Two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission and a use method, relates to the technical field of antenna energy transmission, and is used for solving the technical problems of high cost, low efficiency and the like during long-distance wireless energy transmission in the prior art. The leaky-wave antenna comprises a plurality of SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures, a Butler matrix with a slow wave structure, a plurality of equal phase shift line structures, a plurality of one-to-two power dividers and a leaky-wave antenna area array. Wherein the plurality of SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures are respectively connected with a plurality of input ports of the Butler matrix with the slow wave structure, a plurality of output ports of the Butler matrix with the slow wave structure are respectively connected with the plurality of equal phase shift line structures, the equal phase shift line structures are connected with the plurality of one-to-two power dividers, and the one-to-two power dividers are respectively connected with the plurality of one-to-two power dividers. And the plurality of one-to-two power dividers are connected with the leaky-wave antenna area array. And the leaky-wave antenna is designed by adopting a single-layer PCB (Printed Circuit Board) substrate. Therefore, the design cost of the leaky-wave antenna can be greatly reduced, and the transmission efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna energy transmission technology, and provides a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission and a method of use. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the emergence of the Qi standard has greatly promoted the development of wireless charging technology for smartphones and wearable devices. However, although the Qi standard breaks free from the constraints of cables, it still has obvious shortcomings in achieving truly long-distance (over 10cm) and mobile device charging.

[0003] For example, far-field wireless power transfer technology using electromagnetic waves offers a potential solution for remote charging. However, the radiated wireless power from this technology is easily scattered in open environments, and electromagnetic waves experience significant path loss when propagating in free space, resulting in relatively low end-to-end efficiency for far-field wireless power transfer systems. Therefore, to improve efficiency, highly directional antenna arrays with beamforming capabilities have become a preferred solution. However, such antenna arrays generally require active phase shifters and array feed networks, which inevitably result in significant power losses and sharply increased costs.

[0004] Similarly, digital metasurfaces and beamformers used to achieve near-field radiative focusing also require large-scale integration of PIN diodes and expensive semiconductor varactor diodes, which not only reduces the efficiency of the wireless power transfer system but also shortens the charging distance. In addition, the beam scanning range, number of beam directions, and beam scanning resolution of these two technologies are directly limited by the number of active phase shifters and switches integrated in the design. These shortcomings of high complexity, high power loss, and high cost have seriously hindered the widespread application of far-field wireless power transfer system technology in real-world scenarios. In addition, when charging a moving target, it is necessary to track the moving target first, which requires receiving information fed back by the antenna to effectively control the transmitter's wireless power beamforming, thereby avoiding unnecessary waste of energy resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission and a method of use, which is used to solve the technical problems of high cost and low efficiency in long-distance wireless energy transmission in the existing technology.

[0006] On the one hand, a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky wave antenna for wireless energy transmission is provided, wherein the leaky wave antenna includes multiple SMA coaxial connector-to-substrate integrated waveguide transition structures, a Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure, multiple equal phase-shift line structures, multiple one-to-two power splitters, and a leaky wave antenna array; Among them, the multiple SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures are respectively connected to the multiple input ports of the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure, the multiple output ports of the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure are respectively connected to the multiple equal phase-shifting line structures, the equal phase-shifting line structures are connected to the multiple one-to-two power splitters, and the multiple one-to-two power splitters are connected to the leaky wave antenna array.

[0007] Optionally, the SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structure includes an SMA coaxial connector, a substrate integrated waveguide, a ground patch and a curved gradient microstrip line; The SMA coaxial connector is connected to the ground patch, and the substrate integrated waveguide is connected to the SMA coaxial connector through the curved gradient microstrip line.

[0008] Optionally, the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure includes four substrate-integrated 3dB couplers, two substrate-integrated cross-couplers, two slow-wave loaded -45° phase shifters, and two slow-wave loaded 0° phase shifters; The substrate-integrated 3dB coupler forms a coupling window by removing part of the metal columns in the middle row between two columns of substrate-integrated waveguides; and the substrate-integrated cross coupler forms a coupling window by removing part of the metal columns in the middle row between two columns of substrate-integrated waveguides.

