Composite temperature control rotary drum testing device for simulating flowing of granular material and use method of composite temperature control rotary drum testing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite temperature control rotary drum testing device for simulating granular material flow and a using method thereof, and relates to the field of geological engineering, and the composite temperature control rotary drum testing device comprises a testing box which is used for providing a testing space and controlling the testing temperature; the roller is rotationally arranged in the test box and is used for accommodating a granular material; the rotation driving assembly is used for driving the roller to rotate in the axial direction of the roller; the terrain simulation module is arranged on the roller and is used for simulating the geological morphology of the granular material; the sensing module is used for collecting a flow parameter, a temperature parameter and a mechanical parameter of the granular material; and a control module. According to the method, the relative stability of the form of the ice-rock mixed particles in the test process can be simulated and maintained, the efficiency of collecting the behavior rule related parameters of the particle materials under the complex condition is improved, and the effectiveness of behavior rule research of the particle materials in the complex environment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of geological engineering, and in particular to a composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of rapid global climate change, geological hazards caused by multiphase particle mixtures in low-temperature environments, such as ice and rock avalanches, glacial lake outbursts, and glacial debris flows, are becoming increasingly prominent. These hazards not only pose a serious threat to human safety but also cause significant damage to the ecological environment. Statistics show that over the past 20 years, slope instability and large-scale rapid particle movement in steep mountainous areas, caused by glacial melting and permafrost degradation, have become frequent, resulting in significant casualties and property losses. Therefore, in-depth research on the behavior of particle mixtures in extremely complex environments is of great significance for predicting and preventing geological hazards.

[0003] Currently, rotating drum testers are key experimental platforms for studying the flow characteristics of granular materials and multiphase flow dynamics. Their core function is to simulate the behavior of granular flows in dynamic environments through controlled rotational motion, enabling long-term, high-precision observation and analysis of flow characteristics. However, traditional rotating drum testers struggle to meet the demands of complex environments, such as simulating ice-rock mixtures in glacial trenches or moraine ridges at low temperatures. This reduces the effectiveness of research on the behavior of granular materials in complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned related technologies, the present application provides a composite temperature-controlled rotating drum test device for simulating the flow of granular materials and a method for using the same. The present application broadens the temperature range of simulating the flow of granular materials through the test box, and expands the diversity of the terrain for simulating the flow of granular materials through the terrain simulation module, especially simulating the morphology of ice-rock mixed particles (glacial grooves, moraine ridges) in low-temperature environments, which is conducive to maintaining the relative stability of the morphology of ice-rock mixed particles during the test. The sensing module and the control module detect and collect various parameters in the simulated complex environment. The overall device meets the needs of complex environments, improves the efficiency of collecting parameters related to the behavior laws of granular materials in complex situations, and improves the effectiveness of research on the behavior laws of granular materials in complex environments. In the first aspect, the present application provides a composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials, which adopts the following technical solutions: A composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials, comprising: Test chamber, used to provide test space and control test temperature; a drum, rotatably disposed in the test box and used to contain granular materials; A rotation drive assembly, used for driving the drum to rotate along its axial direction; A terrain simulation module, provided on the drum, for simulating the geological topography of the granular material; A sensing module is used to collect flow parameters, temperature parameters and mechanical parameters of granular materials; The control module is connected to the rotation drive component, the terrain simulation module and the sensor module via wired / wireless means, and is used to output signals to control the rotation drive component and the terrain simulation module and receive and store parameters output by the sensor module.

[0005] Preferably, a plurality of clearance holes are provided on the inner wall of the drum, and the terrain simulation module includes an elastic simulation cylinder coaxially arranged on the inner side of the drum, a sleeve coaxially arranged on the outer side of the drum, a push block embedded in the clearance hole, and a linear drive member for driving the push block to move radially along the drum. The linear drive member is arranged on the sleeve, and its working end passes through the drum and is connected to the push block.

[0006] Preferably, a plurality of said clearance hole arrays are distributed on the inner wall of said drum.

[0007] Preferably, a plurality of first magnetic members are embedded on the inner wall of the drum, a second magnetic member for connecting with the first magnetic member is embedded in the elastic simulation cylinder, and the first magnetic members and the clearance holes are arranged in an alternating manner.

