Communication guiding method special for emergency evacuation of passenger plane

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation communication, and particularly relates to a communication guiding method special for passenger plane emergency evacuation. Comprises: opening an aircraft internal communication network; the mobile terminal automatically downloads a forced landing off-line guide program after networking; when the airplane is in forced landing, a forced landing departure guiding program is operated, and the forced landing departure guiding program is used for obtaining the emergency exit position, the emergency exit state information and the current seat position; according to the emergency exit position, the emergency exit state information and the current seat position, determining a target emergency exit position of the current seat leaving; displaying the emergency exit position, the emergency exit state information, the current seat position and the target emergency exit position through the mobile terminal; and after the mobile terminal is disconnected from the network, the forced landing off-line guide program is automatically deleted. According to the communication guiding method special for passenger plane emergency evacuation, passengers can be assisted to go to an emergency exit in order, the off-plane efficiency is improved, and the risk in the off-plane process is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of aviation communication technology, and in particular relates to a communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft. Background Art

[0002] When a large passenger aircraft makes an emergency landing and the emergency exit opens, passengers need to leave the aircraft quickly through the emergency exit. Without guidance, it is difficult for passengers to tell where to leave the aircraft, which can easily lead to chaos and congestion, and even serious stampedes.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution to overcome or alleviate at least one of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft to solve at least one problem existing in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of this application is:

[0006] A first aspect of the present application provides a dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of an aircraft, comprising:

[0007] Open the aircraft's internal communication network;

[0008] After the mobile terminal is connected to the Internet, it will automatically download the emergency landing and departure guidance program;

[0009] When an aircraft makes an emergency landing, the emergency landing and departure guidance program is run. The emergency landing and departure guidance program is used to:

[0010] Get the emergency exit location, emergency exit status information and current seat location;

[0011] Determining a target emergency exit position for the current seat to leave the aircraft based on the emergency exit position, the emergency exit status information, and the current seat position;

[0012] Displaying the emergency exit location, the emergency exit status information, the current seat location, and the target emergency exit location via the mobile terminal;

[0013] The mobile terminal automatically deletes the forced landing and leaving guidance program after being disconnected from the network.

[0014] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the mobile terminal includes a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a smart bracelet, and a smart watch.

[0015] In at least one embodiment of the present application, determining a target exit position for the current seat to leave the aircraft based on the exit position, the exit status information, and the current seat position includes:

[0016] determining the area where the current seat is located according to the current seat position;

[0017] Sort the locations of the emergency exits according to the area where the current seat is located;

[0018] Determining the status of each of the safety exit positions according to the safety exit status information;

[0019] The first safety exit position in a normally open state is selected from the order of the safety exit positions as the target safety exit position.

[0020] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the mobile terminal displays the emergency exit location, the emergency exit status information, the current seat location, and the target emergency exit location through a main interface.

[0021] In at least one embodiment of the present application, when the emergency exit location, the emergency exit status information, the current seat position and the target emergency exit location are displayed by the mobile terminal, the forced landing and departure guidance program controls the mobile terminal to vibrate and pop up the main interface.

[0022] In at least one embodiment of the present application, when the safety exit position, the safety exit status information, the current seat position and the target safety exit position are displayed by the mobile terminal, the safety exit position that is normally open is indicated by a first mark, the safety exit position that is abnormal is indicated by a second mark, and the target safety exit position is indicated by a third mark.

[0023] A second aspect of the present application provides a dedicated communication guidance system for emergency evacuation of a passenger aircraft, based on the dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of a passenger aircraft, comprising:

[0024] Communication network module, used to provide internal aircraft communication network;

[0025] The program download module is used to control the mobile terminal to automatically download the forced landing and departure guidance program after connecting to the Internet;

[0026] The program running module is used to run the forced landing and departure guidance program when the aircraft makes an emergency landing. The forced landing and departure guidance program is used to:

[0027] Get the emergency exit location, emergency exit status information and current seat location;

[0028] Determining a target emergency exit position for the current seat to leave the aircraft based on the emergency exit position, the emergency exit status information, and the current seat position;

[0029] Displaying the emergency exit location, the emergency exit status information, the current seat location, and the target emergency exit location via the mobile terminal;

[0030] The program deletion module is used to control the mobile terminal to automatically delete the forced landing and leaving the aircraft guidance program after being disconnected from the network.

[0031] A third aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions for executing the above-described dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of an aircraft.

