Additive manufacturing device for forming magnesium-based composite material component and additive manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The additive manufacturing device is arranged in a machine body of a 3D printer and comprises a laser device, a sealing cover, an ultrasonic vibrator, an induction heater, a forming base plate, an induction power source, a heat insulator, a deposition head and an oxygen controller. The forming substrate is arranged in the induction heater, the deposition head is arranged above the forming substrate, the induction heater is arranged at the output end of the ultrasonic vibrator, the heat insulator is arranged between the induction heater and the ultrasonic vibrator, the induction power source is electrically connected with the induction heater, and the ultrasonic vibrator is used for making the forming substrate vibrate. The induction heater is used for preventing heat from being transmitted to the ultrasonic vibrator, and the oxygen controller communicates with the sealing cover and controls the oxygen content of the machining environment in the sealing cover. According to the additive manufacturing device for forming the magnesium-based composite component and the additive manufacturing method of the additive manufacturing device, the multi-field coupling auxiliary additive manufacturing synergistic strengthening effect and the nanometer strengthening effect can be achieved at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of 3D printing technology, and in particular to an additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method for forming a magnesium-based composite material component. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for high-performance materials and advanced manufacturing technologies in fields such as aerospace, automobiles, electronics, and rail transportation, magnesium-based composites have gradually gained widespread attention and application due to their excellent properties such as light weight, high specific strength and specific stiffness, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Traditional methods for preparing magnesium-based composites mainly include stir casting, extrusion casting, powder metallurgy, and stir friction processing. However, these traditional methods have many limitations in the preparation of high-performance magnesium-based composites and are difficult to meet the needs of various fields for digital rapid manufacturing. Common reinforcements such as SiC, Al2O3, and TiC have improved the performance of the materials to a certain extent, but the limitations of traditional preparation methods still restrict the further development of magnesium-based composites in high-end applications.

[0003] In recent years, 3D printing technology, especially additive manufacturing technologies such as selective laser melting and laser directed energy deposition, has gradually become a promising method for manufacturing high-performance magnesium-based parts. However, despite the successful application of laser additive manufacturing technology in other metal materials, magnesium-based composites still face significant challenges during laser additive manufacturing, especially in terms of safety, thermal management, forming accuracy, and material quality.

[0004] Specifically, in the selective laser melting process based on magnesium alloy powder, the presence of oxygen-philic elements brings about the risk of flammability and explosion. The low absorption rate of magnesium alloy powder to infrared laser requires high-power laser to melt the material, which makes the molten pool unstable and prone to forming defects such as pores and spatter. In addition, the high thermal expansion coefficient and low melting point of magnesium alloy cause a large temperature gradient during the melting process, which leads to the formation of thermal stress-related defects such as cracks and warping, seriously affecting the structural strength and surface quality of the parts and reducing their mechanical properties. Magnesium-based composite materials have poor fluidity, and it is often difficult to achieve good interlayer bonding during the melting process, resulting in low density of the formed part and defects such as voids, which further affect the performance of the final product. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides an additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method for forming a magnesium-based composite material component, so as to solve the problems in the prior art of high risk of additive manufacturing on the surface of formed magnesium-based composite material components and poor quality and performance of the formed magnesium-based composite material components.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions: an additive manufacturing device for forming a magnesium-based composite material component, disposed in a 3D printer body, comprising a laser, a sealing cover, an ultrasonic vibrator, an induction heater, a forming substrate, an induction power supply, a heat insulator, a deposition head, and an oxygen controller;

[0007] The forming substrate is disposed within the induction heater, the deposition head is disposed above the forming substrate, the induction heater is disposed on the output end of the ultrasonic vibrator, the heat insulator is disposed between the induction heater and the ultrasonic vibrator, the induction power supply is electrically connected to the induction heater, the ultrasonic vibrator is used to vibrate the forming substrate, the induction heater is used to prevent heat from being transmitted to the ultrasonic vibrator, and the oxygen controller is connected to the sealing cover to control the oxygen content of the processing environment in the sealing cover;

[0008] There are two lasers, both of which are arranged above the sealing cover. One of the two lasers emits infrared laser and the other emits blue laser. A deposition head is arranged in the path of the laser beam emitted by the laser. A powder feeding head is provided on the deposition head, and the powder feeding head is used to transfer powder to the forming substrate.

[0009] The sealing cover is provided with a wire feeding controller for controlling the wire feeding speed and wire feeding amount of the alloy wire. The output end of the wire feeding controller is provided with a wire feeding head, and the wire feeding head is provided above the forming substrate. The wire feeding head is provided with a temperature controller for controlling the temperature of the wire feeding head. When forming a structural part on the forming substrate, the laser emitted by the laser is transmitted through the sealing cover to the forming substrate, so that a molten pool is formed on the forming substrate or the structural part formed on the forming substrate.