[0008] Preferably, the clearance hole is stepped along its radial direction, and the inner diameter of one end of the clearance hole close to the elastic simulation cylinder is larger than the inner diameter of the other end. When the end of the push block away from the elastic simulation cylinder abuts against the stepped surface of the clearance hole, the end of the push block close to the elastic simulation cylinder is flush with the inner wall of the drum.

[0009] By adopting the above scheme, when terrain simulation is required, the linear drive member is regulated by the control module to drive the push blocks at different positions to move toward the elastic simulation cylinder according to the preset size. The elastic simulation cylinder is elastically deformed by the push of the push blocks. The array formed by the multiple push blocks combined with the suction force of the first magnetic member and the second magnetic member jointly drive the elastic simulation cylinder to form an undulating shape. The specific degree of undulation can be simulated according to the actual glacial grooves, moraine ridges and other morphologies. The push blocks at different positions generate different displacement parameters and are input into the control module in advance, thereby realizing the simulation of different terrains and expanding the diversity of the terrain for simulating the flow of granular materials.

[0010] Preferably, the rotation drive assembly includes a rotation drive member, a coupling and a transmission shaft which are sequentially connected and arranged on the test box. A connecting plate is coaxially fixed to one end of the roller close to the transmission shaft. One end of the transmission shaft is fixed to the coupling, and the other end passes through the test box and is coaxially fixed to the connecting plate.

[0011] Preferably, a sealing plate is coaxially fixed to the end of the roller away from the connecting plate, and sealing rings that abut against the roller are provided on the plate surfaces of the sealing plate and the connecting plate that are close to each other. A snap-fit ​​ring groove is provided at the end of the sealing ring close to the roller, and the roller and the end of the elastic simulation tube are inserted into the snap-fit ​​ring groove.

[0012] Preferably, the sensing module includes a displacement sensor for detecting the thickness of the granular material, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the granular material, a high-speed camera for capturing the migration trajectory of the granular material, a pressure sensor for detecting the normal stress on the inner wall of the drum, a shear load sensor for detecting the shear stress on the inner wall of the drum, and a pore water pressure sensor for detecting the pore water pressure of the granular material. The displacement sensor, temperature sensor and high-speed camera are fixed on the connecting plate, the pressure sensor, shear load sensor and pore water pressure sensor are fixed on the inner wall of the drum, and the working end of the pore water pressure sensor passes through the elastic simulation cylinder and extends into the granular material.

[0013] Preferably, the test box includes a base plate, a box body covered on the base plate, a temperature control device, an air inlet duct and a return air duct, the air inlet duct connects the air outlet of the temperature control device and the box body, and the return air duct connects the air inlet of the temperature control device and the box body.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for using a composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials, which employs the following technical solutions: A method for using a composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials is characterized in that it includes the following steps: preparing a sample from granular materials, setting a target temperature of a test box, controlling a terrain simulation module through a control module to adjust the simulated terrain, controlling a rotating drive component to start idling the drum, recording various parameters of a sensor module and verifying the stability of the sensor module signal, placing the sample in the drum, setting the drum speed gradient and the number of continuous rotations for each speed group through the control module, the control module receiving and storing the output parameters of the sensor module, and stopping the experiment after the preset conditions are met.

[0015] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: This application broadens the temperature range of simulating the flow of granular materials through the test box, and expands the diversity of the terrain of simulating the flow of granular materials through the terrain simulation module, especially simulating the ice-rock mixed particle morphology (glacier grooves, moraine ridges) in a low-temperature environment, which is conducive to maintaining the relative stability of the morphology of the ice-rock mixed particles during the test. The sensing module and the control module detect and collect various parameters in the simulated complex environment. The overall device meets the needs of complex environments, improves the efficiency of collecting parameters related to the behavior laws of granular materials under complex conditions, and improves the effectiveness of research on the behavior laws of granular materials in complex environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Example 1 of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram for illustrating the internal structure of the box in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of Example 1 of the present application for illustrating the internal structure of the sleeve; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of Example 1 of the present application for illustrating the internal structure of the sleeve; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of Example 1 of the present application used to illustrate the sensor module.

