Scanning system and method for sound field of ultrasonic transducer and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a scanning system and method for an ultrasonic transducer sound field and electronic equipment. The scanning system comprises a computer system, an oscilloscope, a water treatment subsystem and a scanning mechanism; the scanning mechanism comprises a rack, a water tank, a hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism, a transducer positioning and moving mechanism and a hydrophone; the transducer positioning and moving mechanism is mounted on the rack; the oscilloscope is connected with the hydrophone; according to the scheme, through a multi-subsystem collaborative architecture (water treatment closed circulation, scanning mechanism common-substrate integration and computer real-time control linkage), signal distortion caused by cavitation effect interference is eliminated in clinical-level high-strength (high sound pressure) focused ultrasonic transducer sound field scanning, and real sound pressure distribution is obtained; complete sound field non-blind area scanning of the maximum-specification treatment transducer is supported; the time length of single detection is greatly shortened, and the batch verification requirement of a production line is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of ultrasonic transducers, and in particular to a scanning system, method, and electronic device for the sound field of an ultrasonic transducer. Background Art

[0002] As a core component of HIFU (high-intensity focused ultrasound) treatment devices, the transducer's acoustic field characteristics directly determine the safety and effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, it's necessary for the industry to scan the transducer's acoustic field characteristics to understand them. However, existing acoustic field scanning systems have systemic flaws: when the sound pressure of the measured sound field exceeds 15 MPa, the cavitation effect in the water body causes severe distortion of the sound field data, making it impossible for existing technologies to obtain the true sound field distribution under high sound pressure. Furthermore, the damage rate of hydrophones in high sound pressure environments is high, and equipment maintenance costs soar. Furthermore, large transducers have scanning blind spots, resulting in missing sound field data (edge ​​focus cannot be captured). This limits the sound pressure supported by existing scanning systems, forcing manufacturers to adopt highly risky extrapolation algorithms, which indirectly increases the rate of clinical treatment accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to overcome the defects of the sound field scanning system in the prior art, which causes serious distortion of the sound pressure signal due to the cavitation effect under high sound pressure and causes high-frequency damage to the hydrophone, and to provide a scanning system, method and electronic equipment for the sound field of an ultrasonic transducer.

[0004] The present disclosure solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present disclosure provides a scanning system for an ultrasonic transducer sound field, the scanning system comprising: a computer system, an oscilloscope, a water treatment subsystem, and a scanning mechanism;

[0006] The scanning mechanism includes: a frame, a water tank, a hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism, a transducer positioning and moving mechanism and a hydrophone;

[0007] The frame serves as the overall load-bearing structure;

[0008] The water tank is used to contain the water medium provided by the water treatment subsystem;

[0009] The hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism is installed on the frame and is used to carry the hydrophone and drive the hydrophone to perform three-dimensional movement;

[0010] The transducer positioning and moving mechanism is installed on the frame and is used to carry the ultrasonic transducer to be detected and adjust the spatial posture of the ultrasonic transducer to be detected;

[0011] The oscilloscope is connected to the hydrophone, and the hydrophone is used to convert the collected sound pressure signal into an electrical signal; the oscilloscope is used to receive the electrical signal and transmit the processed electrical signal to the computer system;

[0012] The computer system is connected to the hydrophone positioning movement mechanism of the scanning mechanism via a motion control interface and to the oscilloscope via a data acquisition interface, and is used to perform scanning control and sound field modeling;

[0013] The water treatment subsystem is composed of a water filtration unit and a vacuum degassing unit connected in series. The water treatment subsystem is used to provide water medium that meets preset standards to the water tank.

[0014] Optionally, the water filtration unit is used to remove suspended matter and ions with a particle size greater than or equal to 0.0001 micrometer in water;

[0015] The vacuum degassing unit is used to reduce the oxygen content of the aqueous medium to below 2 mg / L.

[0016] Optionally, the inner surface of the water tank is covered with sound absorbing material.

[0017] Optionally, the hydrophone includes any one of the following:

[0018] High-pressure fiber optic hydrophone, used for measuring high-intensity (high sound pressure) focused ultrasound transducers with sound pressure greater than or equal to the sound pressure threshold;

[0019] Highly sensitive thin-film hydrophone for far-field scanning with unfocused transducers;

[0020] A ceramic hydrophone is used for measuring a focused ultrasonic transducer with a measurement accuracy error requirement greater than or equal to an error threshold and / or a sensitivity requirement greater than or equal to a sensitivity threshold.

[0021] Optionally, the transducer positioning and moving mechanism includes a base plate, a fixing plate and a support beam;

[0022] The base plate and the frame are fixed via a sliding rod;

[0023] The fixing plate is connected to the base plate in an adjustable rigid manner via four sets of adjustable fixing components, wherein the adjustable fixing components include screws and butterfly nuts;

[0024] The support beam is linked to the fixed plate via two guide shafts, and a bubble level is installed on the support beam;

[0025] The support beam is used to fix the ultrasonic transducer to be detected and drive the ultrasonic transducer to be detected to rise and fall along the Z-axis direction.

[0026] Optionally, the support beam is used to position the ultrasonic transducer to be detected directly above or below the hydrophone.

[0027] Optionally, the screw of the adjustable fixing assembly vertically passes through the base plate and the fixing plate; the butterfly nut includes: a first butterfly nut screwed on the upper surface of the fixing plate, and a second butterfly nut screwed on the lower surface of the fixing plate; the adjustable fixing assembly is used to adjust the horizontal plane inclination angle of the support beam.

[0028] Optionally, the hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism includes a first automatic adjustment unit; the first automatic adjustment unit includes a first servo motor, which is used to drive a first ball screw to drive the hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism to move horizontally;

[0029] The transducer positioning and moving mechanism includes a second automatic adjustment unit; the second automatic adjustment unit includes a second servo motor, which is used to drive a second ball screw to drive the transducer positioning and moving mechanism.

[0030] The present disclosure further provides a scanning method for an ultrasonic transducer sound field, characterized in that the scanning method is implemented based on any of the above-mentioned scanning systems for an ultrasonic transducer sound field, and the scanning method includes:

[0031] Controlling the hydrophone to move along the acoustic axis of the ultrasonic transducer to be detected, collecting sound pressure data in real time, and determining the coordinate Z0 of the peak point of sound pressure; the acoustic axis direction is defined as the Z axis of the coordinate system, the horizontal direction perpendicular to the Z axis is the X axis, and the direction perpendicular to the XZ plane is the Y axis; fixing the Z coordinate of the hydrophone at Z0, controlling the hydrophone to move along the X axis, collecting sound pressure data, and determining the coordinate X0 of the peak point;

[0032] Fix the Z coordinate of the hydrophone to Z0 and the X coordinate to X0, control the hydrophone to move along the Y axis, collect sound pressure data to determine the peak point coordinate Y0;

[0033] Positioning the hydrophone to coordinates (Z0, X0, Y0), scanning along a preset trajectory on plane Z=Z0, and acquiring a sound pressure distribution data set;

[0034] The sound field model is constructed based on the sound pressure distribution dataset, the -6dB focal zone boundary is extracted, and the focal zone area is calculated.

[0035] Optionally, the driving mode for controlling the hydrophone to move along the acoustic axis, X-axis or Y-axis includes:

[0036] In step mode, during the sound field scanning process, in order to eliminate the influence of acoustic flow force, the hydrophone moves step by step according to the preset step length, and the retention time of each step is set according to the echo signal, and then the sound pressure data is collected;

[0037] In continuous mode, the hydrophone moves at a constant speed, synchronously collecting sound pressure data, while ignoring the influence of acoustic shock flow forces during the sound field scanning process. The present disclosure also provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executed on the processor, wherein the processor implements the aforementioned method for scanning the sound field of an ultrasonic transducer when executing the computer program.

[0038] The present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned scanning method for the ultrasonic transducer sound field.

