Application of trans-cinnamic acid in relieving high temperature stress of rice

Abstract

The invention discloses an application of trans-cinnamic acid (tan-CA, t-CA) in relieving high temperature stress of rice, and exogenous t-CA treatment can relieve the damage of the high temperature stress to the rice. In the seedling stage, compared with high-temperature treatment, the survival rate of the rice under high-temperature stress is increased by 6.1 times through 150 microgram / L t-CA water culture treatment. In the reproductive growth period, 150 [mu] g / L t-CA spraying treatment can significantly relieve the reduction effect of high temperature on the number of grains per ear, the maturing rate and the thousand seed weight of the rice, and then the single ear yield and the single plant yield of the rice under high temperature stress are increased by 87.5% and 81.0% respectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant stress resistance regulation, and particularly relates to application of trans-cinnamic acid in alleviating high temperature stress of rice. Background Art

[0002] Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the world's most important food crops, feeding nearly half of the world's population. However, global warming has led to frequent extreme heat events in recent years, posing a significant challenge to rice production. High temperatures inhibit rice growth, reducing yield and quality, and can even cause plant death, resulting in a complete crop failure. Therefore, developing regulatory technologies that can alleviate heat stress in rice is of great significance and has promising applications.

[0003] Trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) is an organic compound primarily used in flavors and fragrances, food additives, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, pesticides, and organic synthesis. A search of domestic and international research has revealed no patents or literature reports on alleviating high-temperature stress in rice through the application of exogenous t-CA. The present invention enhances the heat tolerance of rice by applying exogenous t-CA, thereby increasing the survival rate and yield of rice under high-temperature stress. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides the use of t-CA in alleviating high temperature stress in rice. Exogenous application of t-CA can alleviate the reducing effect of high temperature stress on the survival rate and yield of rice, thereby alleviating the yield loss of rice caused by high temperature stress.

[0005] t-CA is used to alleviate the reducing effect of high temperature stress on rice survival rate: compared with high temperature treatment, 15μg / L t-CA treatment can alleviate the reducing effect of high temperature stress on rice survival rate. With the increase of t-CA treatment concentration, the alleviating effect of t-CA on rice high temperature stress is enhanced. The treatment concentration of t-CA in the range of 75-7500μg / L has the effect of significantly alleviating high temperature stress. Among them, the survival rate of rice seedlings under high temperature stress after hydroponic treatment with 150μg / L t-CA is as high as 85%.

[0006] t-CA is used to alleviate the yield-reducing effect of high temperature stress on rice: compared with the normal temperature control, high temperature stress significantly reduced the number of filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, single panicle yield and single plant yield of the experimental rice; compared with the high temperature treatment, after spraying 150μg / L t-CA treatment, the number of filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight of rice under high temperature stress increased by 58.2%, 59.4% and 2.5%, respectively, and the single panicle yield and single plant yield of rice increased by 87.5% and 81.0%, respectively.

[0007] To address the problem of high-temperature stress harming rice production, t-CA is applied to enhance rice heat tolerance, thereby alleviating the damage caused by high-temperature stress. Exogenous t-CA application has the advantages of being effective, simple, and quick to use, making it an ideal method for alleviating heat stress in rice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 . Graph showing the effect of 150 μg / L t-CA in alleviating high temperature stress in rice seedlings in Example 1.

[0009] Figure 2 In Example 2, 150 μg / L t-CA alleviated the effects of high temperature stress on rice yield components and yield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] Example 1: t-CA alleviates the reducing effect of high temperature stress on rice seedling survival rate

[0011] The japonica rice variety Taichung 65 (T65) was used as the experimental material to verify the effect of different concentrations of t-CA in alleviating high temperature stress in rice. The method is as follows:

[0012] Normal temperature treatment: Select T65 seedlings with uniform germination and culture them with rice nutrient solution from the International Rice Research Institute at room temperature (29°C, light during the day; 26°C, dark at night) for 16 days + 56 hours, and then calculate the survival rate.

[0013] High temperature treatment: T65 seedlings with uniform germination were selected and cultured at room temperature for 7 days using rice nutrient solution from the International Rice Research Institute. They were then subjected to high temperature treatment (43°C, light during the day; 43°C, darkness at night) for 56 hours. The survival rate was calculated after the seedlings returned to normal temperature for 9 days.

[0014] Normal temperature + t-CA: T65 seedlings with uniform germination were selected and cultured at room temperature for 3 days using rice nutrient solution from the International Rice Research Institute. They were pretreated with different concentrations of t-CA (15, 75, 150, 750, 1500, 3750, 7500, 15000 μg / L) at room temperature for 4 days, and then cultured at room temperature for 9 days + 56 hours before the survival rate was calculated.

[0015] High temperature + t-CA: T65 seedlings with uniform germination were selected and cultured at room temperature for 3 days using rice nutrient solution from the International Rice Research Institute. They were pretreated with different concentrations of t-CA (15, 75, 150, 750, 1500, 3750, 7500, 15000 μg / L) for 4 days, then subjected to high temperature treatment for 56 hours. The survival rate was calculated after the seedlings recovered to room temperature for 9 days.

[0016] The rice plants were pretreated with different concentrations of t-CA (15, 75, 150, 750, 1500, 3750, 7500, and 15000 μg / L) using a hydroponic culture method. The hydroponic solution contained rice nutrient solution from the International Rice Research Institute.