[0010] A method for additively manufacturing a magnesium-based composite material component is provided, wherein the method adopts the aforementioned device for additively manufacturing a magnesium-based composite material component, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1. Pretreatment of materials and forming substrates: Ceramic nanopowders with a particle size of 1 to 5 nm are granulated into micron powders with a particle size of 25 to 110 μm using a centrifugal spray process; magnesium alloy wire is selected as the welding wire for additive manufacturing; 316L stainless steel is selected as the forming substrate material; the surface of the forming substrate is first sandblasted, and then laser cleaning is used to remove any remaining surface residues. The forming substrate is then submerged in alcohol and cleaned with ultrasonic cleaning;

[0012] S2. Pretreatment before additive manufacturing: The granulated powder is delivered to the surface of the forming substrate through the powder feeding head; the magnesium alloy wire is placed in the wire feeding controller, and the positions of the powder feeding head, laser, and wire feeding head are adjusted so that the laser beam, the convergence point of the powder flow, and the end of the magnesium alloy wire are in a straight line, the distance between the bottom of the powder feeding head and the surface of the forming substrate is 15 mm, and the end of the magnesium alloy wire is located between the powder feeding head and the forming substrate, and 1.0 mm away from the forming substrate;

[0013] S3, additive manufacturing process: Turn on the inert gas charging device to ensure that the purity of argon in the forming environment is greater than 99.999%; turn on the oxygen controller, wire feed controller, and laser in sequence to prepare magnesium-based composite materials and structural parts that meet the requirements on the forming substrate;

[0014] S4. Additive manufacturing is finished: After forming is completed, turn off the laser, wire feed controller, powder feeder, and ultrasonic vibrator in sequence, and wait for at least 1 second to turn off the induction heater and inert gas charging device.

[0015] In one embodiment, in S1, the ceramic nanopowder is Al2O3 ceramic nanopowder, and the magnesium alloy wire is AZ91D magnesium alloy wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, in S1, the centrifugal spray process has process parameters of an air inlet temperature of 300-350°C, an air outlet temperature of 100-120°C, a water pump speed of 15-20 r / min, and the powder after granulation is maintained at 510°C in a sintering furnace for 35 minutes to remove organic matter such as polyvinyl alcohol and water used to bond the nanopowder.

[0017] Furthermore, in S1 , the size of the formed substrate is 20 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm;

[0018] In S2, the angle between the wire feeder and the forming substrate is set to 30°, and the temperature controller 5 on the wire feeder is adjusted to keep the temperature of the wire feeder at 10°C. The induction power supply is turned on and the parameters are adjusted. The forming substrate is heated to 120°C using the induction heater and maintained for 40 minutes. The ultrasonic vibrator is turned on and the vibration output frequency is set to 10 kHz. To ensure a stable forming process and excellent final performance of the structural part, the forming process parameters are adjusted to an infrared laser spot diameter of 1.5 mm and a laser power density of 10 W / cm 2 , blue laser spot diameter 5mm, laser power density 10 2 W / cm 2 , the deposition head scanning speed is 230mm / min, the powder feeding rate is 0.05g / min, the wire feeding speed is 1.5m / min, and the deposition head single layer lifting height is set to 0.2mm, and the lifting height is increased by 0.04mm for each additional layer to compensate for the integrity of the molten pool;

[0019] In S3, the oxygen content of the forming environment was adjusted to 130-300 ppm through the oxygen controller; the powder feeding gas flow rate and the shielding gas flow rate in the powder feeding head were adjusted to 5 L / min and 10 L / min, respectively, and the gas pressures were adjusted to 0.1 MPa and 0.2 MPa, respectively; the moving direction of the wire feeding head was adjusted to be consistent with the moving direction of the deposition head, and the gas flow rate and gas pressure in the wire feeding head were adjusted to 5 L / min and 0.1 MPa, respectively; the center of the infrared laser spot was adjusted to coincide with the center of the blue laser spot; the induction power supply was adjusted and the parameter forming substrate temperature was adjusted to 250°C and maintained until the end of the forming;

[0020] In S4, the induction heater and the inert gas are turned off after a delay of 5 minutes.

[0021] In one embodiment, in S1, the ceramic nanopowder is ZrO2 ceramic nanopowder, and the magnesium alloy wire is Mg-15Gd-1Al-0.4Zr magnesium alloy wire with a diameter of 3.5 mm.

[0022] Furthermore, in S1, the centrifugal spray process has process parameters of an air inlet temperature of 400-450°C, an air outlet temperature of 150-180°C, a water pump speed of 30-35 r / min, and the powder after granulation is maintained at 650°C in a sintering furnace for 60 minutes to remove organic matter and water such as polyvinyl alcohol used to bond the nanopowder.

