Multi-fiber dynamic energy supply power transmission line intelligent monitoring system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-fiber dynamic energy supply power transmission line intelligent monitoring system and method, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber energy supply and sensing, and the system comprises a local control terminal which is used for supplying energy to a plurality of monitoring terminals and receiving multi-mode monitoring data transmitted back by the monitoring terminals, the local control terminal is provided with a laser energy supply module, a data demodulation module and an optical energy dynamic balance control module; the monitoring terminal is used for collecting lead operation state parameters and image information and transmitting the lead operation state parameters and the image information back to the local control terminal through a signal optical fiber; and the multi-core power optical fiber is used for connecting the local control terminal and the plurality of monitoring terminals, and the multi-core power optical fiber comprises a plurality of energy optical fibers which are connected in parallel and a signal optical fiber and supports physical isolation transmission of laser energy supply and multi-wavelength communication. Physical isolation transmission of laser energy supply and multi-wavelength communication is achieved, the energy coupling efficiency is improved, meanwhile, crosstalk between optical fiber channels is effectively reduced, and stable data return is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of optical fiber energy supply and sensing technology, and in particular to an intelligent monitoring system and method for a power transmission line with multi-fiber dynamic energy supply. Background Art

[0002] The power system is a critical infrastructure. High-voltage transmission lines, as the core pathways for power transmission, are crucial for the safe and stable operation of the power grid. However, transmission lines are constantly exposed to complex natural environments, facing threats from extreme weather such as strong winds, ice cover, wildfires, and lightning. Efficient and intelligent monitoring methods are urgently needed to ensure their safe operation.

[0003] Currently, transmission line monitoring mainly relies on video surveillance, manual inspections, and electronic sensors, but these methods have obvious drawbacks:

[0004] Traditional electronic sensors rely on local power, which can be unstable in inclement weather, leading to monitoring interruptions. Strong electromagnetic fields exist around high-voltage transmission lines, making conventional wireless communications susceptible to interference and reducing the reliability of monitoring data transmission. Existing solutions often use independent sensing units, which are unable to simultaneously acquire multi-dimensional data such as conductor tension, environmental parameters, and high-definition video. Distributed sensors require regular battery replacement and maintenance, making operation and maintenance difficult and costly in remote mountainous areas.

[0005] In recent years, fiber optic sensing technology has been introduced into the field of power transmission line monitoring due to its advantages such as anti-electromagnetic interference and long-distance monitoring. However, existing fiber optic solutions still have the following bottlenecks:

[0006] Traditional optical fibers are limited in power transmission, making them incapable of supporting the high-power demands of high-definition cameras and multi-sensor collaboration. Continuous high-power laser transmission can easily create localized hotspots in the fiber core, accelerating fiber aging and shortening its service life. Existing systems often rely on fixed-interval power supply or remote cloud-based decision-making, making them unable to adapt in real time to unexpected conditions such as icing and oscillation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the above technical issues, a multi-fiber dynamic power supply intelligent monitoring method for power transmission lines is proposed, comprising a local control terminal for supplying power to multiple monitoring terminals and receiving multimodal monitoring data transmitted back from them. The local control terminal comprises a laser power supply module, a data demodulation module, and a dynamic optical energy balancing control module.

[0008] A monitoring terminal is used to collect conductor operating status parameters and image information and transmit them back to the local control terminal via a signal optical fiber;

[0009] A multi-core power optical fiber, used to connect the local control terminal with multiple monitoring terminals, the multi-core power optical fiber comprising multiple parallel energy optical fibers and one signal optical fiber, supporting physically isolated transmission of laser power supply and multi-wavelength communication;

[0010] The optical energy dynamic balancing control module performs differentiated energy supply scheduling on multiple monitoring terminals based on the risk status of the conductors to achieve dynamic optimization allocation of energy resources.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the intelligent monitoring method for a multi-fiber dynamic power supply transmission line described in the present invention, wherein: the multi-core power optical fiber includes a signal optical fiber located in the center and a plurality of energy optical fibers arranged symmetrically around it;

[0012] An isolation structure for reducing signal interference is provided between the signal optical fiber and the energy optical fiber;

[0013] The signal optical fiber is used to transmit back a variety of monitoring information, and the energy optical fiber is used to supply energy to the monitoring terminal in parallel.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent monitoring method for a multi-fiber dynamic energy supply transmission line described in the present invention, each energy fiber of the multi-core power optical fiber is coated with a graphene thermal conductive layer, and an aluminum nitride fiber braided layer is provided outside the graphene thermal conductive layer;

[0015] The graphene heat-conducting layer is used to conduct heat generated by laser transmission along the axial direction of the energy optical fiber, and the aluminum nitride fiber braided layer is used to enhance the radial heat dissipation capacity of the outer layer of the optical fiber;

[0016] The two-layer structure collaboratively constructs longitudinal and radial heat conduction paths, thereby suppressing local temperature rise and improving the overall thermal stability of the optical fiber during high-power continuous laser transmission.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent monitoring method for a multi-fiber dynamic power supply transmission line according to the present invention, the monitoring terminal includes an integrated multi-modal sensing structure, which includes at least:

[0018] A tension sensor for detecting conductor tension;

[0019] Environmental status sensor group for obtaining ambient temperature, humidity and wind speed;

[0020] A video acquisition component used to collect video image information.

[0021] As a preferred solution of the intelligent monitoring method for a multi-fiber dynamic energy supply transmission line described in the present invention, wherein: the monitoring terminal further includes a communication laser and a wavelength division multiplexing module;

[0022] The communication laser is used to modulate multiple monitoring data into laser signals of different wavelengths;

[0023] The wavelength division multiplexing module is used to combine the laser signals and transmit them to the local control terminal through the signal optical fiber.

[0024] As a preferred solution of the intelligent monitoring method for a multi-fiber dynamic power supply transmission line described in the present invention, wherein: the laser power supply module includes multiple power supply lasers and a multi-port laser coupler;

[0025] Wherein, each of the power supply lasers is used to generate a high-power laser signal of a preset wavelength;

[0026] The multi-port laser coupler is configured to couple the high-power laser signal to a plurality of energy fiber channels arranged in parallel in the multi-core power optical fiber, so as to realize parallel power supply to a plurality of monitoring terminals.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent monitoring method for a multi-fiber dynamic power supply transmission line according to the present invention, the data demodulation module includes a semiconductor optical amplifier, a CWDM demultiplexer, and a signal demodulator; wherein the semiconductor optical amplifier is used to amplify the gain of the low-power communication laser signal transmitted back through the signal optical fiber;

[0028] The CWDM demultiplexer is used to perform wavelength division separation on monitoring data signals and video signals of different wavelengths.

