Method, architecture, apparatus and system for artificial intelligence-based virtual avatar functionality in communication systems

Abstract

Processes, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are described for implementing artificial intelligence (AI)-based virtual avatar functionality in a communication system. A method may include receiving, by a server, a request to instantiate a virtual avatar from an AI user equipment (UE) enabler, the request indicating an application identifier (ID) and an application type. The method may also include determining a virtual avatar server based on the application type, sending an instantiation command to the determined virtual avatar server, receiving a virtual avatar ID from the virtual avatar server, and sending a notification to an AI UE enabler. The notification may indicate a virtual avatar ID and a contact uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the virtual avatar.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of (i) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 444,494, filed on February 9, 2023, and (ii) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 444,491, filed on February 9, 2023; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] Example embodiments may generally relate to the fields of communications, software, and coding, including, for example, methods, architectures, devices, and / or systems related to artificial intelligence (AI)-based virtual avatar functionality in communication systems (such as 5G systems). Background Art

[0004] A communication system may be capable of providing content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system may enable multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources (including wireless bandwidth). For example, the communication system may employ one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail (ZT) unique word (UW) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-sOFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), etc. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments may relate to an apparatus that may include circuitry including any of a processor, a memory, a transmitter, and / or a receiver. The circuitry may be configured to receive a first request from a WTRU enabler associated with a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) to instantiate a service to be performed on behalf of the WTRU. The first request may include an indication of an application type and information about resources of the WTRU that may be shared with one or more service servers. The circuitry may be configured to select a service server based on the application type and to send a second request to instantiate the service on the service server. The second request may indicate information about resources of the WTRU that may be shared with the service server. The circuitry may be configured to receive a message from the service server confirming that the service has been instantiated and to send a notification to the WTRU enabler. The notification may indicate a contact uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the service. The apparatus may be configured to act as a bootstrapping function in a security establishment process between the WTRU enabler and the service server.

[0006] Embodiments may relate to a method comprising receiving, by an enabler server, a first request from a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) enabler associated with a WTRU, to instantiate a service to be performed on behalf of the WTRU. The first request may include an indication of an application type and information about resources of the WTRU that may be shared with one or more service servers. The method may include selecting a service server based on the application type and sending a second request to instantiate the service on the service server. The second request may indicate information about resources of the WTRU that may be shared with the service server. The method may include receiving a message from the service server confirming that the service has been instantiated and sending a notification to the WTRU enabler. The notification may indicate a contact uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the service. The enabler server is configured to act as a bootstrapping function in a security establishment process between the WTRU enabler and the service server.

[0007] In an embodiment, the service may include a virtual twin, and the service server may include a virtual twin server. In an embodiment, an identifier associated with the service may be received, and / or the notification sent to the WTRU enabler may also indicate the identifier associated with the service.

[0008] In an embodiment, the first request may include any of the following: an indication of an application identifier associated with an application hosted by the WTRU, information indicating which storage resources in the WTRU enabler should be mirrored in the device, and / or information indicating which storage resources in the WTRU enabler should be linked in the device (e.g., an enabler server).

[0009] In an embodiment, the second request may indicate a copy of the resource associated with the application identifier.In an embodiment, the second request may indicate a link to the resource associated with the application identifier.

[0010] In an embodiment, a configuration request may be received from a WTRU enabler, wherein the configuration request indicates any of a task description and task constraints associated with the task.

[0011] In an embodiment, a third request may be sent to the service server to initiate the task according to any of the task description and task constraints.

[0012] In an embodiment, the resources of the WTRU may include storage resources configured to store application-specific data associated with applications hosted on the WTRU.

[0013] Embodiments may relate to an apparatus that may include a circuit that includes any of a processor, a memory, and / or a transceiver. The circuit may be configured to send first information to an enabler server, the first information indicating a request to instantiate a virtual avatar. The first information may indicate an application type and information about resources of a UE that can be shared with the virtual avatar server. The circuit may be configured to receive an indication that the virtual avatar has been instantiated by the virtual avatar server. The indication may indicate a uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the instantiated virtual avatar. The circuit may be configured to: receive second information indicating a request for the virtual avatar to perform a task; and send configuration information to the enabler server. The configuration information may indicate a description of the task, restrictions associated with the task, and notification triggers associated with the task. The circuit may be configured to perform a security establishment process with the instantiated virtual avatar using the URI. The first information may also indicate an application instance identifier (ID) and an application instance identifier (ID) link to a resource of the apparatus, wherein the resource stores information associated with the application instance identifier (ID).

[0014] An embodiment may relate to a method that may include sending, by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), first information to an enabler server, the first information indicating a request to instantiate an avatar. The first information may indicate an application type and information about resources of the UE that may be shared with the avatar server. The method may include receiving an indication that an avatar has been instantiated by the avatar server. The indication may indicate or include a uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the instantiated avatar. The method may include: receiving second information indicating a request to perform a task on the avatar; and sending configuration information to the enabler server. The configuration information may include or may indicate a description of the task, restrictions associated with the task, and notification triggers associated with the task. The method may include performing a secure establishment procedure with the instantiated avatar using the URI. The first information may also indicate or include an application instance identifier (ID) and an application instance identifier (ID) link to a resource of the WTRU, wherein the resource stores information associated with the application instance identifier (ID). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following detailed description given as an example in conjunction with the drawings herein. Like the detailed description, each figure in such drawings is an example. Thus, the figures (figures) and detailed description should not be considered limiting, and other equally effective examples are possible and desirable. In addition, like reference numerals ("reference") in the figures indicate like elements, and wherein:

[0016] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system;

[0017] Figure 1B This diagram shows the Figure 1A A system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within a communication system is shown in FIG.

[0018] Figure 1C This diagram shows the Figure 1A A system diagram of an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used within a communication system illustrated in FIG.

[0019] Figure 1D This diagram shows the Figure 1A A system diagram of an additional example RAN and an additional example CN used within the communication system illustrated in FIG;

[0020] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example virtual twin service flow;

[0021] Figure 3 is an example architecture illustrating a virtual twin function in a 5G system according to an embodiment; and

[0022] Figure 4 is an example signal flow diagram according to an embodiment;

[0023] Figure 5 is an example signal flow diagram according to an embodiment;

[0024] Figure 6 is an example signal flow diagram according to an embodiment;

[0025] Figure 7 is an example signal flow diagram according to an embodiment;

[0026] Figure 8 is an example signal flow diagram according to an embodiment; and

[0027] Figure 9 is an example flow chart of a method according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In the following detailed description, many specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples can be put into practice without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other examples, well-known methods, processes, components and circuits have not yet been described in detail to avoid blurring the following description. Further, the embodiments and examples that are not specifically described herein can replace or be put into practice in conjunction with the embodiments and other examples described, disclosed or otherwise explicitly, implicitly and / or inherently provided (collectively referred to as "providing") as described herein. Although various embodiments in which devices, systems, equipment, etc. and / or any of its elements implement operations, processes, algorithms, functions, etc. and / or any part thereof are described and / or claimed herein, it should be understood that any embodiment described and / or claimed herein assumes that any device, system, equipment, etc. and / or any of its elements are configured to implement any operation, process, algorithm, function, etc. and / or any part thereof.

[0029] The methods, apparatus, and systems provided herein are well-suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. Figures 1A-1D To provide an overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure, wherein various elements of the network can utilize the methods, apparatuses, and systems provided herein, perform the methods, apparatuses, and systems provided herein, are arranged according to the methods, apparatuses, and systems provided herein, and / or are adapted and / or configured for the methods, apparatuses, and systems provided herein.

[0030] Figure 1A 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple-access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, and the like, to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail (ZT) unique word (UW) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-sOFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM (OFDM), filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0031] like Figure 1AAs shown in FIG, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104 / 113, a core network (CN) 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include (or may be) user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated process chain environments), consumer electronic devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d, or any other WTRU mentioned or described herein, may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0032] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a and 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d, e.g., to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or the network 112. For example, the base stations 114a and 114b may be any of the following: a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (NB), an eNode B (eNB), a Home Node B (HNB), a Home eNode B (HeNB), a gNode-B (gNB), an NR Node B (NRNB), a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a and 114b are depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a and 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0033] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may reside in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide wireless service coverage for a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in an embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may use multiple transceivers for each or any sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0034] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0035] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple-access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 116. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0036] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0037] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0038] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may simultaneously implement LTE radio access and NR radio access, e.g., using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions to and from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0039] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0040] Figure 1AThe base station 114b in the may be, for example, a wireless router, a home Node B, a home eNode B, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, etc. In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of a small cell, a picocell, or a femtocell. As Figure 1A As shown in FIG, base station 114b may be directly connected to the Internet 110. Thus, base station 114b may not need to access the Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0041] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform advanced security functions, such as user authentication. Although Figure 1A Although not shown, it should be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as or a different RAT as the RAN 104 / 113. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs any of GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technologies.

