Application of chlorella pyrenoidosa as feed additive in Hu sheep feed preparation and breeding

Abstract

The invention discloses application of chlorella pyrenoidosa as a feed additive in Hu sheep feed preparation and breeding, and relates to the technical field of ruminant nutrition and feed. The invention provides a ruminant animal feed based on chlorella pyrenoidosa and with chlorella pyrenoidosa powder as a feed additive (the content is 1-5%). The chlorella pyrenoidosa powder contains more than or equal to 55% of crude protein and more than or equal to 25% of polyunsaturated fatty acid; the used basic ration comprises more than or equal to 14% of crude protein, more than or equal to 15.0% of crude fiber, more than or equal to 16.0% of crude ash, more than or equal to 0.50% of calcium, more than or equal to 0.40% of total phosphorus, 0.30-2.00% of sodium chloride, more than or equal to 0.40% of lysine and more than or equal to 14.0% of water. The traditional Chinese medicine composition has the effects of improving lipid metabolism and reducing deposition of saturated fatty acid for Hu sheep; the oxidation resistance and the immunity are enhanced; the meat color index is optimized, and the commodity value is improved. In addition, the feed has the advantages of reducing feed cost, adapting to efficient utilization of desert resources and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of ruminant nutrition and feed technology, and in particular relates to the use of Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a feed additive in the preparation and breeding of Hu sheep feed, aiming to improve problems such as oxidative stress, fat deposition and decreased meat quality caused by high-energy diets. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of modern intensive farming, high-energy pelleted feed has been widely used by large sheep farming enterprises due to its characteristics of reducing picky eating and promoting rapid growth of fattening sheep. However, with the in-depth use of pelleted feed, a series of problems have also been brought about, such as: imbalance of rumen fermentation environment, abnormal concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), affecting digestion efficiency; increased oxidative stress, decreased serum antioxidant enzyme activity, insufficient immunoglobulin (such as IgM, IgA) levels; increased subcutaneous and visceral fat deposition, reduced slaughter rate, and thus reduced the profit level of fattening sheep. Although plant extracts (such as polyphenols) can regulate lipid metabolism, they are expensive and have limited effects. Complex enzyme preparations can improve rumen fermentation, but they do not solve the problems of polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency and meat color deterioration. In summary, the following technical problems currently exist in the field of ruminant feed: (1) oxidative stress and fat deposition caused by high-energy diets; (2) existing additives cannot simultaneously optimize growth performance, meat quality and immune indicators; (3) lack of low-cost, high-efficiency natural feed additive solutions.

[0003] Chlorella pyrenoidosa is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as EPA and DHA) and antioxidants, but its application in ruminants has not been systematically studied, and existing technologies do not disclose its dosage effect and regulatory mechanism on rumen microflora. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the various issues associated with high-energy diets in ruminant farming, the present invention provides a ruminant feed based on Chlorella pyrenoidosa, using Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder as a feed additive (content 1%-5%). Feeding Hu sheep with this feed improves lipid metabolism, reduces saturated fatty acid deposition, enhances antioxidant and immune capacity, optimizes meat color, and increases commercial value. Furthermore, the present invention reduces feed costs and facilitates efficient utilization of desert resources.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a ruminant feed based on Chlorella pyrenoidosa, wherein the ruminant feed uses Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder as a feed additive and also includes a basic diet, in which the weight percentage of Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder is 1%-5%; the crude protein in the Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder is ≥55%, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids are ≥25%; the basic diet contains crude protein ≥14%, crude fiber ≥15.0%, crude ash ≥16.0%, calcium ≥0.50%, total phosphorus ≥0.40%, sodium chloride 0.30%-2.00%, lysine ≥0.40%, and moisture ≥14.0%.

[0007] Preferably, the Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder is obtained by drying and crushing Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultured in a desert environment, and its weight percentage in ruminant feed is 2%-4%.

[0008] More preferably, the weight percentage of the Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder in the ruminant feed is 3%.

[0009] Preferably, the basic diet formula is: 55%-65% corn, 5%-10% cottonseed meal, 10%-15% wheat flour, 5%-15% soybean meal, 4%-6% safflower meal, 0.1%-0.5% sodium hydrogen phosphate, 1%-3% stone powder, 0.5%-1.0% palm fat powder, 0.5%-1.5% salt, and 1.0%-2.0% premix.

[0010] More preferably, the basic diet formula is: 61.3% corn, 6% cottonseed meal, 12% wheat flour, 10% soybean meal, 5% safflower meal, 0.4% sodium hydrogen phosphate, 2% stone powder, 0.8% palm fat powder, 1% salt, and 1.5% premix.