[0023] Furthermore, in S1, the size of the formed substrate is 10 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm;

[0024] In S2, the angle between the wire feeder and the forming substrate is set to 60°, and the temperature controller on the wire feeder is adjusted to 40°C. The induction power supply is turned on and the parameters are adjusted. The forming substrate is heated to 250°C and maintained for 10 minutes using the induction heater. The ultrasonic vibrator is turned on and the vibration output frequency is set to 25 kHz. To ensure the stability of the forming process and the excellent final performance of the structural parts, the forming process parameters are adjusted to an infrared laser spot diameter of 2.5 mm and a laser power density of 10. 3 W / cm 2 , blue laser spot diameter 10mm, laser power density 5×10 4 W / cm 2 , the deposition head scanning speed is 880mm / min, the powder feeding rate is 5.7g / min, the wire feeding speed is 5.5m / min, and the deposition head single layer lifting height is set to 1.8mm, and the lifting height increases by 0.08mm for each additional layer to compensate for the integrity of the molten pool;

[0025] In S3, the oxygen content of the forming environment is adjusted to be maintained at 130-200 ppm by the oxygen controller; the powder feeding gas flow rate and the shielding gas flow rate in the powder feeding head are adjusted to 10 L / min and 15 L / min respectively, and the gas pressures are adjusted to 0.15 MPa and 0.25 MPa respectively; the moving direction of the wire feeding head is adjusted to be consistent with the moving direction of the deposition head, and the gas flow rate and gas pressure in the wire feeding head are adjusted to be 10 L / min and 0.15 MPa respectively; the center of the infrared laser spot and the center of the blue laser spot are adjusted to deviate by 2.5 mm in the scanning direction of the deposition head; the induction power supply is adjusted and the parameter forming substrate (9) temperature is adjusted to 350°C and maintained until the forming is completed;

[0026] In S4, the induction heater and the inert gas are turned off after a delay of 20 minutes.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] The additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method for forming magnesium-based composite material components provided by the present invention can simultaneously exert the effects of multi-field coupling-assisted additive manufacturing synergistic strengthening and nano-strengthening. The forming process is stable, safe and reliable, and the product quality is good and the performance is excellent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of an additive manufacturing device for forming magnesium-based composite components.

[0030] Description of reference numerals:

[0031] 1. Powder feeding head; 2. Laser beam; 3. Laser; 4. Deposition head; 5. Temperature controller; 6. Wire feed controller; 7. Oxygen controller; 8. Sealing cover; 9. Forming substrate; 10. Structural parts; 11. Molten pool; 12. Ultrasonic vibrator; 13. Thermal insulator; 14. Induction power supply; 15. Induction heater. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following describes the specific embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an additive manufacturing device for forming a magnesium-based composite material component, which is arranged in the body of a 3D printer and includes a laser 3, a sealing cover 8, an ultrasonic vibrator 12, an induction heater 15, a forming substrate 9, an induction power supply 14, a heat insulator 13, a deposition head 4 and an oxygen controller 7;

[0035] The forming substrate 9 is disposed within the induction heater 15, the deposition head 4 is disposed above the forming substrate 9, the induction heater 15 is disposed on the output end of the ultrasonic vibrator 12, the heat insulator 13 is disposed between the induction heater 15 and the ultrasonic vibrator 12, the induction power supply 14 is electrically connected to the induction heater 15, the ultrasonic vibrator 12 is used to vibrate the forming substrate 9, and the induction heater 15 is used to prevent heat from being transmitted to the ultrasonic vibrator 12. The oxygen controller 7 is connected to the sealing cover 8 to control the oxygen content of the processing environment in the sealing cover 8;

[0036] There are two lasers 3, both of which are arranged above the sealing cover 8. One of the two lasers 3 emits an infrared laser, and the other emits a blue laser (in one embodiment, one of the two lasers 3 is a YLS-6000-S2T laser for providing infrared laser, and the other laser 3 is a UW2000-455 laser for providing blue laser). The deposition head 4 is arranged on the path of the laser beam 2 emitted by the laser 3. The deposition head 4 is provided with a powder feeding head 1, which is used to transfer powder to the forming substrate 9;

[0037] The sealing cover 8 is provided with a wire feeding controller 6 for controlling the wire feeding speed and wire feeding amount of the alloy wire. The output end of the wire feeding controller 6 is provided with a wire feeding head, and the wire feeding head is arranged above the forming substrate 9. The wire feeding head is provided with a temperature controller 5 for controlling the temperature of the wire feeding head. When the structural part 10 is formed on the forming substrate 9, the laser emitted by the laser 3 is transmitted through the sealing cover 8 to the forming substrate 9, so that a molten pool 11 is formed on the forming substrate 9 or the structural part 10 formed on the forming substrate 9 (the specific structures of the laser 3, temperature controller 5, oxygen controller 7, ultrasonic vibrator 12, heat insulator 13 and induction heater 15 have multiple embodiments in the prior art, and their models and structures are not necessary technical features for solving the present invention. The specific structures of the laser 3, temperature controller 5, oxygen controller 7, ultrasonic vibrator 12, heat insulator 13 and induction heater 15 are not repeated here).

