Automatic irrigation device for soil salinization treatment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil salinization treatment and agricultural automatic irrigation, and provides an automatic irrigation device for soil salinization treatment. The equipment mainly comprises a single-crystal solar panel, a storage battery pack, a controller, a booster pump, a metal net filter, a PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) filter, a reverse osmosis membrane filter element, a water tank, a liquid level sensor, a high-pressure PE (Poly Ethylene) water pipe, a sprinkling irrigation device and the like, wherein the controller is respectively connected with the single-crystal solar panel, the storage battery pack, the booster pump and the liquid level sensor through cables. According to two factors causing soil salinization, pure water prepared by the equipment is used for soil leaching and irrigation, and the purposes of accelerating soil salinization treatment and reducing the salt return rate are achieved by increasing the soil leaching effect and reducing the water level of underground water. The system has the advantages of low carbon, energy conservation, convenience in installation and use, low cost, miniaturization, intelligence and the like, the treatment time is shorter than that of traditional improvement measures, and the treatment is more thorough.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil salinization control and agricultural automatic irrigation, in particular to an automatic irrigation device for soil salinization control. Background Art

[0002] Soil salinization refers to the phenomenon that the content of various inorganic salt ions in the soil exceeds the standard, the osmotic pressure of the solution in the soil increases, and ordinary plants find it difficult to grow.

[0003] There are two important factors that cause soil salinization. One is that the evaporation from the surface is too strong, there is less precipitation, and the leaching effect is weak. The other is that the regional groundwater level is high, and salt water rises to the surface through capillary action, which easily causes continuous salt return.

[0004] China has approximately 35 million hectares of soil salinization, accounting for 3.7% of the global total. 7.6 million hectares of cultivated land are salinized, primarily in arid northern regions like Xinjiang, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia, as well as along the eastern coastal areas. Globally, salinization reduces grain production by 10%-20% annually, posing a significant threat to food security, ecological balance, and sustainable development. The expansion of saline-alkali land is directly linked to the expansion of irrigated agriculture, primarily driven by inappropriate irrigation practices, overfertilization, and industrial pollution.

[0005] Existing methods for controlling soil salinization are diverse, primarily categorized as physical, chemical, and biological measures. Physical measures primarily involve constructing water conservancy facilities and leveling the land, which require significant engineering effort. Chemical measures primarily involve applying ameliorators such as gypsum and organic acids, which require high application rates and can easily increase the overall salt content of the soil. Biological measures primarily involve planting salt-tolerant plants and inoculating microorganisms, but these methods are time-consuming and have limited biological improvement capabilities.

[0006] This invention primarily targets the two factors that contribute to soil salinization. By increasing soil leaching and lowering the groundwater level, it accelerates soil salinization control and reduces the rate of salt reversion. It offers advantages such as low carbon and energy conservation, easy installation and use, low-cost miniaturization, and intelligentization. Compared to traditional improvement measures, this treatment process takes less time and is more thorough. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology such as low efficiency, high cost and complex operation, the present invention provides an automatic irrigation device for soil salinization control, which can play an important role in soil salinization control and agricultural automatic irrigation.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs a technical solution: Using treated groundwater or nearby surface water in the area where the farmland is located for soil salinization control and agricultural irrigation, the system lowers the regional groundwater level and prevents salt regeneration. The salty water is desalinated using reverse osmosis, and the desalinated pure water is used for irrigation. This not only increases soil leaching, further prevents salt regeneration, but also drains away saline wastewater, reducing the salinity of the soil in the area where the farmland is located.

[0009] The automatic irrigation device includes a booster pump, a metal mesh filter, a valve, a PVDF filter, a reverse osmosis membrane filter element, a water storage tank, a liquid level sensor, a controller, cables, a battery pack, a monocrystalline solar panel, a well pipe, a high-pressure PE water pipe, and a sprinkler device.