[0017] Figure numerals: 1. roller; 2. control module; 3. test box; 31. bottom plate; 32. box body; 33. temperature control device; 34. air inlet duct; 35. return air duct; 4. rotation drive assembly; 41. rotation drive member; 42. reducer; 43. coupling; 44. transmission shaft; 5. operating door; 6. observation window; 7. mounting seat; 8. sensor module; 81. displacement sensor; 82. high-speed camera; 83. temperature sensor; 84. pore water pressure sensor; 85. pressure sensor; 86. shear load sensor; 9. terrain simulation module; 91. elastic simulation cylinder; 92. sleeve; 93. push block; 94. linear drive member; 10. connecting plate; 11. clearance hole; 12. sealing plate; 13. sealing ring; 14. first magnetic member; 15. second magnetic member; 16. support wheel; 17. snap ring groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. In the following examples, if specific conditions are not specified, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The methods used are conventional methods well known in the art unless otherwise specified, and the consumables and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise indicated, the professional and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those familiar to those skilled in the art. In addition, any method or material similar to or equivalent to the described content may also be used in the present invention.

[0019] Example 1 Example 1 of the present application provides a composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials.

[0020] A composite temperature-controlled rotating drum test device for simulating the flow of granular materials, referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 , including a test box 3 for providing a test space and controlling the test temperature, a roller 1 rotatably arranged in the test box 3 for accommodating granular materials, a rotation drive component 4 for driving the roller 1 to rotate along its axial direction, a terrain simulation module 9 arranged on the roller 1 for simulating the geological morphology of the granular material, a sensor module 8 for collecting flow parameters, temperature parameters and mechanical parameters of the granular material, and a control module 2. The control module 2 is connected to the rotation drive component 4, the terrain simulation module 9 and the sensor module 8 by wired / wireless means at the same time, and is used to output signals to control the rotation drive component 4 and the terrain simulation module 9 and receive and store the parameters output by the sensor module 8. The test box 3 includes a bottom plate 31, a box body 32 covered on the bottom plate 31, a temperature control device 33 fixed on the bottom plate 31, an air inlet duct 34 and a return air duct 35. In the embodiment of the present application, the box body 32 adopts a double-layer stainless steel box body 32 structure with an interlayer filled with thermal insulation cotton. The temperature control device 33 is a commercially available ordinary air-cooled ultra-low temperature -20°C air cooler. The air cooler is electrically connected to the control module 2. The air inlet duct 34 connects the air cooler outlet and the bottom of the box body 32, and the return air duct 35 connects the air cooler inlet and the top of the box body 32. The air inlet duct 34 and the return air duct 35 are symmetrically arranged in two pieces. The cold air output by the air cooler is input from both sides of the top of the box body 32 and returns to the air cooler through the bottom return air duct 35, thereby realizing air circulation temperature control inside the box body 32. In other embodiments, the temperature control device 33 can also be a cooling and heating device such as a hot air blower or a high and low temperature all-in-one machine. An operating door 5 is hinged on the side of the box body 32 away from the air cooler, and an anti-condensation observation window 6 is installed on the operating door 5 (through a double-layer glass design, a transparent conductive film ITO is embedded in the interlayer, and the surface temperature is adjusted by a PID temperature control module to eliminate the problem of frosting on the observation window 6 in a low temperature environment).

[0021] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The drum 1 is rotatably arranged in the box body 32. In this application, the diameter of the drum 1 is 1800 mm and the width in the axial direction is 545 mm. A mounting seat 7 is fixed on the bottom plate 31 at a position outside the box body 32. A rotation drive assembly 4 for driving the drum 1 to rotate along its axial direction is fixed on the mounting seat 7. The rotation drive assembly 4 includes a rotation drive member 41, a reducer 42, a coupling 43 and a transmission shaft 44 connected in sequence. In the embodiment of the present application, the rotation drive member 41 is a 5.5 kW servo motor (rated speed 3000 r / min). The servo motor is fixed on the mounting seat 7 and electrically connected to the control module 2. Its output end is connected to the reducer 42. The output shaft of the reducer 42 is coaxially fixed to the transmission shaft 44 through the coupling 43. A connecting plate 10 is coaxially fixed to one end of the drum 1 close to the transmission shaft 44. One end of the transmission shaft 44 is fixed to the coupling 43, and the other end passes through the test box 3 and is coaxially fixed to the connecting plate 10.