[0039] The present disclosure also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the above-mentioned scanning method for the ultrasonic transducer sound field.

[0040] On the basis of conforming to the common sense in this field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0041] The positive progress of the present disclosure is that: this solution eliminates the signal distortion caused by cavitation effect interference and obtains the real sound pressure distribution in the sound field scanning of clinical-grade high-intensity (high sound pressure) focused ultrasound transducer through a multi-subsystem collaborative architecture (water treatment closed loop, scanning mechanism common substrate integration, and computer real-time control linkage); supports complete sound field scanning without blind spots for the largest specification therapeutic transducer; and greatly compresses the single detection time to meet the batch verification needs of the production line. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a scanning system for an ultrasonic transducer sound field provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a scanning mechanism of a scanning system for an ultrasonic transducer sound field provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism of a scanning system for an ultrasonic transducer sound field provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a transducer positioning and moving mechanism of a scanning system for an ultrasonic transducer sound field provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a partially enlarged structure of a scanning mechanism of a scanning system for an ultrasonic transducer sound field provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 6 A flowchart of a scanning method for an ultrasonic transducer sound field provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 7 A sound pressure-position curve in the Z-axis direction of the sound field of an ultrasonic transducer is provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 8 A sound pressure-position curve in the X-axis direction of the sound field of an ultrasonic transducer is provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 9 A sound pressure-position curve in the Y-axis direction of the sound field of an ultrasonic transducer provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 10 A three-dimensional sound pressure distribution diagram of an ultrasonic transducer sound field provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 11 The present invention provides a structural diagram of an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present disclosure is further illustrated below by way of examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to the scope of the examples.

[0054] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, prefixes such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different description objects and have no limiting effect on the position, order, priority, quantity or content of the described objects. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the use of prefixes such as ordinal numbers to distinguish description objects does not constitute a restriction on the described objects. For the statement of the described objects, please refer to the description in the context of the embodiments, and the use of such prefixes should not constitute an unnecessary restriction. In addition, in the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision and disclosure of user personal information involved comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] Corresponding to the above-mentioned embodiment of the scanning system for the ultrasonic transducer sound field, the present disclosure also provides an embodiment of the scanning method for the ultrasonic transducer sound field. In a specific embodiment, see Figures 1 to 5It can be seen that the system includes: a computer system 1, an oscilloscope 5, a water treatment subsystem, and a scanning mechanism 4. The scanning mechanism 4 includes: a frame 6, a water tank 9, a hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism 7, a transducer positioning and moving mechanism 8, and a hydrophone 12. The frame 6 serves as the overall load-bearing structure; the water tank 9 is used to hold the water medium provided by the water treatment subsystem; the hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism 7 is installed on the frame 6, used to carry the hydrophone 12 and drive the hydrophone 12 to perform three-dimensional movement; the transducer positioning and moving mechanism 8 is installed on the frame 6, used to carry the ultrasonic transducer 21 to be detected and adjust the spatial posture of the ultrasonic transducer 21 to be detected; the oscilloscope 5 is connected to the hydrophone 12, the hydrophone 12 is used to convert the collected sound pressure signal into an electrical signal, the oscilloscope 5 is used to receive the electrical signal, and transmit the processed electrical signal to the computer system 1; the computer system 1 is connected to the hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism 7 of the scanning mechanism 4 through the motion control interface, is connected to the oscilloscope 5 through the data acquisition interface, and is used to perform scanning control and sound field modeling; the water treatment subsystem is composed of a water filtration unit 2 and a vacuum degassing unit 3 connected in series, and the water treatment subsystem is used to provide the water tank 9 with water medium that meets the preset standards.

[0058] The ultrasonic transducer acoustic field scanning system provided in this embodiment is designed to accurately and safely measure the acoustic field distribution characteristics (such as sound pressure distribution, acoustic focus position, -6dB focal area, etc.) of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapeutic transducers or unfocused ultrasound transducers in their working state. This system is particularly suitable for solving large-scale (such as diameter up to 250mm) and high sound pressure (for example, sound pressure greater than 25MPa, sound intensity greater than 10000W / cm 2 ) Transducer acoustic field measurements face challenges such as interference from the water medium cavitation effect, scanning blind spots, cumbersome operations, and low data authenticity. The scanning system is integrated with the following core functional subsystems, which work together to achieve the above goals:

[0059] Computer system 1: Serves as the control core and data processing center of the system. The computer system 1 is connected to the hydrophone positioning mobile mechanism 7 of the scanning mechanism 4 through its motion control interface (such as USB, EtherCAT and other standard industrial interfaces) to send precise motion instructions (including target position, moving speed or step distance, moving direction, etc.) to drive the mechanism to perform three-dimensional movement. At the same time, the computer system 1 is connected to the oscilloscope 5 through its data acquisition interface (such as GPIB, USB, LAN, etc.) to receive and read the digitized sound pressure signal transmitted by the oscilloscope 5 in real time. The computer system 1 has built-in self-developed sound field scanning software, which is responsible for executing the automated scanning control of the entire measurement process (including generating the scanning path, coordinating movement and acquisition synchronization), and performing sound field modeling and analysis on the collected data. Specifically, the software synchronously records the real-time spatial coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the hydrophone 12 and its corresponding sound pressure measurement value (P), and uses specific algorithms (such as interpolation, gridding, normalization, etc.) to construct a three-dimensional sound pressure distribution model of the transducer under test, and based on this, performs visualization (generating dot matrix diagrams, plane contour diagrams, three-dimensional sound field cloud diagrams, etc.) and calculation of key acoustic parameters (such as the coordinates of the acoustic focus (X0, Y0, Z0), the -6dB focal zone boundary and area, the focal zone size, the sound pressure peak, the sidelobe information, etc.).

[0060] Oscilloscope 5: Serves as a device for collecting and converting sound pressure signals. Directly connected to the electrical signal output of the hydrophone 12, oscilloscope 5's core function is to amplify, digitize (convert analog-to-digital), and display / record in real time the weak analog electrical signal (typically a voltage signal) detected by the hydrophone 12, reflecting changes in underwater sound pressure. Oscilloscope 5 accurately measures the sound pressure signal's amplitude (corresponding to the sound pressure level), waveform, and frequency. It then transmits the digitized sound pressure signal in real time to the computer system 1 via its data output interface for subsequent processing.

[0061] Water treatment subsystem: Providing a stable, high-purity, low-dissolved-gas-content water medium environment for acoustic measurement is the core of suppressing cavitation effects and ensuring the accuracy and safety of high-pressure sound field measurements. This subsystem consists of two functional units connected in series:

[0062] Water Filtration Unit 2: Deeply purifies tap water or the original source. Its core function is to remove all suspended solid particles, colloids, and dissolved ions that could interfere with acoustic measurements. The treated water must meet a filtration accuracy of 0.0001 micron (0.1 nanometer). This high-purity water significantly reduces the scattering effect of sound waves during propagation, avoids distortion of the sound field caused by impurities, and reduces electrochemical interference with the hydrophone's electrical signal.

[0063] Vacuum Degassing Unit 3: Vacuum degasses the water after deep purification in Water Filtration Unit 2. Its core function is to significantly reduce the dissolved gas content in the water, particularly oxygen and nitrogen. The treated water quality must meet the standard of dissolved oxygen content below 2 mg / L (milligrams per liter (mg / L)), significantly lower than the approximately 8-10 mg / L of regular tap water. Dissolved gases are the primary source of cavitation nuclei in water. Deep degassing significantly raises the acoustic cavitation threshold of the water medium, effectively suppressing the violent cavitation bubble collapse under high sound pressure (e.g., >25 MPa), thereby preventing the resulting severe sound field distortion, noise interference, focus drift, and the risk of damage to the hydrophone probe.

