Cam-driven multidirectional adjustable composite motion fiber spreading equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fiber filament prepreg tape filament spreading, in particular to cam driving type multidirectional adjustable composite motion fiber filament spreading equipment which comprises a rack, a one-way motion cam mechanism, a composite motion cam mechanism, an upper-row filament spreading roller set, a lower-row filament spreading roller set, a position adjusting module and a rotating and fixing mode switching mechanism. The rack comprises a convex horizontal mounting bottom plate, a B-shaped mounting side plate and an arch-shaped vertical mounting plate, an opening type linear guide rail module is integrated on the upper surface of the convex horizontal mounting bottom plate, the convex horizontal mounting bottom plate, the B-shaped mounting side plate and the arch-shaped vertical mounting plate are fixed to form a portal frame type structure, and the stability of the whole filament spreading link is guaranteed to a great extent. According to the invention, for the carbon fiber bundle with the initial width of 6 mm, the broadened width can reach 24 mm under the conditions that the amplitude is 20 mm, the frequency is 15 Hz and the inclined groove included angle of the inclined groove cam is 15 degrees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fiber prepreg tape spreading, and in particular to a cam-driven multi-directional adjustable composite motion fiber spreading device. Background Art

[0002] In the field of fiber material processing, fiber spreading equipment is a key piece of equipment to ensure uniform fiber dispersion, reduce internal stress, and improve the quality of finished products. Traditional fiber spreading equipment mostly uses a fixed roller group structure with a single roller position and motion mode, which makes it difficult to adapt to the processing requirements of fibers with different fineness, strength, and surface properties. For example, in the prior art, linear guides are used to achieve unidirectional reciprocating motion of the roller group. Although this can partially improve the tension distribution, there are problems with the rigidity of the motion trajectory and poor adjustment flexibility, resulting in insufficient slippage between fiber layers and limited widening uniformity. This is especially true for ultra-fine or high-strength fibers, which are prone to broken fibers or wrinkle defects. In addition, some improvement schemes attempt to introduce a swing function, but they rely on an independent drive mechanism, resulting in a complex equipment structure, low synchronization accuracy, and difficulty in forming a synergistic effect with reciprocating motion. For example, many current transverse vibration fiber spreading devices use multiple motors to drive the upper and lower roller groups separately. Although this achieves a combination of swinging and linear motion, it has the disadvantages of complex control logic, high energy consumption, and difficult maintenance. On the other hand, existing equipment often limits roller position adjustment to a single direction, making it impossible to precisely control fiber contact pressure and wrap angle in three dimensions. Furthermore, the equipment lacks the ability to quickly switch between rotational and fixed modes, making it difficult to achieve both low-friction processing and stretching and shaping requirements. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fiber spreading device with high integration and dynamically coordinated motion parameters. This device, while simplifying the mechanical structure, can achieve precise control of fiber tension and optimization of stretching morphology, thereby overcoming the limitations of existing technologies on fiber material adaptability and processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the common problems of conventional fiber spreading equipment, such as a single motion mode, insufficient adjustment flexibility, and difficulty adapting to the diverse processing requirements of different fiber materials (such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, and aramid). The goal is to provide a compact fiber spreading device with dynamically adaptable parameters that integrates a composite cam drive mechanism, a multi-degree-of-freedom position adjustment module, and dynamic mode switching capabilities, significantly improving fiber spreading uniformity and process adaptability.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a cam-driven multi-directional adjustable composite motion fiber spreading equipment, including a frame, a unidirectional motion cam mechanism, a composite motion cam mechanism, an upper row of spreading rollers, a lower row of spreading rollers, a position adjustment module, and a rotation fixed mode switching mechanism; the frame includes a convex horizontal mounting base plate 1, a B-type mounting side plate 9 and an arch-type vertical mounting plate 10, an open linear guide module is integrated on the upper surface of the convex horizontal mounting base plate 1, and the convex horizontal mounting base plate 1, the B-type mounting side plate 9 and the arch-type vertical mounting plate 10 are fixed to form a gantry structure, which greatly The stability of the entire wire spreading process is ensured to a certain extent; the upper wire spreading roller group includes at least three long rollers 34 arranged in parallel (the number of rollers can be increased or decreased at any time according to the vibration wire spreading requirements and the installation space), an upper wire spreading roller group mounting plate 6, an upper wire spreading roller group mounting base plate 5, an optical axis guide rail 7 and a position control thread block 29. Both ends of the long roller 34 are connected to the optical axis guide rail 7. The upper wire spreading roller group mounting base plate 5 is connected to the one-way motion cam mechanism through the control position thread block 29. The one-way motion cam mechanism drives the upper wire spreading roller group to perform horizontal reciprocating linear motion, and the motion frequency range is 0-20 Hz, and the stroke amplitude is dynamically adjusted by the cam eccentricity of the unidirectional motion cam mechanism; the lower row of wire spreading roller group includes an arc-shaped mounting plate 20, a vibrating shaft 25 and at least two short rollers 33 arranged in parallel, and the arc-shaped mounting plate 20 is two pieces with a symmetrical structure. The vibrating shaft 25 and the short roller 33 are installed between the two arc-shaped mounting plates, and the compound motion cam mechanism is connected to the vibrating shaft 25. The compound motion cam mechanism drives the short roller 33 on the arc-shaped mounting plate 20 to perform a composite motion of swinging and reciprocating linear motion through the vibrating shaft 25, and the swing angle range is 5°-30°; the position adjustment module includes an X-axis adjustment mechanism, a Y-axis adjustment mechanism and a Z-axis adjustment mechanism; the rotation fixed mode switching mechanism includes an electromagnetic clutch, a mechanical buckle and a servo drive module. When the electromagnetic clutch is energized, the short roller is released and the servo drive module drives the short roller to rotate. The speed range is adjustable from 0 to 500 rpm. When the power is off, the short roller is locked by the mechanical buckle.