[0022] Reference Figure 3 The inner wall of the drum 1 is provided with a plurality of clearance holes 11. The terrain simulation module 9 comprises an elastic simulation cylinder 91 coaxially arranged on the inner side of the drum 1, a sleeve 92 coaxially arranged on the outer side of the drum 1, a push block 93 embedded in the clearance hole 11, and a linear drive member 94 for driving the push block 93 to move radially along the drum 1. The sleeve 92 is fixedly connected to the drum 1 via a connecting plate 10. The elastic simulation cylinder 91 is made of polyurethane material. In the embodiment of the present application, the linear drive member 94 is an electric push rod fixed to the inner wall of the sleeve 92. The electric push rod has a built-in encoder that feeds back position signals to the control module 2. The working end of the electric push rod passes through the drum 1 and is connected to the push block 93.

[0023] Reference Figure 3 Furthermore, to balance the complexity of terrain simulation and the significance of terrain undulations, a plurality of clearance holes 11 are arranged in an array on the inner wall of the drum 1. In the embodiment of the present application, there are three groups of clearance holes 11 distributed axially along the drum 1 and eight groups distributed circumferentially. That is, the corresponding push blocks 93 are distributed in a 3×8 array on the drum 1. The spacing between adjacent push blocks 93 along the axial direction of the drum 1 is 136.25 mm, and the spacing between adjacent push blocks 93 along the circumference of the drum 1 is 706.5 mm. Each push block 93 is independently adjusted by an electric push rod. In addition, the end of the push block 93 close to the elastic simulation cylinder 91 is in an arc shape, and its outer arc surface is arranged toward the elastic simulation cylinder 91. On the one hand, this improves the continuity of the contact position when multiple push blocks 93 simultaneously push the elastic simulation cylinder 91 to deform. On the other hand, it reduces the stress when the push block 93 abuts against the elastic simulation cylinder 91 to avoid damage to the elastic simulation cylinder 91.

[0024] Reference Figure 3Furthermore, the clearance hole 11 is stepped along its radial direction, with the inner diameter of the end of the clearance hole 11 closest to the elastic simulation cylinder 91 being larger than the inner diameter of the other end. When the end of the push block 93 away from the elastic simulation cylinder 91 abuts the stepped surface of the clearance hole 11, the end of the push block 93 closer to the elastic simulation cylinder 91 is flush with the inner wall of the drum 1. When simulating flat terrain, the push block 93 is driven back into the clearance hole 11, with one end abutting the stepped surface and the other end flush with the inner wall of the drum 1, to prevent deformation of the elastic simulation cylinder 91.

[0025] Reference Figure 3 In order to facilitate the fixing of the elastic simulation cylinder 91 on the drum 1, a plurality of first magnetic members 14 are embedded on the inner wall of the drum 1, and a second magnetic member 15 for connecting with the first magnetic member 14 is embedded in the elastic simulation cylinder 91. The first magnetic member 14 and the clearance hole 11 are arranged alternately. In the embodiment of the present application, the first magnetic member 14 and the second magnetic member 15 are both configured as magnet sheets, and the two are connected by the attraction of opposite poles of the magnets. Furthermore, in order to balance the deformation amplitude of the elastic simulation cylinder 91 and the suction force of the magnet sheet, the higher the magnetic property of the magnet sheet, the better, and the displacement range of the electric push rod driving the push block 93 is controlled within 0-30mm. On the one hand, it improves the stability of the connection between the elastic simulation cylinder 91 and the drum 1 when simulating the terrain, and on the other hand, it avoids as much as possible the elastic simulation cylinder 91 from being loosened or even damaged due to excessive deformation amplitude.