[0029] As a preferred solution of the intelligent monitoring method for a multi-fiber dynamic energy supply transmission line described in the present invention, wherein: the dynamic light energy balancing control module includes a data scoring unit, a risk grading unit and an energy supply scheduling unit;

[0030] The data scoring unit is used to normalize the multimodal data sent back by the monitoring terminal, and calculate the icing score and dancing score of the conductor status based on a preset scoring model;

[0031] The risk grading unit is configured to categorize the status of the monitoring terminal into different risk levels;

[0032] The energy supply scheduling unit is used to allocate energy supply duration according to the risk level and generate an energy allocation matrix in combination with the laser output power limit.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent monitoring method for a multi-fiber dynamic energy supply transmission line according to the present invention, the local control terminal further includes a closed-loop energy compensation module, which calculates the corresponding theoretical loss and the required compensation power based on the received power information fed back by the monitoring terminal and the preset optical fiber transmission distance;

[0034] The compensation control signal is output through the digital-to-analog converter connected to the laser energy supply module to dynamically adjust the laser output power.

[0035] As a preferred solution of the multi-fiber dynamic power supply intelligent monitoring method of the present invention, it is characterized by comprising: a local control terminal transmits high-power laser light to multiple monitoring terminals through a laser power supply module, and the monitoring terminals convert the energy light into electrical energy to drive tension, environment and image sensors to collect monitoring data;

[0036] The wavelength division multiplexing module modulates multiple channels of data into communication optical signals of different wavelengths and transmits them back to the local control terminal via the signal optical fiber.

[0037] After demodulation, the local control terminal conducts risk assessment on the data based on the status scoring model, prioritizes it, and generates an energy allocation matrix based on the energy supply strategy;

[0038] The laser power supply module outputs different channel powers accordingly; when the received power is lower than the threshold, the system performs closed-loop compensation and automatically adjusts the output based on the transmission distance and feedback power to ensure that the terminal can stably obtain the target power supply.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by adopting a "1+8" concentric circle structure consisting of a central signal optical fiber and a surrounding energy optical fiber, the physically isolated transmission of laser power supply and multi-wavelength communication is achieved. While improving the energy coupling efficiency, it effectively reduces the crosstalk between optical fiber channels and ensures stable data return.

[0040] The graphene thermal conductive layer coated on the outer surface of the energy optical fiber and the aluminum nitride fiber braided layer work together to construct vertical and horizontal heat conduction paths, allowing the heat generated by the high-power laser during continuous transmission to diffuse rapidly, significantly improving the thermal stability of the optical fiber, inhibiting the formation of local hot spots, and reducing the aging rate of the optical fiber.

[0041] The system combines multimodal sensing with distributed monitoring terminals, and uses communication lasers and wavelength division multiplexing modules to complete the synchronous return of multiple monitoring data and high-definition video signals within a single fiber, significantly improving data bandwidth utilization and monitoring coverage density.

[0042] The solar energy dynamic balancing control module introduces a risk identification and scoring model, and implements multi-level energy supply scheduling based on environmental parameters and conductor tension status, allowing high-risk line sections to obtain longer power supply time, thereby improving the rationality of the system's overall energy efficiency allocation and dynamic response capabilities under conditions of limited resources.

[0043] The closed-loop energy compensation mechanism dynamically corrects the laser output power based on the transmission distance and received power feedback, ensuring that remote terminal devices can stably obtain the target power, further enhancing the system's operational robustness and reliability in complex environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-core power optical fiber of a multi-fiber dynamic energy supply transmission line intelligent monitoring system provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a fiber optic energy supply system of an intelligent monitoring system for transmission lines with multi-fiber dynamic energy supply provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a light energy dynamic balancing decision system of an intelligent monitoring system for a multi-fiber dynamic energy supply transmission line provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 A flowchart of an intelligent monitoring system for a transmission line with multi-fiber dynamic energy supply is provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Example 1, with reference to Figure 2 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides an intelligent monitoring method for a multi-fiber dynamic power supply transmission line, comprising:

[0051] A local control terminal, used to supply energy to multiple monitoring terminals and receive multimodal monitoring data transmitted back from them, the local control terminal having a laser energy supply module, a data demodulation module, and a light energy dynamic balancing control module;

[0052] A monitoring terminal is used to collect conductor operating status parameters and image information and transmit them back to the local control terminal via a signal optical fiber;

[0053] A multi-core power optical fiber, used to connect the local control terminal with multiple monitoring terminals, the multi-core power optical fiber comprising multiple parallel energy optical fibers and one signal optical fiber, supporting physically isolated transmission of laser power supply and multi-wavelength communication;

[0054] The optical energy dynamic balancing control module performs differentiated energy supply scheduling on multiple monitoring terminals based on the risk status of the conductors to achieve dynamic optimization allocation of energy resources.

[0055] Figure 2 This is the schematic diagram of the optical fiber energy supply system. The local control terminal includes an energy supply laser module, a multi-port laser coupler, an SOA amplifier, a 5-channel CWDM demultiplexer, a demodulator, and a video receiver.

[0056] The energy supply laser module is used to output energy signals to the monitoring terminal in the form of laser through the energy core in the multi-core optical fiber.

[0057] The multi-port laser coupler is used to efficiently distribute the 1480nm laser output from the power laser module to 8 parallel energy fibers.

[0058] SOA amplifiers (semiconductor optical amplifiers) are used to amplify return signal light and compensate for long-distance transmission losses.

[0059] The 5-channel CWDM demultiplexer is used to separate the 5 wavelength mixed signals in the signal fiber.

[0060] It should be noted that the 5-channel CWDM demultiplexer is the preferred solution because CWDM technology is the optimal choice due to its low cost, low loss, and high isolation. DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is expensive and requires temperature control, making it unsuitable for harsh field environments. CWDM's 20nm channel spacing is perfectly suited to multi-wavelength transmission requirements, and its passive nature meets the system's low power requirements.