[0005] There are four B-shaped vertical mounting side panels 9 and two arch-shaped vertical mounting panels 10. One arch-shaped vertical mounting panel and two B-shaped vertical mounting side panels form a "["-shaped left arch side frame, and the remaining arch-shaped vertical mounting panel and two B-shaped vertical mounting side panels form a "]"-shaped right arch side frame. The left arch side frame and the right arch side frame are fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the convex horizontal mounting base plate 1 in a symmetrical structure. The front and rear sides of the convex horizontal mounting base plate 1 protrude from between the left arch side frame and the right arch side frame to form front and rear protruding ear panels.

[0006] The unidirectional motion cam mechanism includes a cylindrical cam 16 (made of quenched steel and chrome-plated), a cam follower 17, a cam drive frame, a cam vibration fixing plate 11, an indexing pin fixing plate 18, a miniature linear track module and a 6201 vertical seat bearing 15. The cylindrical cam 16 is a cylinder with a curved groove on the cylindrical surface. The miniature linear track module includes a miniature linear track 13 and a miniature linear slider 14. The 6201 vertical seat bearing axially fixes the cylindrical cam 16 on the cam vibration fixing plate 11. The indexing pin fixing plate 18 connects the cam follower 17 and the indexing pin knob plunger 19 to the miniature linear slider 14 through a spiral pair. When the cylindrical cam 16 rotates, the rotating groove on the cylindrical cam 16 drives the indexing pin knob plunger 19 and the cam follower 17 to perform linear reciprocating motion along the direction of the miniature linear track 13.