[0026] When simulating uneven terrain, the push blocks 93 at different positions are driven by electric push rods to move toward the elastic simulation cylinder 91 according to preset dimensions. The elastic simulation cylinder 91 is elastically deformed by the push of the push blocks 93. The array formed by multiple push blocks 93, combined with the suction force of the first magnetic component 14 and the second magnetic component 15, drives the elastic simulation cylinder 91 to form an undulating shape. The specific degree of undulation can be simulated according to the shape of grooves, ridges, and steps of actual glacial grooves, moraine ridges, etc. The push blocks 93 at different positions generate different displacement parameters, which are input into the control module 2 in advance, thereby realizing the simulation of different terrains and expanding the diversity of terrains for simulating the flow of granular materials.

[0027] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 A sealing plate 12 is coaxially fixed to the end of the drum 1 away from the connecting plate 10. Sealing rings 13 are provided on the surfaces of the sealing plate 12 and the connecting plate 10 that are adjacent to each other, and abut against the drum 1. A snap ring groove 17 is defined on the end of the sealing ring 13 that is adjacent to the drum 1. The drum 1 and the end of the elastic simulation cylinder 91 are inserted into the snap ring groove 17. The drum 1, connecting plate 10, and sealing plate 12 are fixed together by bolts.

[0028] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5The sensing module 8 includes a displacement sensor 81 for detecting the thickness of the granular material, a temperature sensor 83 for detecting the temperature of the granular material, a high-speed camera 82 for capturing the migration trajectory of the granular material, a pressure sensor 85 for detecting the normal stress on the inner wall of the drum 1, a shear load sensor 86 for detecting the shear stress on the inner wall of the drum 1, and a pore water pressure sensor 84 for detecting the pore water pressure of the granular material. A displacement sensor 81, a temperature sensor 83, and a high-speed camera 82 are fixed to the connecting plate 10. Two displacement sensors 81 are laser displacement sensors, symmetrically distributed along the connecting plate 10. The working end of the temperature sensor 83 extends into the granular material. A pressure sensor 85, a shear load sensor 86, and a pore water pressure sensor 84 are fixed to the inner wall of the drum 1. The pressure sensor 85 and the shear load sensor 86 measure the normal stress and shear stress distribution of the granular material on the elastic simulation cylinder 91, reflecting the dynamic changes in interfacial friction characteristics. The working end of the pore water pressure sensor 84 extends through the elastic simulation cylinder 91 into the granular material. Through its miniature probe-like structure (diameter ≤ 3 mm), the pore water pressure sensor 84 directly contacts the intergranular spaces, monitoring the dynamic changes in pore water pressure in the granular material in real time. Signals acquired by these sensors and the high-speed camera 82 are transmitted to the control module 2 for storage. This modular layout and collaborative measurement mechanism enhance the scalability of experimental functions and the reliability of data acquisition.

[0029] Reference Figure 2 In order to improve the stability of the drum 1, two support wheels 16 are rotatably connected to the bottom plate 31 at a position inside the box 32. The two support wheels 16 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axis of the drum 1. The rotation axis of the support wheels 16 is parallel to the axis of the drum 1, and the peripheral wall thereof abuts against the outer wall of the sleeve 92, thereby supporting the drum 1 through the sleeve 92, the connecting plate 10 and the sealing plate 12.

[0030] The specific implementation principle of a composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials in Example 1 of the present application is as follows: prepare a sample from granular materials, set the target temperature, control the cooling fan to start by the control module 2, control each electric push rod to push the corresponding push block 93 to move the required displacement parameters according to the target terrain through the control module 2, control the servo motor to start, drive the drum 1 to idle, record the various parameters of the sensor module 8 and verify the signal stability of the sensor module 8, place the sample in the drum 1, set the speed gradient of the drum 1 and the number of continuous rotations of each speed group through the control module 2, and start the servo motor when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 83 reaches the target temperature according to the set speed gradient of the drum 1 and the number of continuous rotations of each speed group. During this period, the control module 2 receives and stores the output parameters of the sensor module 8, and stops the experiment after the preset conditions are met.

