Electrical chassis and electrical equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an electrical cabinet and electrical equipment, the electrical cabinet comprises a cabinet body, the cabinet body is internally provided with an accommodating space for accommodating electrical components, the side wall of the cabinet body is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes communicated with the accommodating space, the ventilation holes comprise an air outlet close to one side of the accommodating space and an air inlet close to one side of an external space, and the air inlet is communicated with the accommodating space. The cross section of the ventilation hole is gradually reduced from the air inlet to the air outlet, and the diameter of the air inlet is far larger than that of the air outlet. The ventilation holes achieve air inlet cooling through the heat insulation throttling effect, the high-speed jet flow of the air outlet is combined to destroy a thermal boundary layer, the convective heat transfer coefficient is greatly improved, and therefore the heat dissipation efficiency of the case is greatly improved compared with a traditional scheme. Besides, energy of sound waves is dispersed and dissipated through the phenomena of refraction, scattering, reflection and the like by utilizing the small-diameter air outlet, so that the effects of reducing noise and eliminating resonance are achieved. Therefore, the electrical cabinet effectively solves the technical bottleneck of heat dissipation and noise reduction of traditional electrical equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of heat dissipation of electrical equipment, and in particular to an electrical chassis and electrical equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of new energy vehicles, charging piles are widely used as core supporting equipment. However, existing charging piles generally have technical bottlenecks that make it difficult to balance thermal management efficiency and noise characteristics. Specifically, traditional charging piles mostly use natural convection cooling or a single fan forced air cooling design, and their box structure does not effectively optimize airflow organization. On the one hand, due to the protection level requirements, the airtightness of the box makes it difficult to efficiently dissipate the heat generated by internal electrical components (such as power modules and transformers). High temperature environments can easily lead to safety hazards such as aging of insulation materials, increased contact resistance, and even thermal failure. On the other hand, when conventional heat dissipation solutions enhance heat dissipation by increasing fan power or adding air outlets, the aerodynamic noise (such as eddy current noise and mechanical vibration noise) generated by the interaction between high-speed airflow and the box structure increases significantly, especially in residential areas, office spaces, and other scenes close to people, causing serious interference to the environment.

[0003] In the existing technology, some solutions attempt to improve heat dissipation and noise reduction performance by optimizing the air duct layout, using low-noise fans or adding sound-absorbing materials, but such solutions have obvious limitations: First, the heat dissipation efficiency and noise reduction effect are negatively correlated. For example, although increasing the number of fans can improve the heat dissipation capacity, the accompanying upward shift of the noise spectrum and increase in sound pressure level make it difficult to meet the environmental noise standards; second, although the use of liquid cooling system can achieve efficient heat dissipation, the system complexity, maintenance cost and volume expansion problems restrict its application in small and medium-sized charging piles; third, conventional sound-absorbing structures (such as perforated plate resonance cavity) require additional space, which is contrary to the trend of compact design of charging piles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electrical chassis and electrical equipment with integrated thermodynamics and acoustics synergistic optimization in order to solve the above technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an electrical enclosure comprising a housing having a storage space for accommodating electrical components. A plurality of ventilation holes are provided on the sidewalls of the housing, communicating with the storage space. The ventilation holes include an air outlet proximate to the storage space and an air inlet proximate to the external space. The cross-section of the ventilation holes gradually decreases from the air inlet toward the air outlet, and the diameter of the air inlet is much larger than the diameter of the air outlet.

[0006] Preferably, the hole wall forming the ventilation hole protrudes from the outside of the box body toward one side of the accommodating space to form a conical convex hull.

[0007] Preferably, a plurality of ventilation holes are respectively provided on the two opposite side walls of the box body, and a convection channel is formed by means of the accommodating space and the ventilation holes respectively located on both sides of the box body.

[0008] Preferably, a bracket is provided in the accommodating space, and the bracket divides the accommodating space into two back-to-back parts, namely a first space and a second space, and the first space and the second space are separated by a partition; the electrical components include functional components and electronic control components, the first space is used to place functional components, and the second space is used to place electronic control components, and the ventilation hole is connected to the first space.

[0009] Preferably, the partition includes a phase change component, and the phase change component absorbs or releases heat based on temperature changes to limit the heat in the first space from entering the second space.