[0032] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computing device, including:

[0033] at least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0034] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are used to execute the above-mentioned dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft.

[0035] The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0036] The dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft disclosed in this application can assist passengers in heading to the safety exit in an orderly manner, improve the efficiency of leaving the aircraft, and reduce the risks during the leaving process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of a passenger aircraft according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of information display on the main interface of a mobile terminal according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of information display on the main interface of a mobile terminal according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a dedicated communication guidance system for emergency evacuation of a passenger aircraft according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a computing device for implementing an emergency landing and departure guidance program according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the implementation of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. The embodiments described with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain this application, and should not be understood as limitations on this application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 5 This application is described in further detail.

[0045] The first aspect of the present application provides a dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of an aircraft, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0046] Open the aircraft's internal communication network;

[0047] After the mobile terminal is connected to the Internet, it will automatically download the emergency landing and departure guidance program;

[0048] When an aircraft makes an emergency landing, the emergency landing and departure guidance procedure is run. The emergency landing and departure guidance procedure is used to:

[0049] Get the emergency exit location, emergency exit status information and current seat location;

[0050] Determine the target exit location for the current seat to leave the aircraft based on the exit location, exit status information, and the current seat location;

[0051] Display the emergency exit location, emergency exit status information, current seat location, and target emergency exit location via a mobile terminal;

[0052] The forced landing and departure guidance program is automatically deleted after the mobile terminal loses network connection.

[0053] The present application relates to a dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft. An aircraft is equipped with an internal communication network to provide passengers with in-flight networking services. After boarding, a flight attendant reminds passengers to connect their mobile devices to the communication network. Once connected, the mobile devices automatically download a program for emergency landing and exit guidance. In this embodiment, the mobile devices include mobile phones, tablet computers, smart bracelets, smart watches, and the like.

[0054] In the present application, the dedicated communication guidance method for passenger aircraft emergency evacuation, when the aircraft makes an emergency landing, the aircraft control system sends an emergency landing and departure instruction to the emergency landing and departure guidance program via the communication network. The emergency landing and departure guidance program obtains the emergency exit location and the current seat position and continuously collects emergency exit status information. In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the emergency landing and departure guidance program determines the target emergency exit location for the current seat to leave the aircraft based on the emergency exit location, the emergency exit status information, and the current seat position. The process is as follows:

[0055] Determine the area where the current seat is located according to the current seat position;

[0056] Sort the exits according to the area where the current seat is located;

[0057] Determine the status of each safety exit location based on the safety exit status information;

[0058] The first safety exit position that is normally open is selected from the order of each safety exit position as the target safety exit position.

[0059] In this embodiment, the mobile terminal displays the emergency exit location, emergency exit status information, current seat position, and target emergency exit location through a main interface. When the emergency exit location, emergency exit status information, current seat position, and target emergency exit location are displayed on the mobile terminal, the emergency landing and departure guidance program controls the mobile terminal to vibrate and pop up the main interface. A first mark indicates an emergency exit location that is normally open, a second mark indicates an emergency exit location that is abnormal, and a third mark indicates the target emergency exit location. The target emergency exit location is the emergency exit location closest to the passenger's current seat and is normally open.

[0060] The present application discloses a dedicated communication guidance method for passenger aircraft emergency evacuation. The forced landing and departure guidance program can control the vibration of the mobile terminal and pop up the main interface, displaying the location of the emergency exit, the status of the emergency exit, the current seat position, and the target emergency exit position, prompting passengers to be prepared. After the aircraft comes to a complete stop, the passenger closest to the emergency exit opens the emergency exit according to the exit opening guidance arranged at the emergency exit. If the emergency exit can be opened normally, the passengers evacuate quickly and orderly from the designated emergency exit. If the emergency exit cannot be opened normally, the forced landing and departure guidance program determines that the emergency exit status is abnormal and inaccessible, and continues to match other accessible emergency exits for the passengers. After the passenger leaves the aircraft, the mobile terminal is disconnected from the network, and the forced landing and departure guidance program is automatically deleted.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present application, taking a certain model of Airbus as an example, the area where the passenger's current seat is located includes the left front area, the left center area, the left rear area, the right front area, the right center area, and the right rear area, and the emergency exit positions include the first emergency exit on the left, the second emergency exit on the left, the first emergency exit on the right, and the second emergency exit on the right. After boarding the plane, the passenger connects to the internal communication network of the aircraft through a mobile phone and automatically downloads the forced landing and departure guidance program. The program is hidden under the mobile phone interface. When the plane makes an emergency landing, the phone vibrates and the forced landing and departure guidance program automatically pops up the main interface. In this embodiment, the passenger's current seat is 49B, and the area where the passenger is located is the left rear area. The order of the emergency exit positions corresponding to this area is the second emergency exit on the left, the first emergency exit on the left, the second emergency exit on the right, and the first emergency exit on the right. If all emergency exits can be opened normally, the passenger's mobile phone interface will be as follows: Figure 2 If the second emergency exit on the left is stuck and cannot be opened normally, and the other emergency exits can be opened normally, the passenger's mobile phone interface will be as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0062] The dedicated communication guidance method for passenger aircraft emergency evacuation of the present application can be used to guide passengers to quickly leave the aircraft after an emergency landing of a large passenger aircraft, thereby avoiding congestion or even trampling accidents caused by incorrect exit selection.