[0010] In the water system, the well pipe is connected to the inlet of booster pump A. The outlet of booster pump A is connected to the inlet of a metal mesh filter, with a valve installed in between. The outlet of the metal mesh filter is connected to both the inlet and outlet of the PVDF filter via galvanized steel pipe, with valves B and C installed in between. A sediment discharge valve A is installed at the bottom of the metal mesh filter. The outlet of the PVDF filter is also connected to the inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane element via galvanized steel pipe, with valve E installed in between. A sediment discharge valve D is installed at the end of the PVDF filter. The wastewater outlet pipe of the reverse osmosis membrane element is equipped with valve F, and the pure water outlet pipe is connected to the water storage tank, with the end extending into the tank. The tank is equipped with a tank cap and an irrigation outlet pipe at the bottom, which is connected to the inlet of booster pump B. The outlet of booster pump B is connected to a high-pressure PE water pipe. The high-pressure PE water pipe is connected to multiple sprinkler systems.

[0011] In the control circuit part, the controller is connected to the monocrystalline solar panel, battery pack, booster pump A, booster pump B, liquid level sensor A, and liquid level sensor B through cables. Liquid level sensor A and liquid level sensor B are respectively attached to the lower and upper parts of the side wall of the water tank.

[0012] The controller integrates the following functional modules:

[0013] (1) Charging circuit, which receives the electric energy converted by the monocrystalline solar panel and charges the battery pack.

[0014] (2) Inverter output circuit, which inverts and boosts the electric energy stored in the battery pack and outputs it to booster pump A and booster pump B respectively.

[0015] (3) A power plug-in interface is reserved, and an external power supply can be used to charge the battery pack and power booster pump A and booster pump B, charging and powering at the same time.

[0016] (4) Low-voltage control circuit, which receives, analyzes and records the signals sent back by liquid level sensor A and liquid level sensor B, thereby controlling the opening and closing of booster pump A and booster pump B.

[0017] (5) Protection circuits for leakage, short circuit, overcharge, overdischarge, etc.

[0018] (6) Integrate the Internet of Things communication module to view data such as power consumption and irrigation volume through the mobile phone APP, recommend irrigation modes according to crop types and their phenological time, and set and control irrigation volume and irrigation time, etc.

[0019] The automatic operation logic of the low-voltage control circuit is:

[0020] (1) When the liquid level is higher than the liquid level sensor A and the liquid level is higher than the liquid level sensor B, start the booster pump B.

[0021] (2) When the liquid level is lower than the liquid level sensor B and the liquid level is lower than the liquid level sensor A, turn off the booster pump B.

[0022] (3) When the liquid level is lower than the liquid level sensor B and higher than the liquid level sensor A, there is no action.

[0023] (4) When the start-up time of booster pump B exceeds the threshold, booster pump B is turned off.

[0024] (5) When the battery pack voltage is lower than the threshold, boost pump A and boost pump B are turned off.

[0025] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0026] (1) It uses solar energy as energy and can also be plugged in for use. It can adapt to the management and use needs of various environmental conditions and is low-carbon, energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0027] (2) The water used for treatment can be salt water, etc., which has a wide range of sources and strong adaptability, effectively saving freshwater resources. The pure water produced can also be used as a source of water for daily life and animal husbandry, and has a wide range of uses.

[0028] (3) Small footprint, modular design, easy disassembly and assembly, and use, integrated backwash structure, making maintenance more convenient.

[0029] (4) The equipment is small in size, simple in structure and has low production cost.

[0030] (5) Compared with traditional improvement measures, the governance process is simpler, more efficient, faster, and has lower governance costs.

[0031] (6) By lowering the groundwater level, increasing soil leaching, freshwater irrigation, and reducing the salt content in groundwater and soil, salt return can be prevented and the treatment can be more thorough.