[0010] Preferably, the phase change assembly includes a bottom box, a phase changer filled in the bottom box, and a sealing plate covering the bottom box.

[0011] Preferably, a fan is further provided at the air inlet of the ventilation hole, and the fan is used to provide fresh air to the air inlet.

[0012] Preferably, a trough body and a cover plate covering the trough body are provided on the side wall of the box body, a panel is provided in the trough body, the ventilation holes are located on the panel, and the cover plate is provided with a plurality of grille holes communicating with the internal space of the trough body.

[0013] Preferably, shutters are further provided on the inner side of the cover plate, and the grille holes are connected to the trough body based on the gaps between the shutters.

[0014] The present invention also provides an electrical device, comprising the electrical chassis as described above and electrical components arranged in the electrical chassis.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the electrical chassis provided by the above technical solution of the present invention is provided with ventilation holes on the chassis. The ventilation holes utilize the adiabatic throttling effect to achieve cooling of the incoming air. Combined with the high-speed jet at the air outlet to destroy the thermal boundary layer, the convective heat transfer coefficient is greatly improved, thereby significantly improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the chassis compared to the traditional solution. In addition, by utilizing the small-diameter air outlet, the energy of the sound waves is dispersed and dissipated through refraction, scattering and reflection, thereby achieving the effect of reducing noise and eliminating resonance. It can be seen that the above-mentioned electrical chassis can achieve efficient thermal management without additional energy consumption, effectively solving the technical bottleneck of the opposition between heat dissipation and noise reduction of traditional electrical equipment, and is suitable for multi-scenario applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 13D is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an electrical chassis in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Exploded diagram of .

[0018] Figure 3 For the Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction.

[0019] Figure 4 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ventilation hole in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the installation structure of the ventilation hole in an embodiment of the present invention, which is in a front view.

[0021] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified image of one of the ventilation holes.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the installation structure of the ventilation hole in an embodiment of the present invention, which is in the back state.

[0023] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified image of one of the ventilation holes.

[0024] Figure 9 For the Figure 1 Cross-sectional view in CC direction.

[0025] Figure 10 Exploded view of a phase change assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to explain the technical content, structural features, achieved objectives and effects of the present invention in detail, the following is a detailed description in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0027] This embodiment discloses an electrical chassis, such as Figures 1 to 4 It includes a box body 1, which has a storage space 10 for accommodating electrical components. A plurality of ventilation holes 20 connected to the storage space 10 are provided on the side wall of the box body 1. The ventilation holes 20 include an air outlet 21 close to the side of the storage space 10 and an air inlet 22 close to the side of the external space. The cross-section of the ventilation holes 20 gradually decreases from the air inlet 22 to the air outlet 21, and the diameter of the air inlet 22 is much larger than the diameter of the air outlet 21.

[0028] The present invention aims to provide an electrical chassis that efficiently dissipates heat while significantly reducing noise by optimizing the structure of the ventilation holes 20 and utilizing the adiabatic throttling effect and acoustic adsorption principle, thereby resolving the contradiction between heat dissipation and noise reduction in the prior art.

[0029] Specifically, when external air enters the air outlet 21 through the air inlet 22 of the ventilation hole 20, the gas undergoes a throttling process due to the gradual reduction in cross-section, resulting in a sudden drop in pressure and an expansion in volume. Under adiabatic conditions, the gas performs work on the outside, resulting in a decrease in internal energy, which manifests as a decrease in gas temperature. At the same time, the gas's flow rate increases sharply when passing through the small hole, and part of the internal energy is converted into kinetic energy, further causing the temperature to drop. The friction between the high-speed airflow and the hole wall also produces local energy dissipation, further reducing the airflow temperature.

[0030] Furthermore, the design of the air inlet 22 having a diameter significantly larger than the air outlet 21 allows for a significantly lower air velocity at the same volumetric flow rate, allowing for a greater flow rate of air to be drawn in, thereby improving heat volume efficiency. The high-speed airflow generated by the air outlet 21 enhances the convective heat transfer coefficient and creates a localized low-pressure zone at the air outlet 21, accelerating the exhaust of hot air from the storage space 10.

[0031] In terms of noise reduction, the present invention utilizes the principle of small hole sound absorption. Small hole sound absorption is a noise control technology that uses the principle of resonance sound absorption. It disperses and dissipates sound wave energy through phenomena such as refraction, scattering, and reflection, thereby achieving the effect of reducing noise and eliminating resonance.

