Self-adaptive control shell of lead-acid battery and control method of self-adaptive control shell

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of lead-acid batteries, and particularly discloses a lead-acid battery self-adaptive control shell and a control method thereof.The method comprises the steps that a density sensor collects electrolyte density data in real time, and when it is detected that density fluctuation exceeds + / -0.02 g / cm < 3 >, a trigger signal is sent to a control module; the control module starts an electrolyte circulation assembly according to the density deviation value, and closed circulation is carried out at the flow of 50-100 mL / min; the control module synchronously calculates the adjustment amount of the distance between the electrodes, and the distance between the positive plate group and the negative plate group is adjusted to a preset optimal working interval of 1.5-3mm through a driving motor 802; the temperature and humidity sensor is combined to dynamically adjust the cooling liquid temperature of the electrolyte circulating assembly, so that the electrolyte temperature and the density parameter form cooperative control; the electrolyte density, temperature, humidity, mechanical protection and other parameters are subjected to coupling control, the defect that a traditional shell can only adjust a single environment parameter is overcome, and synchronization of electrode distance adjustment and cavity deformation compensation is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the lead-acid battery industry, in particular to a lead-acid battery adaptive control shell and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Lead-acid batteries, a chemical power source widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage devices, backup power supplies, and other fields, have their performance and service life significantly affected by factors such as ambient temperature and humidity. In different operating environments, excessively high temperatures can intensify chemical reactions within the battery, accelerating plate corrosion and electrolyte evaporation, reducing battery capacity and lifespan. Excessively low temperatures increase electrolyte viscosity and slow ion migration, leading to reduced charge and discharge efficiency and even starting problems. Furthermore, when humidity levels are unsuitable, excessively high humidity can cause rust on the battery casing and internal metal components, impacting conductivity and structural stability. Excessively low humidity can cause water loss within the battery, disrupting the electrolyte balance and affecting normal battery operation.

[0003] Currently, most of the lead-acid battery casings commonly found on the market are fixed structures that only have basic physical protection functions, such as dustproofing and waterproofing, and are unable to adaptively adjust the battery's operating environment in real time according to changes in ambient temperature and humidity. Although some casings are equipped with simple heat dissipation holes or insulation layers, this passive adjustment method has obvious drawbacks. For example, the heat dissipation holes will cause heat to dissipate too quickly when the ambient temperature is low, and the insulation layer cannot effectively dissipate heat when the temperature is too high. In addition, neither can accurately control the humidity. Therefore, how to design a lead-acid battery casing that can sense environmental changes in real time and automatically adjust the internal temperature and humidity to improve the performance and service life of the lead-acid battery has become a technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a lead-acid battery adaptive control housing and a control method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A lead-acid battery adaptive control housing, comprising a base and a housing body, characterized in that a cavity for accommodating the lead-acid battery is formed within the housing body, a movably connected cover is provided on the top of the housing body, a temperature and humidity sensor is provided on the housing body, a temperature and humidity control assembly coupled to the temperature and humidity sensor is provided within the housing body, and a positive plate group and a negative plate group, an electrolyte density adjustment device, and a control module are provided within the housing body;

[0007] The electrolyte density adjustment device includes a density sensor, an electrode spacing adjustment component and an electrolyte circulation component;

[0008] The density sensor is arranged in the electrolyte in the cavity and is used to detect the density of the electrolyte in real time;

[0009] The electrode spacing adjustment assembly includes a laterally movable fixed plate and a drive motor. The drive motor is electrically connected to the control module and fixedly connected to the interior of the housing. One end of the fixed plate is connected to the drive motor, and the other end is connected to the positive plate group. The drive motor adjusts the spacing between the positive plate group and the negative plate group through the fixed plate.

[0010] The electrolyte circulation assembly includes a micro pump and a diversion pipe. The diversion pipe is arranged around the positive plate group and the negative plate group 7. The micro pump is used to drive the electrolyte to circulate in the pipe according to the instructions of the control module.