[0063] The second aspect of the present application provides a dedicated communication guidance system for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft, based on the above-mentioned dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft, such as Figure 4 As shown, the system includes:

[0064] The communication network module 10 is used to provide an internal communication network of the aircraft;

[0065] The program download module 20 is used to control the mobile terminal to automatically download the forced landing and departure guidance program after connecting to the Internet;

[0066] The program running module 30 is used to run the forced landing and departure guidance program when the aircraft makes an emergency landing. The forced landing and departure guidance program is used to:

[0067] Get the emergency exit location, emergency exit status information and current seat location;

[0068] Determine the target exit location for the current seat to leave the aircraft based on the exit location, exit status information, and the current seat location;

[0069] Display the emergency exit location, emergency exit status information, current seat location, and target emergency exit location via a mobile terminal;

[0070] The program deletion module 40 is used to control the mobile terminal to automatically delete the forced landing and departure guidance program after the mobile terminal is disconnected from the network.

[0071] A third aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions for executing the above-mentioned dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft.

[0072] For the convenience of description, the above parts are divided into modules (or units) according to their functions and described separately. Of course, when implementing this application, the functions of each module (or unit) can be implemented in the same or multiple software or hardware.

[0073] After introducing the dedicated communication guidance method, system, and readable medium for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a computing device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present application will be introduced.

[0074] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various aspects of the present application can be implemented as systems, methods, or program products. Therefore, various aspects of the present application can be specifically implemented in the following forms: a complete hardware implementation, a complete software implementation (including firmware, microcode, etc.), or an implementation that combines hardware and software aspects, which may be collectively referred to herein as a "circuit," "module," or "system."

[0075] In some possible implementations, the computing device of the present application may include at least one processing unit and at least one storage unit. The storage unit stores program code that, when executed by the processing unit, causes the processing unit to perform the steps of the dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of an aircraft according to various exemplary embodiments of the present application as described above in this specification.

[0076] Refer to the following Figure 5 hereinafter, a computing device 50 according to this embodiment of the present application is described. Figure 5 The computing device 50 shown is merely an example and should not limit the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present application.

[0077] like Figure 5As shown, the computing device 50 is a general-purpose computing device. Components of the computing device 50 may include, but are not limited to, at least one processing unit 51, at least one storage unit 52, and a bus 53 connecting different system components (including the storage unit 52 and the processing unit 51).

[0078] Bus 53 represents one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.

[0079] The storage unit 52 may include a readable medium in the form of a volatile memory, such as a RAM 521 and / or a cache memory 522 , and may further include a ROM 523 .

[0080] The storage unit 52 may also include a program / utility 525 having a set (at least one) of program modules 524, such program modules 524 including but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which or some combination may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0081] Computing device 50 may also communicate with one or more external devices 54 (e.g., a keyboard, pointing device, etc.), one or more devices that enable a user to interact with computing device 50, and / or any device that enables computing device 50 to communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., a router, modem, etc.). Such communication may occur via I / O interface 55. Furthermore, computing device 50 may communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and / or a public network such as the Internet) via network adapter 56. As shown, network adapter 56 communicates with other modules of computing device 50 via bus 53. It should be understood that, although not shown, other hardware and / or software modules may be used in conjunction with computing device 50, including but not limited to microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.

