Method for preparing organic solar cell based on high-throughput spraying process

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic solar cell based on a high-throughput spraying process. The organic solar cell structurally comprises a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, a bottom transmission layer, an active layer, a top transmission layer and a top electrode layer from bottom to top in sequence, one or more of the bottom electrode layer, the bottom transmission layer, the active layer, the top transmission layer and the top electrode layer are prepared by adopting a high-throughput spraying process, and the high-throughput spraying process comprises the steps of solution preparation, spraying parameter setting, spraying and post-treatment. According to the high-flux spraying process, an automatic spraying machine is adopted, synchronous optimization of multiple spraying parameters can be achieved in a single experiment by means of multi-nozzle array or single-nozzle sequential control and accurate regulation and control of key parameters such as spraying air pressure and solution concentration, the process development efficiency is remarkably improved, the research and development cost is reduced, and the development cost is reduced. The method provides reliable technical support for industrial production of organic solar cells, and belongs to the field of photovoltaic device manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of organic photovoltaic device manufacturing, and in particular to a method for preparing an organic solar cell based on a high-throughput spraying process. Background Art

[0002] Solar cells, as a renewable energy technology, have attracted widespread attention. In recent years, organic solar cells have become a research hotspot due to their advantages such as high efficiency, low cost, and solution processability. Organic solar cells are mainly composed of a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, a bottom transport layer, an active layer, a top transport layer, and a top electrode layer. However, the preparation of the various layers that make up organic solar cells currently relies mainly on spin coating. However, traditional spin coating methods suffer from severe material waste and are difficult to scale up for production. High-throughput spin coating is still limited by substrate size and has poor compatibility with high-boiling-point solvents and easily crystallized systems. Traditional spray coating methods are also inefficient. Therefore, developing a high-throughput spray coating process that can achieve rapid, efficient, and large-area thin film deposition to prepare organic solar cells is of great significance for promoting the industrialization of organic solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing organic solar cells based on a high-throughput spraying process that can be sprayed quickly and efficiently.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for preparing an organic solar cell based on a high-throughput spraying process, wherein one or more layers of the organic solar cell's bottom electrode layer, bottom transport layer, active layer, top transport layer, and top electrode layer are prepared using a high-throughput spraying process, and the steps of the high-throughput spraying process include solution preparation, setting spraying parameters, spraying, and post-processing.

[0005] The high-throughput spraying process uses an automatic sprayer, with multi-nozzle array or single-nozzle timing control, and by precisely regulating key parameters such as spraying pressure and solution concentration, it can achieve simultaneous optimization of multiple spraying parameters in a single experiment, significantly improving process development efficiency, reducing R&D costs, and providing reliable technical support for the industrial production of organic solar cells.

[0006] Preferably, the material of the active layer includes at least one of PM6, D18, Y6, and L8-BO.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the material of the bottom transmission layer comprises ZnO (5 wt% in IPA, N10, Avantama) and SnO2 (5 wt% in H2O, Bailingwei), and the material of the top transmission layer comprises MoO X , PEDOT:F or PFN-Br.

[0008] As a preference, the material of the bottom electrode layer comprises ITO, and the material of the top electrode layer comprises bulk silver or silver nanowires.

[0009] As a preference, the substrate material of the organic solar cell is glass or PET.

[0010] As a preferred method, a high-throughput spraying process is used to prepare any one layer, and the steps are as follows:

[0011] Solution preparation: prepare the bottom transmission layer material into a solution of the required concentration;

[0012] Set spraying parameters: set spraying pressure, spraying distance and substrate temperature;

[0013] Spraying: extract the corresponding solution, use a multi-nozzle array or single-nozzle timing control method, and control the spraying path through a robotic arm to spray;

[0014] Post-treatment: thermal annealing, air knife assisted or solvent vapor annealing after spraying.

[0015] As a preference, the bottom transmission layer or active layer is prepared by a high-throughput spraying process.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the high-throughput spraying process uses an automatic sprayer, which drives the spray head to move through a robotic arm to control the spraying path.

[0017] As a preference, the automatic spraying machine adopts a spray gun spraying, ultrasonic spraying or electric spraying method.

[0018] In general, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. High work efficiency: The high-throughput automatic sprayer can support 24-hour continuous operation, and a single batch can process 36 samples at the same time, which improves work efficiency by at least 200%.