[0009] Optionally, the slow-wave loaded -45° phase shifter and the slow-wave loaded 0° phase shifter both perform phase shifting by widening the width of the substrate integrated waveguide and adding an I-shaped transverse groove; the center of the I-shaped transverse groove is aligned with the center of the wide side of the substrate integrated waveguide at the input port.

[0010] Optionally, both the slow-wave loaded -45° phase shifter and the slow-wave loaded 0° phase shifter adopt an equal-length slow-wave line loading method.

[0011] Optionally, the equal phase-shifting line structure includes a substrate integrated waveguide bent twice and a substrate integrated waveguide bent twice with an I-shaped slow-wave groove etched therein; Among them, the twice-bent substrate integrated waveguide and the twice-bent substrate integrated waveguide with etched I-shaped slow-wave groove are respectively used to connect the multiple output ports of the Butler matrix with slow-wave structure with the multiple one-to-two power splitters.

[0012] Optionally, the leaky wave antenna array includes 8×25 leaky wave units. Optionally, each leaky wave unit includes a plurality of metal through holes, a plurality of open slow-wave slots and a dielectric layer.

[0013] Optionally, the leaky wave antenna is designed using a single-layer PCB substrate.

[0014] In one aspect, a method for using a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission is provided, the method comprising: Multiple SMA coaxial connectors are used to transfer the RF signal to the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure. Using multiple equal phase-shift line structures to transmit the radio frequency signal received by the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure to multiple one-to-two power splitters; Using the multiple one-to-two power splitters to transmit the radio frequency signal to the leaky wave antenna array; The leaky wave antenna array is used to transmit the radio frequency signal.

[0015] In one aspect, a storage medium is provided, on which computer program instructions are stored, and when the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, any of the above methods is implemented.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: In the present application, the leaky wave antenna includes multiple SMA coaxial connector-to-substrate integrated waveguide transition structures, a Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure, multiple equal phase-shifting line structures, multiple one-to-two power splitters, and a leaky wave antenna array. The multiple SMA coaxial connector-to-substrate integrated waveguide transition structures are respectively connected to the multiple input ports of the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure, the multiple output ports of the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure are respectively connected to the multiple equal phase-shifting line structures, the equal phase-shifting line structures are connected to the multiple one-to-two power splitters, and the multiple one-to-two power splitters are connected to the leaky wave antenna array. The leaky wave antenna is designed using a single-layer PCB substrate.

[0017] Based on this, in this application, because the leaky-wave antenna has a Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure, it can improve the transmission efficiency of the leaky-wave antenna by reducing the reflection and loss of the radio frequency signal during transmission. In addition, because the leaky-wave antenna is designed using a single-layer PCB substrate, the leaky-wave antenna of this application has a simple structure and low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or related technologies, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A model diagram of a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2A model diagram of the SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A model diagram of a Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A model diagram of the equal phase line structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A model diagram of a one-to-two power splitter provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 A model diagram of a leaky wave unit provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 A schematic flow chart of a method for using a leaky wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 The E-plane radiation pattern of the leaky-wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 This is the H-plane radiation pattern of the leaky-wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Markings in the figure: 1-SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structure, 2-Butler matrix with slow-wave structure, 3-equal phase shifter structure, 4-one-to-two power divider, 5-leaky wave antenna array, 6-SMA coaxial connector, 7-substrate integrated waveguide, 8-ground patch, 9-bent gradient microstrip line, 10-substrate integrated 3dB coupler, 11-substrate integrated cross coupler, 12-slow-wave loaded-45° phase shifter, 13-slow-wave loaded 0° phase shifter, 14-substrate integrated waveguide bent twice, 15-twice-bent substrate integrated waveguide with etched I-shaped slow-wave groove, 16-metal through hole, 17-open slow-wave groove, 18-dielectric layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other in any way. In addition, although a logical order is shown in the flow chart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in an order different from that here.