[0082] In some possible implementations, various aspects of the dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of an aircraft provided in the present application may also be implemented in the form of a program product, which includes program code. When the program product is executed on a computer device, the program code is used to cause the computer device to execute the steps of the dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of an aircraft according to various exemplary embodiments of the present application described above in this specification.

[0083] The program product may employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or component, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0084] The program product of the dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of an aircraft according to an embodiment of the present application may be a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and may be run on a computing device. However, the program product of the present application is not limited thereto. In the present application, a readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program, which may be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0085] A readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A readable signal medium may also be any readable medium other than a readable storage medium that can transmit, propagate, or transfer a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0086] The program code contained in the readable medium can be transmitted with any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the above. The program code for performing the operation of the present application can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, C++, etc., and also including conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user computing device, partially on the user device, as an independent software package, partially on the user computing device, partially on the remote computing device, or completely on the remote computing device or server. In the case of a remote computing device, the remote computing device can be connected to the user computing device through any type of network including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or can be connected to an external computing device (e.g., using an Internet service provider to connect through the Internet).

[0087] It should be noted that although several units or subunits of the device are mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is merely exemplary and not mandatory. In fact, depending on the embodiment of the application, the features and functions of two or more units described above can be embodied in a single unit. Conversely, the features and functions of a single unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple units.

[0088] Furthermore, although the operations of the method of the present application are described in a particular order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that the operations must be performed in this particular order, or that all illustrated operations must be performed to achieve the desired results. Additionally or alternatively, some steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be decomposed into multiple steps.

[0089] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0090] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems) and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0091] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0092] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0093] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft, characterized in that: include: Open the aircraft's internal communication network; After the mobile terminal is connected to the Internet, it will automatically download the emergency landing and departure guidance program; When an aircraft makes an emergency landing, the emergency landing and departure guidance program is run. The emergency landing and departure guidance program is used to: Get the emergency exit location, emergency exit status information and current seat location; Determining a target emergency exit position for the current seat to leave the aircraft based on the emergency exit position, the emergency exit status information, and the current seat position; Displaying the emergency exit location, the emergency exit status information, the current seat location, and the target emergency exit location via the mobile terminal; The mobile terminal automatically deletes the forced landing and leaving guidance program after being disconnected from the network.

2. The passenger aircraft emergency evacuation dedicated communication guidance method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile terminals include mobile phones, tablet computers, smart bracelets, and smart watches.

3. The dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining a target exit position for the current seat to leave the aircraft based on the exit position, the exit status information, and the current seat position includes: determining the area where the current seat is located according to the current seat position; Sort the locations of the emergency exits according to the area where the current seat is located; Determining the status of each of the safety exit positions according to the safety exit status information; The first safety exit position in a normally open state is selected from the order of the safety exit positions as the target safety exit position.

4. The dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mobile terminal displays the emergency exit location, the emergency exit status information, the current seat location, and the target emergency exit location through a main interface.

5. The passenger aircraft emergency evacuation dedicated communication guidance method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the emergency exit position, the emergency exit status information, the current seat position, and the target emergency exit position are displayed through the mobile terminal, the forced landing and departure guidance program controls the mobile terminal to vibrate and pop up a main interface.

6. The dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of passenger aircraft according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the safety exit position, the safety exit status information, the current seat position and the target safety exit position are displayed through the mobile terminal, the safety exit position that is normally open is indicated by the first mark, the safety exit position that is abnormal is indicated by the second mark, and the target safety exit position is indicated by the third mark.

7. A dedicated communication guidance system for emergency evacuation of a passenger aircraft, based on the dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of a passenger aircraft according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: Communication network module, used to provide internal aircraft communication network; The program download module is used to control the mobile terminal to automatically download the forced landing and departure guidance program after connecting to the Internet; The program running module is used to run the forced landing and departure guidance program when the aircraft makes an emergency landing. The forced landing and departure guidance program is used to: Get the emergency exit location, emergency exit status information and current seat location; Determining a target emergency exit position for the current seat to leave the aircraft based on the emergency exit position, the emergency exit status information, and the current seat position; Displaying the emergency exit location, the emergency exit status information, the current seat location, and the target emergency exit location via the mobile terminal; The program deletion module is used to control the mobile terminal to automatically delete the forced landing and leaving the aircraft guidance program after being disconnected from the network.

8. A computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, characterized in that: The computer-executable instructions are used to execute the dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of an aircraft as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computing device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are used to execute the dedicated communication guidance method for emergency evacuation of an aircraft according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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