[0007] The composite motion cam mechanism includes a unidirectional motion cam mechanism and an oblique groove cylindrical cam driving mechanism, the oblique groove cylindrical cam driving mechanism includes an oblique groove cylindrical cam 24, a 6001 vertical seat bearing 27, an L-shaped cam baffle 28, an internal and external tooth adapter reducing screw 36 and a coupling 35, the oblique groove cylindrical cam 24 is fixed on the cam vibration fixing plate 11 through the 6001 vertical seat bearing 27 and the L-shaped cam baffle 28 (limiting the axial motion range of the oblique groove cam 24), and the cam vibration fixing plate 11 and the L The indexing pin spiral plunger 19 is fixed between the cam baffle 28, and the cam follower 17 is connected to the bevel cam 24 through the internal and external tooth adapter reducing screw 36 and the coupling 35. The cylindrical cam 16 drives the cam follower 17 and the bevel cam 24 to perform reciprocating linear motion. At the same time, the indexing pin knob plunger 19 cooperates with the bevel groove of the bevel groove cylindrical cam 24 to make the bevel groove cam rotate at a certain angle when feeding or retreating, that is, to drive the lower row of wire spreading rollers to swing (this rotation angle is related to the diameter of the bevel groove cam and the inclination angle of the bevel groove).

[0008] The X-axis adjustment mechanism includes an open linear guide module, the Y-axis adjustment mechanism includes a linear optical axis guide module, and the Z-axis adjustment mechanism includes an open linear guide module. The linear optical axis guide module includes an optical axis guide 7, an optical axis locking slider 8, an optical axis seat 2 and an anti-collision pad. The open linear guide module includes an open track 3 and an open self-locking slider 4.

[0009] The diameter of the inclined groove cylindrical cam 24 in the compound motion cam mechanism is 50 mm, and the surface is processed with two inclined grooves with angles of 15° and 20° to the axis. At the same time, according to the requirements of the swing angle, it can be replaced with an inclined groove cylindrical cam 24 with angles of 25° and 30° to the axis.

[0010] The upper spread roller assembly consists of at least three parallel, ceramic-coated long rollers 34 (the number of rollers can be increased or decreased at any time based on vibration spread requirements and installation space), an upper spread roller assembly mounting plate 6, an upper spread roller assembly mounting base 5, and a position control threaded block 29. The long rollers 34 have a diameter of 25 mm and a tube length of 300 mm. The upper spread roller assembly mounting plate 6 is made of aluminum alloy and sheet metal, and is 500 mm long and 165 mm high.

[0011] The lower roller assembly consists of an aluminum alloy curved mounting plate 20 and at least two parallel, ceramic-coated short rollers 33. The short rollers 33 have a diameter of 25 mm and a tube length of 160 mm (to balance vibration). The curved mounting plate 20 has a semicircular surface, is 400 mm long, and is 240 mm high.

[0012] The arc-shaped mounting plates 20 of the lower row of wire spreading rollers are distributed on both sides of the shoulders of the vibration shaft 25 and are rigidly connected to the vibration shaft 25 by bolts. The vibration shaft 25 is connected by a composite motion wire spreading mechanism to transmit the composite motion of reciprocating linear motion and reciprocating swinging motion to the short rollers 33 of the lower row of wire spreading rollers.

[0013] The position adjustment module includes a linear optical axis guide module and an open linear guide module. The linear optical axis guide module includes an optical axis guide rail 7, an optical axis locking slider 8, an optical axis seat 2, and an anti-collision pad, while the open linear guide module includes an open track 3 and an open self-locking slider 4.

[0014] The open linear guideway module is integrated into the convex horizontal mounting base plate 1 and the single-sided arch-shaped vertical mounting plate 10, with a track length of 500 mm. The linear optical axis guideway model is integrated into the upper roller assembly mounting plate 6 and the lower roller assembly curved mounting plate 20. To meet the vibration clearance requirements, the optical axis guideway 7 on the upper roller assembly mounting plate is 500 mm long, while the optical axis guideway 7 on the curved mounting plate 20 is 400 mm long.

[0015] The sliders used in the position adjustment module are all self-locking sliders, which facilitate the relative position fixation between the wire spreading rollers.

[0016] The electromagnetic clutch of the rotation-fixed mode switching mechanism adopts a dual-mode electromagnetic coil design. When power is on, the armature is attracted by the magnetic field to release the roller. When power is off, the permanent magnet maintains partial magnetic force to reduce switching delay. The clutch response time is ≤20 ms and has a built-in temperature sensor and current monitoring module. When an abnormal load is detected, the power is automatically cut off and an alarm is triggered.