[0038] Example 2

[0039] An embodiment of the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method for forming a magnesium-based composite material component, using the additive manufacturing device for forming a magnesium-based composite material component described in Example 1, and specifically comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1. Pretreatment of materials and forming substrate 9: Al2O3 ceramic nanopowder with a particle size of 1-5nm is granulated into micron powder with a particle size of 25-110μm by centrifugal spraying process (the centrifugal spraying process refers to the process parameters of the air inlet temperature of 300-350℃, the air outlet temperature of 100-120℃, the water pump speed of 15-20r / min, and the powder is kept in a sintering furnace at 510℃ for 35 minutes after granulation to remove organic matter such as polyvinyl alcohol and water used to bind the nanopowder); select a diameter of 1. 2mm AZ91D magnesium alloy wire is used as the welding wire for additive manufacturing; 316L stainless steel is selected as the material for the forming substrate 9, and the dimensions of the forming substrate 9 are 20mm×300mm×300mm (the substrate dimensions of 20mm×300mm×300mm refer to the substrate thickness of 20mm, length of 300mm, and width of 300mm). The surface of the forming substrate 9 is first sandblasted, and then laser cleaning is used to remove the remaining surface residue. The forming substrate 9 is then submerged in alcohol and cleaned with ultrasonic cleaning.

[0041] S2. Pretreatment before additive manufacturing: The granulated Al2O3 powder is transported to the surface of the forming substrate 9 through the powder feeding head 1; the AZ91D magnesium alloy wire is placed in the wire feeding controller 6, and the positions of the powder feeding head 1, the laser 3 and the wire feeding head are adjusted so that the laser beam 2, the powder flow convergence point and the end of the magnesium alloy wire are in the same straight line, and the distance between the bottom of the powder feeding head 1 and the surface of the forming substrate 9 is 15 mm, and the end of the magnesium alloy wire is between the powder feeding head 1 and the forming substrate 9 and away from the forming substrate 9. 1.0mm; set the angle between the wire feeder and the forming substrate 9 to 30°, adjust the temperature controller 5 on the wire feeder to make the temperature of the wire feeder 10°C; turn on the induction power supply 14 and adjust the parameters, use the induction heater 15 to heat the forming substrate 9 to 120°C and maintain it for 40 minutes; turn on the ultrasonic vibrator 12 and set the vibration output frequency to 10KHz; in order to ensure the stability of the forming process and the excellent final performance of the structural part 10, adjust the forming process parameters to the infrared laser spot diameter of 1.5mm and the laser power density of 10W / cm 2 , blue laser spot diameter 5mm, laser power density 10 2 W / cm 2 , the scanning speed of the deposition head 4 is 230 mm / min, the powder feeding rate is 0.05 g / min, the wire feeding speed is 1.5 m / min, and the single-layer lifting height of the deposition head 4 is set to 0.2 mm, and the lifting height is increased by 0.04 mm for each additional layer to compensate for the integrity of the molten pool 11;

[0042] S3. Additive manufacturing process: turn on the inert gas charging device to make the purity of argon in the forming environment greater than 99.999%, and adjust the oxygen content of the forming environment to 130-300ppm through the oxygen controller 7; adjust the powder feeding gas flow rate and the shielding gas flow rate in the powder feeding head 1 to 5L / min and 10L / min respectively, and the gas pressure to 0.1MPa and 0.2MPa respectively; adjust the moving direction of the wire feeding head to be consistent with the moving direction of the deposition head 4, and the gas flow rate and gas pressure in the wire feeding head to be 5L / min and 0.1MPa respectively; adjust the center of the infrared laser spot to coincide with the center of the blue laser spot; adjust the induction power supply 14 and adjust the parameter forming substrate 9 temperature to 250℃, and maintain it until the forming is completed; turn on the wire feeding controller 6 and the laser 3 in turn, and prepare magnesium-based composite materials and structural parts 10 that meet the requirements on the forming substrate 9.

[0043] S4, end of additive manufacturing: After the forming is completed, the laser 3, wire feed controller 6, powder feeder, and ultrasonic vibrator 12 are turned off in sequence, and the induction heater 15 and the inert gas charging device are turned off after a delay of 5 minutes.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] An embodiment of the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method for forming a magnesium-based composite material component, using the additive manufacturing device for forming a magnesium-based composite material component described in Example 1, and specifically comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1. Material and substrate pretreatment: ZrO2 ceramic nanopowder with a particle size of 1 to 5 nm is granulated into micron powder with a particle size of 25 to 110 μm by a centrifugal spray process (the centrifugal spray process refers to the process parameters of an air inlet temperature of 400 to 450°C, an air outlet temperature of 150 to 180°C, a water pump speed of 30 to 35 r / min, and the powder after granulation is maintained at 650°C in a sintering furnace for 60 minutes to remove organic matter and water such as polyvinyl alcohol used to bond the nanopowder); Mg-15Gd-1Al-0.4Zr magnesium alloy wire with a diameter of 3.5 mm is selected as the welding wire for additive manufacturing; 316L stainless steel is selected as the material for the forming substrate 9, and the size of the forming substrate 9 is 10 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm; the surface of the forming substrate 9 is first sandblasted, and then the remaining residue on the surface is removed by laser cleaning, and the forming substrate 9 is immersed in alcohol and cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning;