[0064] The ultimate goal of the water treatment subsystem is to continuously provide water medium that meets the above-mentioned preset standards of ultra-high filtration accuracy (0.0001 micron) and ultra-low oxygen content (<2 mg / L) to the water tank 9.

[0065] Scanning mechanism 4: It is the mechanical platform, motion execution unit and measurement environment container that constitute the system. Figure 2 Specifically include:

[0066] Frame 6: Serves as the fundamental load-bearing structure and rigid support platform for the entire scanning mechanism 4. All other components are directly or indirectly mounted or secured to frame 6, providing structural stability for the entire system and reducing the impact of vibration during operation on high-precision acoustic measurements.

[0067] Water tank 9: Attached to the frame 6, it holds water provided by the water treatment subsystem and meeting the aforementioned stringent standards. The ultrasonic transducer 21 and hydrophone 12 under test must remain completely submerged in the water within tank 9 during measurement. Water is the carrier for ultrasonic wave propagation and an essential environment for sound field measurements.

[0068] Hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism 7: For details, please refer to Figure 3 , which is mounted on the frame 6. Its core function is to carry the hydrophone 12 and drive it to perform precise, controllable motion scanning in three-dimensional space (X, Y, and Z directions). This mechanism typically includes precision mechanical transmission components (such as ball screws and linear guides), drive components (such as servo motors), and a control system. It receives and executes motion commands from the computer system 1, enabling the hydrophone 12 to systematically scan the target area in the transducer's sound field according to a preset pattern (such as step mode or continuous mode) and path.

[0069] Transducer positioning moving mechanism 8: For details, please refer to Figure 4, which is mounted on the frame 6. Its core function is to carry the ultrasonic transducer 21 to be tested and precisely adjust its position and posture (posture) in space. Position adjustment primarily refers to driving the transducer 21 to perform a large range of lifting and lowering motions in the Z-axis direction (usually the vertical direction) to allow transducers of different sizes to be immersed to the appropriate depth in the water medium of the water tank 9 and facilitate their installation and removal operations. Posture adjustment primarily refers to precisely adjusting the horizontality (i.e., the tilt angle around the X and Y axes) of the radiating end face (sound emission surface) of the transducer 21 through a precise leveling mechanism. This adjustment is crucial to ensuring that the transducer's acoustic beam axis maintains a strictly perpendicular / parallel relationship with the pointing direction of the hydrophone 12 probe, effectively avoiding measurement errors introduced by angular deviations. This mechanism typically includes a lifting actuator (such as a trapezoidal screw, guide shaft, or handwheel) and an angle leveling mechanism (such as a screw-and-butterfly nut adjustment assembly distributed at the four corners and a spirit level).

[0070] The hydrophone 12 is the core sensor element for sound field measurement and is fixedly mounted on the hydrophone positioning and movement mechanism 7 (e.g., via an I-shaped bracket 11). Its miniature probe is immersed in the water medium of the water tank 9 and functions to convert the acoustic pressure fluctuations acting on the probe into a proportional weak electrical signal (voltage) output. The system can adapt to different types of hydrophones to meet the requirements of different measurement scenarios (for example, high-voltage fiber-optic hydrophones for high-intensity (high sound pressure) focused ultrasonic transducer measurements, high-sensitivity thin-film hydrophones for far-field scanning of unfocused transducers, and ceramic hydrophones for measurements of focused ultrasonic transducers with measurement accuracy requirements greater than or equal to an error threshold and / or sensitivity requirements greater than or equal to a sensitivity threshold).

[0071] Brief description of the system collaborative working principle:

[0072] 1. The water treatment subsystem prepares water medium that meets the preset standards (0.0001 micron filtration accuracy, <2 mg / L oxygen content) and injects / circulates it into the water tank 9.

[0073] 2. The ultrasonic transducer 21 to be tested is mounted and fixed on the bracket of the transducer positioning and moving mechanism 8. This mechanism adjusts the immersion depth (Z-axis position) of the transducer 21 and uses a leveling mechanism to ensure that its radiating end face is in a precisely horizontal state (spatial posture).

[0074] 3. The hydrophone 12 is installed and fixed on the hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism 7. The hydrophone 12 can be manually positioned to the area near the estimated transducer acoustic focus.

[0075] 4. Based on the measurement parameters (scanning mode, range, speed / step) set by the user, the computer system 1 sends instructions to the hydrophone positioning and movement mechanism 7 through its motion control interface, driving the hydrophone 12 to move along a predetermined path in three-dimensional space for scanning.

[0076] 5. During the scanning process, the hydrophone 12 detects the underwater sound pressure signal at its location in real time and converts it into an electrical signal for output.

[0077] 6. This electrical signal is transmitted to the oscilloscope 5.

[0078] 7. The oscilloscope 5 amplifies and digitizes the analog electrical signal and transmits it to the computer system 1 in real time through its data output interface.

[0079] 8. The self-developed sound field scanning software of the computer system 1 synchronously records the precise spatial coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the hydrophone 12 at each moment and the corresponding sound pressure measurement value (P) transmitted by the oscilloscope 5.

[0080] 9. After the scan is completed or during real-time processing, the computer software uses the recorded (X, Y, Z, P) data set to execute the sound field modeling algorithm, construct a three-dimensional sound pressure distribution model, perform visualization, and calculate the required sound field characteristic parameters for output.

[0081] Optionally, in a specific embodiment, the water filtration unit 2 is used to remove suspended matter and ions with a particle size greater than or equal to 0.0001 microns in the water; the vacuum degassing unit 3 is used to reduce the oxygen content of the water medium to below 2 mg / L.

[0082] In this embodiment, the water treatment subsystem consists of a water filtration unit 2 and a vacuum degassing unit 3 connected in series. Its core function is to provide an ultrasonically conductive water medium that meets strict pre-set standards to the water tank 9. This subsystem significantly improves the purity and stability of the water medium through a dual-stage deep treatment process, fundamentally addressing the cavitation interference and acoustic field distortion issues associated with high-intensity (high-sound-pressure) focused ultrasound transducer measurements. Specific parameter standards and technical support are described below:

[0083] 1. Core parameters and functions of water filtration unit 2

[0084] Functional goal: Eliminate the triple negative effects of water impurities on acoustic measurements:

[0085] 1.1. Acoustic scattering effect: Suspended particles (such as bacteria and colloids) and ions in water can cause the sound wave propagation path to deviate, distorting the true distribution of the sound field (such as blurred focus and sidelobe distortion).

[0086] 1.2. Electrochemical interference: dissolved ions increase the conductivity of the water medium, interfering with the accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio of the hydrophone's electrical signal;

[0087] 1.3. Cavitation nucleus carrier: The gas adsorbed on the surface of the particles becomes the starting point of cavitation, reducing the acoustic cavitation threshold of the water medium.

[0088] Key technical parameters:

[0089] Filtration accuracy ≥ 0.0001 micron (0.1 nanometer).

[0090] Technical meaning: This accuracy requirement means that the filter unit must be able to effectively remove all impurities in the water that are greater than or equal to 0.0001 microns, including:

[0091] Microorganisms (typical size of bacteria is 0.2-5 microns, virus is 0.02-0.3 microns);

[0092] Colloidal particles (typical size 0.001-1 μm);

[0093] Soluble ions (such as Na + The diameter is about 0.2 nanometers, Cl - about 0.3 nanometers).

[0094] Implementation: This is achieved through a multi-stage cascade filtration process. The typical process includes: pre-microfiltration (to remove large particles) → reverse osmosis membrane (salt rejection >99%) → ultrapure water polishing resin (deep deionization). The final output water quality meets ultrapure water standards, with a resistivity >18MΩ·cm, significantly higher than conventional deionized water.

[0095] Technical effect:

[0096] The acoustic transmittance of water media is increased to >99.5% (compared to untreated tap water);

[0097] The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the output signal of the hydrophone 12 is improved by ≥20 dB, ensuring the accuracy of sound pressure data collection.