[0061] The five wavelengths used for the mixed signal were chosen because the five types of monitoring data (video, tension, temperature, humidity, and wind speed) require independent wavelength channels to prevent interference. The 1310-1625nm band covers the low-loss window of optical fiber, and the 20nm spacing effectively prevents spectral overlap. Each wavelength is targeted at a specific sensor, such as 1625nm for humidity sensing, while 1310nm retains ample bandwidth for video.

[0062] Wavelength isolation enables simultaneous transmission of multimodal data over a single fiber, resolving bandwidth competition and latency issues with traditional solutions. Five parallel channels ensure video does not block sensor signals, while ≥30dB isolation eliminates crosstalk and a passive design reduces power consumption.

[0063] The demodulator is used to analyze the wavelength offsets of 1510nm (tension), 1610nm (temperature), 1490 (wind speed), and 1625 (humidity).

[0064] It should be noted that 1310 nm is a typical low-loss window for fiber optic communications (see ITU-TG.652 fiber optic standard). The channel spacing of a CWDM (coarse wavelength division multiplexing) system is 20 nm, with center wavelengths ranging from 1270 nm to 1610 nm (see ITU-TG.694.2 standard). Signal channels of 1510 nm (tension), 1610 nm (temperature), 1490 nm (wind speed), and 1625 nm (humidity) were selected based on the characteristics of sensor transmission signals.

[0065] The video receiver is used to convert the 1310nm communication laser signal into an HDMI video stream and display the monitoring image in real time.

[0066] The local control terminal is used to integrate multi-sensor data and realize intelligent early warning through the dynamic light energy balance decision system.

[0067] AD5360 is used to expand the DAC of STM32H743

[0068] The monitoring terminal includes an optoelectronic converter, STM32H743, a monitoring terminal power supply module, a communication laser, a 5-channel CWDM multiplexer, a tension sensor, a humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor, a temperature sensor, and a high-definition camera.

[0069] The photoelectric converter is used to convert 1480nm energy light into electrical energy and supply power to the monitoring terminal.

[0070] This embodiment can use STM32H743 to collect signals from tension sensors, humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, temperature sensors, and high-definition cameras, and process and transmit them to communication lasers.

[0071] The STM32H743 is a high-performance microcontroller from STMicroelectronics. Its built-in 12-bit DAC and external 16-bit DAC (AD5360) can achieve precise control of the power of 10 lasers, and cooperate with the dynamic light energy balancing algorithm to complete real-time adjustment of the energy supply strategy.

[0072] It should be noted that the STM32H743 is a high-performance microcontroller (MCU) from STMicroelectronics. Through its built-in 12-bit DAC and external 16-bit DAC (model AD5360), it can achieve precise control of the power of 10 lasers and complete real-time adjustment of the energy supply strategy in conjunction with the dynamic light energy balancing algorithm.

[0073] The communication laser converts input data such as tension, humidity, wind speed, temperature, and HD camera video into communication laser signals, modulating the sensor data onto lasers of corresponding wavelengths. The tension signal corresponds to a wavelength of 1510nm, the temperature signal to 1610nm, the wind speed signal to 1490nm, the humidity signal to 1625nm, and the HD camera video signal to 1310nm.

[0074] The 5-channel CWDM multiplexer is used to combine 4 sensor signals and 1 video signal into a single signal fiber.

[0075] The tension sensor is installed between the tower cross arm and the conductor to sense the operating tension of the conductor in real time.

[0076] Wind speed sensors, humidity sensors, and temperature sensors are installed on the tower monitoring terminals connected to the conductors to sense the environmental conditions of the conductors.

[0077] High-definition cameras, installed on tower monitoring terminals, capture high-definition images and videos of conductors, insulators, hardware, and other equipment, identifying anomalies such as broken strands, rust, and icing. The monitoring terminal outputs a compressed video stream to the local control terminal.

[0078] The monitoring terminal power supply module includes lithium batteries and supercapacitors for storing electrical energy, drawing power directly from the photoelectric converter to support sudden high power consumption requirements.

[0079] Dynamic Solar Energy Balancing Decision System Segmentation: The transmission line is divided into 20km sections, each containing 10 tower monitoring devices. Set the TDM cycle: The default is 20 minutes, with each device allocated a 0.5-minute window to receive solar energy and transmit data.

[0080] The local control terminal has three modes: normal mode, abnormal mode, and recovery mode. Under normal operating conditions, power is polled at a default interval of 20 minutes, and the monitoring terminal transmits data back to the local control terminal. The STM32H743 MCU deployed in the local control terminal identifies and analyzes the returned data. When it detects ice and dancing on a tower monitoring device, it enters abnormal mode, which is triggered by the dynamic light energy balance decision system. In addition, the graded response sets different response strategies according to the risk level.

[0081] Since the basic power P of each monitoring terminal base It is the same. Within a time period (20 minutes), the optical fiber energy supply time of the conductor in normal state is 0.5 minutes.

[0082] When the conductor is in an ice-covered state, the optical fiber energy supply cycle should be reduced to 10 minutes, and the optical fiber energy supply time is 1 minute.

[0083] When the conductor is in a dancing state, the optical fiber energy supply cycle should also be 10 minutes, and the optical fiber energy supply time is 1.5 minutes.

[0084] When the conductor is iced and vibrating, the fiber optic power supply cycle should be shortened to 10 minutes, and the fiber optic power supply time should be 2 minutes. While meeting the energy needs of all monitoring terminal devices, excess energy should be prioritized for high-risk equipment.

[0085] The light energy dynamic balance decision system takes the wind speed, temperature, humidity, and conductor tension value data sent back by the monitoring terminal as input, and sets the corresponding light energy supply ratio according to the working status of the conductor. The conductor working status includes normal state, ice state, and dancing state.

[0086] The system enhances its anti-interference capability through continuous state verification: a moving time window (15 minutes in length, 5 minutes in increments) is used to perform sliding review of the judgment results, requiring each state to appear in at least three consecutive overlapping windows before final confirmation. During project deployment, all judgment logic is executed in real time on the local control terminal STM32 series MCU (a single calculation takes less than 10ms), and the output results include state labels and power allocation matrices.

[0087] In the monitoring terminal, the temperature sensor and humidity sensor are connected through I 2 The C interface is connected to the monitoring terminal STM32H743 main control, the tension sensor is connected to the monitoring terminal STM32H743 main control through the SPI interface, the wind speed sensor is connected to the monitoring terminal STM32H743 main control through the UART interface, and the camera is connected to the monitoring terminal STM32H743 main control through the DCMI interface.