[0047] S2. Pretreatment before additive manufacturing: The granulated ZrO2 powder is transported to the surface of the forming substrate 9 through the powder feeding head 1; the Mg-15Gd-1Al-0.4Zr magnesium alloy wire is placed in the wire feeding controller 6, and the positions of the powder feeding head 1, the laser 3, and the wire feeding head are adjusted so that the laser beam 2, the powder flow convergence point, and the end of the magnesium alloy wire are in the same straight line, and the distance between the bottom of the powder feeding head 1 and the surface of the forming substrate 9 is 15 mm, so that the end of the magnesium alloy wire is located between the powder feeding head 1 and the forming substrate 9. The angle between the wire feeder and the forming substrate 9 is set to 60°, and the temperature controller 5 on the wire feeder is adjusted to make the temperature of the wire feeder 9 40°C. The induction power supply 14 is turned on and the parameters are adjusted. The forming substrate 9 is heated to 250°C and maintained for 10 minutes using the induction heater 15. The ultrasonic vibrator 12 is turned on and the vibration output frequency is set to 25KHz. In order to ensure the stability of the forming process and the excellent final performance of the structural part 10, the forming process parameters are adjusted to an infrared laser spot diameter of 2.5mm and a laser power density of 10. 3 W / cm 2 , blue laser spot diameter 10mm, laser power density 5×10 4 W / cm 2 The scanning speed of the deposition head 4 is 880 mm / min, the powder feeding rate is 5.7 g / min, the wire feeding speed is 5.5 m / min, and the single-layer lifting height of the deposition head 4 is set to 1.8 mm, and the lifting height increases by 0.08 mm for each additional layer to compensate for the integrity of the molten pool 11.

[0048] S3. Additive manufacturing process: turn on the inert gas charging device to make the purity of argon in the forming environment greater than 99.999%, and adjust the oxygen content of the forming environment to 130-200 ppm through the oxygen controller 7; adjust the powder feeding gas flow rate and the shielding gas flow rate in the powder feeding head 1 to 10L / min and 15L / min respectively, and the gas pressure to 0.15MPa and 0.25MPa respectively; adjust the moving direction of the wire feeding head to be consistent with the moving direction of the deposition head 4, and the gas flow rate and gas pressure in the wire feeding head to 10L / min and 0.1.5MPa respectively; adjust the center of the infrared laser spot and the center of the blue laser spot to deviate by 2.5mm in the scanning direction of the deposition head 4; adjust the induction power supply 14 and adjust the parameter forming substrate 9 temperature to 350℃, and maintain it until the forming is completed; turn on the wire feeding controller 6 and the laser 3 in turn, and prepare magnesium-based composite materials and structural parts 10 that meet the requirements on the forming substrate 9.

[0049] S4, end of additive manufacturing: After the forming is completed, the laser 3, wire feed controller 6, powder feeder, and ultrasonic vibrator 12 are turned off in sequence, and the induction heater 15 and the inert gas are turned off after a delay of 20 minutes.

[0050] Comparative Example 1:

[0051] In Example 2, in S1, the size of the forming substrate 9 is 5 mm×300 mm×300 mm, and the other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0052] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0053] Comparative Example 2:

[0054] In Example 3, in S1, the size of the forming substrate 9 is 50 mm×300 mm×300 mm, and the other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0055] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0056] Comparative Example 3:

[0057] In Example 2, the centrifugal spray process refers to a process in which the process parameters are an air inlet temperature of 200°C, an air outlet temperature of 90°C, a water pump speed of 12 r / min, and the powder after granulation is maintained at 450°C in a sintering furnace for 25 minutes to remove organic matter and water such as polyvinyl alcohol used to bond the nanopowder. The other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0058] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0059] Comparative Example 4:

[0060] In Example 2, the centrifugal spray process refers to a process in which the process parameters are an air inlet temperature of 500°C, an air outlet temperature of 200°C, a water pump speed of 40 r / min, and the powder after granulation is maintained at 700°C in a sintering furnace for 65 minutes to remove organic matter and water such as polyvinyl alcohol used to bond the nanopowder. The other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0061] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0062] Comparative Example 5:

[0063] Compared with Example 2, in S1, no blue laser is used, and the other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0064] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0065] Comparative Example 6:

[0066] Compared with Example 2, in S1, ultrasonic-assisted additive manufacturing is not used, and the other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0067] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0068] Comparative Example 7:

[0069] Compared with Example 3, in S1, induction heating-assisted additive manufacturing is not used, and the other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0070] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0071] Comparative Example 8:

[0072] Compared with Example 2, in S1, the infrared laser spot diameter is 1 mm, the laser power density is 5 W / cm 2 , blue laser spot diameter 2mm, laser power density 10W / cm 2 The scanning speed of the deposition head 4 is 130 mm / min, the powder feeding rate is 0.04 g / min, the wire feeding speed is 1.0 m / min, and the single-layer lifting height of the deposition head 4 is set to 0.1 mm. For each additional layer, the lifting height increases by 0.02 mm to compensate for the integrity of the molten pool 11. The other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0073] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0074] Comparative Example 9:

[0075] Compared with Example 3, in S1, the diameter of the infrared laser spot is 2.5 mm, the laser power density is 5×10 3 W / cm 2 , blue laser spot diameter 15mm, laser power density 10 5 W / cm 2 The scanning speed of the deposition head 4 is 880 mm / min, the powder feeding rate is 6.1 g / min, the wire feeding speed is 5.7 m / min, and the single-layer lifting height of the deposition head 4 is set to 2.0 mm. For each additional layer, the lifting height increases by 0.12 mm to compensate for the integrity of the molten pool 11. The other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0076] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0077] Comparative Example 10:

[0078] Compared with Example 2, in S2, the forming substrate 9 is not pre-induction heated, and the other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0079] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0080] Comparative Example 11:

[0081] Compared with Example 2, in S2, the induction power supply 14 is turned on and the parameters are adjusted, and the forming substrate 9 is heated to 100° C. and maintained for 35 minutes by the induction heater 15. The other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0082] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0083] Comparative Example 12:

[0084] Compared with Example 3, in S3, the induction power supply 14 is adjusted and the temperature of the forming substrate 9 is adjusted to 450°C and maintained until the forming is completed. The other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0085] The results are as follows: It was found that the printing process was interrupted and the forming failed.

[0086] Comparative Example 13:

[0087] Compared with Example 2, in S3, after the forming is completed, the laser 3, the wire feeding controller 6, the powder feeder, the ultrasonic vibrator 12, the induction heater 15 and the inert gas are turned off in sequence, and the other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0088] The results are as follows: The surface quality of the formed structure 10 was found to be poor.

[0089] Comparative Example 14:

[0090] Compared with Example 2, in S3, Al2O3 ceramic micron powder with a particle size of 25 to 110 μm is directly selected for the additive manufacturing experiment, and the other conditions and parameters are the same.

[0091] The results are as follows: The surface quality of the formed structure 10 was found to be poor.

[0092] Table 1 is a comparison of the performance parameters of the magnesium-based composite materials samples prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-14.

[0093]

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] As can be seen from the table, the magnesium-based composite materials prepared in Examples 2 to 3 are all formed, and have good mechanical properties (yield strength and ultimate tensile strength) and density, and the multi-field coupling synergistic strengthening effect is obvious (as reflected in Examples 1-2).

[0097] Using the preparation method of the present invention, selecting the materials and processes of the present invention, and selecting a substrate size other than that of the present invention (the thickness of the forming substrate 9 of the present invention is between 10 mm and 20 mm (inclusive)), the thin-walled structural part 10 fails to form and the mechanical properties of the sample are poor (as shown in Comparative Examples 1-2);

[0098] Using the preparation method of the present invention, selecting the materials of the present invention, and selecting the centrifugal spray process parameter range outside the present invention (the spray process parameter range of the present invention is an air inlet temperature of 300-450°C, an air outlet temperature of 100-180°C, a water pump speed of 15-35 r / min, and maintaining the powder in the sintering furnace at 510°C-650°C for 35-60 min after granulation), the thin-walled structural member 10 failed to form (as reflected in Comparative Examples 3-4);

[0099] Using the preparation method of the present invention, selecting the materials and processes of the present invention, and selecting only continuous infrared laser without composite blue laser for additive manufacturing, the thin-walled structural part 10 failed to be formed, and the mechanical properties of the sample were poor (as shown in Comparative Example 5);

[0100] Using the preparation method of the present invention, selecting the materials and processes of the present invention, without using ultrasonic and induction heating to assist additive manufacturing, the thin-walled structural part 10 failed to form and the mechanical properties of the sample were poor (as shown in Comparative Examples 6-7);

[0101] The preparation method of the present invention is adopted, the materials of the present invention are selected, and the additive manufacturing forming process parameters outside the range of the present invention are selected (the additive manufacturing forming process parameters of the present invention are in the range of infrared laser spot diameter 1.5mm to 2.5mm, laser power density 10W / cm 2 ~10 3 W / cm 2 , blue laser spot diameter 5mm~10mm, laser power density 10 2 W / cm 2 ~5×10 4 W / cm 2 , the scanning speed of the deposition head 4 is 230mm / min~880mm / min, the powder feeding rate is 0.05g / min~5.7g / min, the wire feeding speed is 1.5m / min~5.5m / min, and the single-layer lifting height of the deposition head 4 is set to 0.2mm~1.8mm, and the lifting height is increased by 0.04mm~0.08mm for each additional layer to compensate for the integrity of the molten pool 11). The thin-walled structural part 10 fails to form and the mechanical properties of the sample are poor (as reflected in Comparative Examples 8-9);

[0102] Using the preparation method of the present invention and the materials of the present invention, the forming substrate 9 was not pre-induction heated during the pretreatment before additive manufacturing, or the selected conditions were not within the range of the present invention (the pre-induction heating range of the present invention is that the induction heater 15 heats the forming substrate 9 to 120°C to 250°C and maintains it for 10 minutes to 40 minutes). The thin-walled structural part 10 failed to form and the mechanical properties of the sample were poor (as shown in Comparative Examples 10-11);

[0103] Using the preparation method of the present invention and selecting the materials of the present invention, during the additive manufacturing process, the conditions for pre-induction heating of the forming substrate 9 were not within the range described in the embodiment (adjusting the induction power supply 14 and adjusting the parameters of the forming substrate 9 temperature to 250° C. to 350° C. as described in the present invention), the thin-walled structural part 10 failed to form and the mechanical properties of the sample were poor (as shown in Comparative Example 12);

[0104] When the preparation method of the present invention is used and the materials of the present invention are selected, after the additive manufacturing is completed, the induction heater 15 and the inert gas are not turned off after a delay or the selected conditions are not within the range described in the embodiment, the surface quality of the thin-walled structural part 10 is poor and the mechanical properties of the sample are poor (as shown in Comparative Example 13);

[0105] Using the preparation method of the present invention, ceramic micron powder with a particle size of 25 to 110 μm was directly selected for additive manufacturing experiments. The surface quality of the thin-walled structural part 10 was poor and the mechanical properties of the sample were poor (as reflected in Comparative Example 14).