[0098] 2. Core parameters and functions of vacuum degassing unit 3

[0099] Functional goal: To suppress the acoustic cavitation phenomenon caused by high sound pressure ultrasound (e.g. sound pressure > 25MPa) in water media and avoid the serious consequences caused by it:

[0100] 2.1. Severe sound field distortion: The violent collapse of cavitation bubbles produces high-frequency noise, which drowns out the true sound pressure signal and causes focus positioning drift;

[0101] 2.2. Risk of equipment damage: The instantaneous pressure of the cavitation shock wave can reach over 100 MPa, even close to 1 GPa, which can easily damage the hydrophone 12 probe.

[0102] Key technical parameters:

[0103] Dissolved oxygen (DO) content ≤ 2 mg / L (according to ISO 5814:2012 standard, real-time monitoring using electrochemical probe method).

[0104] Technical significance: Dissolved gases (especially oxygen and nitrogen) are the primary source of cavitation nuclei in water. Reducing the oxygen content to ≤2 mg / L (regular tap water contains approximately 8-10 mg / L oxygen) can significantly increase the acoustic cavitation threshold of the aqueous medium.

[0105] Implementation method: Through a multi-stage vacuum degassing tower (working vacuum ≤ 5kPa), supplemented by a nitrogen bubbling replacement process to accelerate the removal of dissolved oxygen.

[0106] 3. The technical necessity of collaborative processing

[0107] The ultra-high filtration precision (0.0001 micron) of the water filtration unit 2 and the ultra-low oxygen content (≤2 mg / L) of the vacuum degassing unit 3 are necessary and sufficient to achieve accurate and safe measurement of high-pressure (>25 MPa) sound fields. After double deep treatment, the cavitation threshold of the water medium is >25 MPa, which can suppress cavitation phenomena under the operating state of therapeutic-grade HIFU transducers.

[0108] Here are some specific implementation examples:

[0109] Example 1: High-pressure HIFU transducer (20 MPa) acoustic focus scanning

[0110] Water treatment process: Tap water is treated by water filtration unit 2, and the output water resistivity is 18.2MΩ·cm (ultrapure water). The ultrapure water enters vacuum degassing unit 3, and under the vacuum degree of 3kPa and the assistance of nitrogen bubbling, the output dissolved oxygen content is 1.6mg / L. The treated water medium is injected into water tank 9.

[0111] Measurement results: The sound pressure signal waveform collected by oscilloscope 5 is pure and free of high-frequency glitches (cavitation noise is effectively suppressed). The -6dB focal zone area calculated by computer system 1 fluctuates by less than 3% (compared to the fluctuation of >50% in the untreated water medium).

[0112] Example 2: Far-field scanning with an unfocused transducer (long-term monitoring)

[0113] Water treatment maintenance: Circulate and replace the water medium at a flow rate of 2 L / min through the inlet / outlet water control valve at the bottom of water tank 9 (connected to the output pipe of the water treatment subsystem); monitor the dissolved oxygen content in real time to ≤ 1.8 mg / L (sensor feedback controls the degassing unit); Cost optimization solution (applicable to low power): For non-focused transducer measurements with sound pressure < 5 MPa, the filtration accuracy can be relaxed to 0.001 micron + oxygen content ≤ 5 mg / L.

[0114] The key to this system's water treatment lies in synergistically improving the water's purity and dissolved oxygen content. The filtration density must be significantly smaller than the measured ultrasonic wave length to effectively suppress acoustic scattering. The dissolved oxygen content must be reduced to a level that places the water's acoustic cavitation threshold above the maximum operating sound pressure of the transducer under test, a verified threshold of ≤ 3 mg / L.

[0115] The aforementioned 0.0001 micron filtration accuracy and <2 mg / L dissolved oxygen content (or 1.6 mg / L in the specific example) are the optimal parameter combinations for achieving accurate sound field measurement of high-pressure focused ultrasonic transducers (e.g., >25 MPa), fully validating the effectiveness of this technical solution. In practical applications, these parameters can be adjusted based on the specific operating frequency (f) and maximum sound pressure (P0) of the transducer under test. For example, for an unfocused transducer operating at a frequency ≤1 MHz and a sound pressure ≤10 MPa, the filtration accuracy can be relaxed to 0.1 micron, and the dissolved oxygen content requirement can be reduced to ≤5 mg / L, still within the scope of the disclosed technical solution and achieving the basic effect of suppressing cavitation interference.

[0116] Optionally, in a specific embodiment, the inner surface of the water tank 9 is covered with sound absorbing material.

[0117] In this embodiment, during the ultrasonic sound field scanning process, the sound waves reflected by the inner wall of the water tank 9 will cause two types of measurement errors:

[0118] Sound field distribution distortion: The reflected wave and the direct sound wave are superimposed, resulting in sidelobe elevation (the measured sidelobe ratio deteriorates by 3-5dB) and deformation of the focal area;

[0119] Standing wave interference: Fixed interference fringes are formed at specific frequencies (e.g., the fringing amplitude reaches 40% peak-to-peak at 3 MHz), completely masking the actual sound field.

[0120] In order to eliminate the above interference, in this embodiment, the inner surface of the water tank 9 is covered with sound absorbing material, and the acoustic impedance is matched (for example, the characteristic impedance is ≈ 1.5×10 6 Rayl) and viscous dissipation mechanism, the absorption rate of incident sound waves is increased to ≥99%.

[0121] Coverage areas include:

[0122] Core area: water tank bottom (100% coverage), four sides (coverage height ≥ water level + 20mm);

[0123] Optimized area: side wall above the water surface (coated with a hydrophobic layer, contact angle > 150°).

[0124] Here, specific embodiments are listed:

[0125] Example 1: Far-field scanning verification of non-focused transducer

[0126] Structural configuration: 200L large water tank, with 30mm thick polyurethane sound-absorbing panels covering the sides and bottom;

[0127] Test results: The sound pressure fluctuation at a distance of 150 mm from the transducer was reduced from ±12% to ±2.8%; the grid-like standing wave fringes were eliminated in the sound field reconstruction.

[0128] Example 2: Sub-focus suppression of high-acoustic-pressure HIFU transducer

[0129] Problem Background: Sub-focal reflections cause a deviation of >15% in the calculated -6dB focal area;

[0130] Solution: Add a 50mm gradient density sound absorption layer to the bottom of the water tank (bottom layer density 2.0g / cm³, surface layer 0.6g / cm³);

[0131] Effect: The sub-focal reflected sound pressure level is reduced by 30dB, and the standard deviation of focal area measurement repeatability is <0.3mm².

[0132] "Inner surface covered" definition: The sound absorbing material is permanently fixed to the metal wall of the water tank by bonding, spraying or snapping.

[0133] The core purpose of covering the inner walls of the water tank with sound-absorbing material is to maximize absorption of incident sound wave energy (absorption rate ≥ 99%) through acoustic impedance matching and viscous dissipation mechanisms, eliminating sound field distortion and standing wave interference caused by wall reflection. The choice of sound-absorbing material (e.g., characteristic impedance close to 1.5 MRayl) and thickness design should be optimized for the main measurement frequency band.

[0134] The specific parameters given in the examples, such as the polyurethane foam material and 30mm / 50mm thickness, are preferred solutions for the commonly used operating frequency bands (e.g., 1-5 MHz) and typical water tank sizes of this system, aiming to achieve a sound absorption efficiency of ≥ 99%. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other sound-absorbing materials with similar acoustic properties (e.g., rubber-based composites, gradient materials) and thicknesses optimized for the actual water tank size and measurement frequency (for example, a thinner sound-absorbing layer may be required for high-frequency measurements >5 MHz, and different thicknesses may be required for different zones in large water tanks) are equivalent embodiments of the disclosed technical solution, as long as they effectively suppress wall reflection interference.