[0032] (7) The controller has strong scalability and an integrated Internet of Things module, which allows users to view and control irrigation volume via mobile phone, making it more convenient and intelligent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the equipment components of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working mode principle of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the controller component structure of the present invention;

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] 1. Booster pump A; 2. Metal mesh filter; 3. Valve A; 4. Valve B; 5. Valve C; 6. PVDF filter; 7. Valve D; 8. Valve E; 9. Reverse osmosis membrane filter element; 10. Valve F; 11. Wastewater outlet pipe; 12. Pure water outlet pipe; 13. Water storage tank; 14. Water tank cover; 15. Liquid level sensor A; 16. Liquid level sensor B; 17. Booster pump B; 18. Irrigation outlet pipe; 19. Controller; 20. Battery pack; 21. Monocrystalline solar panel; 22. Cable; 23. Automatic irrigation equipment; 24. Well pipe; 25. High-pressure PE water pipe; 26. Sprinkler irrigation device; 1901. Monocrystalline solar panel terminal; 1902. Battery pack terminal; 1903. Photovoltaic inverter charging integrated module; 1904. External power socket; 1905. Relay B; 1906. Relay A; 1907. Booster pump B terminal; 1908. Booster pump A terminal; 1909. Internet of Things control module; 1910. Liquid level sensor B terminal; 1911. Liquid level sensor A terminal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The structure shown in the figure shows that the automatic irrigation device of the present invention includes: a booster pump A1, a metal mesh filter 2, a valve A3, a valve B4, a valve C5, a PVDF filter 6, a valve D7, a valve E8, a reverse osmosis membrane filter element 9, a valve F10, a wastewater outlet pipe 11, a pure water outlet pipe 12, a water storage tank 13, a water tank cover 14, a liquid level sensor A15, a liquid level sensor B16, a booster pump B17, an irrigation outlet pipe 18, a controller 19, a battery pack 20, a monocrystalline solar panel 21, a cable 22, an automatic irrigation equipment 23, a well pipe 24, a high-pressure PE water pipe 25, and a sprinkler device 26.

[0040] like Figure 3In the structure shown, the controller 19 includes: a monocrystalline solar panel terminal 1901, a battery pack terminal 1902, a photovoltaic reverse control charging integrated module 1903, an external power socket 1904, a relay B 1905, a relay A 1906, a booster pump B terminal 1907, a booster pump A terminal 1908, an Internet of Things control module 1909, a liquid level sensor B terminal 1910, and a liquid level sensor A terminal 1911.

[0041] Well pipe 24 is connected to the water inlet of booster pump A1. The water outlet of booster pump A1 is connected to the water inlet of metal mesh filter 2, with a valve interposed between them. The water outlet of metal mesh filter 2 is connected to both the water inlet and outlet of PVDF filter 6 via galvanized steel pipe, with valves B4 and C5 interposed between them. A sediment discharge valve A3 is located at the bottom of metal mesh filter 2. The water outlet of PVDF filter 6 is also connected to the water inlet of reverse osmosis membrane filter element 9 via galvanized steel pipe, with valve E8 interposed between them. A sediment discharge valve D7 is located at the end of PVDF filter 6. Valve F10 is located on the wastewater outlet pipe 11 of reverse osmosis membrane filter element 9. The pure water outlet pipe 12 is connected to water storage tank 13, with its end extending into the tank. Water tank 13 is equipped with a tank cap 14 and an irrigation outlet pipe 18 at its bottom, which is connected to the water inlet of booster pump B17. The water outlet of the booster pump B17 is connected to a high-pressure PE water pipe 25. The high-pressure PE water pipe 25 is connected to a plurality of sprinkler devices 26 respectively.

[0042] Controller 19 is connected to monocrystalline solar panel 21, battery pack 20, booster pump A1, booster pump B17, liquid level sensor A15, and liquid level sensor B16 via cables 22. Liquid level sensor A15 and liquid level sensor B16 are attached to the lower and upper portions of the sidewalls of water tank 13, respectively.