[0022] In recent years, the emergence of the Qi standard has greatly promoted the development of wireless charging technology for smartphones and wearable devices. However, although the Qi standard breaks free from the constraints of cables, it still has obvious shortcomings in achieving truly long-distance (over 10cm) and mobile device charging.

[0023] For example, far-field wireless power transfer technology using electromagnetic waves offers a potential solution for remote charging. However, the radiated wireless power from this technology is easily scattered in open environments, and electromagnetic waves experience significant path loss when propagating in free space, resulting in relatively low end-to-end efficiency for far-field wireless power transfer systems. Therefore, to improve efficiency, highly directional antenna arrays with beamforming capabilities have become a preferred solution. However, such antenna arrays generally require active phase shifters and array feed networks, which inevitably result in significant power losses and sharply increased costs.

[0024] Similarly, digital metasurfaces and beamformers used to achieve near-field radiative focusing also require large-scale integration of PIN diodes and expensive semiconductor varactor diodes, which not only reduces the efficiency of the wireless power transfer system but also shortens the charging distance. In addition, the beam scanning range, number of beam directions, and beam scanning resolution of these two technologies are directly limited by the number of active phase shifters and switches integrated in the design. These shortcomings of high complexity, high power loss, and high cost have seriously hindered the widespread application of far-field wireless power transfer system technology in real-world scenarios. In addition, when charging a moving target, it is necessary to track the moving target first, which requires receiving information fed back by the antenna to effectively control the transmitter's wireless power beamforming, thereby avoiding unnecessary waste of energy resources.

[0025] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky wave antenna for wireless energy transmission. Specifically, the leaky wave antenna includes multiple SMA coaxial connectors to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures, a Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure, multiple equal phase-shifting line structures, multiple one-to-two power splitters, and a leaky wave antenna array; wherein the multiple SMA coaxial connectors to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures are respectively connected to the multiple input ports of the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure, the multiple output ports of the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure are respectively connected to the multiple equal phase-shifting line structures, the equal phase-shifting line structures are connected to the multiple one-to-two power splitters, and the multiple one-to-two power splitters are connected to the leaky wave antenna array. The leaky wave antenna is designed using a single-layer PCB substrate.

[0026] Based on this, in the present application, because the leaky-wave antenna has a Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure, it is possible to improve the transmission efficiency of the leaky-wave antenna by reducing reflection and loss of radio frequency signals during transmission. In addition, because the leaky-wave antenna is designed using a single-layer PCB substrate, the leaky-wave antenna of the present application has a simple structure and low cost.

[0027] After introducing the design concepts of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the application scenarios to which the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied. It should be noted that the application scenarios introduced below are only used to illustrate the embodiments of the present application and are not limiting. In the specific implementation process, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can be flexibly applied according to actual needs.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, a model diagram of a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky wave antenna for wireless energy transmission provided in an embodiment of the present application. It can be seen that the input port of the leaky wave antenna is located on the left side of the antenna. The leaky wave antenna includes, from left to right, a plurality of SMA coaxial connectors to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures 1, a Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure 2, a plurality of equal phase-shift line structures 3, a plurality of one-to-two power dividers and a leaky wave antenna array 4.