[0135] Optionally, in a specific embodiment, the hydrophone includes any one of the following: a high-pressure resistant fiber optic hydrophone, used for measuring a focused ultrasonic transducer with a sound pressure greater than or equal to a sound pressure threshold; a high-sensitivity thin-film hydrophone, used for far-field scanning of an unfocused transducer; a ceramic hydrophone, used for measuring a focused ultrasonic transducer with a measurement accuracy error requirement greater than or equal to an error threshold, and / or a sensitivity requirement greater than or equal to a sensitivity threshold.

[0136] In this embodiment, the system is configured with three types of dedicated hydrophones for different sound field measurement scenarios:

[0137] High-pressure fiber optic hydrophone: Suitable for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) measurement scenarios with sound pressure ≥25 MPa, avoiding the risk of probe damage;

[0138] High-sensitivity thin-film hydrophone: Suitable for non-focused transducer far-field scanning with sound pressure ≤ 5MPa or measurement distance ≥ 100mm, with a sensitivity of 1000mV / MPa and can capture weak signals as low as -40dB.

[0139] Ceramic hydrophones are used for general acoustic field scanning scenarios without high sound pressure and high sensitivity requirements. High-pressure fiber optic hydrophone installation steps: Secure the probe to the impact-resistant ceramic holder of the I-shaped bracket 11. Use a laser collimator to calibrate the probe axis, ensuring a deviation of less than 0.1° from the bracket axis. Connect the fiber optic patch cord through a waterproof connector to an external demodulator.

[0140] High-sensitivity membrane hydrophone installation steps:

[0141] The probe is embedded in a polytetrafluoroethylene damping ring (to suppress mechanical vibration noise); a level is used to calibrate the parallelism between the probe plane and the transducer radiation surface, with an error of <0.5°; the signal line is connected to the oscilloscope 5 using a double-shielded twisted pair cable.

[0142] The selection decision rules can be referred to as follows:

[0143] Sound pressure ≥ 25MPa → High-pressure fiber optic hydrophones must be used;

[0144] Sound pressure ≤ 5 MPa and distance ≥ 100 mm → High-sensitivity membrane hydrophones are mandatory.

[0145] Ceramic hydrophones are used in acoustic field scanning scenarios where measurement sensitivity and accuracy are not critical, meeting the needs of rapid batch testing on production lines. Their core features include an applicable sound pressure range of ≤10 MPa (for medium and low sound pressure transducers) and a single test duration of ≤30 seconds (at a standardized production line cycle). The sensitivity threshold can be set to 500±50 mV / MPa, the error threshold to ≤±10%, and the maximum applicable sound pressure to ≤10 MPa.

[0146] The selection of a hydrophone is based on its damage threshold and sensitivity. The damage threshold must be significantly higher than the maximum peak sound pressure of the measured sound field to ensure the safety and reliability of the probe in high-pressure environments. The sensitivity must meet the signal-to-noise ratio requirements for detecting the lowest target sound pressure (such as weak signals in the far field) at the measurement distance.

[0147] The sound pressure thresholds of 25 MPa and 5 MPa, and the sensitivity index of 1000 mV / MPa given in the examples are typical preferred values ​​based on the performance of current mainstream transducers and the level of hydrophone technology. The technical solutions disclosed herein are not limited to these specific threshold values. As hydrophone technology advances, when new probes that can withstand higher sound pressures (e.g., >40 MPa) or have higher sensitivities (e.g., >2000 mV / MPa) become available, they can be directly applied to this system. Similarly, for specific application scenarios (e.g., medium sound pressure fields, such as 10-20 MPa), other types or specifications of hydrophones (e.g., improved piezoelectric ceramic hydrophones) may also meet measurement requirements, and these are also covered by the present disclosure.

[0148] Optionally, in a specific embodiment, the transducer positioning and moving mechanism 8 includes a base plate, a fixed plate and a support beam; the base plate is fixed to the frame 6 by a sliding rod; the fixed plate 20 forms an adjustable rigid connection with the base plate through four sets of adjustable fixing components, and the adjustable fixing components include a screw 18 and a butterfly nut 19; the support beam 24 is linked to the fixed plate 20 through two guide shafts 16, and a bubble level 22 is installed on the support beam 24; the support beam 24 is used to fix the ultrasonic transducer 21 to be detected, and drive the ultrasonic transducer 21 to be detected to rise and fall along the Z-axis direction.

[0149] In this embodiment, the transducer positioning movement mechanism 8 is composed of three levels of rigid components:

[0150] Base plate: The base surface for mounting the mechanism, connected to the linear bearing of the frame 6 via two Ø12mm sliding rods 26, to achieve manual translation in the XY plane (stroke ±50mm, positioning accuracy ±0.1mm);

[0151] Fixed plate 20: horizontal adjustment carrier, dimensions 300×300×15mm (aluminum alloy 6061-T6), with interference fit (H7 / p6) with the base plate through four sets of adjustable fixing components;

[0152] Support beam 24: Transducer bearing body, linked to the flange linear bearing of the fixed plate 20 through two Ø16mm guide shafts 16, driving the ultrasonic transducer 21 to be detected to move up and down along the Z axis (stroke 200mm, repeatability accuracy ±0.01mm).

[0153] Core features:

[0154] Z-axis lift: Suitable for immersion depth of transducers with a diameter of 50-250mm (immersion requirement: distance between the transducer radiation surface and the water surface ≥ acoustic focal length + 200mm);

[0155] Horizontal adjustment: ensure that the verticality error between the transducer radiation surface and the axis of the hydrophone 12 probe is ≤0.1°;

[0156] Plane coarse adjustment: Assists the hydrophone to quickly locate the sound focus (saving time for automatic scanning).

[0157] 2. Technical specifications of adjustable fixing components

[0158] Component composition (per group):

[0159] Screw 18: M8 fine thread (pitch 0.5mm), passing through the mounting holes of the base plate and the fixing plate 20;

[0160] Butterfly nut 19: divided into upper nut 19a and lower nut 19b, made of stainless steel embedded with nylon 6 / 6 self-locking parts (anti-loosening torque 0.8N·m).

[0161] Leveling operation principle:

[0162] Partially lift the fixed plate → Turn the lower nut 19b counterclockwise;

[0163] The fixed plate partially descends → Turn the upper nut 19a clockwise;

[0164] Four sets of components are adjusted independently to compensate for the 20 ± 2° tilt error of the fixed plate;

[0165] Single-turn adjustment: 0.02° (corresponding to 0.05mm height change).

[0166] 3. Level calibration and lifting actuator

[0167] Bubble level 22: including bubble level 22a and bubble level 22b, installed on the support beam 24 at a distance of ≤10cm from the transducer interface;

[0168] Calibration standard: Double bubble centered (±0.5 grid deviation allowed).

[0169] The Z-axis drive unit includes a lead screw 14, a hand wheel 13, and guide shafts 16a and 16b. Guide bearings 17a and 17b correspond to guide shafts 16a and 16b, respectively. A trapezoidal nut 15 corresponds to the lead screw 14.

[0170] The installation and operation process includes:

[0171] Step 1: Install the transducer. Clamp the transducer 21 to the bracket beam 24 and tighten the clamp bolts (torque 4.5 ± 0.5 N·m).

[0172] Step 2: Level calibration (perform before filling with water). Observe the bubble level 22. If the X-axis is offset 2 grids in the positive direction, adjust the X-axis positive screw assembly: Turn the lower nut 19b counterclockwise to partially raise the fixed plate 20 by 1 mm. Tighten the upper nut 19a clockwise to lock. Recheck the bubble until it is centered (error ≤ 0.5 grid).

[0173] Step 3: Z-axis positioning. Turn the hand wheel 13 to drive the screw 14 and lower the transducer below the water surface.