[0017] The position adjustment module is integrated between the frame and the roller group, including an X-axis adjustment mechanism, a Y-axis adjustment mechanism and a Z-axis adjustment mechanism. The X-axis adjustment mechanism is composed of a control position thread block (29) fixed to the bottom plate of the upper row of the wire spreading roller group and an open linear guide module, which controls the vibration displacement and vibration position of the rollers of the upper row of the wire spreading roller group in the horizontal direction, with a vibration adjustment range of ±100 mm and a positioning accuracy of ±0.1 mm. The Y-axis adjustment mechanism is composed of a linear optical axis guide module fixed on the upper row of the wire spreading roller group mounting plate 6 and the lower row of the wire spreading roller group arc mounting plate 20, which realizes the adjustment of the front and rear spacing of the rollers in the upper and lower rows of the wire spreading roller group, with an adjustment range of 0-500 mm. In addition, a digital scale is marked on the upper row of the wire spreading roller group mounting plate to accurately control the front and rear position distance of the rollers. The Z-axis adjustment mechanism consists of a steel plate bearing adjustment seat and an open linear guide module. The open linear guide module and the bearing adjustment seat are respectively installed on the left and right arch-shaped vertical mounting plates 10, and are used to adjust the relative position of the lower row of wire spreading rollers in the vertical direction. The adjustment range is 0-300 mm, and a digital scale is also marked on the vertical base; the rotation / fixed mode switching mechanism is arranged in the bearing seat at both ends of each roller, including an electromagnetic clutch, a mechanical clip and a servo drive module. When the electromagnetic clutch is energized, the roller is released and the servo motor drives the roller to rotate freely through the synchronous belt. The speed range is adjustable from 0 to 500 rpm. When the power is off, the roller is locked by the mechanical clip to form a fixed contact surface.

[0018] The present invention achieves the following beneficial effects: for a carbon fiber bundle with an initial width of 6 mm, under the conditions of an amplitude of 20 mm, a frequency of 15 Hz, and a 15° skew angle of the skew cam, the expanded width can reach 24 mm (an expansion ratio of 4 times), with a uniformity standard deviation of less than 0.2 mm and a fiber breakage rate of less than 3%. By replacing the skew cam (with a 25° skew angle) and adjusting the frequency to 18 Hz, the carbon fiber bundle's initial width of 6 mm can be expanded to 28 mm, with a 4.6-fold expansion ratio and a uniformity standard deviation of 0.22 mm. By presetting optimized parameters for different fiber materials (such as amplitude, frequency, swing angle, and roller speed) and combining them with real-time feedback from a fiber tension sensor, the motion parameters can be dynamically adjusted to suit process requirements. For example, when processing ultrafine fibers, the amplitude needs to be reduced to 10 mm and the frequency increased to 18 Hz to reduce the stress on the individual filaments. For high-strength fibers, the swing angle needs to be increased to ±25° and the fixed mode needs to be switched to enhance the lateral separation force by increasing the normal load. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a front view and marked schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 A top view of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the present invention in use; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the compound motion cam mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the compound motion cam mechanism of the present invention; Among them, 1. Convex horizontal mounting base plate; 2. Optical axis seat; 3. Open rail; 4. Open self-locking slider; 5. Upper wire spreading roller assembly mounting base plate; 6. Upper wire spreading roller assembly mounting plate; 7. Optical axis guide rail; 8. Optical axis locking slider; 9. B-type mounting side plate; 10. Arch-type vertical mounting plate; 11. Cam vibration fixing plate; 12. Cam fixing thickening plate; 13. Miniature linear rail; 14. Miniature linear slider; 15. 6201 vertical seat bearing; 16. Cylindrical cam; 17. Cam follower; 18. Indexing pin fixing plate; 1 9. Indexing pin knob plunger; 20. Arc-shaped mounting plate; 21. Square flange bearing base; 22. Square flange bearing inner core; 23. Linear optical axis; 24. Bevel groove cylindrical cam; 25. Vibration shaft; 26. Rigid coupling; 27. 6001 vertical seat bearing; 28. Cam baffle; 29. ​​Control position threaded block; 30. One-way motion cam fixing plate; 31. Internal and external threaded cap flange type threaded sleeve; 32. Threaded rod for one-way vibration; 33. Short roller; 34. Long roller; 35. Coupling; 36. Internal and external thread adapter reducing screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The cam-driven multi-directional adjustable composite motion fiber spreading device of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. This embodiment is used to explain the technical solution of the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation to the scope of the claims.