[0017] Table 1 t-CA alleviates the reduction of rice seedling survival rate under high temperature stress

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] As shown in Table 1, high temperature stress can cause severe damage to rice plants, leading to a decrease in rice survival rate. t-CA treatment can alleviate the damage caused by high temperature stress to rice, thereby alleviating the effect of high temperature stress on rice survival rate. Even at a low t-CA concentration (15 μg / L), t-CA can alleviate rice heat stress. As the t-CA concentration increases, the effect of t-CA on rice heat stress is enhanced. However, treatment with excessively high t-CA concentrations weakens its mitigating effect on rice heat stress. Compared with high temperature treatment, exogenous t-CA treatment can alleviate the damage caused by high temperature stress to rice, thereby increasing rice survival rate by 0.1 to 6.1 times under high temperature stress.

[0021] Example 2: t-CA alleviates the reducing effect of high temperature stress on rice yield components and yield

[0022] The experiment was conducted using japonica rice variety Taichung 65 (T65) as the experimental material, and the method was as follows:

[0023] Normal temperature treatment: During the first five days after heading, rice plants with consistent growth were selected as experimental materials and sprayed with H2O twice daily, ensuring that the rice leaves were moist (but without visible droplets) after each spray. This spraying was continued for five consecutive days. After the rice matured in the field under normal temperature conditions, the number of filled grains per panicle, seed set rate, 1000-grain weight, yield per panicle, yield per plant, and the reduction in yield per panicle and per plant were calculated.

[0024] High temperature treatment: During the first 5 days after rice heading, select test rice plants with consistent growth as experimental materials and spray them with H2O twice a day. After each spraying, the rice leaves are moist (but without obvious droplets). Spraying is continued for 5 days. Then, high temperature treatment is carried out (a plastic shed is built in the field). The temperature inside the shed is measured at 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, and 16:00 every day. If the temperature inside the shed exceeds 42°C, the plastic film is opened for ventilation to ensure that the temperature inside the shed does not exceed 42°C. The high temperature treatment lasts for 30 days, and the plastic shed is removed after the high temperature treatment. Then, after the rice matures under normal temperature conditions in the field, the number of grains per panicle, fruit set rate, 1,000-grain weight, single panicle yield, single plant yield, and the reduction in single panicle yield and single plant yield are calculated.

[0025] Normal Temperature + t-CA: During the first five days after heading, rice plants with consistent growth were selected and sprayed with 150 μg / L t-CA twice daily, ensuring that the rice leaves remained moist (but without visible droplets) after each spraying. This spraying was continued for five consecutive days. After the rice matured in the field under normal temperature, the number of filled grains per panicle, seed set rate, 1000-grain weight, yield per panicle, yield per plant, and the reduction in yield per panicle and per plant were measured.

[0026] High temperature + t-CA: During the first five days of rice heading, uniformly growing rice plants were selected as experimental materials and sprayed twice daily with 150 μg / L t-CA. After each spraying, the rice leaves were moistened (but no droplets were visible). Spraying was continued for five days. A high temperature treatment was then applied (using a plastic shed constructed in the field). The shed temperature was measured daily at 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, and 16:00. If the shed temperature exceeded 42°C, the plastic film was removed for ventilation to ensure that the shed temperature did not exceed 42°C. The high temperature treatment lasted for 30 days, after which the plastic shed was removed. After the rice matured under normal field temperature, the number of filled grains per panicle, seed set rate, 1000-grain weight, yield per panicle, yield per plant, and the reduction in yield per panicle and per plant were measured.

[0027] Table 2 t-CA alleviates the reducing effect of high temperature stress on rice yield components

[0028]

[0029] Table 3 t-CA alleviates the reduction effect of high temperature stress on rice yield

[0030]

[0031]

[0032] As shown in Tables 2-3, high temperature stress severely harms rice yield. Compared with normal temperature, high temperature treatment resulted in significant reductions in rice yield components and yield. High temperature combined with t-CA treatment significantly increased rice yield compared with high temperature treatment. Exogenous t-CA treatment at 150 μg / L significantly mitigated the effects of high temperature on the number of filled grains per panicle, seed set rate, 1000-grain weight, yield per panicle, and yield per plant in the test rice varieties.

[0033] In summary, high temperature stress can cause severe damage to rice, reducing its survival rate and yield. t-CA treatment can alleviate the damage caused by high temperature stress, thereby increasing rice survival rate and yield under high temperature stress. Even at a low t-CA concentration (15 μg / L), t-CA can alleviate high temperature stress in rice. With increasing t-CA concentration, the mitigating effect of t-CA on rice heat stress increases. However, treatment with excessively high t-CA concentrations weakens its mitigating effect. Compared with high temperature treatment, exogenous t-CA treatment at 150 μg / L can alleviate the damage caused by high temperature stress, thereby increasing rice survival rate by 6.1 times and increasing rice panicle and plant yield by 87.5% and 81.0%, respectively.

Claims

1. Application of trans-cinnamic acid in alleviating high temperature stress in rice.

2. The use according to claim 1, comprising alleviating the effect of high temperature stress on reducing rice survival rate or yield.

3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The trans-cinnamic acid is used at a concentration of 15-15000 μg / L.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that The trans-cinnamic acid is used at a concentration of 75-7500 μg / L.

5. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that Apply trans-cinnamic acid hydroponically or by spraying.

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