[0032] This design enables the electrical chassis to achieve efficient thermal management without additional energy consumption, effectively solving the technical bottleneck of heat dissipation and noise reduction in traditional electrical equipment.

[0033] The tapered cross-sectional shape of the ventilation hole 20 can adopt various geometric forms, such as conical, parabolic or multi-stepped, as long as the diameter of the air inlet 22 is much larger than the diameter of the air outlet 21 and the air flow can be accelerated gradually.

[0034] The diameter ratio of the air inlet 22 to the air outlet 21 can be adjusted based on specific heat dissipation and noise reduction requirements. For example, the diameter of the air inlet 22 can be 5 to 20 times the diameter of the air outlet 21 to ensure sufficient air intake while optimizing the throttling effect and noise attenuation. It should also be noted that, generally, as long as the diameter of the air inlet 22 is at least 3 times the diameter of the air outlet 21, it can be considered that the diameter of the air inlet 22 is significantly larger than the diameter of the air outlet 21.

[0035] The material of the ventilation holes 20 can be selected from composite materials with good acoustic adsorption properties, such as porous ceramics or sound-absorbing resins, to further enhance the noise reduction effect. The number and arrangement of the ventilation holes 20 can also be adjusted according to the distribution of heat sources inside the box 1 and the requirements for optimizing airflow organization. For example, they can be concentrated near the main heat-generating components, or evenly distributed on the side walls to achieve overall heat dissipation. In addition, the inner wall of the ventilation hole 20 can be designed to have a microstructure, such as a micro-groove or a micropore array, to increase the friction area between the airflow and the hole wall, further promoting energy dissipation and temperature reduction.

[0036] On the other hand, Figures 4 to 8 The hole wall forming the ventilation hole 20 protrudes from the outside of the box body 1 toward the side of the accommodating space 10 to form a conical convex bulge 23.

[0037] This conical bump 23 can be integrally formed or implemented with additional structural components. The taper of the bump 23 can be precisely designed based on airflow inlet resistance, cooling efficiency, and noise reduction requirements. Typically, the taper angle ranges from 30 to 60 degrees to ensure smooth airflow and effectively reduce inlet noise. The height of the bump 23 can be controlled between 5 and 15 mm to provide adequate guidance. The inner surface of the hole wall can be polished to reduce frictional resistance.

[0038] The material of the convex bump 23 is consistent with that of the box body 1, and can be made of high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel to ensure structural strength and corrosion resistance.

[0039] The design of the conical convex bump 23 smoothes the airflow entering the vent 20, reducing eddy currents and pressure loss at the entrance, thereby improving air intake efficiency and heat dissipation. The conical convex bump 23's flow-guiding effect further enhances the adiabatic throttling effect, further reducing the temperature of the air entering the storage space 10 and improving cooling efficiency.

[0040] Furthermore, the conical convex hull 23 effectively disperses and absorbs sound waves, further enhancing the noise reduction capabilities of the vents 20 and reducing overall noise levels. Compared to a design without the conical hull 23, this optimization can increase heat dissipation efficiency by an additional 5% and reduce noise by 2dB.

[0041] On the other hand, Figure 3 A plurality of ventilation holes 20 are respectively provided on the two opposite side walls of the box body 1. By means of the accommodating space 10 and the ventilation holes 20 respectively located on both sides of the box body 1, a convection channel is formed.

[0042] This design effectively utilizes natural convection, reducing reliance on active cooling devices, thereby reducing energy consumption and noise. The convection channel allows for continuous air refreshment within the housing space 10, preventing heat buildup and ensuring electrical components operate within an appropriate temperature range, thereby increasing equipment reliability and lifespan.

[0043] On the other hand, Figure 9 A bracket 3 is disposed within the storage space 10, dividing the storage space 10 into two back-to-back sections: a first space 100 and a second space 101. The first and second spaces 100, 101 are separated by a partition 4. The electrical components include functional components and electronic control components. The first space 100 is used to house the functional components, while the second space 101 is used to house the electronic control components. The ventilation holes 20 are connected to the first space 100.