[0029] Among them, multiple SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures 1 are respectively connected to multiple input ports of the Butler matrix 2 with a slow wave structure, multiple output ports of the Butler matrix 2 with a slow wave structure are respectively connected to multiple equal phase shift line structures 3, multiple equal phase shift line structures 3 are connected to multiple one-to-two power splitters 4, and multiple one-to-two power splitters 4 are connected to the leaky wave antenna array 5. Figure 1 As shown, the leaky wave antenna may include four SMA coaxial connectors to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures 1, and then, the four SMA coaxial connectors to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures 1 may be respectively connected to the four input ports of the Butler matrix 2 having a slow-wave structure, and then, the four output ports of the Butler matrix 2 having a slow-wave structure may be respectively connected to four equal phase-shifting line structures 3, and then, these four equal phase-shifting line structures 3 are further connected to four one-to-two power splitters 4, and finally, these four one-to-two power splitters 4 are finally connected to the leaky wave antenna array 5. In addition, the leaky wave antenna of the present application may be composed of a single-layer dielectric substrate and two metal layers.

[0030] Based on this, the leaky-wave antenna of the present application can not only form multi-beam coverage in one dimension (xoz plane) by using the four 3dB continuous beams formed by the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure, but also achieve high-gain frequency-sweep beam coverage by using the frequency-sweep characteristics of the leaky-wave antenna in another dimension (yoz plane). Furthermore, since the present application combines a Butler matrix feeding network with passive beamforming capability with a large-angle scanning leaky-wave antenna, and utilizes the multi-beams formed by the Butler matrix and the high-gain frequency-scanning beams formed by the leaky-wave antenna to achieve two-dimensional large-space beam coverage, it can be used for long-distance wireless tracking and energy transmission of multiple targets.

[0031] In one possible implementation, Figure 2As shown, it is a model diagram of the SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, the SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structure 1 includes an SMA coaxial connector 6, a substrate integrated waveguide 7, a ground patch 8 and a curved gradient microstrip line 9; wherein, the SMA coaxial connector 6 is connected to the ground patch 8, and the substrate integrated waveguide 7 is connected to the SMA coaxial connector 6 through the curved gradient microstrip line 9.

[0032] In one possible implementation, Figure 3 , which is a model diagram of a Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, the Butler matrix 2 with a slow-wave structure includes four substrate-integrated 3dB couplers 10, two substrate-integrated cross-couplers 11, two slow-wave loaded -45° phase shifters 12, and two slow-wave loaded 0° phase shifters 13; The substrate integrated 3dB coupler 10 forms a coupling window by removing a portion of metal pillars in the middle row of two columns of substrate integrated waveguides; the substrate integrated cross coupler 11 forms a coupling window by removing a portion of metal pillars in the middle row of two columns of substrate integrated waveguides.

[0033] In one possible implementation, Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the slow-wave loaded -45° phase shifter 12 and the slow-wave loaded 0° phase shifter 13 both perform phase shifting by widening the width of the substrate integrated waveguide 7 and adding an I-shaped transverse groove; the center of the I-shaped transverse groove is aligned with the center of the wide side of the substrate integrated waveguide 7 at the input port; in addition, in order to ensure a better matching effect, the I-shaped transverse groove can also be gradually transitioned.

[0034] In one possible implementation, Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the slow-wave loaded -45° phase shifter 12 and the slow-wave loaded 0° phase shifter 13 both adopt an equal-length slow-wave line loading method.

[0035] In one possible implementation, Figure 4 , which is a model diagram of an equal phase line structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, the equal phase line structure 3 includes a substrate integrated waveguide 14 bent twice and a substrate integrated waveguide 15 bent twice with an I-shaped slow-wave groove etched therein; Among them, a substrate integrated waveguide 14 bent twice and a substrate integrated waveguide 15 bent twice with an etched I-shaped slow-wave groove are used to connect multiple output ports of the Butler matrix 2 with a slow-wave structure with multiple one-to-two power dividers 4, and ensure that the paths traversed have the same phase.

[0036] In one possible implementation, Figure 5As shown, it is a model diagram of a one-to-two power splitter provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, the one-to-two power splitter can be a Wilkinson power splitter structure.

[0037] In a possible implementation, the leaky-wave antenna array 5 includes 8×25 leaky-wave elements, wherein the leaky-wave elements are formed by periodically modulated open slow-wave slots etched on the top of the substrate-integrated waveguide.