[0021] As attached Figure 1 To the attached Figure 3 As shown, the device consists of a frame, a one-way motion cam mechanism, a compound motion cam mechanism, an upper row of wire spreading rollers, a lower row of wire spreading rollers, a position adjustment module, and a rotation fixed mode switching mechanism.

[0022] The frame includes a convex horizontal mounting base plate 1 made of aluminum alloy, B-shaped mounting side plates 9, and an arch-shaped vertical mounting plate 10. The B-shaped mounting side plates 9 and the arch-shaped vertical mounting plate 10 are connected by bolts to form a gantry structure. The surface of the convex horizontal mounting base plate 1 is pre-installed with an open linear guide module. The open linear guide module includes an open track 3 and an open self-locking slider 4. The open track 3 has two, each of which is mounted with two open self-locking sliders. The two open tracks are symmetrically mounted on the front and rear protruding ear plates. When the open self-locking sliders are in the non-self-locking state, they can slide freely on the corresponding open track. When the open self-locking sliders are in the self-locking state, the open self-locking sliders are fixed on the corresponding open track and slide. Such open linear guide modules already exist in the prior art and will not be described here. They can be purchased directly on the market. In this embodiment, each open track is 500 mm long. In other embodiments, open tracks of other lengths can be selected as needed.

[0023] The unidirectional cam mechanism comprises a cylindrical cam 16 (made of hardened steel and chrome-plated), a cam follower 17, a cam drive frame, a cam vibration fixing plate 11, an indexing pin fixing plate 18, a miniature linear track module, and a 6201 vertical seat bearing 15. The cylindrical cam 16 is a cylinder with a curved groove cut into its surface. The miniature linear track module comprises a miniature linear track 13 and a miniature linear slider 14. The 6201 vertical seat bearing secures the cylindrical cam 16 axially to the cam vibration fixing plate 11. The indexing pin fixing plate 18 connects the cam follower 17 and the indexing pin knob plunger 19 to the miniature linear slider 14 via a screw coupling. When the cylindrical cam 16 rotates, the rotating groove on the cylindrical cam 16 drives the indexing pin knob plunger 19 and the cam follower 17 in linear reciprocating motion along the miniature linear track 13. In this embodiment, the curved groove on the cylindrical cam 16 is a spiral groove with an amplitude of 10-30 mm.

[0024] In one embodiment, the cylindrical cam 16 is machined with spiral grooves with amplitudes of 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm, and can be replaced with cylindrical cams 16 with spiral grooves with amplitudes of 25 mm and 30 mm according to vibration requirements. When the cylindrical cam 16 rotates around the axis, the groove cooperates with the indexing pin knob plunger 19 on the cam drive frame to guide the cam follower 17 to perform reciprocating linear motion in the horizontal direction (lateral vibration).

[0025] The compound motion cam mechanism includes a unidirectional motion cam mechanism and an oblique groove cylindrical cam driving mechanism, wherein the oblique groove cylindrical cam driving mechanism includes an oblique groove cylindrical cam 24, a 6001 vertical seat bearing 27, an L-shaped cam baffle 28, an internal and external tooth adapter reducing screw 36 and a coupling 35. The oblique groove cylindrical cam 24 is fixed on the cam vibration fixing plate 11 (limiting the axial motion range of the oblique groove cam 24) through the 6001 vertical seat bearing 27 and the L-shaped cam baffle 28. The cam vibration fixing plate 11 and the L-shaped cam The indexing pin spiral plunger 19 is fixed between the wheel baffle 28, and the cam follower 17 is connected to the bevel cam 24 through the internal and external tooth adapter reducer screw 36 and the coupling (35). The cylindrical cam 16 drives the cam follower 17 and the bevel cam 24 to perform reciprocating linear motion. At the same time, the bevel groove of the indexing pin knob plunger 19 and the bevel groove cylindrical cam 24 cooperate to make the bevel groove cam rotate at a certain angle when feeding or retreating, that is, drive the lower row of wire spreading rollers to swing (this rotation angle is related to the diameter of the bevel groove cam and the inclination angle of the bevel groove).