[0088] The tension sensor model is FUTEK LSB305, the temperature sensor model is Maxim Integrated MAX31865, the humidity sensor model is Sensirion SHT45, the wind speed sensor model is Gill Wind Sonic M, and the high-definition camera model is FLIRAX8.

[0089] Working process: The local control terminal power supply laser module emits 1480nm energy light, which is divided into multiple energy lights through a multi-port laser coupler and enters the 8 parallel energy channels of the multi-core optical fiber. When the 1480nm energy light reaches the monitoring terminal, it is converted into electrical energy through a photoelectric converter, and the electrical energy is used to power the monitoring terminal. The monitoring terminal collects information from the tension sensor, humidity sensor, wind speed sensor, temperature sensor, and high-definition camera connected to it, and transmits the processed information to the monitoring terminal main control STM32H743. The terminal main control STM32H743 generates 1550nm, 1625nm, 1490nm, 1590nm, and 1310nm signal light through the communication laser and 5-channel CWDM multiplexer. The signal light transmits the sensor signal and video signal of the remote monitoring terminal back to the local through the signal channel of the multi-core optical fiber. The communication signal is decoupled by the optical coupling signal, and the SOA amplifier, splitter, and demodulator are used to extract the monitoring terminal sensor signal and input it into the light energy dynamic balance decision system that has been arranged on the STC32H743. ice 、S gallop The light energy dynamic balance decision system obtains the monitoring data collected by the tension, humidity, wind speed, temperature sensors and high-definition cameras of the monitoring terminal. The normalization method is used to map the data of each sensor to the [0,1] interval and establish a state scoring model. According to the scoring threshold (0.7), the conductor status is divided into four levels of priority: ice-covered and dancing (S ice >0.7 and S gallop >0.7), dancing(S gallop >0.7), ice cover (S ice >0.7) and normal conditions, and dynamically adjusts the fiber energy supply strategy accordingly. The energy supply system utilizes a 1+8 composite multi-core fiber architecture. The STM32H743 controller collaborates with the built-in 12-bit DAC and the AD5360 external 16-bit DAC to precisely control the power of 10 laser channels. The OPA2188 op amp is used to adapt the voltage from 0-3.3V to 0-5V. A closed-loop energy compensation algorithm is proposed. Based on the monitoring terminal's received power P_received and the transmission distance L, the compensation power is calculated to effectively overcome fiber transmission loss (β = 0.25dB / km). The system implements an optimized energy allocation strategy based on state priority. Within a 20-minute cycle, energy supply windows of 4, 3, 2, and 0.5 minutes are configured for iced and dancing, dancing, iced, and normal conditions, respectively, ensuring that high-risk equipment receives priority energy. This solution significantly improves the reliability of transmission line condition monitoring and the energy efficiency of the energy supply system.

[0090] Example 2, reference Figure 1 , which is a second embodiment of the present invention, provides an intelligent monitoring system for a transmission line with multi-fiber dynamic energy supply, comprising:

[0091] The local control terminal and the monitoring terminal are connected via a multi-core power optical fiber.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-core power optical fiber comprises multiple optical fibers, one of which is a signal optical fiber used to transmit sensor information and high-definition camera images collected by the monitoring terminal to the local control terminal. Multiple parallel power optical fibers are used to transmit 1480nm energy light for power supply.

[0093] Multi-core power optical fiber design Figure 1 As shown, the multi-core power optical fiber adopts a "1+8" concentric circle structure, with eight large-mode-area, ultra-low-loss optical fibers arranged symmetrically in a ring. They are used to transmit 1480nm laser light. A single-mode signal fiber (SMF-9μm) is used for communication data transmission. The diameter of this multi-core optical fiber is 5mm.

[0094] Among them, 1 is an outer aluminum nitride fiber braid with a radial thermal conductivity of ≥200W / mK. The outer aluminum nitride fiber braid provides radial heat dissipation. 2 is a polyimide coating with a temperature resistance of >300°C and a bending radius of ≤30mm. 3 is a peripheral energy fiber. There are eight peripheral energy fibers arranged in a ring on the outside, with the angle between two adjacent energy fibers and the central signal fiber being 45°. 4 is a graphene thermal conductive layer that wraps each energy fiber core (thickness 10μm, thermal conductivity ≥1500W / mK) to control the local hotspot temperature difference within ±5°C. 5 is an inner low-refractive-index fluorine-doped silica layer. 6 is the central signal fiber core. The central signal core is a single-mode signal fiber with a core diameter of 9μm, used to transmit sensor data and video signals. The loss coefficient is 0.2dB / km, the tensile strength is ≥100kpsi, and the numerical aperture (NA) is 0.14.

[0095] The outer fiber core consists of 8 large mode area-ultra-low loss optical fibers (LMA-ULL, 50μm core diameter) used to transmit 1480nm high-power lasers.

[0096] The "1+8" concentric ring structure effectively suppresses crosstalk. The signal and power cores are physically isolated (center-to-center distance ≥ 150μm) and separated by a low-refractive-index fluorine-doped layer (refractive index difference Δ = 0.5%), ensuring crosstalk ≤ -60dB. The power cores are symmetrically arranged in a circular pattern to avoid unilateral thermal stress concentration and reduce bending loss (measured additional loss < 0.1dB for a bending radius ≤ 30mm).

[0097] Traditional optical fibers usually adopt a single-core design with a single function, and are only used for data transmission or energy transmission. They have a simple structure and lack efficient heat dissipation or anti-interference design. Their core size is small, heat dissipation relies on the base coating, and their mechanical strength is limited, making them difficult to adapt to the needs of high-power transmission or complex environments. In addition, traditional optical fibers are prone to heat during high-power energy transmission, resulting in reduced efficiency and signal interference; if attempts are made to transmit energy and data simultaneously, crosstalk is severe, affecting stability. In addition, their tensile strength, bending strength, and temperature resistance are insufficient, making it difficult to meet the long-term reliable operation requirements of harsh scenarios such as high-voltage transmission lines.