[0044] By introducing the bracket 3 and the partition 4 to divide the accommodating space 10 into two independent areas, the functional components with high heat generation can be physically isolated from the temperature-sensitive electronic control components, and the ventilation holes 20 can be ensured to be connected only to the area where the functional components are located, thereby realizing partitioned thermal management, avoiding the heat generated by the functional components from having adverse effects on the electronic control components, and significantly improving the reliability and service life of the electronic control components.

[0045] In addition, the bracket 3 can be designed as a modular structure for easy disassembly and maintenance. The partition 4 can adopt a multi-layer structure, with the middle filled with thermal insulation materials such as aerogel or vacuum layer to further enhance the thermal insulation effect. To improve the thermal insulation performance of the partition 4, a low-emissivity coating can be applied to its surface.

[0046] On the other hand, the partition 4 includes a phase change component that absorbs or releases heat based on temperature changes to limit the heat in the first space 100 from entering the second space 101 .

[0047] Specifically, if Figure 10 The phase change assembly includes a bottom box 40 , a phase changer 41 filled in the bottom box 40 , and a sealing plate 42 covering the bottom box 40 .

[0048] Phase changer 41 can be made of paraffin, hydrated salts, gels, or fatty acids. The bottom box 40 and cover plate 42 can be made of aluminum or copper, which have good thermal conductivity and are sealed to prevent leakage from the phase changer 41. The filling volume of the phase changer 41 can be precisely calculated based on the expected heat absorption to ensure that it can absorb the thermal peak generated by the functional components within a short period of time.

[0049] By integrating a phase-change component into the partition 4, when the temperature of the first space 100 rises and reaches the phase transition point of the phase change component 41, the phase change component 41 begins to absorb heat and undergoes a state change, thereby absorbing a large amount of thermal energy and effectively preventing heat from being transferred to the second space 101. When the temperature of the first space 100 drops, the phase change component 41 releases heat. This dynamic thermal buffering capability significantly reduces the impact of heat from the first space 100 on the second space 101, ensuring that the electronic control components operate in a more stable temperature environment, further improving their reliability and lifespan.

[0050] In the above embodiment, the structure and material of the phase change component can be subjected to various deformations. For example, the phase changer 41 can use a microencapsulated phase changer 41 to improve its stability and packaging safety. The bottom box 40 can be designed to have a structure with fins or microchannels to increase the heat exchange area between the phase changer 41 and the partition 4, accelerating heat absorption and release. The sealing plate 42 can be made of a flexible material to adapt to the volume change of the phase changer 41 during the phase change process. In addition to passive phase change, actively controlled phase change components can also be designed, such as by heating or cooling elements to precisely control the state of the phase changer 41. The number and arrangement of phase change components can be optimized according to the size and heat load of the partition 4, for example, the density of phase change components can be increased in heat concentrated areas.

[0051] On the other hand, Figure 2 and Figure 3 A fan 5 is also provided at the air inlet 22 of the ventilation hole 20, and the fan 5 is used to provide fresh air to the air inlet 22.

[0052] The fan 5 can be an axial flow fan 5 or a centrifugal fan 5, and its air volume and static pressure should be matched according to the heat dissipation requirements of the box body 1 and the resistance characteristics of the ventilation holes 20. The installation position of the fan 5 should ensure that it can efficiently press the external fresh air into the ventilation holes 20. For example, it can be directly installed on the outside of the air inlet 22 or connected through a short air duct. The fan 5 can adopt intelligent control to automatically adjust the speed according to the internal temperature of the box body 1 or the load of the electrical components to achieve on-demand heat dissipation and energy saving. The noise level of the fan 5 should be as low as possible. A low-noise fan 5 can be selected or sound-absorbing materials can be installed around the fan 5.

[0053] By installing a fan 5 at the air inlet 22 of the vent 20, forced convection heat dissipation is achieved, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency. This effectively reduces the internal temperature of the cabinet 1, especially in high ambient temperatures or when internal heat generation is high. The active air supply of the fan 5 ensures an adequate supply of fresh, cool air, enhancing the cooling effect of the adiabatic throttling effect. Even in low or no wind, the fan 5 maintains a stable airflow, ensuring the normal operation of the electrical components.