[0038] In one possible implementation, Figure 6 , which is a model diagram of a leaky wave unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, each leaky wave unit includes a plurality of metal through holes 16 , a plurality of open slow-wave slots 17 and a dielectric layer 18 .

[0039] In a possible implementation, the leaky wave antenna is designed using a single-layer PCB substrate. Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a method for using a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky wave antenna for wireless energy transmission, such as Figure 7 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for using a leaky wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the method can be performed by Figure 1 The method is performed by using a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission. Specifically, the process of the method is described as follows.

[0040] Step 701: Use multiple SMA coaxial connectors to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures to transmit radio frequency signals to a Butler matrix having a slow-wave structure.

[0041] Step 702: using a plurality of equal phase-shifting line structures to transmit the radio frequency signal received by the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure to a plurality of one-to-two power splitters.

[0042] Step 703: Use multiple one-to-two power splitters to transmit the radio frequency signal to the leaky wave antenna array.

[0043] Step 704: Use a leaky wave antenna array to transmit the radio frequency signal.

[0044] In order to enable readers to have a clearer understanding of the present technical solution, the leaky wave antenna of the present application is introduced in detail below with respect to “E-plane antenna radiation characteristics and H-plane antenna radiation characteristics”.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 8 As shown, this is the E-plane radiation pattern of the leaky-wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the present application simulates the antenna operating range of 9.0 GHz-10.82 GHz. It can be seen that due to the large number of leaky-wave units, the simulated beams of the leaky-wave antenna of the present application are all high-gain beams with narrow beam widths, and the beam scanning angle is -73° to +70°.

[0046] like Figure 9 As shown, this is the H-plane radiation pattern of the leaky-wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein Port1, Port2, Port3, and Port4 are four beams formed by the Butler matrix respectively. It can be seen that the beam widths of these four beams are relatively wide and the 3dB beam widths are continuous. In addition, these four beams are orthogonal to each other, and the maximum values ​​of all beams coincide with the zero positions of other beams.

[0047] In summary, this application has the following advantages: (1) In order to solve the problem of small energy transmission coverage in the existing technology, the present application uses the multi-beam formed by the Butler matrix and the high-gain frequency-sweeping beam formed by the leaky wave antenna to achieve large-space radiation coverage of two-dimensional multi-beam. Therefore, it can not only transmit energy and charge mobile targets in different spatial ranges, but also be better used in long-distance wireless energy transmission.

[0048] (2) In order to solve the problems of short transmission distance and high system cost in wireless energy transmission applications in existing technologies, this application designs a leaky wave antenna based on a single-layer PCB substrate. Therefore, a high-gain beam can be achieved with a simple structure and low cost.

[0049] (3) In response to the problem of the narrow operating bandwidth of the Butler matrix in the existing technology, this application designs a slow-wave loaded phase shifter. This phase shifter combines the advantages of the "I" type non-radiative transverse slot and the equal length and unequal width structure. While realizing the miniaturization design of the phase shifter, it can exhibit low dispersion characteristics within the operating frequency band, thereby effectively improving the consistency and accuracy of phase control. In addition, the application of the slow-wave loaded phase shifter to the Butler matrix can also achieve a stable phase difference within a wider frequency band, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the Butler matrix.

[0050] (4) In response to the problems of the existing technology that it is impossible to track, transfer energy and charge mobile targets and that the charging target is single, the two-dimensional multi-beam leaky wave antenna of this application can transmit a sweeping signal of the working frequency band at a known rate within a specified time. The DC power received by the rectifying antenna on the charging target is monitored in real time and synchronized with the sweeping signal transmission time of the two-dimensional multi-beam leaky wave antenna. When the peak DC output is detected, the charging target sends a beacon signal to the transmitting platform, indicating the optimal time corresponding to the beam angle at a specific transmission signal frequency. In this way, the beam angle and optimal frequency of the charging target relative to the transmitting platform can be calculated based on the optimal time, thereby realizing the tracking and energy transfer of the mobile target and the simultaneous energy transfer and charging of multiple targets.