[0106] The additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method for forming magnesium-based composite material components can simultaneously exert the effects of multi-field coupling-assisted additive manufacturing synergistic strengthening and nano-strengthening. The forming process is stable, safe and reliable, and the product quality is good and the performance is excellent.

[0107] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An additive manufacturing device for forming magnesium-based composite material components, arranged in a body of a 3D printer, characterized in that: It comprises a laser (3), a sealing cover (8), an ultrasonic vibrator (12), an induction heater (15), a forming substrate (9), an induction power supply (14), a heat insulator (13), a deposition head (4) and an oxygen controller (7); The forming substrate (9) is arranged inside the induction heater (15), the deposition head (4) is arranged above the forming substrate (9), the induction heater (15) is arranged on the output end of the ultrasonic vibrator (12), the heat insulator (13) is arranged between the induction heater (15) and the ultrasonic vibrator (12), the induction power supply (14) is electrically connected to the induction heater (15), the ultrasonic vibrator (12) is used to vibrate the forming substrate (9), the induction heater (15) is used to prevent heat from being transmitted to the ultrasonic vibrator (12), and the oxygen controller (7) is connected to the sealing cover (8) to control the oxygen content of the processing environment in the sealing cover (8); There are two lasers (3), both of which are arranged above the sealing cover (8), one of the two lasers (3) emits infrared laser light, and the other emits blue laser light, a deposition head (4) is arranged on the path of the laser beam (2) emitted by the laser (3), and a powder feeding head (1) is provided on the deposition head (4), and the powder feeding head (1) is used to transfer powder to the forming substrate (9); A wire feeding controller (6) for controlling the wire feeding speed and wire feeding amount of the alloy wire is provided on the sealing cover (8), a wire feeding head is provided at the output end of the wire feeding controller (6), and the wire feeding head is provided above the forming substrate (9), and a temperature controller (5) for controlling the temperature of the wire feeding head is provided on the wire feeding head. When forming a structural part (10) on the forming substrate (9), laser light emitted by the laser (3) is transmitted through the sealing cover (8) and irradiated onto the forming substrate (9), so that a molten pool (11) is formed on the forming substrate (9) or the structural part (10) formed on the forming substrate (9).

2. A method for additive manufacturing of a magnesium-based composite material component, characterized in that: The additive manufacturing device for forming a magnesium-based composite material component according to claim 1 is used for preparation, specifically comprising the following steps: S1. Pretreatment of materials and forming substrate (9): Ceramic nanopowder with a particle size of 1 to 5 nm is granulated into micron powder with a particle size of 25 to 110 μm by using a centrifugal spray process; magnesium alloy wire is selected as welding wire for additive manufacturing; 316L stainless steel is selected as the forming substrate (9) material; the surface of the forming substrate (9) is first sandblasted, and then the remaining residue on the surface is removed by laser cleaning, and the forming substrate (9) is immersed in alcohol and cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning; S2. Pretreatment before additive manufacturing: the granulated powder is transported to the surface of the forming substrate (9) through the powder feeding head (1); the magnesium alloy wire is placed in the wire feeding controller (6), and the positions of the powder feeding head (1), the laser (3) and the wire feeding head are adjusted so that the laser beam (2), the powder flow convergence point and the end of the magnesium alloy wire are located in the same straight line, the distance between the bottom of the powder feeding head (1) and the surface of the forming substrate (9) is 15 mm, and the end of the magnesium alloy wire is located between the powder feeding head (1) and the forming substrate (9) and 1.0 mm away from the forming substrate (9); S3, additive manufacturing process: turning on the inert gas charging device to make the purity of argon in the forming environment greater than 99.999%; turning on the oxygen controller (7), the wire feed controller (6), and the laser (3) in sequence, and preparing magnesium-based composite materials and structural parts (10) that meet the requirements on the forming substrate (9); S4, end of additive manufacturing: After the forming is completed, the laser (3), wire feed controller (6), powder feeder, and ultrasonic vibrator (12) are turned off in sequence, and the induction heater (15) and the inert gas charging device are turned off after waiting for at least 1 second.

3. The additive manufacturing method for forming a magnesium-based composite material component according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S1, the ceramic nanopowder is Al2O3 ceramic nanopowder, and the magnesium alloy wire is AZ91D magnesium alloy wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm.