[0174] Immersion requirements: The distance between the transducer radiation surface and the water surface ≥ the acoustic focal length + 200mm water depth;

[0175] Lock the guide shaft clamp (to prevent it from sliding down due to its own weight).

[0176] The positioning accuracy and travel of the motion mechanism (hydrophone positioning mechanism and transducer positioning mechanism) are critical to ensuring the spatial resolution and coverage of the sound field measurement. Accuracy requirements must ensure accurate depiction of the minimum focal size (e.g., the 1-3 mm focal size commonly seen in clinical practice) (error < 5% of the focal size); and the travel range must be compatible with the maximum size and sound field of the transducer being measured.

[0177] The specific parameters detailed in the examples, such as ±0.001 mm and ±0.005 mm repeatability, 200 mm Z-axis travel, and a maximum speed of 50 mm / s, represent the optimal configuration for high-precision scanning (e.g., 0.1 mm increments) of typical clinical-grade HIFU transducers (diameter approximately 100-250 mm, focal length approximately 100-200 mm). The technical solutions disclosed herein are not limited to these specific values. For smaller applications with slightly lower precision requirements (such as miniaturized transducers or rapid production line inspections), positioning accuracy can be relaxed (e.g., ±0.01 mm), maximum speed can be increased, or more cost-effective drive solutions (e.g., replacing some servo motors with stepper motors) can be employed. As long as these solutions can achieve reliable scanning and positioning of critical areas of the sound field being measured, they are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0178] Optionally, in a specific embodiment, the support beam 24 is used to position the ultrasonic transducer 21 to be detected directly above or below the hydrophone 12 .

[0179] In this embodiment, in order to replicate the clinical installation scenario of the ultrasonic treatment device, the support beam 24 is designed with a bidirectional installation structure to achieve two positioning modes of the ultrasonic transducer 21 to be detected relative to the hydrophone 12:

[0180] Directly below positioning: the transducer 21 is mounted on the bottom interface of the support beam 24, with the radiating surface facing upwards, and is located in the negative Z direction of the vertical axis of the hydrophone 12 (simulating a bottom-mounted device such as a prostate HIFU treatment bed);

[0181] Directly above positioning: the transducer 21 is installed at the top interface of the support beam 24, with the radiating surface facing downward, and is located in the positive Z direction of the vertical axis of the hydrophone 12 (simulating an overhead device such as an extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy).

[0182] Positioning accuracy requirement: The deviation between the center of the transducer acoustic focus and the axis of the hydrophone probe is ≤0.1mm (to ensure the authenticity of clinical sound field reproduction).

[0183] 2. Mechanical structure and precision assurance

[0184] Bidirectional installation interface: Top interface: 4 × M6 threaded holes for top installation; Bottom interface: 4 × M6 threaded holes for bottom installation; Interface repeated installation coaxiality ≤ 0.05mm.

[0185] Symmetrical guide system: The two guide shafts 16 have a center distance of 120±0.01mm and are symmetrically distributed across the axis of the hydrophone 12 probe; the linear bearing fit clearance is ≤5μm to eliminate lifting and lowering deflection.

[0186] Support beam rigidity design: Material: 7075-T6 aluminum alloy (tensile strength ≥560MPa); Reinforcement rib thickness: 8mm; Maximum deformation: <0.005mm at a load of 20kg.

[0187] Key steps description:

[0188] Level calibration: Use four sets of screws 18 and butterfly nuts 19 to adjust the angle of the fixing plate 20 so that the bubble of the bubble level 22 is centered (an error of 0.5 grids is allowed) to ensure that the levelness of the radiating surface is ≤ 0.1°;

[0189] Z-axis positioning: Turn the hand wheel 13 to drive the support beam to rise and fall, and use the ruler to set the distance between the radiating surface and the tip of the hydrophone probe to 50mm (including a 5mm water layer gap to prevent mechanical collision).

[0190] Optionally, in a specific embodiment, the screw 18 of the adjustable fixing assembly vertically passes through the base plate and the fixing plate 20; the butterfly nut 19 includes: a first butterfly nut 19a screwed on the upper surface of the fixing plate 20, and a second butterfly nut 19b screwed on the lower surface of the fixing plate 20; the adjustable fixing assembly is used to adjust the horizontal plane inclination angle of the support beam 24.

[0191] In this step, the adjustable fixed assembly is the core unit for horizontal adjustment of the transducer positioning movement mechanism 8. Each set of components includes:

[0192] Screw 18: M8 fine thread (pitch 0.5mm), vertically penetrates the fixing hole of the base plate and the through hole of the fixing plate 20 (verticality ≤ 0.05°); Figure 4 In the figure, the screw 18 includes a screw 18a, a screw 18b, a screw 18c, and a screw 18d, which are not described in detail here.

[0193] First butterfly nut 19a: screwed on the upper surface of the fixing plate 20, made of stainless steel embedded with nylon 66 self-locking part;

[0194] Second butterfly nut 19b: screwed onto the lower surface of the fixing plate 20, made of the same material as 19a.

[0195] Four sets of components are distributed at the four corners of the fixing plate 20 (center distance 250×250mm). By independently adjusting the height of each point, the horizontal plane tilt angle adjustment of the support beam 24 is achieved (range ±2°, accuracy 0.02°).

[0196] Optionally, in a specific embodiment, the hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism 7 includes a first automatic adjustment unit; the first automatic adjustment unit includes a first servo motor, which is used to drive the first ball screw to drive the hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism 7 to move horizontally; the transducer positioning and moving mechanism 8 includes a second automatic adjustment unit; the second automatic adjustment unit includes a second servo motor, which is used to drive the second ball screw to drive the transducer positioning and moving mechanism 8.

[0197] In this embodiment, the system achieves high-precision automatic positioning of the motion mechanism through servo motor and ball screw closed-loop control:

[0198] Hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism 7: equipped with a first servo motor driving a first ball screw 10 (see Figure 3 ), to achieve precise scanning motion of the hydrophone 12 in the X / Y / Z axes (repeat positioning accuracy ±0.001mm, maximum speed 50mm / s). For example, refer to Figure 2 The enlarged view of the local position 80 is Figure 5 As shown, the guide shaft assembly 25 and the guide shaft assembly 26, the butterfly bolt 23a and the butterfly bolt 23b can lock the movement of the bushings on the guide shaft assembly 25 and the guide shaft assembly 26 after being tightened.

[0199] Transducer positioning and moving mechanism 8: equipped with a second servo motor to drive a second ball screw to achieve automatic lifting and positioning of the transducer 21 along the Z axis (repeat positioning accuracy ±0.005mm, maximum speed 20mm / s).

[0200] Technical advantages (compared with manual / stepper motor solutions):

[0201] Motion smoothness: Servo motor torque fluctuation is <±2%, eliminating acoustic shock caused by stepper motor jitter (noise is reduced to <25dB(A));

[0202] Positioning reliability: Ball screw preload is 8% of rated dynamic load, eliminating backlash (return error ≤ 0.001mm).

[0203] Automatic control process example:

[0204] Computer system 1 sends the target coordinates (e.g., X=10.000mm, Y=5.000mm, Z=20.000mm) to the first servo motor via the EtherCAT bus. This motor drives the first ball screw 10 to move the hydrophone bracket, and a 23-bit encoder provides real-time position feedback. When the deviation between the actual and target positions is ≤0.001mm, a synchronization signal is triggered to the oscilloscope 5 to collect sound pressure. The computer records the coordinates and sound pressure values ​​and proceeds to the next scan point. The computer sends the Z-axis target position (e.g., Z=50.000mm) to the second servo motor via Modbus RTU. This motor drives the second ball screw to raise and lower the bracket beam 24. The 20-bit encoder confirms the position (error ≤0.005mm) and provides a completion signal.