[0011] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing any of the above ruminant feeds, comprising the following steps:

[0012] (1) Using photobioreactors to cultivate Chlorella pyrenoidosa on a large scale in a desert environment;

[0013] (2) Harvest the algae by centrifugation, freeze-dry, and crush to 70-90 mesh;

[0014] (3) Mix algae powder and basic diet evenly.

[0015] Preferably, the mixing is carried out by a twin-shaft horizontal mixer, and the mixing time is ≥5 minutes.

[0016] A third object of the present invention is to provide application of any of the above-mentioned ruminant feeds and / or any of the above-mentioned methods for preparing ruminant feeds in ruminant breeding.

[0017] Preferably, the ruminant includes Hu sheep.

[0018] More preferably, the application includes application in improving the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune performance, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microorganisms and / or meat quality of Hu sheep.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) Significantly improve lipid metabolism of Hu sheep and reduce saturated fatty acid deposition;

[0021] (2) Enhanced the antioxidant and immune capabilities of Hu sheep (e.g., IgM concentration increased by 132.3%);

[0022] (3) Optimize the meat color index of Huyang and enhance the commodity value of Huyang;

[0023] (4) Reduce feed costs and adapt to the efficient use of desert resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The growth performance of fattening sheep in each group in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 These are the rumen fermentation parameters of each group of fattening sheep in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 These are the serum biochemical indicators of each group of fattening sheep in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 The serum immune performance of each group of fattening sheep in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is the serum antioxidant capacity of each group of fattening sheep in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 The meat quality of each group of fattening sheep in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7-Figure 9 The rumen microbial conditions of each group of fattening sheep in Example 1 of the present invention are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, modifications or substitutions made to the inventive method, steps or conditions are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The reagents, products and instruments used in the following examples are all commercially available, and the methods used in the examples are consistent with conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention is further elaborated in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0033] Example 1 Feed preparation and feeding test

[0034] 1. Feed preparation

[0035] 1. Feed composition

[0036] Basic diet (95%-99%) formula: corn 61.3%, cottonseed meal 6%, wheat flour 12%, soybean meal 10%, safflower meal 5%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.4%, rock dust 2%, palm fat powder 0.8%, salt 1%, premix 1.5%; (crude protein ≥14%, crude fiber ≥15.0%, crude ash ≥16.0%, calcium ≥0.50%, total phosphorus ≥0.40%, sodium chloride 0.30-2.00%, lysine ≥0.40%, moisture ≥14.0%);

[0037] Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder (1%-5%): Made by drying and crushing Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultivated in desert environment (crude protein ≥55%, polyunsaturated fatty acids ≥25%).

[0038] 2. Preparation method

[0039] (1) Cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Large-scale cultivation in a desert environment using a photobioreactor;

[0040] (2) Algal powder processing: harvest algae by centrifugation, freeze-dry, and crush to 80 mesh;

[0041] (3) Mixing process: Algae powder and basic diet are evenly mixed by a double-shaft horizontal mixer (mixing time ≥ 5 minutes).

[0042] 2. Experimental Design

[0043] Thirty-two male Hu sheep lambs (age 90±3 days, weight 26.72±1.79 kg) were divided into four groups (W0: 0%; W1: 1%; W3: 3%; W5: 5%) according to the different addition amounts of Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder. The pre-feeding period was 10 days and the main feeding period was 60 days.

[0044] Measured indicators: growth performance, rumen fermentation, serum biochemistry, meat quality and rumen microorganisms.

[0045] 3. Test results:

[0046] (1) Growth performance Figure 1 ): The daily weight gain of the W3 group was 350.71g (11.6% higher than W0), and the feed-to-weight ratio decreased by 14% (5.40 vs 6.28); the 5% addition had an inhibitory effect, the daily feed intake of the W5 group decreased by 18.4% (1566.16 vs 1920.22), and the daily weight gain decreased to 292.62g (16.6% lower than W0).

[0047] (2) Antioxidant capacity Figure 5 ): 5% addition (W5 group) increased serum SOD activity by 51.1% (4.05 vs. 2.68 U / ml).

[0048] (3)Immune performance Figure 4 ): In the W1 group, IgM increased by 132.3% (7676.75 vs 3305.84), IgG increased by 84.0% (48.78 vs 26.51), and IgA increased by 65.2% (7305.16 vs 4421.02). In the W5 group, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) decreased significantly by 49.3% (126.52 vs 249.48), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) increased by 315.7% (871.72 vs 209.69).