[0042] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) from the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same or different RATs as the RAN 104 / 114.

[0043] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0044] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B , the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other elements / peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any subcombination of the aforementioned elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0045] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal encoding and decoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together, for example, in an electronic package or chip.

[0046] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the air interface 116. For example, in an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both radio frequency signals and optical signals. It should be understood that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0047] Although Figure 1B 102 as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of TX / RX elements 122. For example, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more TX / RX elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0048] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As described above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[0049] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and may receive user input data from these devices. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0050] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134 and may be configured to distribute power to and / or control power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any device suitable for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0051] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information using any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

[0052] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other components / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules / units that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the components / peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (e.g., for photos and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. The component / peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geo-location sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0053] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., signals associated with particular subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference via hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or by the processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., signals associated with particular subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0054] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0055] The RAN 104 may include eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNodeBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, the eNodeB 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0056] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), etc. Figure 1C As shown in FIG, eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0057] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown in FIG may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While each of the above elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0058] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may also provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0059] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to and from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may also perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode B handovers, triggering paging when downlink data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0060] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0061] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway, such as an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server, that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. The CN 106 may also provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0062] Despite Figures 1A-1D While the WTRU is described as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments, such a terminal may communicate with a communication network using a (eg, temporarily or permanently) wired communication interface.

[0063] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0064] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may access or interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic in and out of the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS and destined for a STA may reach through the AP and be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from a STA destined for a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP for delivery to the corresponding destination. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be sent, for example, through the AP, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP, and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic may be sent between a source STA and a destination STA (e.g., directly between the source STA and the destination STA) using a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs (eg, all STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0065] When using 802.11ac infrastructure operation mode or a similar operation mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel (such as a primary channel). The primary channel can be a fixed width (e.g., a bandwidth of 20 MHz), or it can be a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented, such as in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, all STAs (e.g., each STA), including the AP, can listen to the primary channel. If a particular STA listens / detects and / or determines that the primary channel is busy, the particular STA can back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0066] High throughput (HT) STAs may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, by combining a primary 20 MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0067] Very high throughput (VHT) STAs can support 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and / or 160MHz wide channels. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 consecutive 20MHz channels or by combining two discontinuous 80MHz channels (this can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, the data can be passed through a segment parser after channel coding, which can divide the data into two streams. Each stream can be subjected to inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing and time domain processing respectively. The stream can be mapped onto two 80MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above-mentioned operations for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the medium access control (MAC) layer, entity, etc.

[0068] 802.11af and 802.11ah support sub-1GHz operating modes. The channel operating bandwidths and carriers in 802.11af and 802.11ah are reduced relative to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support meter type control / machine-Type communications (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have specific capabilities, for example, including limited functionality that supports (e.g., only supports) specific and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., maintaining very long battery life).

[0069] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) include a channel that can be designated as a primary channel. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by the STA that supports the lowest bandwidth operating mode among all STAs operating in the BSS. Taking 802.11ah as an example, for a STA that supports (e.g., only supports) 1 MHz mode (e.g., an MTC-type device), the primary channel bandwidth can be 1 MHz, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy (e.g., due to a STA (which only supports 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP), the entire available frequency band may be considered busy, even if most of the frequency band remains idle and may be available.

[0070] In the United States, 802.11ah can be used in the available frequency bands from 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah ranges from 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0071] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0072] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a and 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. Thus, for example, the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be located in the unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be located in the licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0073] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable parameter sets. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., including a different number of OFDM symbols and / or varying absolute time durations).

[0074] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing another RAN (e.g., such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchors. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed frequency band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, while the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for the serving WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0075] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, network slicing support, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing user plane data to user plane functions (UPFs) 184a and 184b, routing control plane information to access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a and 182b, and the like. Figure 1D As shown in FIG, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0076] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown in FIG may include at least one AMF 182 a, 182 b, at least one UPF 184 a, 184 b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183 a, 183 b, and at least one data network (DN) 185 a, 185 b. While each of the above elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0077] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing, for example, to customize CN support for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service being used by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and so on. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies (such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro) and / or non-3GPP access technologies (such as Wi-Fi).

[0078] The SMFs 183a and 183b can connect to the AMFs 182a and 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMFs 183a and 183b can also connect to the UPFs 184a and 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMFs 183a and 183b can select and control the UPFs 184a and 184b and configure traffic routing through the UPFs 184a and 184b. The SMFs 183a and 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing downlink data notifications. The PDU session type can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, and so on.

[0079] The UPFs 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices, for example. The UPFs 184a, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0080] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. Furthermore, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In an embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local data network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPFs 184a, 184b via an N3 interface to the UPFs 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the DNs 185a, 185b.

[0081] Given that Figures 1A-1D and Figures 1A-1D As described herein, one or more or all of the functionality described herein for any of the following may be performed by one or more emulated elements / devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-d, base station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other element(s) / device(s) described herein. An emulated device may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functionality described herein. For example, an emulated device may be used to test other devices and / or emulate network and / or WTRU functionality.

[0082] The simulation device can be designed to perform one or more tests on other devices in a laboratory environment and / or in a carrier network environment. For example, the one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions when fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions when temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device can be directly coupled to another device for testing, and / or can perform testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0083] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more (including all) functions without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test scenario in a test lab and / or an undeployed (e.g., test) wired and / or wireless communication network to enable testing of one or more components. The one or more simulation devices can be test equipment. The simulation device can use direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) to transmit and / or receive data.

[0084] Note that throughout the example embodiments described herein, the terms "serving base station," "base station," and "gNB" (collectively, "gNB") may be used interchangeably to designate any network element, such as, for example, a network element acting as a serving base station. The embodiments described herein are not limited to gNBs and are applicable to any other type of base station.

[0085] 3GPP TS 22.856 (“Feasibility Study on Localized Mobile Metaverse Services (Release 19); V0.3.0”) [1] describes an example use case where an Alter Ego server uses artificial intelligence (AI) to act as an AI-based digital representation of a physical user and act autonomously on behalf of the physical user.

[0086] If the virtual twin server has access to information about the experience and knowledge of the physical user, the virtual twin server can autonomously perform operations on behalf of the physical user. Figure 1 illustrates an example of a virtual twin service process. As shown in the example of Figure 1, a real user (e.g., real user #1 and / or real user #2) can make a request to their corresponding virtual twin (e.g., virtual twin #1 or virtual twin #2). The virtual twin can access one or more application services (e.g., email, web conferencing, etc.) and can report the tasks performed to the real user.

[0087] Note that, according to some embodiments, the virtual avatar function may refer to a function that can utilize AI to autonomously perform tasks on behalf of a physical user (e.g., a real person). In addition, in this disclosure, the terms "virtual avatar server" and "virtual avatar" may be used interchangeably.

[0088] 5G system enhancements may be desirable so that the system architecture provides easy access to virtual twin functionality for applications hosted on the UE. A benefit of hosting the virtual twin functionality within the mobile network is that the virtual twin functionality will be able to leverage the infrastructure of the 5G system. For example, enhancements may be desirable so that the authentication and authorization infrastructure of the 5G system can be leveraged by the virtual twin functionality within the network. As another example, enhancements may be desirable so that the storage and computing infrastructure of the 5G system can be leveraged by the virtual twin functionality within the network.

[0089] Once a virtual twin mission is initiated, the 5G system should provide functions and capabilities to configure the virtual twin server so that the virtual twin server knows the limitations of the data content that the virtual twin server can access, the limitations of the operations it is authorized to perform, and / or how to obtain the information necessary to complete the mission.

[0090] As described above, the virtual twin function can refer to the use of AI to autonomously perform tasks on behalf of a physical user (e.g., a real person). The various example embodiments discussed herein describe how the virtual twin function can be integrated into the 5G system and can utilize some of the functions already available in the 5G system.

[0091] Various embodiments may relate to methods, architectures, devices, and / or systems for implementing artificial intelligence (AI)-based virtual twin functionality in a 5G system. For example, an embodiment may include a server, such as an AI enabler server, comprising circuitry configured to receive a request to instantiate a virtual twin from a UE (e.g., from an AI-UE enabler in the UE). In an embodiment, the request may include an application identifier (or application instance identifier) ​​and an application type.