[0020] 2. High material utilization rate: The spray flow and area can be precisely controlled by the robotic arm to perform automatic spraying process, which can significantly reduce material waste and reduce manufacturing costs.

[0021] 3. Good consistency and uniformity: The use of precise control of the robotic arm and digital control of spraying parameters can form high-quality and uniform spraying with low efficiency deviation within the batch;

[0022] 4. Strong process adaptability: compatible with a variety of materials, adaptable to different solvents, supporting a wide concentration range, high compatibility with substrates, suitable for rigid, flexible, large-area and other substrates;

[0023] 5. High degree of automation: realize full process automation of device preparation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a partial structural diagram of an automatic spraying machine.

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of an organic solar cell.

[0026] Figure 3 The current density-voltage (JV) curves of the devices with different tin oxide concentrations in Example 1 are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] The bottom transport layer, active layer, top transport layer, and top electrode layer are sequentially prepared on a glass substrate with a bottom electrode from bottom to top by the following steps:

[0030] S1, clean the glass substrate with ITO bottom electrode and use it as the substrate, the size of which is 15 mm × 15 mm;

[0031] S2, dilute tin oxide to different concentrations (5-0.1%), use a precision single nozzle system to extract solutions of different concentrations in sequence for spraying, and continuously spray four substrates for each concentration. The spraying parameters are fixed at an air pressure of 30 psi, a spraying distance of 16 cm, and a substrate temperature of 25°C. The nozzle is cleaned when switching between solutions of different concentrations to avoid cross contamination. After spraying, the substrate is placed on an 80°C hot plate for annealing for 30 minutes to complete the preparation of the bottom transmission layer.

[0032] In step S3, PM6:Y6 (weight ratio of 1:1.2) was dissolved in CF at a donor concentration of 10 mg / ml at room temperature. The substrate, spray-coated and annealed in step S2, was transferred to a glove box and spin-coated at 4000 rpm for 40 seconds, followed by thermal annealing at 100°C for 10 minutes to complete the preparation of the active layer.

[0033] S4, thermal evaporation was performed in a vacuum chamber to obtain 10nm MoO X and 100nm of Ag to complete the preparation of the top transport layer and the top electrode layer. The prepared organic solar cell structure is as follows Figure 1 shown.

[0034] In step S2, a commercially available automatic spraying machine is used, such as Figure 2 As shown, it is equipped with a single nozzle timing control system, which drives the nozzle to move through a robotic arm, automatically completing the spraying of multiple concentration gradient solutions in a single batch, achieving high-efficiency and high-consistency thin film preparation and process optimization.

[0035] The device with the highest efficiency is selected from all devices under the same concentration condition in step S2, and then the optimal devices with different concentrations in this step are compared, such as Figure 3 The best efficiency of 12.22% was obtained using a 0.1% concentration of tin oxide.

[0036] The efficiency and other photovoltaic parameters of the device are obtained by the current density-voltage test (JV) method. Specifically, the Enlitech SS-F5-3A solar simulator is used as the light source system, maintaining 100mW cm under standard AM 1.5G spectrum conditions. -2 The device obtained in the above steps was subjected to a constant irradiation intensity and the current density-voltage (JV) characteristic test was performed on the device using a Keithley 2400 digital source meter. Before the test, the light intensity was accurately calibrated using a standard single crystal silicon calibration cell to ensure that the irradiance error was within the allowable range. After the device under test was fixed on the four-probe test platform, a scan test was performed in the voltage range of -0.2 to 1V with a step size of 0.02V, and the transport characteristics of the photogenerated carriers were recorded simultaneously. The open circuit voltage (V OC ), short-circuit current density (J SC ), fill factor (FF) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and other key photovoltaic parameters.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] The bottom transport layer, active layer, top transport layer and top electrode layer are prepared on the substrate with the bottom electrode from bottom to top by the following steps:

[0039] S1, clean the glass substrate with ITO bottom electrode and use it as the substrate, the size of which is 15 mm × 15 mm;

[0040] S2: ZnO was diluted to a concentration of 0.2%, and spin-coated on the substrate at a speed of 2000 rpm for 30 seconds, followed by thermal annealing on a hot plate at 100° C. for 10 minutes.