[0011] The control module is electrically connected to the temperature and humidity sensor and the electrolyte density adjustment device, and synchronously controls the electrode spacing and electrolyte circulation based on the density sensor signal;

[0012] A lead-acid battery adaptive control method comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1: The density sensor collects electrolyte density data in real time. When it detects that the density fluctuation exceeds ±0.02g / cm 3 When , a trigger signal is sent to the control module;

[0014] S2: The control module starts the electrolyte circulation component according to the density deviation value and performs closed circulation at a flow rate of 50-100 mL / min until the density uniformity is greater than 95%;

[0015] S3: The control module synchronously calculates the electrode spacing adjustment amount and adjusts the spacing between the positive plate group and the negative plate group to the preset optimal working range of 1.5-3mm through the drive motor;

[0016] S4: In combination with the temperature and humidity sensor 5, the coolant temperature of the electrolyte circulation component is dynamically adjusted so that the electrolyte temperature and density parameters are coordinated and controlled.

[0017] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: coupling the electrolyte density with parameters such as temperature, humidity, and mechanical protection to solve the defect that the traditional shell can only adjust a single environmental parameter. Through the stress conduction structure of the shape memory alloy inner shell, the electrode spacing adjustment and cavity deformation compensation are synchronized, avoiding sealing failure or pressure imbalance caused by changes in the internal structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lead-acid battery adaptive control housing in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic top view of the structure of a lead-acid battery adaptive control housing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the partial perspective structure at point A in the middle.

[0021] Figure 4 Flowchart of a lead-acid battery adaptive control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1-base, 2-housing body, 3-cover, 4-electrolyte circulation assembly, 5-temperature and humidity sensor, 6-positive plate group, 7-negative plate group, 8-electrode spacing adjustment assembly, 801-fixed plate, 802-drive motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a lead-acid battery adaptive control housing includes a base 1 and a housing body 2, characterized in that a cavity for accommodating the lead-acid battery is formed inside the housing body 2, a movably connected cover plate 3 is provided on the top of the housing body 2, a temperature and humidity sensor 5 is provided on the housing body 2, a temperature and humidity control assembly coupled to the temperature and humidity sensor 5 is provided inside the housing body 2, and a positive plate group 6 and a negative plate group 7, an electrolyte density adjustment device and a control module are provided inside the housing body 2;

[0025] The electrolyte density adjustment device includes a density sensor, an electrode spacing adjustment component 8 and an electrolyte circulation component 4;

[0026] The density sensor is arranged in the electrolyte in the cavity and is used to detect the density of the electrolyte in real time;

[0027] The electrode spacing adjustment assembly 8 includes a laterally movable fixed plate 801 and a drive motor 802. The drive motor 802 is electrically connected to the control module and fixedly connected to the interior of the housing body 2. One end of the fixed plate 801 is connected to the drive motor 802, and the other end is connected to the positive plate group 6. The drive motor 802 adjusts the spacing between the positive plate group 6 and the negative plate group 7 through the fixed plate 801.

[0028] The electrolyte circulation assembly 4 includes a micro pump and a diversion pipe. The diversion pipe is arranged around the positive plate group 6 and the negative plate group 7. The micro pump is used to drive the electrolyte to circulate in the pipe according to the instructions of the control module.

[0029] The control module is electrically connected to the temperature and humidity sensor 5 and the electrolyte density adjustment device, and synchronously controls the electrode spacing and electrolyte circulation based on the density sensor signal; the control module adopts an STM32F407 microprocessor with an integrated storage unit to store preset thresholds: temperature 25±5°C, humidity 50±10%RH, hydrogen concentration <1%LEL, electrolyte density 1.24-1.30g / cm 3 , the plate spacing is 1.5-3mm.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention: the temperature and humidity control component includes: a nickel-chromium alloy heating resistance wire, a cooling fan, a heat sink, a semiconductor cooling sheet, and an ultrasonic humidifier;

[0031] The temperature sensor 5 collects the cavity temperature and humidity in real time. If the real-time temperature is less than 20°C (low temperature threshold), the control module issues an instruction to start the nickel-chromium alloy heating resistor wire; if it is greater than 30°C (high temperature threshold), the cooling fan is started to stabilize the temperature at 25±0.5°C; if the real-time humidity is less than 40%RH (low humidity threshold), the control module issues an instruction to start the ultrasonic humidifier; if it is greater than 60%RH (high humidity threshold), the semiconductor refrigeration chip is started to stabilize the humidity at 50±3%RH.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, an insulating sliding guide rail is provided on the bottom side of the housing body 2 , the bottom of the positive plate group 6 is connected to the insulating sliding guide rail, and the speed of the driving motor 802 is linearly positively correlated with the rate of change of the electrolyte density.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, a nano-scale filter membrane is provided on the inner wall of the flow guide pipe of the electrolyte circulation component 4 to intercept sulfide particles in the electrolyte, and a pressure sensor is provided at the outlet of the micro pump to feedback the circulation flow.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control module has a built-in multi-parameter coupling control algorithm. When it is detected that the electrolyte density deviates from the preset range (1.24-1.30 g / cm 3 ), synchronously perform the following operations:

[0035] Start the electrolyte circulation component to perform density equalization;

[0036] According to the density deviation value Δρ, adjust the electrode spacing according to the formula L=L0+k·Δρ;

[0037] Where L0 is the initial spacing, k is the adjustment coefficient;

[0038] The density sensor collects electrolyte density at a frequency of 1 Hz. If the fluctuation exceeds ±0.02 g / cm 3 (such as from 1.28g / cm 3 Down to 1.25g / cm 3 ), sends a trigger signal to the control module, which starts the micro pump to drive the electrolyte to circulate in the diversion pipe. The nanofiltration membrane on the inner wall of the pipe intercepts sulfide particles. If the deviation is greater than 10%, the pump speed is adjusted. The cycle continues until the density uniformity is greater than 95% (i.e., the density difference between any two points is less than 0.005g / cm 3 ), the control module calculates the density deviation Δρ=1.25-1.28=-0.03g / cm 3 The adjustment amount, L, is calculated using the formula L = L0 + k·Δρ. However, limited by the optimal plate spacing range (1.5-3mm), L is ultimately adjusted to 3mm. Drive motor 802 moves positive plate assembly 6 along the insulated guide rails. During this adjustment, the corrugated stress-conducting structure of the inner shell of housing body 2 undergoes 0.3mm of elastic deformation due to the temperature increase (heating of the circulating fluid to 45°C triggers the phase transformation of the shape memory alloy). This compensates for the 0.2mm volume change in the cavity caused by plate movement, maintaining stable internal pressure.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, the inner shell of the outer shell body 2 is made of shape memory alloy material, and the surface of the inner shell is distributed with a corrugated stress conduction structure linked to the electrode spacing adjustment mechanism. When the electrode spacing changes, the inner shell adjusts the internal cavity pressure synchronously through thermal deformation.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention, a lead-acid battery adaptive control method is provided, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0041] S1: The density sensor collects electrolyte density data in real time. When it detects that the density fluctuation exceeds ±0.02g / cm 3 When , a trigger signal is sent to the control module;

[0042] S2: The control module starts the electrolyte circulation component 4 according to the density deviation value, and performs closed circulation at a flow rate of 50-100 mL / min until the density uniformity is greater than 95%;

[0043] S3: The control module synchronously calculates the electrode spacing adjustment amount and adjusts the spacing between the positive plate group 6 and the negative plate group 7 to a preset optimal working range of 1.5-3 mm by driving the motor 802;

[0044] S4: In combination with the temperature and humidity sensor 5, the coolant temperature of the electrolyte circulation component 4 is dynamically adjusted so that the electrolyte temperature and density parameters are coordinated and controlled.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention: during the electrode spacing adjustment process, the control module synchronously monitors the battery terminal voltage change and uses a fuzzy PID algorithm to compensate and control the speed of the drive motor 802 to ensure that the battery internal resistance fluctuation during the adjustment process is less than 5%;

[0046] The battery terminal voltage and electrode spacing are monitored, with the goal of keeping internal resistance fluctuations within 5% of the initial internal resistance during adjustment. Dynamic internal resistance is calculated using the terminal voltage and real-time current. A fuzzy PID algorithm is used, with the internal resistance deviation and rate of change input. PID parameters are adjusted in real time using a two-dimensional fuzzy rule table and the Mamdani inference method. Combined with a dynamic speed limit mechanism, the drive motor speed is reduced during overshoot warnings and increased during steady-state to balance efficiency and stability. Before adjustment, the preset electrode spacing-internal resistance mapping table is read and the initial internal resistance is calculated. During adjustment, data is collected every 100ms to calculate the internal resistance, and the motor speed is adjusted accordingly. If the internal resistance fluctuation exceeds the limit, the speed limit is triggered and the differential effect is enhanced. After adjustment, internal resistance fluctuations are continuously monitored, and if overshoot occurs, the speed is reversed and the fault is investigated.