[0092] According to some embodiments, the AI ​​enabler server may be configured to: determine a virtual twin server based on the application type, send an instantiation command to the virtual twin server, receive a virtual twin identifier from the virtual twin server, and / or send a notification to the UE (e.g., to the AI-UE enabler). For example, the notification may include the virtual twin identifier and a contact uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the virtual twin.

[0093] In certain embodiments, the AI ​​enabler server may be configured to participate in and / or perform a secure establishment process with the UE (e.g., with the AI-UE enabler) and the avatar server. According to certain embodiments, the request to instantiate the avatar may include or indicate a copy of the resource associated with the application identifier. In an embodiment, the request to instantiate the avatar may include or indicate a link to the resource associated with the application identifier.

[0094] According to various embodiments, the AI ​​enabler server may be configured to receive a configuration request from a UE (e.g., from an AI-UE enabler). The configuration request may include and / or may indicate a task description, task constraints, and / or notification triggers. In an embodiment, the AI ​​enabler server may be configured to send a request to initiate a task to the virtual avatar server. The AI ​​enabler server may also be configured to receive an information request from the virtual avatar server. In an embodiment, the AI ​​enabler server may be configured to send a reply message to the virtual avatar server. The reply message may include or indicate information, a link to the information, and / or an indication that the requested information cannot be provided.

[0095] Embodiments may involve a service enabler in a UE, such as an AI-UE enabler, which may include circuitry, processor(s), memory, and / or transceiver(s). In various embodiments, the AI-UE enabler may be configured to receive an API request to instantiate a virtual avatar. Depending on the embodiment, the request may include and / or indicate an application identifier (or application instance identifier and / or application type).

[0096] In some embodiments, the AI-UE enabler may be configured to send a request to a server to instantiate a virtual avatar. According to an embodiment, the request may include and / or may indicate an application identifier (e.g., an application instance identifier) ​​and / or a link to a resource of the AI-UE enabler. The resource may store information related to the application identifier (e.g., an application instance identifier). In certain embodiments, the AI-UE enabler may be configured to receive an indication that a virtual avatar has been instantiated. For example, the indication may include a URI that can be used to contact the virtual avatar. According to various embodiments, the AI-UE enabler may be configured to send a response (e.g., an API response) that may include a virtual avatar ID and a URI. In an embodiment, the AI-UE enabler may be configured to use the URI to perform a secure establishment process with the instantiated virtual avatar.

[0097] According to various embodiments, the AI-UE enabler may be configured to receive a request to initiate a task execution process and / or send a task configuration request. For example, the task configuration request may include and / or may indicate a task description and task constraints. In an embodiment, the AI-UE enabler may be configured to receive a request for private information, wherein the private information includes a response proposal. In some embodiments, the AI-UE enabler may be configured to notify the application that private information has been requested, receive an indication that private information can be provided, and / or reply to the request for private information. For example, the reply may indicate whether the response proposal is acceptable or requires modification.

[0098] For example, some example embodiments may include processes for supporting virtual avatar functionality in a 5G system. Figure 3 An example architecture 300 is illustrated for how virtual twin functionality may be supported and / or integrated in a 5G system according to some example embodiments. Figure 3 As shown in the example of FIG, UE 303 may host applications 305 (e.g., application 1 and / or application 2) and an AI-UE enabler 310. For example, the AI-UE enabler 310 may be part of the UE platform, may be hosted in the mobile terminal (MT) portion of the UE, may be an application hosted in the terminal equipment (TE) portion of the UE, or may be part of the UE operating system. The AI-UE enabler 310 may expose an interface to the application 305 running on the UE 303. The interface may be referred to as AE1, for example, Figure 3 This interface may allow application 305 to trigger the process of instantiating, configuring, and controlling a virtual twin server instance.

[0099] In an embodiment, the AE1 interface is between the UE-hosted application 305 and the AI-UE enabler 310. The interface may be an application programming interface (API). Alternatively, the interface may be implemented in an attention (AT) command (e.g., if the UE-hosted application is hosted in the TE portion of the UE and the AI-UE enabler is hosted in the ME portion of the UE).

[0100] According to some example embodiments, the AI ​​enabler server 320 may be deployed in a mobile network infrastructure domain. The AI ​​enabler server 320 may provide services to the UE-hosted applications 305 and the AI-UE enabler 310. Some examples of services that the AI ​​enabler server 320 may provide to the UE-hosted applications and the AI-UE enabler may include storage and access control of data associated with the UE-hosted applications 305, and / or a bootstrapping function (BSF) for establishing a secure connection between the virtual twin server 325 and the AI-UE enabler 310.

[0101] In some embodiments, the interface between the AI-UE enabler 310 and the AI ​​enabler server 320 may be referred to as AE2 and may be an HTTP-based interface.

[0102] According to an embodiment, the virtual twin server 325 may be a server or function that may be configured to autonomously perform the tasks of a physical user.

[0103] In some embodiments, the interface between the virtual twin server 325 and the AI ​​enabler server 320 may be referred to as AE3. This interface may be an HTTP interface and may be used by the virtual twin server 325 to retrieve configuration information and application data from the AI ​​enabler server 320.

[0104] According to certain embodiments, the interface between the virtual twin server 325 and the AI-UE enabler may be referred to as AE6. This interface may be an HTTP interface and is used by the virtual twin server 325 to retrieve configuration information and application data from the AI-UE enabler 310.

[0105] In an embodiment, the interface between the virtual avatar server 325 and the application server 330 may be referred to as AE4. This interface may be specific to the application service.

[0106] According to some embodiments, the interface between the UE-hosted application 305 and the application server 330 may be referred to as AE5. This interface may be specific to the application service and may be used for interaction between a physical user and the application service.

[0107] For example, some example embodiments may include processes for configuration, initiation, and / or execution of tasks. Figure 4 The diagram illustrates an example process according to an embodiment in which a virtual twin server 425 and service enablers 410 and 420 may be configured, the virtual twin server 425 may be started to perform a task, and the task may be performed. In various embodiments, some prerequisites for the following process may include, for example, the AI-UE enabler 410 discovering or being configured with contact information for the AI ​​enabler server 420, and / or the AI-UE enabler 410 contacting the AI ​​enabler server 420 and performing a registration process with the AI ​​enabler server 420. The registration process may result in a secure connection being established between the AI-UE enabler 410 and the AI ​​enabler server 420.

[0108] like Figure 4As shown in the example of , at step 1, the application 405 hosted on the UE may initiate a process in which the virtual avatar server 425 is configured to perform tasks for the UE-hosted application 405. The process may store information that may be needed by the virtual avatar server 425 in the AI-UE enabler 410 and the AI ​​enabler server 420. The process may be used to reserve computing and storage resources in the virtual avatar server 425. The process may be used to establish a secure connection between the AI-UE enabler 410 and the virtual avatar server 425. When the AI-UE enabler 410 and the virtual avatar server 425 establish a secure connection, the infrastructure of the mobile network (e.g., the AI ​​enabler server) may serve as a common trust point (e.g., a BSF).

[0109] exist Figure 4 In the example of FIG. 4 , at step 2, the UE-hosted application 405 may negotiate credentials from the application server 430, which may trigger a process that may enable the credentials to be shared with the virtual twin server 425, and may enable the virtual twin server 425 to establish a connection with the application server 430, as will be discussed in further detail below. As shown in step 3, the virtual twin server 425 may perform the task. For example, performing the task may involve the virtual twin server 425 obtaining assistance from the AI ​​enabler server 420, the AI-UE enabler 40, and / or the UE-hosted application 405.

[0110] Some example embodiments may include processes for configuring a UE enabler, an enabler server, and / or a virtual avatar server. According to certain embodiments, an application hosted on a UE (i.e., a UE-hosted application, Application 1) may initiate a process that results in the configuration of an AI-UE enabler, an AI enabler server, and a virtual avatar server. Configuring a virtual avatar server may be used for several purposes. For example, it allows a UE-hosted application to check whether there is an available virtual avatar server in the network, which may be used to interact with a specific application service (e.g., Application Service 1) on behalf of the UE-hosted application. Additionally, the configuration of the virtual avatar server may establish a secure connection between the UE's AI enabler (i.e., the AI-UE enabler) and the virtual avatar server. Furthermore, the UE-hosted application may configure storage devices in the AI-UE enabler and the AI ​​enabler server.