[0041] S3, for the active layer system of PM6:DTY6 (weight ratio of 1:1.2), a multi-factor experimental matrix with different solution concentrations (1.1-4.4 mg / mL), different spraying pressures (10-25 psi), different solution dosages (75-400 μL / piece), different solvent types (chloroform, chloroform-chlorobenzene blended solvent, o-xylene, toluene) and a third component additive (such as D18, L8-BO, Y6, BTP-eC9, IT4F) was designed. Through a precisely controlled single-nozzle spraying system, the spraying experiments of each parameter combination were completed in sequence, and each condition was repeated for 4 substrates to ensure data reliability. Then thermally annealed at 100°C for 10 minutes.

[0042] S4, PEDOT:F was spin-coated on the active layer at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds.

[0043] S5, thermal evaporation is performed in a vacuum chamber to obtain 100 nm of Ag.

[0044] In step S3, a commercially available automatic spraying machine is used, such as Figure 2 As shown, it is equipped with a single nozzle timing control system, which drives the nozzle to move through a robotic arm, and simultaneously optimizes multiple spraying parameters in a single batch, realizing rapid screening and collaborative optimization of multi-dimensional process parameters.

[0045] This example uses the same (JV) test method as in Example 1. The optimal device photovoltaic parameters for the active layer obtained in step S3 for different solution concentrations, solvents, air pressures, and spray amounts are shown in Table 1. It can be concluded that the highest efficiency (13.19%) was achieved when the solvent was toluene, the air pressure was 20 psi, the concentration was 1 mg / ml, and the spray amount was 125 μL / sheet. Based on these parameters, the material composition of the solution was optimized, and the device photovoltaic parameters for the active layer were obtained, as shown in Table 2. It can be seen that the optimization achieved a maximum efficiency of 13.76%.

[0046] Table 1 Photovoltaic parameters of devices based on high-throughput spraying of active layers with different solvents, gas pressures, and spraying volumes

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Table 2 Photovoltaic parameters of devices based on high-throughput spraying of active layers with different material compositions

[0050] Active layer <![CDATA[V OC (V)]]> <![CDATA[J SC (mAcm -2 )]]> FF(%) PCE (%) PM6:DTY6 0.85 22.64 61.43 11.78 PM6:DTY6:Y6 0.82 25.41 63.01 13.19 PM6:DTY6:IT4F 0.85 21.10 60.46 10.90 PM6:DTY6:L8-B0 0.86 23.99 66.90 13.76 PM6:DTY6:BTP-eC9 0.83 25.15 62.26 12.97 PM6:D18:DTY6 0.87 22.89 60.11 11.94

[0051] The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the invention, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing organic solar cells based on a high-throughput spraying process, characterized in that: One or more of the bottom electrode layer, bottom transport layer, active layer, top transport layer, and top electrode layer of the organic solar cell are prepared using a high-throughput spraying process. The steps of the high-throughput spraying process include solution preparation, setting spraying parameters, spraying, and post-processing.

2. The method for preparing an organic solar cell based on a high-throughput spraying process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the active layer includes at least one of PM6, D18, Y6, and L8-BO.

3. The method for preparing an organic solar cell based on a high-throughput spraying process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the bottom transport layer includes ZnO or SnO2, and the material of the top transport layer includes MoO X , PEDOT:F or PFN-Br.

4. The method for preparing an organic solar cell based on a high-throughput spraying process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the bottom electrode layer includes ITO, and the material of the top electrode layer includes bulk silver or silver nanowires.

5. The method for preparing an organic solar cell based on a high-throughput spraying process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate material of organic solar cells is glass or PET.

6. The method for preparing an organic solar cell based on a high-throughput spraying process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-throughput spraying process is used to prepare any layer. The steps are: Solution preparation: prepare the corresponding materials into solutions of required concentrations; Set spraying parameters: set spraying pressure, spraying distance, substrate temperature, etc.; Spraying: extract the corresponding solution, use a multi-nozzle array or single-nozzle timing control method, and control the spraying path through a robotic arm to spray; Post-treatment: thermal annealing, air knife assisted or solvent vapor annealing after spraying.

7. The method for preparing an organic solar cell based on a high-throughput spraying process according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom transport layer or active layer is prepared using a high-throughput spraying process.

8. The method for preparing an organic solar cell based on a high-throughput spraying process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-throughput spraying process uses an automatic sprayer that uses a robotic arm to move the spray head to control the spray path.

9. The method for preparing an organic solar cell based on a high-throughput spraying process according to claim 8, characterized in that: The automatic spraying machine adopts spray gun spraying, ultrasonic spraying or electric spraying.

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