[0098] This invention utilizes a specialized multi-core power fiber structure, achieving parallel transmission of energy and data through physical isolation. It incorporates a graphene thermal conductive layer and an aluminum nitride braid to address heat dissipation, supporting high-power laser transmission (single fiber ≥10W). Its large-mode-area fiber design, bend-resistant and temperature-resistant coating (temperature resistant >300°C), and annular symmetrical arrangement significantly improve transmission efficiency, environmental adaptability, and mechanical reliability, perfectly meeting the multimodal requirements of intelligent transmission line monitoring.

[0099] This preferred technical solution utilizes a "1+8" concentric multi-core fiber structure, with eight power fibers connected in parallel to transmit 1480nm laser light (each fiber ≥10W power). Combined with a graphene thermal conductive layer and aluminum nitride braid, this solution achieves a 30% increase in energy transmission efficiency and zero crosstalk (≤-60dB). Single-mode signal fibers simultaneously transmit five channels of CWDM sensor data and video, addressing the unstable power supply and insufficient bandwidth issues of traditional solutions.

[0100] Example 3, which is the third embodiment of the present invention, provides an intelligent monitoring system for a transmission line with multi-fiber dynamic energy supply, including:

[0101] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a local control terminal provides power to each monitoring terminal on a fixed cycle. Each monitoring terminal receives laser energy within a uniform time window (e.g., 0.5 minutes every 20 minutes). Laser output power remains constant, and real-time terminal status scoring and scheduling are not performed. This approach is suitable for transmission lines in low-risk, stable climate regions, offering a simplified structure and low cost, but also lower responsiveness and energy efficiency.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the local control terminal integrates a dynamic light energy balancing control module, combined with an STM32H743 master controller and a 12 / 16-bit hybrid DAC structure, to achieve microsecond-level precision control of 10-channel laser power. The system uses multimodal sensor data (tension, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and image) to calculate icing and dancing scores through a scoring model, and implements differentiated energy supply scheduling based on four risk levels: high-risk nodes receive a 4-minute energy supply window, which is 8 times that of low-risk nodes. A closed-loop compensation algorithm is also introduced to adjust the laser power output in real time based on the received power and fiber distance, ensuring that the terminal receives a stable 5W energy supply.

[0103] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring terminal is configured as a basic sensing structure, which only includes a temperature sensor and an image acquisition module. The temperature sensor is connected to the image acquisition module. 2 The C interface connects to the MCU, and the image module collects images through the DCMI cable and periodically uploads them to the local terminal. This solution is low-cost and suitable for scenarios with stable weather and image monitoring as the main focus.

[0104] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring terminal is constructed as a highly integrated multi-modal sensing system, integrating a tension sensor (SPI interface), a temperature sensor (I 2 C interface), humidity sensor (UART interface), wind speed sensor (analog or serial port), and HD video acquisition component (DCMI). The STM32H743 master controller uniformly processes all types of data, packages, encodes, and uploads them. CWDM multiplexing technology modulates the five types of data onto different wavelengths (1310–1625nm) to ensure synchronous transmission.

[0105] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the multi-core optical fiber utilizes a conventional "bundled parallel layout" structure, placing several power fibers alongside a single signal fiber within the same sheathing structure. The fibers are not clearly isolated from each other, relying solely on conventional coatings for protection. This structure facilitates construction and maintenance, and is suitable for transmission areas with low power supply accuracy requirements and simple monitoring requirements.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-core optical fiber adopts a "1+8" concentric circular symmetrical structure, with a single-mode signal optical fiber in the center and 8 symmetrically distributed large-mode field energy optical fibers (core diameter 50 μm, NA = 0.22) around it. Each energy optical fiber is wrapped with a graphene thermal conductive layer and further coated with an aluminum nitride fiber layer (thermal conductivity ≥ 200 W / mK). The center spacing of the optical fibers is ≥ 150 μm, and a fluorine-doped low refractive index layer is provided to achieve optical isolation (crosstalk ≤ -60 dB).

[0107] Example 4, with reference to Figure 3-Figure 4 The fourth embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring method for a multi-fiber dynamic power supply transmission line, comprising:

[0108] Step 1. The local control terminal's main STM32H743 reads sensor data and determines the conductor's operating status. The overall process for acquiring sensor data is as follows: The monitoring terminal collects information from the connected tension sensor, humidity sensor, wind speed sensor, temperature sensor, and high-definition camera. This information is processed and generated through a communication laser and a 5-channel CWDM multiplexer to generate signal light at 1550nm, 1625nm, 1490nm, 1590nm, and 1310nm, respectively. This signal light transmits the sensor signals and video signals from the remote monitoring terminal back to the local terminal via the signal channel of a multi-core optical fiber. The communication signal is decoupled through an optical coupling signal, and the SOA amplifier, separator, and demodulator are used to extract the monitoring terminal sensor signal. The sensor data read from the demodulator is an electrical signal.

[0109] The input is the wind speed, humidity, temperature, and conductor tension value of the monitoring terminal of each section of the line, and the output is the line working status. There are three working states: normal state, ice-covered state, and dancing state.

[0110] Step 1.1 Normalize the sensor data read and map it to the [0,1] interval.

[0111] The description of each parameter and the corresponding normalization formula are as follows:

[0112] The humidity (RH) threshold range is 0% to 100%, and the normalization formula is RH norm =RH / 100

[0113] The wind speed (V) threshold range is 0-30m / s, and the normalization formula is V norm =V / 30

[0114] The temperature (T) threshold range is -30-50 degrees Celsius, and the normalization formula is T norm =(T+30) / 80 Tension (F), F0 is the design tension. The physical range of tension F is 0-2F0. The normalized formula is:

[0115] F norm =F / 2F0

[0116] Step 1.2 Calculate S based on the state scoring model ice 、S gallop Score, the status scoring model is as follows:

[0117]

[0118] Among them, T norm is the normalized temperature value, the value range is in the interval [0,1], RH normis the normalized humidity value, the value range is in the interval [0,1], V norm is the normalized wind speed value, and its value range is in the interval [0,1]. is the time rate of change of the normalized wire tension, which is used to reflect the dynamic characteristics of the dancing. ice is the ice cover status score (range [0,1]), the larger the value, the higher the ice cover risk. gallop Score the dancing state (range [0,1]), where larger values ​​indicate higher dancing risk.

[0119] The model quantifies physical quantities such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and dynamic changes in tension into a unified score through multi-sensor data fusion. It can realize ice cover recognition (S ice ), dance recognition (S gallop ), graded response.