[0111] Configuring storage in the AI-UE enabler can mean that a UE-hosted application can create application-specific resources (i.e., storage and / or containers) in the AI-UE enabler and can use the resources to store application-specific data, such as preferences, information about past behavior, trusted contacts, etc. Configuring storage in the AI ​​enabler server can mean that a UE-hosted application can configure the AI-UE enabler to mirror a subset of the UE-hosted application's data in the AI ​​enabler server. For example, a UE-hosted application can configure the AI-UE enabler so that private information is not mirrored on the AI ​​enabler server and so that other information is mirrored on the AI ​​enabler server so that it is available to the virtual avatar server. In addition, the AI-UE enabler can also provide information (e.g., credentials) of online accounts that the virtual avatar can be allowed to use to perform tasks on behalf of the user. As some examples, the virtual avatar can access the user's calendar, online shopping account, email account, so that it can automate tasks in those applications or use information provided by those online services.

[0112] Once the AI-UE enabler, AI enabler server, and virtual twin server are configured, a UE-hosted application (e.g., Application 1) can later initiate the process of configuring the virtual twin server to perform a task.

[0113] Figure 5 FIGURE 5 illustrates an example process of how the AI-UE enabler 510, the AI ​​enabler server 520, and the virtual twin server 525 may be configured according to an embodiment. Figure 5 As shown in the example of , at step 1, the UE-hosted application 505 (e.g., application 1) may call an API to request instantiation of a virtual avatar. In some example embodiments, the request may include any one or more of the following information:

[0114] An application 1 instance identifier (ID). For example, the application 1 instance identifier may be in the form of a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) or may be an operating system (OS) application ID, may be assigned by a mobile network operator, may be provided to application 1 by a user entering the identifier (e.g., via a graphical user interface (GUI)), and / or may be linked to the user's subscription (e.g., linked to an IMSI) by a mobile network operator (MNO);

[0115] Application type. The application type may indicate the type of task, the amount of computation, and the amount of storage that will be required by the virtual avatar;

[0116] ● Information for creating one or more storage resources in the AI-UE enabler. The resources may be Representational State Transfer (RESTful) storage resources, each identified by a Universal Resource Identifier (URI). Application 1 may store application-specific data in the resource. Examples of application-specific data may include historical information about past actions of Application 1;

[0117] Information indicating to the AI-UE enabler which storage resources should be mirrored in the AI ​​enabler server. Mirroring may mean that the AI-UE enabler may store a copy of the resource on the AI ​​enabler server and may update the copy each time the original resource stored in the AI-UE enabler is updated;

[0118] Information indicating to the AI-UE enabler which storage resources should be linked in the AI ​​enabler server. Linking may mean that the AI-UE enabler can create a link to the resource in the AI ​​enabler server. The benefit of creating a link to the resource in the AI ​​enabler server is that Application 1 may not want to store a copy of the data in the AI ​​enabler server, but may want to allow the virtual twin server to access the data directly from the AI-UE enabler;

[0119] Information indicating to the AI-UE enabler which storage resources should not be shared with the AI ​​enabler server. The benefit of not sharing resources with the AI ​​enabler server is that the user may not want to expose the stored information to the AI ​​enabler server or virtual twin server in any way; and / or

[0120] Information indicating that the AI-enabled server is to store the results of the task and should create one or more storage resources. These resources can be RESTful storage resources, each identified by a URI. The virtual twin server can store the task results in these resources. These results can later be retrieved by the AI-UE enabler and provided to Application 1. For example, when the AI-UE enabler receives the results, the AI-UE enabler can send a notification to Application 1.

[0121] In an embodiment, the AI-UE enabler 510 may acknowledge the request from Application 1, indicate that the request has been accepted, and indicate that the requested storage has been created. Later, if the AI-UE enabler 510 detects that the virtual twin was not successfully created or if the virtual twin session is terminated, the storage may be released. Note that in some embodiments, this step may be implemented as multiple steps. For example, in an embodiment, the application type may be provided in one message, and the storage resources may be configured in a separate message.

[0122] exist Figure 5In the example of , in step 2, the AI-UE enabler 510 may send a request to the AI ​​enabler server 520. The request may be for the AI ​​enabler server 520 to instantiate a virtual twin. According to some example embodiments, the request may include any one or more of the following information: an application 1 instance identifier (ID), an application type, a copy of a resource that application 1 indicates should be copied to the AI ​​enabler server in step 1, a link to a resource that was created in step 1 and that application 1 indicates should be linked to by the AI ​​enabler server, and / or information about resources to be created in the AI ​​enabler server.

[0123] The AI ​​enabler server 520 may respond to the AI-UE enabler 510 with an indication of whether the request was accepted. Alternatively, the AI-UE enabler 510 may receive a notification from the AI ​​enabler server 520 that the virtual twin instance is available. Note that in some embodiments, this step may be implemented as multiple steps. For example, the application type may be provided in one message, and the storage resources may be configured in a separate message.

[0124] like Figure 5 As further shown in the example of , in step 3, the AI ​​enabler server 520 can use the application type to select a virtual twin server that can provide the requested functions and resources. The AI ​​enabler server 520 can then send an instantiate AE command to the virtual twin server 525 to create the virtual twin and reserve the necessary computing and storage resources.

[0125] The AI ​​enabler server 520 may also provide the avatar server 525 with access to the resources and data stored in step 2 and the links obtained in step 2. The avatar server 525 may use this information to train an AI model on how to act as an avatar for the user of Application 1.

[0126] One option for how the AI ​​enabler server 520 will find the appropriate virtual twin server 525 is that there may be a repository in the trusted 5G system that lists the virtual twin servers. The repository may include an indication of the functions supported by the server, the available resources in the server, and / or the address of the server. The AI ​​enabler server 520 can request the repository to return a virtual twin server that matches its needs. Alternatively, the AI ​​enabler server 520 can retrieve a complete list of servers from the repository and select a virtual twin server from the list.

[0127] Another option for how the AI ​​enabler server 520 will find the appropriate virtual twin server is that the AI ​​enabler server 520 can attempt to discover the appropriate virtual twin server using a discovery mechanism such as DNS.

[0128] The virtual twin server 525 may respond to the AI ​​enabler server 520 with an indication of whether the instantiation was successful. The response may include the virtual twin ID and the contact URI. The response may also include the URI of the created resource.

[0129] exist Figure 5 In the example of FIG1 , in step 4, the AI ​​enabler server 520 may send a notification to the AI-UE enabler 510 to inform the AI-UE enabler 510 that the virtual twin has been instantiated. The notification may include the virtual twin ID and the contact URI. The AI ​​enabler server 520 may store the virtual twin ID and the AI-UE enabler in association with each other. In step 5, the AI-UE enabler 510 may notify the application 1 that the virtual twin has been instantiated. The notification may include the virtual twin ID and the URI.

[0130] like Figure 5 As shown in the example of , at step 6, the AI-UE enabler 50 can use the contact URI provided in step 5 and request to perform a secure establishment process with the "virtual twin" identified by the "virtual twin" ID. When establishing a secure connection, the AI-UE enabler 510 and the virtual twin server 525 can use the AI ​​enabler server 520 as a mutual trust point. For example, the AI ​​enabler server 520 can act as a bootstrapping service function (BSF).

[0131] Some example embodiments may include a process for initiating tasks using a virtual twin server. Once the AI-UE enabler, AI enabler server, and virtual twin server are configured, a UE-based application (e.g., Application 1) may trigger a process that will cause the virtual twin to initiate a task on behalf of the user of Application 1. Figure 6 An example process is illustrated in which an application (eg, Application 1) triggers a process that results in an avatar initiating a task on behalf of a user of the application (eg, Application 1).

[0132] like Figure 6 As shown in the example of FIG, in step 1, application 605 (i.e., application 1) can perform a process with application service 630 to obtain or establish credentials for the virtual twin. In this process, application 1 can provide the virtual twin ID to the application server. Application 1 and application service 630 can exchange credentials (e.g., password) that can be used by the virtual twin.

[0133] exist Figure 6 In the example of FIG, in step 2, application 1 may send a request to the AI-UE enabler 610 to enable the virtual avatar to perform a task. The request may include any one or more of the following information:

[0134] Application 1 instance identifier;

[0135] ●Virtual avatar ID;

[0136] The credentials obtained in step 1;

[0137] Application service ID;

[0138] Task description. An example of a task might be replying to an email.

[0139] An indication of a task restriction. An example of a task restriction might be the identity of an email sender to which the avatar is not allowed to respond (or is allowed to respond). Another example of a task restriction might be not allowing the avatar to send messages about the subject or title of the email. Another restriction might be that the avatar is only allowed to perform the task if the end user is prompted and grants approval; and / or

[0140] An indication of a notification trigger for Application 1. An example of a notification trigger is an event that should trigger a notification to be sent to Application 1. For example, a notification trigger could be an email from an important business partner. The URI to which the notification should be sent should also be provided by Application 1.