[0205] Example 2

[0206] Figure 6 A flowchart of a scanning method for an ultrasonic transducer sound field provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0207] The present disclosure further provides a scanning method for an ultrasonic transducer sound field, characterized in that the scanning method is implemented based on any of the above scanning systems for an ultrasonic transducer sound field, and the scanning method includes:

[0208] Step 101: Control the hydrophone to move along the acoustic axis of the ultrasonic transducer to be detected, collect sound pressure data in real time, and determine the coordinate Z0 of the sound pressure peak point; the acoustic axis direction is defined as the Z axis of the coordinate system, the horizontal direction perpendicular to the Z axis is the X axis, and the direction perpendicular to the XZ plane is the Y axis;

[0209] The core goal of step 101 is to accurately determine the axial position (Z0) of the acoustic focus of the focused ultrasound transducer 21 to establish a reference plane for subsequent scanning. The acoustic axis is defined as a straight line perpendicular to the transducer radiation surface and passing through the geometric center, and its direction coincides with the Z axis of the system coordinate system. After the Z axis scan is completed, the computer system generates a sound pressure-position curve (see Figure 7 ), automatically locates Z0 and drives the hydrophone back to this coordinate.

[0210] Step 102: fix the Z coordinate of the hydrophone to Z0, control the hydrophone to move along the X axis, collect sound pressure data to determine the peak point coordinate X0;

[0211] The core goal of step 102 is to accurately determine the transverse position X0 of the acoustic focus within the determined Z0 plane, providing a baseline for subsequent Y-axis scanning. The focused ultrasound sound field has a Gaussian distribution in the focal plane (Z=Z0), with X0 corresponding to the point of maximum sound pressure (center of the main lobe). After the X-axis scan is completed, the computer system generates a sound pressure-position curve (see Figure 8 ).

[0212] Step 103: fix the Z coordinate of the hydrophone to Z0 and the X coordinate to X0, control the hydrophone to move along the Y axis, collect sound pressure data to determine the peak point coordinate Y0;

[0213] The core goal of step 103 is to accurately determine the Y-axis coordinate Y0 of the acoustic focus based on the locked (Z0, X0) position to complete the three-dimensional focus positioning. The focused sound field is rotationally symmetric in the XY plane, and Y0 must be coplanar with X0 on the acoustic axis (error ≤ 0.05mm). After the Y-axis scan is completed, the computer system generates a sound pressure-position curve (see Figure 9 ).

[0214] The driving modes for controlling the hydrophone to move along the acoustic axis, the X axis, or the Y axis include: a stepping mode and a continuous mode.

[0215] In step mode, to eliminate the effects of acoustic shock and flow forces during the acoustic field scan, the hydrophone is moved in preset steps, with a dwell time set based on the echo signal at each step, before collecting sound pressure data. The hydrophone moves in preset steps (typically 0.1 mm), pausing for ≥50 ms at each step (to ensure mechanical vibrations are attenuated to <0.1 μm), and sound pressure data is collected while completely stationary. Technical features include steady-state sound pressure measurement (eliminating motion artifacts) and position accuracy of ±0.001 mm (measured in stationary state). Data is collected as a discrete set of independent, uncorrelated data points.

[0216] In continuous mode, the influence of acoustic impulse force can be ignored during the sound field scanning process, the hydrophone moves at a uniform speed, and the sound pressure data is collected synchronously. The hydrophone moves at a uniform speed at an optimized speed, and the position is fed back in real time through the encoder, and the sound pressure signal and position flow are collected synchronously. Technical features include: collecting dynamic sound pressure waveforms (including time-position correlation), and position accuracy of ±0.01mm (speed related). The data is a continuous time series, and Kalman filtering is required to eliminate motion noise. Step 104, position the hydrophone to the coordinates (Z0, X0, Y0), scan according to the preset trajectory on the plane Z=Z0, and obtain the sound pressure distribution data set;

[0217] The core goal of step 104 is to obtain high-resolution sound pressure distribution data at the acoustic focal plane (Z = Z0), providing a foundation for sound field modeling. The focal plane sound pressure distribution directly determines the treatment safety window (clinical parameters such as -6dB focal area and sidelobe ratio).

[0218] Step 105: Build a sound field model based on the sound pressure distribution dataset, extract the -6 dB focal zone boundary, and calculate the focal zone area.

[0219] The core goal of step 105 is to construct a 3D acoustic field model based on the sound pressure distribution data set obtained in step 104, extract the -6dB focal zone boundary and calculate the focal zone area (a core parameter for clinical treatment). The -6dB focal zone area determines the thermal ablation range. Based on the scanning data of plane Z=Z0, a 2D acoustic pressure distribution map is generated and the -6dB focal zone boundary is marked (see Figure 10 ), output the focal area. This step 105 provides an algorithm as processing logic, which performs the following operations in sequence:

[0220] (1) Synchronous data recording. During the scanning process, the hydrophone position coordinates (x(t), y(t), z(t)) and the sound pressure signal P(t) are recorded in real time using a hardware-triggered synchronization mechanism. The position encoder and oscilloscope are time-aligned at the FPGA level, and the transmission delay is calibrated to 1.2 μs using the EtherCAT bus protocol, ensuring a spatiotemporal synchronization accuracy better than 0.1 μs.

[0221] (2) Grid mapping interpolation. The non-uniformly collected sound pressure data is converted into regular grid data with a spacing of 0.1 mm using a bicubic spline interpolation algorithm. The interpolation process maintains C² continuity (second-order derivative continuity) and eliminates data jumps. The interpolation error is verified by a laser interferometer to be no more than 0.8%.

[0222] (3) Acoustic field model construction. Normalize the gridded sound pressure data:

[0223] ;

[0224] in, is the original sound pressure value at the grid point (x, y, z), is the maximum sound pressure value in the entire grid, is the normalized sound pressure level (relative value).

[0225] (4) -6dB focal range extraction. First locate the coordinates of the maximum sound pressure point (x0, y0, z0), and filter all the points that meet P in the z=z0 plane. dB The Marching Squares algorithm was used to generate closed contour lines, and the Savitzky-Golay filter was used for boundary smoothing (window width of 5 data points, third-order polynomial fitting) to eliminate jagged fluctuations.

[0226] (5) Optimization of focal radius calculation. Divide the 360° circumference into 360 groups (1° interval), and calculate the extreme distance r from the boundary point to the focus (x0, y0) for each group of directions. k The calculation formula of equivalent radius is optimized as follows:

[0227] ;

[0228] in, is the extreme distance in the k direction, is the equivalent circle radius.

[0229] The focal area is finally calculated as:

[0230] ;

[0231] in, It is the equivalent area of ​​the -6dB focal range.

[0232] The accuracy of acoustic field modeling depends on the spatial sampling density (grid spacing) and the boundary extraction method. The grid spacing must satisfy the spatial sampling theorem to avoid aliasing, and the number of directional groupings must ensure the fidelity of the focal region boundary shape. Typically, the angular resolution must meet clinical assessment requirements (e.g., the ability to distinguish focal irregularities).

[0233] The 0.1mm grid spacing and 360-directional grouping described in step 105 are optimal parameters for achieving high-precision focal zone reconstruction (<2% area error) for a typical therapeutic transducer with a center frequency of approximately 3.5 MHz (wavelength λ ≈ 0.43 mm in water). The scanning method disclosed herein is not limited to these specific values. For lower-frequency transducers (e.g., 1 MHz, λ ≈ 1.5 mm), the grid spacing can be increased (e.g., 0.3 mm or 0.5 mm); for regular focal zones or rapid assessment requirements, the number of directional groupings can be reduced (e.g., 180 or 90 groups). These parameter adjustments are routine optimizations of the method by those skilled in the art based on practical needs and application scenarios and remain within the scope of the disclosed technical solution.