[0031] Example 2 Example 2 of the present application provides a method for using a composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials, comprising the following steps: Sample preparation: The granular materials are uniformly mixed according to the target gradation. A certain mass of granular materials is weighed according to the test requirements, and pre-wetted and allowed to stand for 24 hours to obtain the sample. To ensure accurate and reliable test results, the maximum particle size is controlled to be less than 1 / 10 of the maximum flow height to avoid size effect interference. Idle calibration: Set the flat terrain through the control module 2, that is, the control module 2 controls the electric push rod to drive the push block 93 to move to the clearance hole 11, start the servo motor, idle the drum 1 at 5 rpm for two to three circles, record the average idling torque, and check the stability of each sensor signal to eliminate mechanical vibration interference; Sample loading and pre-shearing: Load the sample evenly into the drum 1, with the maximum loading height less than 1 / 2 of the radial thickness of the drum 1 cavity to prevent particle overflow. After the sample is installed, rotate it at a low speed of 1 rpm for 2 turns to allow the particles to naturally accumulate and evenly cover the elastic simulation cylinder 91. Simultaneously check for abnormal sensor response. Experimental setup and data acquisition: The rotating drum 1 speed gradient and the target number of continuous rotations for each speed group were set. The servo motor was started. The laser displacement sensor 81 monitored the change in particle flow thickness in real time. The pressure sensor 85 and shear load sensor 86 recorded the normal stress and shear stress distribution. A high-speed camera 82, combined with a lateral LED light source, captured the particle migration trajectory and simultaneously recorded data from the pore water pressure sensor 84. End of test and data analysis: After the preset conditions are met, the servo motor is turned off and the sample is quickly removed for moisture content calibration; the flow behavior of the wet particle flow is analyzed by combining sensor and image data.

[0032] The specific implementation principle of the method of using a roller 1 testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials in Example 2 of the present application is: controlling the electric push rod through the control module 2 to drive the push block 93 to move into the clearance hole 11 to simulate flat terrain and detect and analyze various parameters in the flow of wet granular materials.

[0033] Example 3 Example 3 of the present application provides a method for using a composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials, comprising the following steps: Sample preparation: Ice particles of designed size and rock chips were mixed in a target volume ratio and placed in a -20°C freezer for 4 hours to ensure stable cementation at the ice-rock interface. Low-temperature environment establishment: Set the target temperature (-20°C) and start the air cooler. Use the temperature sensor 83 to monitor the internal temperature of the drum 1 cavity in real time. Once the preset temperature level is reached, maintain the low-temperature environment for 30 minutes or more to avoid temperature fluctuations. Idle calibration: The glacial groove terrain is set through the control module 2. That is, the control module 2 controls the electric push rod to drive the push block 93 to move until the elastic simulation cylinder 91 is deformed to simulate the undulating shape of the glacial groove. The servo motor is started and the drum 1 is idled at 5 rpm for two to three turns. The average idling torque is recorded and the stability of each sensor signal is verified to eliminate mechanical vibration interference. Sample loading and pre-shearing: Load the sample evenly into the drum 1, with the maximum loading height less than 1 / 2 of the radial thickness of the drum 1 cavity to prevent particle overflow. After the sample is installed, rotate it at a low speed of 1 rpm for 2 turns to allow the particles to naturally accumulate and evenly cover the elastic simulation cylinder 91. Simultaneously check for abnormal sensor response. Experimental setup and data acquisition: The speed gradient of the rotating drum 1 and the target number of continuous rotations for each speed group were set. The servo motor was activated when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 83 reached -20°C. The laser displacement sensor 81 monitored the change in particle flow thickness in real time. The pressure sensor 85 and shear load sensor 86 recorded the normal stress and shear stress distribution. A high-speed camera 82, combined with a lateral LED light source, captured the particle migration trajectory and simultaneously recorded data from the pore water pressure sensor 84. End of the test and data analysis: After the preset conditions are met, the servo motor and air cooler are turned off, and samples are quickly collected for particle analysis. The flow behavior of the ice-rock mixture in the glacial trench environment is analyzed by combining sensor and image data.