[0141] like Figure 6 As shown in the example of , in step 3, the AI-UE enabler 610 can send a request to the AI ​​enabler server 620 to provide the AI ​​enabler server 620 with the application 1 instance identifier, virtual avatar ID, application service ID, task description, task restrictions and notification trigger.

[0142] In step 4, the AI ​​enabler server 620 may send the application 1 instance identifier, application service ID, and credentials to the virtual twin server 625 to initiate task execution.

[0143] In step 5, as Figure 5 As discussed, the virtual twin server 625 may obtain credentials using a secure connection established with the AI-UE enabler 610. Therefore, the credentials will not need to be shared with the AI ​​enabler server.

[0144] In step 6, the virtual twin server 625 may send an introduction request to the application service 630. The credentials received in step 4 may be used by the virtual twin server 625 to establish a secure connection with the application service.

[0145] Some example embodiments may include processes for utilizing a virtual twin server to perform tasks. Figure 7 An example process is illustrated in which a virtual twin server 725 performs tasks on behalf of a user of an application 705 (e.g., application 1), according to an embodiment. Figure 7In the example, a situation may arise where the virtual twin server 725 can obtain information from the AI ​​enabler server 720 to help complete a task, and can obtain information from the AI-UE enabler 710 and the application 705 to obtain information from the AI ​​enabler server 720 to help complete the task. The example process also illustrates an example of how an application 705 (e.g., application 1) can choose to complete a task that is not suitable for the virtual twin server 725 to perform.

[0146] like Figure 7 As shown in the example of FIG1 , at step 1, the virtual twin server 725 can begin interacting with the application service 730 to perform tasks on behalf of the user of application 1. For example, the virtual twin server 725 can send an email on behalf of the user of application 1 (e.g., on behalf of the user of application 1).

[0147] exist Figure 7 In the example of , at step 2, the virtual twin server 725 may determine that some information is needed in order to complete and perform the task. The virtual twin server 725 may send an information request to the AI ​​enabler server 720. For example, the request may be for information about past operations performed by application 1. In an embodiment, the AI ​​enabler server 720 may respond to the virtual twin server 725 with the requested information. For example, the requested information may have been obtained from the AI-UE enabler 710 during the configuration process. Alternatively or additionally, the AI ​​enabler server 720 may respond to the virtual twin server 725 with a link to the requested information. For example, during the configuration process, the AI-UE enabler 710 may have provided the AI ​​enabler server 720 with a link to the information instead of storing the information in the AI ​​enabler server 720. Alternatively or additionally, the AI ​​enabler server 720 may respond to the virtual twin server 725 with an indication that the requested information cannot be provided to the virtual twin server 725 and that the virtual twin server 725 should prompt the application service to contact Application 1. Note that in some embodiments, this step may be a multi-step process in which the virtual twin server 725 first queries the AI ​​enabler server 720 to check what operations the virtual twin server 725 is authorized to perform.

[0148] like Figure 7 As further shown in the example of FIG, at step 3, if a link is provided to the virtual twin server 725 in step 2, the virtual twin can use the link to send a private information request to the AI-UE enabler 710. The request can indicate to the AI-UE enabler 710 the details of the operation that needs to be performed. The request can also include an example task execution response (e.g., a draft email that the virtual twin server can send).

[0149] exist Figure 7 In the example of FIG4 , at step 4, the AI-UE enabler 710 may notify application 1 that private information is being requested, so that application 1 may indicate to the AI-UE enabler 710 whether the private data may be sent to the virtual twin server 725. Furthermore, the notification may provide an example task execution response to application 1, so that application 1 may respond by sending an indication to the AI-UE enabler 710 of whether it approves, wishes to modify, or rejects the proposed response. The notification may trigger application 1 to display a prompt to the user (e.g., via a GUI) to provide authorization for the virtual twin to perform the operation.

[0150] like Figure 7 As shown in the example of , at step 5, the AI-UE enabler 710 may return a response from Application 1 in a private information response and may indicate whether the private data may be sent to the virtual twin server 725. Also, the notification of whether Application 1 approves, wants to modify, or rejects the proposed response.

[0151] exist Figure 7 In the example of , at step 6, the application service 730 can use the information obtained in steps 5 and 2 to complete the execution of the task. The virtual avatar server 725 can indicate to the application service 730 that the virtual avatar server 725 is not allowed to complete the task or is not allowed to access the data necessary to complete the task.

[0152] like Figure 7 As shown in the example of FIG, in step 7, application server 730 can interact with application 1 to complete a task that virtual twin server 725 cannot complete. For example, application server 730 can send a notification to application 1 that the task needs to be completed by the actual user of application 1 (i.e., not the virtual twin server). For example, the notification can indicate to application 1 that there is an email to which virtual twin server 725 will not respond. Alternatively, the message can also be used by application 1 to provide private information directly to virtual twin server 725.

[0153] In some example embodiments, at step 8a, application 1 may store information about the satisfaction level associated with the completed task in the AI-UE enabler. For example, the information may indicate the task ID, the satisfaction level, and information describing the task output that is better than the task output generated by the virtual avatar server. In an embodiment, at step 8b, the AI-UE enabler 710 may provide the information about the satisfaction level associated with the completed task to the AI ​​enabler server 720, or the AI-UE enabler 710 may provide a link to the location where the information is stored. According to an embodiment, at step 8c, the AI ​​enabler server 720 may provide the information to the virtual avatar server 725. The virtual avatar server 725 may use the information to train the AI ​​model to improve future outputs.

[0154] Some example embodiments may include alternative processes for avatar identity configuration. Figure 8 An example process is shown for how an avatar may be configured with an identity and how the MNO's AI enabler server 820 provides services to the application server 830 to allow the application server 830 to authenticate the avatar according to an embodiment.

[0155] like Figure 8 As shown in the example of , in step 1, application 805 (e.g., application 1) may send a request to the AI-UE enabler 810 to create an avatar ID (AE ID) for the new avatar to be created. The request may also indicate the requested format of the identifier. For example, application 1 may indicate what identifier format(s) are compatible with application service 830. The request may also indicate the authentication and authorization procedures supported by application service 830.

[0156] exist Figure 8 In the example of , in step 2, the AI-UE enabler 810 may send a request to the AI ​​enabler server 820. The request may include the identity of application 1, (one or more) identifier formats compatible with the application service 830, and the authentication and authorization procedures supported by the application service 830.

[0157] Also like Figure 8 As shown in the example of , in step 3, the AI ​​enabler server 820 may create a new AE ID and store the credentials of the AE ID. The AI ​​enabler server 820 may then send the AE ID to the AI-UE enabler 810. In step 4, the AI-UE enabler 80 may provide the AE ID to Application 1.

[0158] exist Figure 8In the example shown in FIG1 , at step 5, Application 1 will provide the AEID to the Application Server to notify Application Service 830 that a virtual twin of the identity will be created and will contact the Application Server to act on behalf of the user of Application 1. This message may also provide Application Service 830 with the identity of the service provider that created the AE ID. In this example, the identity of the service provider that created the AE ID may represent the identity of AI Enabler Server 820.

[0159] like Figure 8 As further shown in the example, in step 6, the above-discussed Figure 5 When the AI ​​enabler server sends a message to the avatar server to instantiate the new avatar, the message may include the AE ID and credentials created in step 3. In step 7, the avatar server 825 may make initial contact with the application service 830, providing the AEID and a request for authentication.

[0160] exist Figure 8 In the example of FIG, at step 8, the application service 830 may contact the service provider identity (i.e., the AI ​​enabler server) provided in step 5. The request in this step may be a request to authenticate the AE ID, and the request provides the AE ID to the AI ​​enabler server 820. The request may also identify the application service 830.

[0161] like Figure 8 As shown in the example of , at step 9, the AI ​​enabler server 820 may send a request to the AI-UE enabler 810 to confirm that the authorization process with the application service 830 is expected. The AI ​​enabler server 820 may be configured to prompt the user of application 1 to confirm or reject the authorization request.

[0162] exist Figure 8 In the example shown in FIG1 , in steps 10a and 10b, the user of application 1 can respond to the confirmation request, and the response can be forwarded to the AI ​​enabler server. In step 11, the AI ​​enabler server 820 can respond to the virtual twin server 825 with an indication that authentication can continue, an authentication challenge value, and an expected response value. In step 12, the application service 830 can send the challenge to the virtual twin.