[0120] The power industry standard states that the risk of icing increases significantly when humidity exceeds 80% and temperature is less than -5°C. Icing depends primarily on humidity (condensation) and low temperatures (freezing conditions), while excessively high wind speeds inhibit icing. Therefore, the weightings for humidity (0.5), temperature (0.4), and wind speed (0.1) are calculated.

[0121] The wind speed is the main factor in the dancing score (weight 0.6), because dancing requires wind energy input; the tension change rate (weight 0.4) reflects the vibration amplitude of the wire. gallop When >0.7, the conductor amplitude exceeds the designed safety limit and emergency intervention is required.

[0122] Step 1.3 Based on S ice 、S gallop The score determines the wire status and sets the priority:

[0123] If S ice >0.7 and S gallop >0.7, the wire status is returned to ice-covered and dancing, with the priority being level 1.

[0124] If S ice <0.7 and S gallop >0.7, the wire status is returned to dancing and the priority is the second level.

[0125] If S ice >0.7 and S gallop <0.7, the wire status is returned to ice coverage and the priority is level 3.

[0126] If S ice <0.7 and S gallop <0.7, the wire status returns to normal and the priority is level 4.

[0127] Step 1.4 determines the fiber energy supply priority based on the conductor status and adjusts the energy supply strategy based on the energy supply priority. Different fiber energy supply priorities give different energy supply priority adjustment strategies. The maximum total output power of the laser is P max , each monitoring terminal must meet the minimum energy requirement E within the period T min ,E min =P base *Δt min , where P base The basic power consumption of the device is 5W, Δt min The minimum energy supply window is 0.5 minutes.

[0128] Since the basic power P of the monitoring terminal base The same applies. However, within a 20-minute period, the fiber optic power supply time for a normal conductor is 0.5 minutes. When the conductor is iced, the fiber optic power supply time should be reduced to 10 minutes, or 1 minute. When the conductor is dancing, the fiber optic power supply time should also be 10 minutes, or 1.5 minutes. When the conductor is iced and dancing, the fiber optic power supply time should be reduced to 10 minutes, or 2 minutes. While meeting the energy needs of all monitoring terminal devices, excess energy should be prioritized for high-risk equipment.

[0129] Step 1.5 Based on the power supply laser module P total Calculate the total available energy E total energy

[0130] The calculation formula is:

[0131] E total energy =P total *20*60

[0132] Among them, E total energy is the total energy in 20 minutes (J),

[0133] Step 1.6 Calculate the energy required for each optical fiber

[0134] If the conductor is ice-covered and dancing, use the following formula to calculate the energy required by the monitoring terminal device:

[0135] E energy need =P base *4*60

[0136] If the conductor state is galloping, use the following formula to calculate the required energy of the monitoring terminal device:

[0137] E energy need =P base *3*60

[0138] If the conductor is iced, use the following formula to calculate the energy required by the monitoring terminal device:

[0139] E energy need =P base *2*60

[0140] If the wire status is normal, use the following formula to calculate the energy required by the monitoring terminal device:

[0141] E energyneed =P base *0.5*60

[0142] E totalenergy is the total available energy, P base Indicates the basic power of the monitoring terminal.

[0143] It should be noted that the 20 in the formula refers to the energy supply cycle of 20 minutes, and 60 is the unit conversion coefficient (1 minute = 60 seconds), which converts power (W) × time (min) into energy (J).

[0144] 3, 4, 2, and 0.5 are time coefficients, which mean the energy supply duration under different risk levels; 60 is the unit conversion coefficient (1 minute = 60 seconds), which converts power (W) × time (min) into energy (J).

[0145] These values ​​(4, 3, 2, and 0.5 minutes) were determined through experimental verification based on the minimum energy requirements of equipment at different risk levels: Icing and dancing (4 minutes) requires support for de-icing and high-frequency monitoring, dancing (3 minutes) requires enhanced vibration sampling, icing (2 minutes) requires continuous environmental monitoring, and normal conditions (0.5 minutes) maintain only basic functionality. The ratio of values ​​(8:6:4:1) ensures that high-risk nodes receive significantly more energy. Meanwhile, 60 seconds is used for unit conversion, ensuring that total energy allocation strictly matches the system constraints of a 20-minute cycle, balancing reliability and energy efficiency.

[0146] Step 1.7 dynamically allocates energy and supplies energy in order of priority. The monitoring terminal equipment with the first priority is supplied with energy first and is supplied with energy according to the first-level energy supply strategy.

[0147] Priority 2 monitoring devices must ensure sufficient energy for priority 1 monitoring devices, and will be powered using the second-level energy supply strategy. If the time window scheduling margin is insufficient, priority 2 monitoring devices can be powered using the third-level energy supply strategy.

[0148] Priority level 3 monitoring devices must ensure sufficient energy for priority level 1 and 2 monitoring devices, and then be powered using the third-level power supply strategy. If the time window scheduling margin is insufficient, priority level 3 monitoring devices can be powered using the fourth-level power supply strategy.

[0149] Priority level 4 monitoring terminals must ensure sufficient energy for priority level 1, 2, and 3 monitoring terminals, and therefore adopt the fourth-level energy supply strategy. If the scheduling margin in the time window is insufficient, priority level 4 monitoring terminals can adopt the low-power energy supply strategy. This strategy uses the lithium battery and capacitors in the monitoring terminal power supply module, rather than optical fiber. The final output is the energy allocation matrix.

[0150] Step 2 Power allocation and laser control process:

[0151] This step is for the controller to manage and operate the laser controller according to the energy distribution matrix. There are a total of 10 1+8 structured composite multi-core optical fibers.

[0152] This system uses an STM32H743 to manage 10 1+8 composite multi-core optical fibers through a laser cluster controller. The Lumentum HSA1480 laser array is a highly integrated multi-channel laser module with a maximum output power of 50W per channel. The following describes in detail how the STM32H743 distributes energy to the laser module by inputting voltage to the laser module through a DAC (such as the built-in DAC1 / DAC2) and then through an op amp buffer (OPA2188).

[0153] The workflow is STM32H743DAC→OPA2188 op amp buffer→laser module→composite fiber energy core:

[0154] Step 2.1 uses the built-in 12-bit DAC of the STM32H743 to work in conjunction with multiple 16-bit AD5360 external DACs. The external AD5360 and STM32H743 are connected via the SPI bus to achieve synchronous update of 10 laser power control signals.

[0155] Step 2.2 OPA2188 is used for voltage adaptation.