[0047] In summary, coupling the electrolyte density with parameters such as temperature, humidity, and mechanical protection solves the defect that traditional shells can only adjust a single environmental parameter. Through the stress conduction structure of the shape memory alloy inner shell, the electrode spacing adjustment and cavity deformation compensation are synchronized to avoid sealing failure or pressure imbalance caused by changes in the internal structure.

[0048] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A lead-acid battery adaptive control housing, comprising a base and a housing body, characterized in that: A cavity is formed inside the housing body for accommodating the lead-acid battery, a movably connected cover is provided on the top of the housing body, a temperature and humidity sensor is provided on the housing body, a temperature and humidity control assembly coupled to the temperature and humidity sensor is provided inside the housing body, and a positive plate group and a negative plate group, an electrolyte density adjustment device and a control module are provided inside the housing body; The electrolyte density adjustment device includes a density sensor, an electrode spacing adjustment component and an electrolyte circulation component; The density sensor is arranged in the electrolyte in the cavity and is used to detect the density of the electrolyte in real time; The electrode spacing adjustment assembly includes a laterally movable fixed plate and a drive motor. The drive motor is electrically connected to the control module and fixedly connected to the interior of the housing. One end of the fixed plate is connected to the drive motor, and the other end is connected to the positive plate group. The drive motor adjusts the spacing between the positive plate group and the negative plate group through the fixed plate. The electrolyte circulation assembly includes a micro pump and a guide pipe. The guide pipe is arranged around the positive plate group and the negative plate group. The micro pump is used to drive the electrolyte to circulate in the pipe according to the instructions of the control module. The control module is electrically connected to the temperature and humidity sensor and the electrolyte density adjustment device respectively, and synchronously controls the electrode spacing and electrolyte circulation based on the density sensor signal.

2. The lead-acid battery adaptive control housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity control component includes: Nickel-chromium alloy heating resistance wire, cooling fan, heat sink, semiconductor cooling sheet, ultrasonic humidifier.

3. The lead-acid battery adaptive control housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: An insulating sliding guide rail is provided on the bottom side of the shell body, the bottom of the positive plate group is connected to the insulating sliding guide rail, and the speed of the driving motor is linearly positively correlated with the rate of change of the electrolyte density.

4. The lead-acid battery adaptive control housing according to claim 2, characterized in that: A nanometer-scale filter membrane is provided on the inner wall of the flow guide pipe of the electrolyte circulation component to intercept sulfide particles in the electrolyte, and a pressure sensor is provided at the outlet end of the micro pump to feedback the circulation flow.

5. The lead-acid battery adaptive control housing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control module has a built-in multi-parameter coupling control algorithm. When it detects that the electrolyte density deviates from the preset range (1.24-1.30g / cm 3 ), synchronously perform the following operations: Start the electrolyte circulation component to perform density equalization; According to the density deviation value Δρ, adjust the electrode spacing according to the formula L=L0+k·Δρ; Where L0 is the initial spacing and k is the adjustment coefficient.

6. The lead-acid battery adaptive control housing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner shell of the outer shell body is made of shape memory alloy material. A corrugated stress conduction structure linked to the electrode spacing adjustment mechanism is distributed on the surface of the inner shell. When the electrode spacing changes, the inner shell synchronously adjusts the internal cavity pressure through thermal deformation.

7. A lead-acid battery adaptive control method, using the lead-acid battery adaptive control housing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The density sensor collects electrolyte density data in real time. When it detects that the density fluctuation exceeds ±0.02g / cm 3 When , a trigger signal is sent to the control module; S2: The control module starts the electrolyte circulation component according to the density deviation value and performs closed circulation at a flow rate of 50-100 mL / min until the density uniformity is greater than 95%; S3: The control module synchronously calculates the electrode spacing adjustment amount and adjusts the spacing between the positive plate group and the negative plate group to the preset optimal working range of 1.5-3mm through the drive motor; S4: Combined with the temperature and humidity sensor, the coolant temperature of the electrolyte circulation component is dynamically adjusted to achieve coordinated control of the electrolyte temperature and density parameters.

8. The lead-acid battery adaptive control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the electrode spacing adjustment process, the control module synchronously monitors the battery terminal voltage change and uses a fuzzy PID algorithm to compensate and control the driving motor speed to ensure that the battery internal resistance fluctuation is less than 5% during the adjustment process.

Images