[0026] In one embodiment, the indexing pin fixed plate 18 is connected to the cam vibration fixed plate 11 via a miniature linear track 13. The indexing pin knob plunger 19 is embedded in a groove. The cam follower 17 engages with the plunger 19 via a screw pair. A servo motor drives the cylindrical cam 16 to rotate at a frequency of 0-20 Hz. The compound motion cam mechanism incorporates a 50 mm diameter cylindrical cam with a 20° angle between the surface bevel and the axis. The cam is secured by a 6001 vertical seated bearing 27 and an L-shaped cam baffle 28. The indexing pin spiral plunger 19 cooperates with the bevel to achieve a combined swing and linear motion of the lower roller group.

[0027] In this embodiment, the upper spread roller assembly consists of three long, ceramic-coated rollers 34, each 25 mm in diameter and 300 mm long. Their ends are slidably connected to the linear optical axis guide rails 7 of the upper spread roller assembly mounting plate via electromagnetic clutches. The mounting plate is connected to the cam follower 17 via a position-controlled threaded block 29, which adjusts the horizontal vibration displacement to its initial position. The lower spread roller assembly consists of two short rollers 33, 25 mm in diameter and 160 mm long, fixed to an aluminum alloy curved mounting plate 20. The curved mounting plate 20 is rigidly connected to the vibration shaft 25 via bolts. The end of the vibration shaft is linked to the skewed cam 24, with a preset swing angle of ±15°. The position adjustment module adjusts the horizontal vibration displacement of the upper row roller group to a range of ±100 mm with a positioning accuracy of ±0.1 mm by controlling the position threaded block 29; the linear optical axis guide 7 adjusts the spacing between the upper and lower rows of rollers to 300 mm, and the digital scale assists in precise positioning; the steel plate bearing adjustment seat adjusts the vertical position of the lower row of rollers to 150 mm, and the scale on the arch-shaped vertical mounting plate 10 ensures adjustment consistency.

[0028] During operation, the carbon fiber bundle is drawn from the filament guide assembly and passes sequentially through the upper and lower rollers in an S-shaped path. When the servo motor is activated, the cylindrical cam 16 rotates at a frequency of 15 Hz, driving the upper roller group in horizontal reciprocating vibration with an amplitude of 20 mm. The synchronous rotation of the skewed cam 24 drives the short roller 33 of the lower roller group in a compound motion with an oscillation angle of ±15°, forming a symmetrical tension field with a phase difference of 180° with the upper roller group. The PLC controller presets optimized carbon fiber parameters: amplitude of 20 mm, frequency of 15 Hz, oscillation angle of ±15°, and roller speed of 200 rpm. A fiber tension sensor monitors tension fluctuations in real time. When local tension exceeds the limit, it automatically reduces the amplitude to 18 mm and the oscillation angle to ±12°. An electromagnetic clutch switches roller modes. In rotating mode, the rollers rotate freely to reduce friction damage. In fixed mode, a mechanical latch locks the rollers to lift the normal load. The clutch response time of 18 ms ensures seamless switching.