4. The additive manufacturing method for forming a magnesium-based composite material component according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S1, the centrifugal spray process has the following process parameters: air inlet temperature 300-350°C, air outlet temperature 100-120°C, water pump speed 15-20 r / min, and the powder after granulation is maintained at 510°C in a sintering furnace for 35 minutes to remove organic matter and water such as polyvinyl alcohol used to bind the nanopowder.

5. The additive manufacturing method for forming a magnesium-based composite material component according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S1, the size of the forming substrate (9) is 20 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm; In S2, the angle between the wire feeding head and the forming substrate (9) is set to 30°, and the temperature controller 5 on the wire feeding head is adjusted to make the temperature of the wire feeding head 10°C; the induction power supply (14) is turned on and the parameters are adjusted, and the forming substrate (9) is heated to 120°C by the induction heater (15) for 40 minutes; the ultrasonic vibrator (12) is turned on and the vibration output frequency is set to 10KHz; in order to ensure the stability of the forming process and the excellent final performance of the structural part (10), the forming process parameters are adjusted to the infrared laser spot diameter of 1.5mm and the laser power density of 10W / cm 2 , blue laser spot diameter 5mm, laser power density 10 2 W / cm 2 , the scanning speed of the deposition head (4) is 230 mm / min, the powder feeding rate is 0.05 g / min, the wire feeding speed is 1.5 m / min, and the single-layer lifting height of the deposition head (4) is set to 0.2 mm, and the lifting height is increased by 0.04 mm for each additional layer to compensate for the integrity of the molten pool (11); In S3, the oxygen content of the forming environment is adjusted to 130-300 ppm by the oxygen controller (7); the powder feeding gas flow rate and the shielding gas flow rate in the powder feeding head (1) are adjusted to 5 L / min and 10 L / min, respectively, and the gas pressures are adjusted to 0.1 MPa and 0.2 MPa, respectively; the moving direction of the wire feeding head is adjusted to be consistent with the moving direction of the deposition head (4), and the gas flow rate and gas pressure in the wire feeding head are adjusted to 5 L / min and 0.1 MPa, respectively; the center of the infrared laser spot is adjusted to coincide with the center of the blue laser spot; the induction power supply (14) is adjusted and the parameter forming substrate (9) temperature is adjusted to 250°C, and maintained until the forming is completed; In S4, the induction heater (15) and the inert gas are turned off after a delay of 5 minutes.

6. The additive manufacturing method for forming a magnesium-based composite material component according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S1, the ceramic nanopowder is ZrO2 ceramic nanopowder, and the magnesium alloy wire is Mg-15Gd-1Al-0.4Zr magnesium alloy wire with a diameter of 3.5 mm.

7. The additive manufacturing method for forming a magnesium-based composite material component according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S1, the centrifugal spray process has the following process parameters: an air inlet temperature of 400-450°C, an air outlet temperature of 150-180°C, a water pump speed of 30-35 r / min, and the powder after granulation is maintained at 650°C in a sintering furnace for 60 minutes to remove organic matter such as polyvinyl alcohol and water used to bond the nanopowder.

8. The additive manufacturing method for forming a magnesium-based composite material component according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S1, the size of the forming substrate (9) is 10 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm; In S2, the angle between the wire feeder and the forming substrate (9) is set to 60°, and the temperature controller (5) on the wire feeder is adjusted to make the temperature of the wire feeder 40°C; the induction power supply (14) is turned on and the parameters are adjusted, and the forming substrate (9) is heated to 250°C by the induction heater (15) for 10 minutes; the ultrasonic vibrator (12) is turned on and the vibration output frequency is set to 25KHz; in order to ensure the stability of the forming process and the excellent final performance of the structural part (10), the forming process parameters are adjusted to the infrared laser spot diameter of 2.5mm, the laser power density of 10 3 W / cm 2 , blue laser spot diameter 10mm, laser power density 5×10 4 W / cm 2 , the scanning speed of the deposition head (4) is 880 mm / min, the powder feeding rate is 5.7 g / min, the wire feeding speed is 5.5 m / min, and the single-layer lifting height of the deposition head (4) is set to 1.8 mm, and the lifting height is increased by 0.08 mm for each additional layer to compensate for the integrity of the molten pool (11); In S3, the oxygen content of the forming environment is adjusted to be maintained at 130-200 ppm by the oxygen controller (7); the powder feeding gas flow rate and the shielding gas flow rate in the powder feeding head (1) are adjusted to be 10 L / min and 15 L / min, respectively, and the gas pressures are adjusted to be 0.15 MPa and 0.25 MPa, respectively; the moving direction of the wire feeding head is adjusted to be consistent with the moving direction of the deposition head (4), and the gas flow rate and gas pressure in the wire feeding head are adjusted to be 10 L / min and 0.15 MPa, respectively; the center of the infrared laser spot and the center of the blue laser spot are adjusted to deviate by 2.5 mm in the scanning direction of the deposition head (4); the induction power supply (14) is adjusted and the temperature of the parameter forming substrate (9) is adjusted to be 350° C. and maintained until the forming is completed; In S4, the induction heater (15) and the inert gas are turned off after a delay of 20 minutes.

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