[0163] like Figure 8 As shown in the example of FIG, in step 13, the virtual twin can use the credentials provided in step 6 to generate a response to the challenge, and then can send the response to the application service 830. The application service 830 can compare the response with the expected response value received in step 11, and if the response and the expected response are equal, it determines that the virtual twin is authentic. In step 14, the application service 830 can indicate to the virtual twin server 825 whether the authentication is successful or failed.

[0164] exist Figure 8 In the example of , steps 8-14 may differ based on the authentication method. For example, if Open ID is used as the authentication method, step 8 will originate from the virtual twin server 825. The virtual twin server 825 may request a token from the AI ​​enabler server 820. The AI ​​enabler server 820 may act as an authentication server. The message of step 11 may be sent to the virtual twin server 825. The virtual twin server 825 may then provide the token to the application service 830. The application service 830 may then send a challenge to the AI ​​enabler server 820, and the AI ​​enabler server 820 will send a response back to the application service 830.

[0165] Some example embodiments may include a process performed by a server (e.g., an enabler server). Embodiments may relate to methods that may be implemented in or performed by a server such as an AI enabler server. For example, the AI ​​enabler server may be or may be included in an enabler server in an operator domain. The method may include receiving a request to instantiate a virtual avatar from an AI UE enabler. The request may include an application instance identifier and an application type. The method may then include determining a virtual avatar server based on the application type and sending an instantiation command to the virtual avatar server. The method may also include receiving a virtual avatar identifier from the virtual avatar server and sending a notification to the AI ​​UE enabler. The notification may include the virtual avatar identifier and a contact URI associated with the virtual avatar.

[0166] In certain embodiments, the method may include the AI ​​enabler server participating in and / or performing a secure establishment process with the AI ​​UE enabler and the avatar server. According to various embodiments, the request to instantiate the avatar may include a copy of the resource associated with the application identifier. In an example embodiment, the request to instantiate the avatar may include a link to the resource associated with the application identifier.

[0167] According to some embodiments, the method may include receiving a configuration request from the AIUE enabler. The configuration request may include a task description, task constraints, and notification triggers. The method may include sending a request to initiate a task to a virtual avatar server, and receiving an information request from the virtual avatar server. The method may also include sending a reply message to the virtual avatar server. The reply message may include information, a link to the information, or an indication that the requested information cannot be provided.

[0168] Figure 9 An example flow diagram of a method 900 according to some example embodiments is illustrated. In an embodiment, Figure 9The method 900 may be implemented in or performed by a server such as an enabler server (e.g., an AI enabler server). For example, the enabler server may be or may be included in an enabler server in an operator domain. For example, in one embodiment, Figure 9 The method 900 may be performed as discussed above. Figure 3-8 Thus, Figure 9 The method 900 may include as discussed above Figure 3-8 One or more of the processes illustrated in the example of (e.g., processes performed by an AI enabler server).

[0169] like Figure 9 As illustrated in the example of , method 900 may include: at 905, receiving a first request from a WTRU enabler associated with a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) to instantiate a service to be performed on behalf of the WTRU. The first request may include an indication of an application type and information about resources of the WTRU that may be shared with one or more service servers. The method may include: at 910, selecting a service server based on the application type; and, at 915, sending a second request to instantiate the service on the service server. The second request may indicate information about resources of the WTRU that may be shared with the service server. The method may include: at 920, receiving a message from the service server confirming that the service has been instantiated. At 925, the method may include: sending a notification to the WTRU enabler. The notification may indicate a contact uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the service. In an embodiment, the enabler server implementing method 900 may be configured to act as a bootstrapping function in a security establishment process between the WTRU enabler and the service server.

[0170] In an embodiment, the service may include a virtual twin, and the service server may include a virtual twin server. In an embodiment, an identifier associated with the service may be received, and / or the notification sent to the WTRU enabler may further indicate an identifier associated with the service.

[0171] In an embodiment, the first request may include any of the following: an indication of an application identifier associated with an application hosted by the WTRU, information indicating which storage resources in the WTRU enabler should be mirrored in the device, and / or information indicating which storage resources in the WTRU enabler should be linked in the device (e.g., an enabler server).

[0172] In an embodiment, the second request may indicate a copy of the resource associated with the application identifier.In an embodiment, the second request may indicate a link to the resource associated with the application identifier.

[0173] In an embodiment, a configuration request may be received from a WTRU enabler, wherein the configuration request indicates any of a task description and task constraints associated with the task.

[0174] In an embodiment, a third request for initiating the task may be sent to the service server according to any of the task description and the task restriction.

[0175] In an embodiment, the resources of the WTRU may include storage resources configured to store application-specific data associated with applications hosted on the WTRU.

[0176] Figure 9 is provided as an example of a method according to certain embodiments. It should be noted that the method may be modified according to other embodiments discussed herein. Figure 9 For example, Figure 9 One or more steps may be omitted or performed in a different order. Figure 8 to add one or more steps from the examples provided in the signaling diagram or any other diagram discussed herein.

[0177] Some example embodiments may include a process performed by a UE (e.g., by a UE enabler). An embodiment may relate to a method that may be implemented in a UE or WTRU or performed by a UE or WTRU, for example, by an AI-UE enabler as described above or a service enabler in a UE. According to various embodiments, the method may include receiving a request to instantiate a virtual avatar, such as an API request. The request may include an application instance identifier and an application type. The method may include sending a request to instantiate a virtual avatar to a server. The request may include an application instance identifier link to a resource of the AI-UE enabler. The resource may store information related to the application instance identifier. The method may then include receiving an indication that the virtual avatar has been instantiated. The indication may include a URI that can be used to contact the virtual avatar. The method may also include sending a response, such as an API response, including the virtual avatar ID and the URI.

[0178] In an embodiment, the method may include the AI-UE enabler performing a secure establishment procedure with the instantiated virtual twin using a URI. According to some example embodiments, the method may include receiving a request to initiate a task execution procedure and sending a task configuration request. The task configuration request may include a task description and task constraints.

[0179] According to some example embodiments, the method may include receiving a request for private information, wherein the private information includes a response proposal. The method may also include notifying the application that the private information has been requested, receiving an indication that the private information can be provided, and / or replying to the request for private information. The reply may indicate whether the response proposal is acceptable or needs to be modified.

[0180] Example embodiments may involve an apparatus such as a UE, a WTRU, a network element, and / or a server. The apparatus may include a computer program product configured to perform any of the processes or methods described herein (such as Figure 4-8 and / or those discussed above), processor(s), memory, and / or transceiver(s).

[0181] An embodiment may relate to a method, which may be implemented by a server (e.g., an enabler server). The method may include receiving a request to instantiate a virtual avatar from a UE (e.g., from an AI UE enabler). The request may indicate an application identifier (ID) and an application type. The method may include determining a virtual avatar server based on the application type, sending an instantiation command to the determined virtual avatar server, receiving a virtual avatar identifier (ID) from the virtual avatar server, and sending a notification to the UE (e.g., to the AI ​​UE enabler), wherein the notification may indicate the virtual avatar identifier (ID) and a contact uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the virtual avatar.

[0182] In various embodiments, the method may include performing a secure establishment procedure with the AI ​​UE enabler and the virtual twin server.

[0183] In various embodiments, the request to instantiate a virtual twin may indicate a copy of a resource associated with an application identifier.

[0184] In various embodiments, the request to instantiate the avatar may include or may indicate a link to a resource associated with the application identifier.

[0185] In various embodiments, the method may include receiving a configuration request from an AIUE enabler, the configuration request indicating a task description, task constraints, and / or notification triggers.

[0186] In various embodiments, the method may include sending a request to the virtual twin server to initiate a task.

[0187] In various embodiments, the method may include receiving an information request from a virtual twin server.

[0188] In various embodiments, the method may include sending a reply message to the virtual twin server, the reply message including at least one of: the information, a link to the information, and / or an indication that the requested information cannot be provided.

[0189] An embodiment may be directed to an apparatus comprising circuitry, a processor, a memory, and / or a transceiver configured to receive a request to instantiate a virtual avatar from a UE (e.g., from an AI UE enabler). The request may indicate an application identifier (ID) and an application type. The apparatus may also be configured to determine a virtual avatar server based on the application type, send an instantiation command to the determined virtual avatar server, receive a virtual avatar identifier (ID) from the virtual avatar server, and send a notification to the UE (e.g., to the AI ​​UE enabler), wherein the notification may indicate the virtual avatar identifier (ID) and a contact uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the virtual avatar.