[0029] Under conditions of an amplitude of 20 mm and a frequency of 15 Hz, a carbon fiber bundle with an initial width of 6 mm expanded to 24 mm, a width expansion ratio of 4 times, and a uniformity standard deviation of 0.18 mm, significantly better than the 0.5 mm deviation of conventional equipment. The three-dimensional position adjustment module precisely controls the wrap angle and contact pressure, reducing the slip rate between fiber layers by 40%. The fiber breakage rate is 2.8% in rotational mode and 4.5% in fixed mode, far lower than the 8% of conventional equipment. The surface roughness of the ceramic-coated roller is Ra ≤ 0.05 μm, effectively reducing frictional heat accumulation. After replacing the bevel cam (bevel angle 25°) and adjusting the frequency to 18 Hz, the carbon fiber bundle with an initial width of 6 mm expanded to 28 mm, a width expansion ratio of 4.6 times, and a uniformity standard deviation of 0.22 mm. At the same time, this device can be adapted to various types of fibers, including carbon fiber (6 K / 12 K), glass fiber (S2), and aramid fiber. The diffusion width adjustment ranges are 6-30 mm (maximum width ratio 5 times), 8-25 mm (maximum width ratio 4.1 times), and 6-15 mm (maximum width ratio 5 times).

[0030] This invention utilizes a servo motor-driven composite cam mechanism, integrating the 180° phase-shifted reciprocating linear motion of the upper and lower rollers with the independent oscillation of the lower rollers. This creates a dynamic alternating tension field, significantly improving fiber stretching uniformity. The device utilizes a modular frame design and incorporates multi-degree-of-freedom position adjustment modules (X / Y / Z axes) to precisely control the rollers' three-dimensional position (accuracy ±0.1 mm), adapting to the processing requirements of fibers of varying fineness and strength. A rotating / fixed mode switching mechanism uses an electromagnetic clutch to instantly switch roller states. In rotating mode, friction damage is reduced (fiber breakage rate <3%), while in fixed mode, static friction is used to enhance stretching. The composite cam drive, combined with parametric control (frequency 0-20 Hz, amplitude 10-30 mm, oscillation angle ±5°-30°), overcomes the limitations of conventional equipment, which suffer from a single motion mode and rigid adjustment. Experimental results show that the carbon fiber stretching ratio reaches 3-5 times, with a uniformity deviation of <0.2 mm. The equipment combines simplified structure, high-precision control and strong compatibility. It is suitable for low-damage, high-efficiency yarn processing of high-performance composite materials in aerospace, automotive and other fields, providing an innovative solution for the production of high-performance fiber-reinforced materials.

Claims

1. A cam-driven multi-directional adjustable composite motion fiber spreading device, characterized by: The invention comprises a frame, a unidirectional motion cam mechanism, a compound motion cam mechanism, an upper row of wire spreading rollers, a lower row of wire spreading rollers, a position adjustment module, and a rotation fixed mode switching mechanism; the frame comprises a convex horizontal mounting base plate (1), a B-type mounting side plate (9) and an arch-type vertical mounting plate (10); an open linear guide module is integrated on the upper surface of the convex horizontal mounting base plate (1); the convex horizontal mounting base plate (1), the B-type mounting side plate (9) and the arch-type vertical mounting plate (10) are fixed to form a gantry structure, which greatly ensures the integrity of the whole machine. The upper row of wire spreading rollers comprises at least three parallel long rollers (34), an upper row of wire spreading rollers mounting plate (6), an upper row of wire spreading rollers mounting base plate (5), an optical axis guide rail (7) and a position control thread block (29), both ends of the long rollers (34) are connected to the optical axis guide rail (7), the upper row of wire spreading rollers mounting base plate (5) is connected to a one-way motion cam mechanism through a position control thread block (29), and the one-way motion cam mechanism drives the upper row of wire spreading rollers to perform horizontal reciprocating linear motion, and the motion frequency range is 0-20 Hz, the stroke amplitude is dynamically adjusted by the cam eccentricity of the unidirectional motion cam mechanism; the lower row of wire spreading roller group includes an arc-shaped mounting plate (20), a vibration shaft (25) and at least two short rollers (33) arranged in parallel, the arc-shaped mounting plate (20) is two symmetrical structures, the vibration shaft (25) and the short roller (33) are installed between the two arc-shaped mounting plates, the composite motion cam mechanism is connected to the vibration shaft (25), and the composite motion cam mechanism drives the short roller (33) on the arc-shaped mounting plate (20) to perform a composite motion of swinging and reciprocating linear motion through the vibration shaft (25), and the swing angle range is 5°-30°; the position adjustment module includes an X-axis adjustment mechanism, a Y-axis adjustment mechanism and a Z-axis adjustment mechanism; the rotation fixed mode switching mechanism includes an electromagnetic clutch, a mechanical buckle and a servo drive module, when the electromagnetic clutch is energized, the short roller is released and the servo drive module drives the short roller to rotate, and the speed range is adjustable from 0 to 500 rpm, and the short roller is locked by the mechanical buckle when the power is off.