[0043] Inside the controller 19, the monocrystalline solar panel terminals 1901, the battery pack terminals 1902, and the external power socket 1904 are all connected to a photovoltaic inverter-control and charging integrated module 1903. This allows the power from the monocrystalline solar panel terminals 1901 and the external power socket 1904 to be charged by the battery pack 20, and then inverted and output from the battery pack 20 to booster pumps A1 and B17. External power socket 1904 is connected to booster pump B terminals 1907 and booster pump A terminals 1908 via relays B1905 and A1906, respectively, to power booster pumps B17 and A1 with power from the external power source or the inverted output of the battery pack 20. The low-voltage control terminals of relays B1905 and A1906 are connected to an Internet of Things control module 1909, enabling intelligent control of booster pumps B17 and A1. Battery terminal 1902 is connected to IoT control module 1909, providing it with operating power. Liquid level sensor B terminal 1910 and liquid level sensor A terminal 1911 are also connected to IoT control module 1909. Booster pump B17 is activated when water tank 13 is full and shut down when it is empty, enabling automatic irrigation.

[0044] The metal mesh filter 2 has a filtration accuracy of 40 microns; the PVDF filter 6 has a filtration accuracy of 0.01 microns; and the reverse osmosis membrane filter element 9 has a filtration accuracy of 0.0001 microns. A single 8040 RO membrane is typically used, with the number of 1-3 units varying depending on the equipment model, treatment area, and soil conditions. The number of monocrystalline solar panels 21 ranges from 1 to 3, and the battery pack 20 has a capacity of 1-9 kW·h. Both booster pumps A1 and B17 have automatic start-stop functions and each has a power of approximately 1 kW. A single unit can treat soil salinization in an area of ​​approximately one mu (approximately one mu) and take approximately 15 days.

[0045] Specific installation and usage methods are as follows Figure 2 As shown, first dig a well in the middle of the farmland, place the automatic irrigation device 23 next to the well, connect the well pipe 24 to the water inlet of the booster pump A1, connect the high-pressure PE water pipe 25 to the water outlet of the booster pump B17, connect multiple sprinkler devices 26 to the high-pressure PE water pipe and evenly distribute them on the farmland, connect a plastic PVC hose to the wastewater outlet pipe 11 and place the other end in the drainage ditch, adjust the valve F10 to set the wastewater outlet to 1 / 2 of the pure water outlet, start the machine and wait for the equipment to automatically run.

[0046] When the equipment is powered on, open sediment discharge valve A3 to drain sediment from metal mesh filter 2. Close valves C5 and E8, then open valve B4 and sediment discharge valve D7 to drain sediment from PVDF filter 6. During actual operation, perform regular maintenance and sediment discharge based on the turbidity of the influent water. After sediment is drained, the equipment operates normally with valves B4, A3, and D7 closed, and valves C5 and E8 open.

[0047] Soil salinization treatment is generally carried out before crop sowing or after harvest. Before treatment, the cultivated land should be carefully plowed and soil conditioners can be applied based on soil compaction. If regional evaporation is high, the number of reverse osmosis membrane filters can be increased to achieve better salt removal and compression. For automated agricultural irrigation, the sprinkler system 26 can be replaced with a drip irrigation system to meet diverse irrigation needs.

[0048] The above are the equipment component types, connection methods and specific implementation methods of the present invention. Any equivalent replacements or obvious modifications made by technicians in this field based on the present invention without paying any creative work should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic irrigation device for soil salinization control, characterized in that: It includes a booster pump A (1), a metal mesh filter (2), a valve A (3), a valve B (4), a valve C (5), a PVDF filter (6), a valve D (7), a valve E (8), a reverse osmosis membrane filter element (9), a valve F (10), a wastewater outlet pipe (11), a pure water outlet pipe (12), a water storage tank (13), a water tank cover (14), a liquid level sensor A (15), a liquid level sensor B (16), a booster pump B (17), an irrigation outlet pipe (18), a controller (19), a battery pack (20), a monocrystalline solar panel (21), a cable (22), an automatic irrigation device (23), a well pipe (24), a high-pressure PE water pipe (25), and a sprinkler device (26).