[0190] Embodiments may relate to a method that may be implemented by a WTRU. For example, the method may be implemented by a service enabler (such as an AI UE enabler) in the WTRU. In various embodiments, the method may include receiving a request to instantiate a virtual avatar, such as an application programming interface (API) request. According to the embodiment, the request may include or may indicate an application identifier (ID) or an application instance ID and an application type. In some embodiments, the method may also include sending a request to instantiate a virtual avatar to a server, and receiving an indication that the virtual avatar has been instantiated. For example, the indication may indicate a URI associated with the virtual avatar. According to the embodiment, the method may include sending a response indicating the identifier and URI of the virtual avatar, such as an API response.

[0191] In various embodiments, the request to instantiate the virtual twin may include or indicate an application instance identifier link to a resource of the AI ​​UE enabler, wherein the resource stores information associated with the application instance identifier.

[0192] In various embodiments, the method may include performing a secure establishment process with the instantiated avatar using the URI.

[0193] In various embodiments, the method may include receiving a request to initiate a task execution process and sending a task configuration request, which may indicate a task description and task constraints.

[0194] In various embodiments, the method may include receiving a request for private information, wherein the private information includes a response proposal.

[0195] In various embodiments, the method may include notifying the application that the private information has been requested, receiving an indication that the private information may be provided, and / or replying to the request for private information, wherein the reply may indicate whether the response proposal is acceptable or should be modified.

[0196] Embodiments may relate to an apparatus comprising circuitry, a processor, a memory and / or a transceiver configured to receive a request to instantiate a virtual avatar, such as an application programming interface (API) request. According to an embodiment, the request may include or may indicate an application identifier (ID) or an application instance ID and an application type. In some embodiments, the apparatus may also be configured to send a request to instantiate a virtual avatar to a server and receive an indication that the virtual avatar has been instantiated. For example, the indication may indicate a URI associated with the virtual avatar. According to an embodiment, the apparatus may be configured to send a response indicating the identifier and URI of the virtual avatar, such as an API response.

[0197] Although features and elements are provided above in specific combinations, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. The present disclosure is not limited in terms of the specific embodiments described in this application, which are intended to be illustrative of various aspects. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. None of the elements, actions or instructions used in the specification of this application should be understood as being essential or essential to the present invention unless so explicitly stated. In addition to those listed herein, functionally equivalent methods and devices within the scope of the present disclosure will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the description above. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is limited only by the terms of the appended claims and the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to a particular method or system.

[0198] In some example embodiments described herein, information (e.g., configuration information) may be described as being received by the WTRU from the network, for example, through system information or via any type of protocol message. Although not explicitly mentioned in the embodiments described herein, the same information (e.g., configuration information) may be pre-configured in the WTRU (e.g., via any type of pre-configuration method, such as, for example, via factory settings) so that the information (e.g., configuration information) can be used by the WTRU without being received from the network.

[0199] Any features, variants, or embodiments described for the method are compatible with an apparatus comprising means for processing the disclosed method, such as an apparatus comprising a processor configured to process the disclosed method, a computer program product comprising program code instructions, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing the program instructions.

[0200] For simplicity, the above embodiments are discussed with respect to the terminology and structure of infrared-enabled devices (i.e., infrared transmitters and receivers). However, the embodiments discussed are not limited to these systems, but can be applied to other systems that use other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves (such as sound waves).

[0201] It should also be understood that the terms used herein are used only to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "imagery" may mean any of a snapshot, a single image, and / or a plurality of images displayed on a time basis. As another example, when referred to herein, the term "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE", the term "remote" and / or the term "head mounted display" or its abbreviation "HMD" may mean or include (i) a wireless transmit and / or receive unit (WTRU); (ii) any of many embodiments of a WTRU; (iii) a wirelessly enabled and / or wired enabled device (e.g., shareable via a mobile phone) configured with, among other things, some or all of the structure and functionality of a WTRU; (iii) a wirelessly enabled and / or wired enabled device configured with less than all of the structure and functionality of a WTRU; (iv) and the like. This document is about Figures 1A to 1D Details are provided for an example WTRU that can represent any WTRU described herein. As another example, various disclosed embodiments are described above and below herein as utilizing a head-mounted display. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that devices other than head-mounted displays can be utilized and that some or all of the present disclosure and various disclosed embodiments can be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other devices may include drones or other devices configured to stream information to provide an adapted reality experience.

[0202] In addition, the method provided herein can be incorporated into a computer program, software or firmware for a computer or processor to perform. The example of a computer readable medium includes an electronic signal (transmitted by a wired or wireless connection) and a computer readable storage medium. The example of a computer readable storage medium includes but is not limited to a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, a cache memory, a semiconductor memory device, a magnetic medium (such as an internal hard disk and a removable disk), a magneto-optical medium and an optical medium (such as a CD-ROM disk and a digital versatile disk (DVD)). The processor associated with the software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for a WTRU, a UE, a terminal, a base station, an RNC or any host computer.

[0203] Variations of the methods, devices, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. In view of the wide variety of embodiments that can be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are merely examples and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the appended claims. For example, the embodiments provided herein include handheld devices that can include or be utilized with any suitable voltage source (such as a battery, etc.) to provide any suitable voltage.

[0204] In addition, in the embodiments provided above, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers and other devices including processors are mentioned. These devices may include at least one central processing unit ("CPU") and memory. According to the practice of those skilled in the art of computer programming, reference to the symbolic representation of actions and operations or instructions can be performed by various CPUs and memories. Such actions and operations or instructions can be referred to as "being executed," "being executed by a computer," or "being executed by a CPU."

[0205] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that actions and symbolically represented operations or instructions comprise manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. The electrical system represents data bits, which can result in a resulting transformation or reduction of the electrical signal and maintain the data bits at memory locations in the memory system, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise changing the operation of the CPU, as well as other processing of the signal. The memory location where the data bits are maintained is a physical location having specific electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties corresponding to or representing the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the platforms or CPUs mentioned above, and other platforms and CPUs may support the provided methods.

[0206] The data bits may also be maintained on computer-readable media, including magnetic disks, optical disks, and any other volatile (e.g., random access memory (RAM)) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory (ROM)) mass storage systems that can be read by a CPU. The computer-readable media may include cooperating or interconnected computer-readable media that reside exclusively on the processing system or distributed among multiple interconnected processing systems that may be local or remote to the processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the memories mentioned above, and other platforms and memories may support the provided methods.

[0207] In an illustrative embodiment, any operations, processes, etc. described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, a network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0208] There is little distinction between hardware and software implementations of various aspects of the system. The use of hardware or software is typically (but not always, as the choice between hardware and software may become important in certain scenarios) a design choice that represents a cost versus efficiency trade-off. There may be a variety of vehicles by which the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein can be implemented (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware), and the preferred vehicle may vary depending on the context in which the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are most important, the implementer may select a primarily hardware and / or firmware vehicle. If flexibility is most important, the implementer may select a primarily software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer may select some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0209] The above detailed description has been described using block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples to illustrate various embodiments of the device and / or process. Since such block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, those skilled in the art will understand that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flow charts or examples can be implemented individually and / or collectively by a variety of hardware, software, firmware or almost any combination thereof. In one embodiment, several portions of the subject matter described herein can be implemented via an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP) and / or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be equivalently implemented in whole or in part in an integrated circuit as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., implemented as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., implemented as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware or almost any combination thereof, and in view of the present disclosure, designing circuits and / or writing code for software and / or firmware will be well within the skills of those skilled in the art. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein can be distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that the illustrative embodiments of the subject matter described herein are applicable regardless of the particular type of signal-bearing medium used to actually implement the distribution. Examples of signal-bearing media include, but are not limited to, the following: recordable media such as floppy disks, hard drives, CDs, DVDs, digital tapes, computer memories, and the like; and transmission media such as digital and / or analog communication media (e.g., fiber optic cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, and the like).