2. The cam-driven multi-directional adjustable composite motion fiber spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are four B-shaped vertical mounting side panels (9), and two arch-shaped vertical mounting panels (10). One arch-shaped vertical mounting panel and two B-shaped vertical mounting side panels form a "["-shaped left arch side frame, and the remaining arch-shaped vertical mounting panel and two B-shaped vertical mounting side panels form a "]"-shaped right arch side frame. The left arch side frame and the right arch side frame are fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the convex horizontal mounting base plate (1) in a symmetrical structure. The front and rear sides of the convex horizontal mounting base plate (1) protrude from between the left arch side frame and the right arch side frame to form front and rear protruding ear panels.

3. The cam-driven multi-directional adjustable composite motion fiber spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unidirectional motion cam mechanism comprises a cylindrical cam (16), a cam follower (17), a cam drive frame, a cam vibration fixing plate (11), an indexing pin fixing plate (18), a micro linear track module and a 6201 vertical seat bearing (15). The cylindrical cam (16) is a cylinder with a curved groove on the cylindrical surface. The micro linear track module comprises a micro linear track (13) and a micro linear slider (14). The 6201 vertical seat bearing axially fixes the cylindrical cam (16) on the cam vibration fixing plate (11). The indexing pin fixing plate (18) connects the cam follower (17) and the indexing pin knob plunger (19) to the micro linear slider (14) through a screw pair. When the cylindrical cam (16) rotates, the rotating groove on the cylindrical cam (16) drives the indexing pin knob plunger (19) and the cam follower (17) to perform linear reciprocating motion along the direction of the micro linear track (13).

4. The cam-driven multi-directional adjustable composite motion fiber spreading device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composite motion cam mechanism comprises a unidirectional motion cam mechanism and an oblique groove cylindrical cam driving mechanism, wherein the oblique groove cylindrical cam driving mechanism comprises an oblique groove cylindrical cam (24), a 6001 vertical seat bearing (27), an L-shaped cam baffle (28), an internal and external tooth transfer reducing screw (36) and a coupling (35), wherein the oblique groove cylindrical cam (24) is fixed on a cam vibration fixing plate (11) through the 6001 vertical seat bearing (27) and the L-shaped cam baffle (28), and the cam vibration fixing plate (11) The indexing pin spiral plunger (19) is fixed between the L-shaped cam baffle (28), and the cam follower (17) is connected to the bevel cam (24) through the internal and external tooth adapter reducer screw (36) and the coupling (35). The cylindrical cam (16) drives the cam follower (17) and the bevel cam (24) to perform reciprocating linear motion. At the same time, the indexing pin knob plunger (19) cooperates with the bevel groove of the bevel cylindrical cam (24) to cause the bevel cam to rotate at a certain angle when feeding or retreating, that is, to drive the lower row of wire spreading rollers to swing.

5. The cam-driven multi-directional adjustable composite motion fiber spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-axis adjustment mechanism includes an open linear guide module, the Y-axis adjustment mechanism includes a linear optical axis guide module, and the Z-axis adjustment mechanism includes an open linear guide module. The linear optical axis guide module includes an optical axis guide rail (7), an optical axis locking slider (8), an optical axis seat (2) and an anti-collision pad. The open linear guide module includes an open rail (3) and an open self-locking slider (4).

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