[0054] On the other hand, Figure 2 The sidewalls of the housing 1 are provided with a trough 11 and a cover plate 6 covering the trough 11. A panel 2 is located within the trough 11, with ventilation holes 20 located on the panel 2. The cover plate 6 is provided with a plurality of grille holes 60 communicating with the interior of the trough 11. The grille holes 60 can be designed in a slender strip or grid pattern to balance aesthetics and ventilation. The apertures should be smaller than the diameter of the air inlet 22 of the ventilation holes 20 to further block larger particles. A sealing gasket can be placed between the cover plate 6 and the trough 11 to enhance the level of protection.

[0055] By providing the grille holes 60, foreign matter is effectively prevented from entering the interior of the box body 1. At the same time, this hidden ventilation design also improves the overall aesthetics and protection level of the electrical chassis.

[0056] The panel 2 can be set to be detachable, which is convenient for cleaning and maintaining the ventilation holes 20. In order to enhance the protection function, a filter or dustproof cotton can also be set inside the grille hole 60.

[0057] On the other hand, louvers 61 are further provided on the inner side of the cover plate 6 , and the grille holes 60 are connected to the tank body 11 based on the gaps between the louvers 61 .

[0058] The louver 61 can be composed of a plurality of parallel blades, each blade having a certain inclination angle, such as 45 degrees. The material of the louver 61 can be a sound-absorbing material, such as a porous aluminum plate or a sound-absorbing plastic, to enhance the noise reduction effect. The spacing and inclination angle of the blades can be optimized according to the required airflow resistance and noise attenuation. For example, smaller spacing and larger inclination angles can provide better dust and water resistance and higher noise attenuation, but increase airflow resistance. The thickness of the blades can be controlled to be between 1 mm and 3 mm to ensure their strength and lightweight.

[0059] By arranging the shutter 61 inside the cover plate 6, it is possible to effectively prevent rainwater from splashing in and dust from accumulating, further improving the protection level of the electrical chassis. In addition, the shading effect of the shutter 61 also improves the concealment of the internal electrical components.

[0060] The surface of the louver 61 can be coated with a hydrophobic coating to enhance the rainproof function. The louver 61 can be designed to be detachable or washable for easy maintenance. In addition, the blade shape of the louver 61 can be designed to be streamlined to reduce airflow resistance and reduce airflow noise.

[0061] The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrical chassis, characterized in that: It includes a box body, which has a storage space for accommodating electrical components. A plurality of ventilation holes connected to the storage space are provided on the side wall of the box body. The ventilation holes include an air outlet close to one side of the storage space and an air inlet close to the side of the external space. The cross-section of the ventilation holes gradually decreases from the air inlet to the air outlet, and the diameter of the air inlet is much larger than the diameter of the air outlet.

2. The electrical cabinet according to claim 1, wherein: The hole wall forming the ventilation hole protrudes from the outside of the box body toward one side of the accommodating space to form a conical convex hull.

3. The electrical cabinet according to claim 1, wherein: A plurality of ventilation holes are respectively provided on the two opposite side walls of the box body, and a convection channel is formed by means of the accommodating space and the ventilation holes respectively located on both sides of the box body.

4. The electrical cabinet according to claim 1, wherein: A bracket is provided in the accommodating space, which divides the accommodating space into two back-to-back parts, namely a first space and a second space, and the first space and the second space are separated by a partition; the electrical components include functional components and electronic control components, the first space is used to place functional components, and the second space is used to place electronic control components, and the ventilation hole is connected to the first space.

5. The electrical cabinet according to claim 4, wherein: The partition includes a phase change component that absorbs or releases heat based on temperature change to restrict heat in the first space from entering the second space.

6. The electrical cabinet according to claim 5, wherein: The phase change assembly includes a bottom box, a phase changer filled in the bottom box, and a sealing plate covering the bottom box.

7. The electrical cabinet according to claim 1, wherein: A fan is also provided at the air inlet of the ventilation hole, and the fan is used to provide fresh air to the air inlet.

8. The electrical cabinet according to claim 1, wherein: A trough body and a cover plate covering the trough body are provided on the side wall of the box body, a panel is provided in the trough body, the ventilation holes are located on the panel, and a plurality of grille holes communicating with the internal space of the trough body are provided on the cover plate.

9. The electrical cabinet according to claim 8, wherein: Shutters are further provided on the inner side of the cover plate, and the grille holes are connected to the trough body based on the gaps between the shutters.

10. An electrical device, characterized in that: The invention comprises the electrical cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and electrical components arranged in the electrical cabinet.

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