[0210] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common in the art to describe devices and / or processes in the manner set forth herein, and subsequently use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and / or processes into data processing systems. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein can be integrated into data processing systems via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system can typically include one or more of the following: a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory (such as, volatile and non-volatile memory), a processor (such as, a microprocessor and a digital signal processor), a computing entity (such as, an operating system, a driver, a graphical user interface and an application), one or more interactive devices (such as, a touchpad or screen) and / or a control system including a feedback loop and a control motor (e.g., feedback for sensing position and / or speed, a control motor for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantity). A typical data processing system can be implemented using any suitable commercially available component, such as those typically found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0211] The subject matter described herein sometimes illustrates different components that are included in or connected to different other components. It should be understood that this depicted architecture is merely an example, and in fact, many other architectures that implement the same function can be implemented. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components that implement the same function is effectively "associated" so that the desired function can be achieved. Therefore, any two components that are combined to implement a specific function herein can be considered to be "associated" with each other so that the desired function is achieved, regardless of architecture or intermediate components. Similarly, any two components that are so associated can also be considered to be "operably connected" or "operably coupled" to each other to achieve the desired function, and any two components that can be so associated can also be considered to be "operably coupled" to each other to achieve the desired function. The specific example of operable coupling includes but is not limited to components that can be physically paired and / or physically interacted and / or components that can be wirelessly interacted and / or wirelessly interacted and / or components that can logically interact and / or components that can logically interact.

[0212] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those skilled in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as appropriate to the context and / or application. For purposes of clarity, various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein.

[0213] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in general, the terms used herein and particularly in the appended claims (e.g., the bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended to be "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "comprising" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," etc.). Those skilled in the art will further understand that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such intent will be expressly recited in the claim, and if no such recitation is made, such intent does not exist. For example, where only one item is intended, the term "single" or similar language may be used. As an aid to understanding, the appended claims and / or the description herein may include the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be understood to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite article "a" or "an" will include any particular claim of such introduced claim recitation limited to embodiments including only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"). The same applies to the use of definite articles to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if specific numbers of introduced claim recitations are explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted as meaning at least the recited numbers (e.g., the unmodified recitation of "two recitations" without other modifiers means at least two recitations or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention similar to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, generally speaking, such construction is intended in the sense that one skilled in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include, but is not limited to, a system having only A, a system having only B, a system having only C, a system having A and B together, a system having A and C together, a system having B and C together, and / or a system having A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention similar to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, generally speaking, such construction is intended in the sense that one skilled in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include, but is not limited to, a system having only A, a system having only B, a system having only C, a system having A and B together, a system having A and C together, a system having B and C together, and / or a system having A, B, and C together, etc.).Those skilled in the art will further understand that, whether in the specification, claims or drawings, almost any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more interchangeable terms should be understood to consider the possibility of including one of the terms, any one of the two terms, or both of the terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B" or "A and B". Further, as used herein, the term "any of..." followed by a list of multiple items and / or multiple categories of items is intended to include "any one," "any combination," "any multiple," and / or "any combination of multiple" of the items and / or categories, either alone or in combination with other items and / or other categories of items. In addition, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Additionally, as used herein, the term "number" is intended to include any number, including zero. Moreover, as used herein, the term "multiple" is intended to be synonymous with "plurality."

[0214] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0215] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations thereof. Any listed range can be easily identified as fully describing the same range and enabling the same range to be decomposed into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be easily decomposed into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, all language such as "up to," "at least," "greater than," and "less than" includes the recited number and refers to a range that can subsequently be decomposed into the subranges discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1 to 3 units refers to a group having 1, 2, or 3 units. Similarly, a group having 1 to 5 units refers to a group having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 units, and so on.

[0216] Furthermore, the claims should not be read as limited to the order or elements provided unless so stated. Furthermore, the use of the term "means for..." in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, 6 or “means-plus-function” claim format, and any claim without the term “means for…” is not intended to be so.

[0217] Although various embodiments have been described in terms of communication systems, it is contemplated that these systems may be implemented in software on a microprocessor / general purpose computer (not shown). In certain embodiments, one or more functions of the various components may be implemented in software controlling a general purpose computer.

[0218] Furthermore, although some exemplary embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the details shown. Instead, various modifications and changes may be made to the details without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention and within the scope and limits of equivalents of the claims.

[0219] References

[0220] The following references may have been mentioned above, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety:

[0221] [1]3GPP TS22.856, Feasibility Study on Localized Mobile MetaverseServices(Release 19); V0.3.0.

Claims

1. A device comprising: Circuitry, including any of a processor, a memory, a transmitter, and a receiver, the circuitry being configured to: receiving, from a WTRU enabler associated with a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), a first request to instantiate a service to be performed on behalf of the WTRU, wherein the first request includes an indication of an application type and information regarding resources of the WTRU that can be shared with one or more service servers; selecting a service server based on the application type; sending a second request to instantiate the service on the service server, wherein the second request indicates information about resources of the WTRU that can be shared with the service server; receiving a message from the service server confirming that the service has been instantiated; and sending a notification to the WTRU enabler, wherein the notification indicates a contact uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the service, The apparatus is configured to act as a bootstrapping function during a security establishment process between the WTRU enabler and the service server.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein The service includes a virtual avatar, and the service server includes a virtual avatar server.

3. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: The circuitry is configured to receive an identifier associated with the service, and wherein the notification sent to the WTRU enabler also indicates the identifier associated with the service.

4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The first request also includes any of the following: an indication of an application identifier associated with an application hosted by the WTRU, information indicating which storage resources in the WTRU enabler should be mirrored in the device, and information indicating which storage resources in the WTRU enabler should be linked in the device.

5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The second request indicates a copy of a resource associated with the application identifier.

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The second request indicates a link to a resource associated with the application identifier.

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The circuitry is configured to receive a configuration request from the WTRU enabler, wherein the configuration request indicates any of a task description and task constraints associated with a task.

8. The device according to claim 7, wherein The circuit is configured to send a third request to the service server to initiate the task according to any of the task description and the task constraints.

9. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the resources of the WTRU include storage resources configured to store application-specific data associated with an application hosted on the WTRU.

10. A method comprising: receiving, by an enabler server, from a WTRU enabler associated with a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), a first request to instantiate a service to be performed on behalf of the WTRU, wherein the first request includes an indication of an application type and information regarding resources of the WTRU that can be shared with one or more service servers; selecting a service server based on the application type; sending a second request to instantiate the service on the service server, wherein the second request indicates information about resources of the WTRU that can be shared with the service server; receiving a message from the service server confirming that the service has been instantiated; and sending a notification to the WTRU enabler, wherein the notification indicates a contact uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the service, The enabler server is configured to act as a bootstrapping function during a security establishment process between the WTRU enabler and the service server.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the service comprises a virtual twin, and wherein the service server comprises a virtual twin server.

12. The method of any of claims 10-11, comprising receiving an identifier associated with the service, and wherein the notification sent to the WTRU enabler also indicates the identifier associated with the service.

13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein: The first request also includes any of the following: an indication of an application identifier associated with an application hosted by the WTRU, information indicating which storage resources in the WTRU enabler should be mirrored in the device, and information indicating which storage resources in the WTRU enabler should be linked in the device.

14. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein: The second request indicates a copy of a resource associated with the application identifier.

15. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein The second request indicates a link to a resource associated with the application identifier.

16. The method of any of claims 10-15, comprising receiving a configuration request from the WTRU enabler, wherein the configuration request indicates any of a task description and task constraints associated with a task.

17. The method of claim 16, comprising sending a third request to the service server to initiate the task according to any of the task description and the task constraints.

18. The method of any of claims 10-17, wherein the resources of the WTRU include storage resources configured to store application-specific data associated with an application hosted on the WTRU.

19. An apparatus comprising: Circuitry, including any of a processor, a memory, and a transceiver, the circuitry being configured to: Sending first information to the enabler server, the first information indicating a request to instantiate a virtual twin, wherein the first information indicates an application type and information about resources of the UE that can be shared with the virtual twin server; receiving an indication that the avatar has been instantiated by the avatar server, the indication indicating a uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the instantiated avatar; receiving second information indicating a request for the virtual avatar to perform a task; sending configuration information to the enabler server, the configuration information indicating a description of the task, constraints associated with the task, and notification triggers associated with the task; and Using the URI, perform a secure setup process with the instantiated avatar. The first information further indicates an application instance identifier (ID) and an application instance identifier (ID) link to a resource of the device, wherein the resource stores information associated with the application instance identifier (ID).

20. A method comprising: Sending, by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), first information to an enabler server, the first information indicating a request to instantiate an avatar, wherein the first information indicates an application type and information about resources of the UE that can be shared with the avatar server; receiving an indication that the avatar has been instantiated by the avatar server, the indication indicating a uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with the instantiated avatar; receiving second information indicating a request for the virtual avatar to perform a task; sending configuration information to the enabler server, the configuration information indicating a description of the task, constraints associated with the task, and notification triggers associated with the task; and Using the URI, perform a secure setup process with the instantiated avatar. The first information further indicates an application instance identifier (ID) and an application instance identifier (ID) link to a resource of the WTRU, wherein the resource stores information associated with the application instance identifier (ID).

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