[0049] (4) Lipid metabolism Figure 3 ): Total cholesterol (TC) in the W5 group increased significantly by 31.58% (2.00 vs 1.52), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased significantly by 50.00% (0.99 vs 0.66), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased by 17.20% (1.09 vs 0.93). Protein metabolism: Urea nitrogen (UN) in the W5 group increased by 17.74% (6.77 vs 5.75), total protein (TP) increased by 13.49% (72.67 vs 64.03), albumin (ALB) increased by 6.3% (33.28 vs 31.30), globulin (GLB) increased by 20.35% (39.39 vs 32.73), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the W5 group increased significantly by 26.39% (134.32 vs 106.57), indicating that the 5% addition caused significant metabolic stress or potential damage to the liver of fattening sheep.

[0050] (5) Rumen fermentation parameters ( Figure 2 ): The pH value of the W0 group was 5.67, which was lower than the healthy rumen range. Chlorella significantly increased the rumen pH to 6.32-6.51, improving rumen health; the ammonia nitrogen content of the W3 group increased by 42.4% (208.00 vs 146.06), and the ammonia concentration decreased by 34.3% (31.87 vs 48.61); the total VFA of the W3 group decreased by 48.8% (102.67 vs 200.71), and the concentrations of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid increased by 73.5% and 97.9%, respectively.

[0051] (6) Rumen microorganisms ( Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9): The microorganisms in rumen fluid are mainly Bacteroidota (41.35%-49.75%) and Firmicutes (40.75%-51.03%); at the genus level, Prevotella (29.92%-41.21%), unclassified Selenomonadaceae (4.23%-20.55%) and Shuttleworthia (6.81%-7.36%) dominate the rumen microorganisms; UCG-002 and UCG-005 may be the key bacterial genera responding to Chlorella.

[0052] (7) Meat quality Figure 6 ): The L* of the longissimus dorsi muscle in the W5 group was 37.08 (↑17.6% compared with W0), and the L* of the longissimus thoracis muscle in the W5 group was 42.94 (↑12.1%); compared with the W0 group, the a* value of the longissimus dorsi muscle in the W5 group increased by 21.5%, the a* value of the longissimus thoracis muscle in the W5 group increased by 50.2%, and the b* value of the longissimus thoracis muscle in the W5 group increased by 33.6%; Chlorella had no significant effect on the pH value of meat.

[0053] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ruminant feed based on Chlorella pyrenoidosa, characterized in that: The invention uses chlorella pyrenoid powder as a feed additive and also includes a basic diet in which the weight percentage of the chlorella pyrenoid powder is 1%-5%. The crude protein in the chlorella pyrenoid powder is ≥55%, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids are ≥25%. The basic diet also contains crude protein ≥14%, crude fiber ≥15.0%, crude ash ≥16.0%, calcium ≥0.50%, total phosphorus ≥0.40%, sodium chloride 0.30%-2.00%, lysine ≥0.40%, and moisture ≥14.0%.

2. The ruminant feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The chlorella pyrenoidosa powder is prepared by drying and crushing chlorella pyrenoidosa cultured in a desert environment, and its weight percentage in ruminant feed is 2%-4%.

3. The ruminant feed according to claim 2, characterized in that The weight percentage of the chlorella pyrenoidosa powder in the ruminant feed is 3%.

4. The ruminant feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The basic diet formula is: 55%-65% corn, 5%-10% cottonseed meal, 10%-15% wheat flour, 5%-15% soybean meal, 4%-6% safflower meal, 0.1%-0.5% sodium hydrogen phosphate, 1%-3% stone powder, 0.5%-1.0% palm fat powder, 0.5%-1.5% salt, and 1.0%-2.0% premix.

5. The ruminant feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that The basic diet formula is: 61.3% corn, 6% cottonseed meal, 12% wheat flour, 10% soybean meal, 5% safflower meal, 0.4% sodium hydrogen phosphate, 2% stone powder, 0.8% palm fat powder, 1% salt, and 1.5% premix.

6. The method for preparing ruminant feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Using photobioreactors to cultivate Chlorella pyrenoidosa on a large scale in a desert environment; (2) Harvest the algae by centrifugation, freeze-dry, and crush to 70-90 mesh; (3) Mix algae powder and basic diet evenly.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that The mixing is carried out by a double-shaft horizontal mixer, and the mixing time is ≥5 minutes.

8. Use of the ruminant feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and / or the preparation method of the ruminant feed according to any one of claims 6 to 7 in ruminant breeding.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that The ruminants include Hu sheep.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that The applications include applications in improving the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune performance, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microorganisms and / or meat quality of Hu sheep.

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