2. The automatic irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The well pipe (24) is connected to the water inlet of the booster pump A (1), and the water outlet of the booster pump A (1) is connected to the water inlet of the metal mesh filter (2), with a valve provided in the middle. The water outlet of the metal mesh filter (2) is connected to the water inlet and water outlet of the PVDF filter (6) through a galvanized steel pipe, with a valve B (4) and a valve C (5) provided in the middle. The bottom end of the metal mesh filter (2) is provided with a sediment discharge valve A (3). The water outlet of the PVDF filter (6) is also connected to the water inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane filter element (9) through a galvanized steel pipe, with a valve E (8) provided in the middle. A sediment discharge valve D (7) is provided at the end of the DF filter (6), a valve F (10) is provided on the wastewater outlet pipe (11) of the reverse osmosis membrane filter element (9), a pure water outlet pipe (12) is connected to the water storage tank (13), and the end thereof extends into the water storage tank (13), a water tank cover (14) is provided on the water storage tank (13), and an irrigation outlet pipe (18) is provided at the bottom, the irrigation outlet pipe (18) is connected to the water inlet of the booster pump B (17), the outlet of the booster pump B (17) is connected to the high-pressure PE water pipe (25), and the high-pressure PE water pipe (25) is respectively connected to a plurality of sprinkler irrigation devices (26).

3. The automatic irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal mesh filter (2) has a filtration accuracy of 40 microns, the PVDF filter (6) has a filtration accuracy of 0.01 microns, the reverse osmosis membrane filter element (9) has a filtration accuracy of 0.0001 microns, and the number of the metal mesh filter (2) is 1-3. The number of the monocrystalline solar panels (21) is 1-3. The capacity of the battery pack (20) is 1-9 kW·h. The booster pump A (1) and the booster pump B (17) both have an automatic start-stop function and a power of 1 kW.

4. The automatic irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water outlet of the metal mesh filter (2) is connected to the water inlet and water outlet of the PVDF filter (6) through a galvanized steel pipe, with valves B (4) and C (5) provided in between. The water outlet of the PVDF filter (6) is also connected to the water inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane filter element (9) through a galvanized steel pipe, with valve E (8) provided in between. When the equipment is in the on-state, valves C (5) and E (8) are closed, and valve B (4) and sediment discharge valve D (7) are opened to discharge sediment in the PVDF filter (6).

5. The automatic irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A valve F (10) is provided on the wastewater outlet pipe (11) of the reverse osmosis membrane filter element (9), and the discharge ratio of the wastewater and pure water is controlled by adjusting the opening and closing size of the valve F (10).

6. The automatic irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller (19) is connected to the monocrystalline solar panel (21), the battery pack (20), the booster pump A (1), the booster pump B (17), the liquid level sensor A (15), and the liquid level sensor B (16) through cables (22); the liquid level sensor A (15) and the liquid level sensor B (16) are respectively attached to the lower part and the upper part of the side wall of the water storage tank (13).

7. The automatic irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller (19) includes a monocrystalline solar panel terminal (1901), a battery pack terminal (1902), a photovoltaic reverse control charging integrated module (1903), an external power socket (1904), a relay B (1905), a relay A (1906), a booster pump B terminal (1907), a booster pump A terminal (1908), an Internet of Things control module (1909), a liquid level sensor B terminal (1910), and a liquid level sensor A terminal (1911).

8. The automatic irrigation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The photovoltaic inverter-controlled charging integrated module (1903) is respectively connected to the monocrystalline solar panel terminal (1901), the battery pack terminal (1902), and the external power socket (1904).

9. The automatic irrigation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The external power socket (1904) is connected to the booster pump B terminal (1907) and the booster pump A terminal (1908) via relay B (1905) and relay A (1906) respectively.

10. The automatic irrigation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The low-voltage control terminals of the relay B (1905) and the relay A (1906) are respectively connected to the Internet of Things control module (1909); the battery pack terminal (1902) is connected to the Internet of Things control module (1909); and the liquid level sensor B terminal (1910) and the liquid level sensor A terminal (1911) are respectively connected to the Internet of Things control module (1909).

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