy based on real-time collected data, reducing system energy consumption, improving microbial killing efficiency, and reducing the risk of lamp scaling.

[0115] Finally, operation and maintenance are performed.

[0116] (I) Daily Operation Monitoring

[0117] Operators inspect each component of the device every hour to observe its operating status, such as for abnormal noise, vibration, or overheating.

[0118] Record data from each sensor, including flow rate, turbidity, microbial content, ultraviolet radiation intensity, and temperature. Analyze the data to promptly identify potential problems during operation.

[0119] If any data anomalies or equipment malfunctions are detected, take appropriate measures to handle them promptly, and record the handling process and results.

[0120] (II) Responding to Water Quality Changes

[0121] When a ship sails to different sea areas, the sensors detect changes in water quality and transmit the change signal to the central control unit.

[0122] The central control unit automatically adjusts the operating parameters of the ultrasonic and ultraviolet units according to changes in water quality to adapt to new water quality conditions.

[0123] Operators can also manually intervene in the system's operating parameters according to the actual situation to ensure that the system can efficiently process ballast water of different qualities.

[0124] (III) Regular maintenance

[0125] Filter unit

[0126] Clean the filter screen of the filter unit weekly. You can use a high-pressure water gun or chemical cleaning methods to remove dirt and impurities from the filter screen.

[0127] Check the filter monthly for damage or blockage. If a damaged filter is found, replace it immediately; if the filter is blocked, perform a deep clean or replace it.

[0128] Ultrasonic generating unit

[0129] Check the ultrasonic transducers monthly for any looseness or damage. If a transducer is found to be loose, tighten it immediately; if a transducer is damaged, replace it promptly.

[0130] The ultrasonic transducer is calibrated every three months to ensure that the frequency and power of the emitted ultrasonic waves are accurate and stable.

[0131] Regularly inspect the circuitry of the ultrasonic generator, and clean out dust and debris to prevent circuit malfunctions caused by dust accumulation.

[0132] UV disinfection unit

[0133] Clean the UV lamps every two weeks to remove dirt and impurities from their surface and ensure UV transmittance.

[0134] Replace the UV lamp with a new one when the luminous intensity of the UV lamp drops to 80% of its initial intensity.

[0135] Regularly check the installation of the lamp holders and reflectors to ensure that their position and angle are correct, which can effectively enhance the effect of ultraviolet radiation.

[0136] sensor

[0137] Each sensor is calibrated monthly to ensure the accuracy of its measurement data.

[0138] Check the sensor mounting points for looseness or corrosion, and clean any dirt from the sensor surface. If a sensor malfunction is found, repair or replace it promptly.

[0139] Central control unit

[0140] Regularly inspect the hardware of the central control unit, including the power module and circuit boards, to ensure its normal operation.

[0141] Backup the software program of the central control unit to prevent data loss. Update and optimize the intelligent optimization algorithm every six months to improve system performance and adaptability.

[0142] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of the invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.

[0143] This invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for synergistic killing and control of ultraviolet and ultrasonic pathogens in ballast water treatment, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Set up a sensor array and acquire data on ballast water flow velocity, water turbidity, microbial content, ultraviolet radiation intensity, and temperature through the sensors; S2: When the ballast water flow rate exceeds the preset threshold, increase the transmission power of the ultrasonic generator to enhance its effect on microorganisms and dirt; S3: When the turbidity of the water increases, reduce the ultrasonic frequency to enhance the cavitation and mechanical effects and remove dirt from the surface of the ultraviolet lamp tube. S4: When the microbial content exceeds the set standard value, increase the luminescence intensity of ultraviolet disinfection; S5: Determine the scaling condition of the lamp tube. When the preset threshold is reached, temporarily increase the power of the ultraviolet disinfection unit and increase the ultrasonic power to clean the lamp tube and compensate for ultraviolet attenuation, ensuring that the microbial killing effect is not affected. In step S3, the ultrasonic frequency is reduced to a set range, and the killing effect on microorganisms is improved based on the relationship between ultrasonic mechanical effect and microbial damage. In step S4, when the microbial content exceeds the set standard value, the frequency and power combination of ultrasound are adjusted in a targeted manner according to the microbial resistance characteristics, and the multiple effects of ultrasound are used in conjunction with ultraviolet light to kill the microorganisms.

2. The method for synergistic killing and control of ultraviolet and ultrasonic radiation in ballast water treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the sensor acquires data at a frequency of at least 10 times per second.

3. The method for synergistic killing and control of ultraviolet and ultrasonic radiation in ballast water treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, when the ballast water flow rate exceeds a preset threshold, the irradiation time for ultraviolet disinfection is further extended.

4. The method for synergistic killing and control of ultraviolet and ultrasonic radiation in ballast water treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the scaling condition of the lamp tube is determined by combining ultraviolet intensity and temperature data.

5. A control device for implementing the ultraviolet and ultrasonic synergistic killing control method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes a central control unit, a sensor system, an ultrasonic generator unit, and an ultraviolet disinfection unit. The sensor system, ultrasonic generator unit, and ultraviolet disinfection unit are all connected to the central control unit and are used to collect data on ballast water flow rate, water turbidity, microbial content, ultraviolet intensity, and temperature in real time. The ultrasonic generator unit is connected to the central control unit using a pulse width modulation technology drive circuit and is used to emit ultrasonic waves. The ultraviolet disinfection unit is connected to the central control unit and is used to emit ultraviolet light.

6. The control device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sensor system includes a flow sensor, a turbidity sensor, a microbial content sensor, an ultraviolet intensity sensor, and a temperature sensor.

7. The control device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ultrasonic generating unit consists of multiple ultrasonic transducers, which are evenly distributed around the inner wall of the processing chamber. The ultrasonic transducers are made of piezoelectric ceramic material and operate based on the inverse piezoelectric effect. When an alternating electric field is applied to both ends of the piezoelectric ceramic, mechanical vibration is generated and ultrasonic waves are emitted.

8. The control device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ultraviolet disinfection unit is equipped with multiple ultraviolet lamps made of special high-transmittance quartz glass and mounted on a streamlined lamp bracket.

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