[0034] The specific implementation principle of the method for using a composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials in Example 3 of the present application is: the glacial groove terrain is set by the control module 2, that is, the control module 2 controls the electric push rod to drive the push block 93 to move to push the elastic simulation cylinder 91 to deform, so as to simulate the undulating shape of the glacial groove, and detect and analyze various parameters in the flow of the ice-rock mixture under the glacial groove terrain and -20°C complex environmental conditions.

[0035] The specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present application and are not limitations of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the embodiments as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A composite temperature-controlled rotating drum test device for simulating the flow of granular materials, characterized by: include: Test chamber, used to provide test space and control test temperature; a drum, rotatably disposed in the test box and used to contain granular materials; A rotation drive assembly, used for driving the drum to rotate along its axial direction; A terrain simulation module, provided on the drum, for simulating the geological topography of the granular material; A sensing module is used to collect flow parameters, temperature parameters and mechanical parameters of granular materials; The control module is connected to the rotation drive component, the terrain simulation module and the sensor module via wired / wireless means, and is used to output signals to control the rotation drive component and the terrain simulation module and receive and store parameters output by the sensor module.

2. A composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of clearance holes are provided on the inner wall of the drum. The terrain simulation module includes an elastic simulation cylinder coaxially arranged on the inner side of the drum, a sleeve coaxially arranged on the outer side of the drum, a push block embedded in the clearance hole, and a linear drive member for driving the push block to move radially along the drum. The linear drive member is arranged on the sleeve, and its working end passes through the drum and is connected to the push block.

3. The composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of the relief holes are arrayed on the inner wall of the drum.

4. The composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of first magnetic members are embedded on the inner wall of the drum, a second magnetic member for connecting with the first magnetic member is embedded in the elastic simulation cylinder, and the first magnetic members and the clearance holes are arranged in an alternating manner.

5. The composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clearance hole is stepped along its radial direction, and the inner diameter of one end of the clearance hole close to the elastic simulation cylinder is larger than the inner diameter of the other end. When the end of the push block away from the elastic simulation cylinder abuts against the stepped surface of the clearance hole, the end of the push block close to the elastic simulation cylinder is flush with the inner wall of the drum.

6. The composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotation drive assembly includes a rotation drive member, a reducer, a coupling and a transmission shaft which are sequentially connected and arranged on the test box. A connecting plate is coaxially fixed to one end of the roller close to the transmission shaft. One end of the transmission shaft is fixed to the coupling, and the other end passes through the test box and is coaxially fixed to the connecting plate.

7. The composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: A sealing plate is coaxially fixed to the end of the roller away from the connecting plate, and sealing rings that abut against the roller are provided on the plate surfaces of the sealing plate and the connecting plate that are close to each other. A snap ring groove is provided on the end of the sealing ring close to the roller, and the roller and the end of the elastic simulation tube are inserted into the snap ring groove.

8. The composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sensing module includes a displacement sensor for detecting the thickness of the granular material, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the granular material, a high-speed camera for capturing the migration trajectory of the granular material, a pressure sensor for detecting the normal stress on the inner wall of the drum, a shear load sensor for detecting the shear stress on the inner wall of the drum, and a pore water pressure sensor for detecting the pore water pressure of the granular material. The displacement sensor, temperature sensor and high-speed camera are fixed on the connecting plate, the pressure sensor, shear load sensor and pore water pressure sensor are fixed on the inner wall of the drum, and the working end of the pore water pressure sensor passes through the elastic simulation cylinder and extends into the granular material.

9. The composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test box includes a bottom plate, a box body covered on the bottom plate, a temperature control device, an air inlet duct and a return air duct. The air inlet duct connects the air outlet of the temperature control device and the box body, and the return air duct connects the air inlet of the temperature control device and the box body.

10. A method for using the composite temperature-controlled rotating drum testing device for simulating the flow of granular materials according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Prepare samples from granular materials, set the target temperature of the test chamber, control the terrain simulation module through the control module to adjust the simulated terrain, control the rotation drive component to start the drum idling, record the various parameters of the sensor module and verify the stability of the sensor module signal, place the sample in the drum, set the drum speed gradient and the number of continuous rotations for each speed group through the control module, the control module receives and stores the output parameters of the sensor module, and stops the experiment when the preset conditions are met.

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