[0051] In some possible implementations, various aspects of the method provided in the present application may also be implemented in the form of a program component, which includes program code. When the program component is run on a computer device, the program code is used to enable the computer device to execute the steps of the method according to various exemplary embodiments of the present application described above in this specification. For example, the computer device may execute the following steps: Figure 7 The method performed in the illustrated embodiment.

[0052] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented using hardware associated with program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a removable storage device, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. Alternatively, if the integrated unit of the present invention is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as a standalone component, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software component. This computer software component, stored in a storage medium, includes instructions for enabling a computer device (such as a personal computer, server, or network device) to perform all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a removable storage device, ROM, RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0053] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application.

[0054] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission, characterized in that: The leaky wave antenna includes a plurality of SMA coaxial connectors to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures, a Butler matrix with a slow wave structure, a plurality of equal phase shift line structures, a plurality of one-to-two power splitters and a leaky wave antenna array; Among them, the multiple SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures are respectively connected to the multiple input ports of the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure, the multiple output ports of the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure are respectively connected to the multiple equal phase-shifting line structures, the equal phase-shifting line structures are connected to the multiple one-to-two power splitters, and the multiple one-to-two power splitters are connected to the leaky wave antenna array.

2. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein The SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structure comprises an SMA coaxial connector, a substrate integrated waveguide, a ground patch and a curved gradient microstrip line; The SMA coaxial connector is connected to the ground patch, and the substrate integrated waveguide is connected to the SMA coaxial connector through the curved gradient microstrip line.

3. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 2, wherein The Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure includes four substrate-integrated 3dB couplers, two substrate-integrated cross-couplers, two slow-wave loaded -45° phase shifters, and two slow-wave loaded 0° phase shifters; The substrate-integrated 3dB coupler forms a coupling window by removing part of the metal columns in the middle row between two columns of substrate-integrated waveguides; and the substrate-integrated cross coupler forms a coupling window by removing part of the metal columns in the middle row between two columns of substrate-integrated waveguides.

4. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 3, wherein The slow-wave loaded -45° phase shifter and the slow-wave loaded 0° phase shifter both perform phase shifting by widening the width of the substrate integrated waveguide and adding an I-shaped transverse groove; the center of the I-shaped transverse groove is aligned with the center of the wide side of the substrate integrated waveguide at the input port.

5. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 3, wherein The slow-wave loaded -45° phase shifter and the slow-wave loaded 0° phase shifter both adopt an equal-length slow-wave line loading method.

6. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein The equal phase-shifting line structure includes a substrate integrated waveguide bent twice and a substrate integrated waveguide bent twice with an I-shaped slow-wave groove etched therein; Among them, the twice-bent substrate integrated waveguide and the twice-bent substrate integrated waveguide with etched I-shaped slow-wave groove are respectively used to connect the multiple output ports of the Butler matrix with slow-wave structure with the multiple one-to-two power splitters.

7. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein The leaky wave antenna array includes 8×25 leaky wave units.

8. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 6, wherein Each leaky wave unit includes a plurality of metal through holes, a plurality of open slow-wave slots and a dielectric layer.

9. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein The leaky wave antenna is designed using a single-layer PCB substrate.

10. A method for using a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission, characterized in that: Applicable to a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission according to any one of claims 1 to 9; the method comprises: Multiple SMA coaxial connectors are used to transfer the RF signal to the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure. Using multiple equal phase-shift line structures to transmit the radio frequency signal received by the Butler matrix with a slow-wave structure to multiple one-to-two power splitters; Using the multiple one-to-two power splitters to transmit the radio frequency signal to the leaky wave antenna array; The leaky wave antenna array is used to transmit the radio frequency signal.

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