[0234] Example 3

[0235] Figure 11 This is a structural schematic diagram of an electronic device showing an example embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and for running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the scanning method for the ultrasonic transducer sound field described in any of the above embodiments is implemented. Figure 11 The electronic device 90 shown is only an example and should not limit the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0236] like Figure 11 As shown, electronic device 90 may be implemented as a general-purpose computing device, such as a server device. Components of electronic device 90 may include, but are not limited to, at least one processor 91, at least one memory 92, and a bus 93 connecting various system components (including memory 92 and processor 91).

[0237] The bus 93 includes a data bus, an address bus, and a control bus.

[0238] The memory 92 may include a volatile memory, such as a random access memory (RAM) 921 and / or a cache memory 922 , and may further include a read-only memory (ROM) 923 .

[0239] The memory 92 may also include a program tool 925 (or utility) having a set (at least one) of program modules 924, such program modules 924 including but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules and program data, each of which or some combination may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0240] The processor 91 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer program stored in the memory 92, such as the scanning method for the ultrasonic transducer sound field provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0241] The electronic device 90 can also communicate with one or more external devices 94 (e.g., a keyboard, pointing device, etc.). This communication can occur via an input / output (I / O) interface 95. Furthermore, the electronic device 90 can communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and / or a public network, such as the Internet) via a network adapter 96. As shown, the network adapter 96 communicates with other modules of the electronic device 90 via a bus 93. It should be understood that, although not shown in the figure, other hardware and / or software modules can be used in conjunction with the electronic device 90, including but not limited to microcode, device drivers, redundant processors, external disk drive arrays, RAID (RAID) systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.

[0242] It should be noted that although several units / modules or sub-units / modules of the electronic device are mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is merely exemplary and not mandatory. In fact, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the features and functions of two or more units / modules described above can be embodied in one unit / module. Conversely, the features and functions of one unit / module described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple units / modules.

[0243] Example 4

[0244] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the program is executed by a processor, the scanning method for the ultrasonic transducer sound field provided by any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0245] The readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, a portable disk, a hard disk, a random access memory, a read-only memory, an erasable programmable read-only memory, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0246] Example 5

[0247] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-mentioned methods for scanning the sound field of an ultrasonic transducer.

[0248] The program code for executing the computer program product of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, and the program code may be executed entirely on the user device, partially on the user device, as a standalone software package, partially on the user device and partially on a remote device, or entirely on the remote device.

[0249] While specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these are merely illustrative and that the scope of protection of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present disclosure, and such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A scanning system for an ultrasonic transducer sound field, characterized in that: The scanning system includes: a computer system, an oscilloscope, a water treatment subsystem, and a scanning mechanism; The scanning mechanism includes: a frame, a water tank, a hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism, a transducer positioning and moving mechanism and a hydrophone; The frame serves as the overall load-bearing structure; The water tank is used to contain the water medium provided by the water treatment subsystem; The hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism is installed on the frame and is used to carry the hydrophone and drive the hydrophone to perform three-dimensional movement; The transducer positioning and moving mechanism is installed on the frame and is used to carry the ultrasonic transducer to be detected and adjust the spatial posture of the ultrasonic transducer to be detected; The oscilloscope is connected to the hydrophone, and the hydrophone is used to convert the collected sound pressure signal into an electrical signal; The oscilloscope is used to receive the electrical signal and transmit the processed electrical signal to the computer system; The computer system is connected to the hydrophone positioning movement mechanism of the scanning mechanism via a motion control interface and to the oscilloscope via a data acquisition interface, and is used to perform scanning control and sound field modeling; The water treatment subsystem is composed of a water filtration unit and a vacuum degassing unit connected in series. The water treatment subsystem is used to provide water medium that meets preset standards to the water tank.

2. The scanning system according to claim 1, wherein: The water filtration unit is used to remove suspended matter and ions in water with a particle size greater than or equal to 0.0001 microns; The vacuum degassing unit is used to reduce the oxygen content of the aqueous medium to below 2 mg / L.

3. The scanning system according to claim 1, wherein: The inner surface of the water tank is covered with sound absorbing material.

4. The scanning system according to claim 1, wherein: The hydrophone includes any one of the following: High-voltage fiber optic hydrophone, used for measuring focused ultrasonic transducers with sound pressure greater than or equal to the sound pressure threshold; Highly sensitive thin-film hydrophone for far-field scanning with unfocused transducers; A ceramic hydrophone is used for measuring a focused ultrasonic transducer with a measurement accuracy error requirement greater than or equal to an error threshold and / or a sensitivity requirement greater than or equal to a sensitivity threshold.

5. The scanning system according to claim 1, wherein: The transducer positioning and moving mechanism includes a base plate, a fixing plate and a support beam; The base plate and the frame are fixed via a sliding rod; The fixing plate is connected to the base plate in an adjustable rigid manner via four sets of adjustable fixing components, wherein the adjustable fixing components include screws and butterfly nuts; The support beam is linked to the fixed plate via two guide shafts, and a bubble level is installed on the support beam; The support beam is used to fix the ultrasonic transducer to be detected and drive the ultrasonic transducer to be detected to rise and fall along the Z-axis direction.

6. The scanning system according to claim 5, characterized in that The support beam is used to position the ultrasonic transducer to be detected directly above or below the hydrophone.

7. The scanning system according to claim 5, characterized in that The screw of the adjustable fixing assembly vertically passes through the base plate and the fixing plate; the butterfly nut includes: a first butterfly nut screwed on the upper surface of the fixing plate, and a second butterfly nut screwed on the lower surface of the fixing plate; the adjustable fixing assembly is used to adjust the horizontal plane inclination angle of the support beam.

8. The scanning system according to claim 1, wherein: The hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism includes a first automatic adjustment unit; the first automatic adjustment unit includes a first servo motor for driving a first ball screw to drive the hydrophone positioning and moving mechanism to move horizontally; The transducer positioning and moving mechanism includes a second automatic adjustment unit; the second automatic adjustment unit includes a second servo motor, which is used to drive a second ball screw to drive the transducer positioning and moving mechanism.

9. A method for scanning the sound field of an ultrasonic transducer, characterized in that: The scanning method is implemented based on the scanning system for the ultrasonic transducer sound field according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the scanning method includes: Controlling the hydrophone to move along the acoustic axis of the ultrasonic transducer to be detected, collecting sound pressure data in real time, and determining the coordinate Z0 of the sound pressure peak point; the acoustic axis direction is defined as the Z axis of the coordinate system, the horizontal direction perpendicular to the Z axis is the X axis, and the direction perpendicular to the XZ plane is the Y axis; Fix the Z coordinate of the hydrophone as Z0, control the hydrophone to move along the X axis, collect sound pressure data to determine the peak point coordinate X0; Fix the Z coordinate of the hydrophone to Z0 and the X coordinate to X0, control the hydrophone to move along the Y axis, collect sound pressure data to determine the peak point coordinate Y0; Positioning the hydrophone at coordinates (Z0, X0, Y0), scanning along a preset trajectory on plane Z=Z0, and acquiring a sound pressure distribution data set; The sound field model is constructed based on the sound pressure distribution dataset, the -6dB focal zone boundary is extracted, and the focal zone area is calculated.

10. The scanning method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The driving modes for controlling the hydrophone to move along the acoustic axis, X axis or Y axis include: In step mode, during the sound field scanning process, in order to eliminate the influence of acoustic flow force, the hydrophone moves step by step according to the preset step length, and the retention time of each step is set according to the echo signal, and then the sound pressure data is collected; In the continuous mode, the influence of the acoustic flow force can be ignored during the sound field scanning process. The hydrophone moves at a constant speed and synchronously collects sound pressure data.

11. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to run on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the scanning method for the ultrasonic transducer sound field according to any one of claims 9 to 10 is implemented.

12. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the scanning method for the ultrasonic transducer sound field according to any one of claims 9 to 10 is implemented.

13. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the scanning method for the ultrasonic transducer sound field according to any one of claims 9 to 10 is implemented.

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