[0156] The OPA2188 linearly amplifies the STM32 DAC (0-3.3V) output voltage to match the laser module's input voltage (0-5V). Lumentum laser modules achieve linear voltage-to-power mapping through a closed-loop power control circuit. This converts the input voltage into a drive current via a precision resistor network. This drive current then adjusts the laser diode bias, maintaining laser power stability through built-in PD feedback.

[0157] Parameter description: The STM32H743 built-in DAC has a 12-bit resolution and a 0-3.3V output, which is used for channel power setting.

[0158] The AD5360 external DAC has a 16-bit resolution, an SPI interface, and ±1LSB accuracy, and is used to expand multi-channel control.

[0159] The OPA2188 op amp has a bandwidth of 10MHz and a slew rate of 20V / μs and is used for voltage amplification and driving.

[0160] The Lumentum laser module has a parameter of 0-10W corresponding to an input of 0-5V and a linearity of ±0.5%, and is used to convert electrical energy into light energy.

[0161] Step 3 Closed-loop energy compensation:

[0162] This step is a closed-loop energy compensation algorithm used to compensate for fiber energy propagation loss. The energy loss during optical propagation is calculated based on the distance L between the local control terminal and the line monitoring terminal, the operating time t, the operating temperature T, and the received power transmitted back from the monitoring terminal.

[0163] Step 3.1 The local control terminal obtains the total power of the monitoring section from the signal light transmitted back from the monitoring terminal. Then, the energy supply to the monitoring section is increased through the loss compensation algorithm to ensure that the monitoring section equipment can work normally. The minimum operating power of the equipment is 5W

[0164] Step 3.2 Loss compensation algorithm:

[0165] The following is a loss compensation algorithm. Its inputs are the power received by the monitoring segment equipment, the transmission distance L from the monitoring segment to the local control terminal, and the loss coefficient of the energy fiber, which is 0.25 dB / km. The transmission distance L is preset in the local control terminal's flash memory.

[0166] Step 3.2.1 Obtain the monitoring terminal receiving power:

[0167] The monitoring terminal collects the output power of the photoelectric converter through the ADC and converts it into actual power. This power is used as the received power P received , which is encoded by the monitoring terminal into the returned signal light.

[0168] Step 3.2.2 Calculate the power to be compensated based on the monitoring terminal receiving power and transmission distance:

[0169] The power transmission loss of energy optical fiber follows an exponential law:

[0170]

[0171] This formula is a classic transmission loss model in the field of optical fiber communications (an engineering expression of the Beer-Lambert law), used to describe the exponential attenuation of optical power with distance. Its universality has been confirmed by the ITU-TG.652 standard.

[0172] Among them, P received P is the actual power measured by the monitoring terminal (unit: W), send is the local control end transmission power (unit: W), β is the optical fiber loss coefficient (0.25dB / km), and L is the transmission distance (unit: km)

[0173] To ensure that the monitoring terminal obtains the minimum working power P base =5W, the transmission power that the local control terminal needs to compensate is:

[0174]

[0175] P margin The safety margin is generally 0.5W to resist instantaneous fluctuations.

[0176] Compensation power formula By dynamically calculating the transmission power, the monitoring end is guaranteed to obtain 5W of working energy stably after the optical fiber is lost. The loss coefficient β = 0.25dB / km, which is the loss coefficient value of LMA-ULL optical fiber at 1480nm wavelength. Safety margin P margin =0.5W can be determined through historical data statistics.

[0177] Energy compensation algorithm implementation steps:

[0178] 1. Read the current received power P received ;

[0179] 2. If P received <5W will trigger compensation;

[0180] 3. Calculate theoretical loss:

[0181] 4. Calculate the required transmission power:

[0182] 5. Output P compensated To DAC, DAC controls the laser module to increase output power;

[0183] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the dynamic light energy balancing decision system, which is divided into the following three steps:

[0184] Step 1. Status Perception and Classification:

[0185] Through the normalization processing of multi-sensor data, a dual-indicator scoring model of icing (S_ice) and dancing (S_ice) was established, and the transmission line status was dynamically divided into four risk levels with a threshold of 0.7, achieving accurate identification from "double high risk" to "safe state".

[0186] Step 2. Dynamic energy scheduling:

[0187] Based on a 20-minute cycle, the energy supply duration is differentiated according to the risk level (4 minutes / 3 minutes / 2 minutes / 0.5 minutes), with priority given to ensuring power supply to high-risk monitoring points. The remaining energy forms a dynamic reserve pool to support secondary flexible deployment.

[0188] Step 3. Closed-loop compensation control:

[0189] Combined with the optical fiber transmission loss model, the STM32H743's hybrid DAC system compensates the laser power output in real time, ensuring that the monitoring terminal stably obtains the minimum operating energy of 5W, forming a "perception-decision-compensation" closed loop.

[0190] Figure 4 This is the system flow chart, Step 1. Light energy transmission and data return:

[0191] The local control terminal transmits 1480nm laser energy in 8 channels through multi-core optical fibers. The monitoring terminal converts the light energy into electrical energy to drive the sensor group (tension / humidity / wind speed / temperature / video), and transmits the monitoring data back through 5-wavelength CWDM signal light.

[0192] Step 2. Intelligent status classification:

[0193] Normalize the sensor data and establish the ice cover (S ice ) and dancing (S gallop ) dual-index scoring model, with a threshold of 0.7, divides risk priorities into four levels, and realizes automatic judgment from "dancing on ice" to "normal state".

[0194] Step 3. Dynamic energy scheduling:

[0195] Energy is supplied differently according to risk levels within a 20-minute cycle (4 minutes for level 1 → 0.5 minutes for level 4). The 12 / 16-bit hybrid DAC system of the STM32H743 is used to precisely control 10 lasers, and the OPA2188 op amp is used to achieve 0-5V voltage adaptation.

[0196] Step 4. Real-time loss compensation:

[0197] Based on the transmission distance L and the received power P received , a compensation formula is used to dynamically compensate the laser output to ensure that the monitoring terminal can stably obtain 5W working energy and form an anti-loss closed-loop control.

[0198] It should be noted that, based on a dual-metric scoring model, the system dynamically allocates power supply duration within a 20-minute cycle: Equipment on iced and waving lines receives priority for four minutes of full power (priority level 1), increasing power supply capacity for high-risk nodes by eightfold. The STM32H743 uses a 12- / 16-bit hybrid DAC to precisely control the power of 10 lasers, ensuring on-demand energy distribution.

[0199] Furthermore, a real-time transmission loss compensation algorithm is proposed. Based on the distance (km) and received power, the transmission power is dynamically increased, ensuring that the monitoring terminal receives a stable 5W of operating power at a distance of 20km. The polyimide coating (temperature resistance >300°C) and bending-resistant structure (additional loss <0.1dB with a radius ≤30mm) are adaptable to harsh environments.

[0200] Furthermore, integrated pull (SPI interface), temperature (I 2 C), humidity (UART), wind speed (DCMI) and high-definition video images are achieved through single-fiber transmission via 5-wavelength CWDM multiplexing (1310-1625nm). Supercapacitors + lithium battery packs ensure continuous monitoring capabilities in the event of sudden power outages.

[0201] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent monitoring system for power transmission lines with multi-fiber dynamic energy supply, characterized by: include, A local control terminal, used to supply energy to multiple monitoring terminals and receive multimodal monitoring data transmitted back from them, the local control terminal having a laser energy supply module, a data demodulation module, and a light energy dynamic balancing control module; A monitoring terminal is used to collect conductor operating status parameters and image information and transmit them back to the local control terminal via a signal optical fiber; A multi-core power optical fiber, used to connect the local control terminal with multiple monitoring terminals, the multi-core power optical fiber comprising multiple parallel energy optical fibers and one signal optical fiber, supporting physically isolated transmission of laser power supply and multi-wavelength communication; The optical energy dynamic balancing control module performs differentiated energy supply scheduling on multiple monitoring terminals based on the risk status of the conductors to achieve dynamic optimization allocation of energy resources.

2. The intelligent monitoring system for a multi-fiber dynamic power transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-core power optical fiber includes a signal optical fiber located in the center and a plurality of energy optical fibers arranged symmetrically around the center. An isolation structure for reducing signal interference is provided between the signal optical fiber and the energy optical fiber; The signal optical fiber is used to transmit back a variety of monitoring information, and the energy optical fiber is used to supply energy to the monitoring terminal in parallel.

3. The intelligent monitoring system for a multi-fiber dynamic power transmission line according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each energy optical fiber of the multi-core power optical fiber is coated with a graphene heat-conducting layer, and an aluminum nitride fiber braided layer is provided outside the graphene heat-conducting layer; The graphene heat-conducting layer is used to conduct heat generated by laser transmission along the axial direction of the energy optical fiber, and the aluminum nitride fiber braided layer is used to enhance the radial heat dissipation capacity of the outer layer of the optical fiber; The two-layer structure collaboratively constructs longitudinal and radial heat conduction paths, thereby suppressing local temperature rise and improving the overall thermal stability of the optical fiber during high-power continuous laser transmission.

4. The intelligent monitoring system for a multi-fiber dynamic power transmission line according to claim 3, characterized in that: The monitoring terminal includes an integrated multimodal sensing structure, which includes at least: A tension sensor for detecting conductor tension; Environmental status sensor group for obtaining ambient temperature, humidity and wind speed; A video acquisition component used to collect video image information.

5. The intelligent monitoring system for a power transmission line with multi-fiber dynamic energy supply according to claim 4, characterized in that: The monitoring terminal also includes a communication laser and a wavelength division multiplexing module; The communication laser is used to modulate multiple monitoring data into laser signals of different wavelengths; The wavelength division multiplexing module is used to combine the laser signals and transmit them to the local control terminal through the signal optical fiber.

6. The intelligent monitoring system for a multi-fiber dynamic power transmission line according to claim 5, characterized in that: The laser power supply module includes multiple power supply lasers and a multi-port laser coupler; Wherein, each of the power supply lasers is used to generate a high-power laser signal of a preset wavelength; The multi-port laser coupler is configured to couple the high-power laser signal to a plurality of energy fiber channels arranged in parallel in the multi-core power optical fiber, so as to realize parallel power supply to a plurality of monitoring terminals.

7. The intelligent monitoring system for a power transmission line with multi-fiber dynamic energy supply according to claim 6, characterized in that: The data demodulation module includes a semiconductor optical amplifier, a CWDM demultiplexer and a signal demodulator; wherein the semiconductor optical amplifier is used to gain amplify the low-power communication laser signal transmitted back in the signal optical fiber; The CWDM demultiplexer is used to perform wavelength division separation on monitoring data signals and video signals of different wavelengths.

8. The intelligent monitoring system for a multi-fiber dynamic power transmission line according to claim 7, characterized in that: The light energy dynamic balance control module includes a data scoring unit, a risk grading unit and an energy supply scheduling unit; The data scoring unit is used to normalize the multimodal data sent back by the monitoring terminal, and calculate the icing score and dancing score of the conductor status based on a preset scoring model; The risk grading unit is configured to categorize the status of the monitoring terminal into different risk levels; The energy supply scheduling unit is used to allocate energy supply duration according to risk levels and generate an energy allocation matrix in combination with laser output power limitations.

9. The intelligent monitoring system for a power transmission line with multi-fiber dynamic energy supply according to claim 8, characterized in that: The local control terminal further includes a closed-loop energy compensation module, which calculates the corresponding theoretical loss and required compensation power based on the received power information fed back by the monitoring terminal and the preset optical fiber transmission distance; The compensation control signal is output through the digital-to-analog converter connected to the laser energy supply module to dynamically adjust the laser output power.

10. A method for intelligent monitoring of a transmission line with multi-fiber dynamic energy supply, using the intelligent monitoring system for a transmission line with multi-fiber dynamic energy supply according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: The local control terminal transmits high-power laser light to multiple monitoring terminals through the laser power supply module. The monitoring terminals convert the energy light into electrical energy to drive the tension, environment and image sensors to collect monitoring data. The wavelength division multiplexing module modulates multiple channels of data into communication optical signals of different wavelengths and transmits them back to the local control terminal via the signal optical fiber. After demodulation, the local control terminal conducts risk assessment on the data based on the status scoring model, prioritizes it, and generates an energy allocation matrix based on the energy supply strategy; The laser power supply module outputs different channel powers accordingly; when the received power is lower than the threshold, the system performs closed-loop compensation and automatically adjusts the output based on the transmission distance and feedback power to ensure that the terminal can stably obtain the target power supply.

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