Primary circuit arrangement, secondary circuit arrangement and system for inductive charging

Abstract

The invention relates to a secondary circuit arrangement (104 ') having a secondary coil (L2) for transmitting and / or receiving magnetic energy of a magnetic field (106) and for converting the magnetic energy into electrical energy; the rectifying device (204) is used for rectifying the electric energy; a secondary side detection device (401); wherein the secondary coil (L1) is connected to the rectifying device (204) via an energy conducting device; the energy guiding device (402 ') is configured to transmit electrically active energy and electrically non-active energy; the energy guiding device (402 ') is connected to an input (403) of the rectifying device (204); the rectifying device (204) has an output (404, 220) for providing an electrically active energy as a voltage and / or current; the secondary-side detection device (401) is connected to the input (403) and / or the output (404) of the rectifying device (401) in order to identify an overpressure at the input (403) and / or the output (404) of the rectifying device (401) and / or to identify an external magnetic field; the secondary-side detection device (401) is designed to influence the energy guiding device (402 ') and / or the magnetic field (106) in order to limit the transmission of the electrically active energy when an overpressure is detected at the input (403) and / or at the output (404) of the rectifying device (204).

Description

[0001] This disclosure is a divisional application of the invention patent application with application number 201980043148.4 filed on December 24, 2020, and invention name “Primary loop device, secondary loop device and system for inductive charging”. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of inductive charging technology. In particular, the present invention relates to a secondary circuit device, a primary circuit device, a system for inductive charging, a method for supplying energy using the secondary circuit device, a method for transferring energy using the primary circuit device, and a method for testing the secondary circuit device. Background Art

[0003] To electrically charge purely electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) that operate on a combination of propulsion fuel and electricity, systems for inductive energy transfer can be used when charging is to be performed contactlessly. These systems generate a magnetic alternating field in the frequency range of 25 to 150 kHz. It is important to note that outside this frequency range, internationally valid standards define limit values ​​for electromagnetic wave emissions. While magnetic fields are generally used for energy transfer, the fact that the magnetic field changes inherently involves electromagnetic waves. However, due to the slow changes in field strength, the electromagnetic waves used in inductive charging naturally have wavelengths of several kilometers.

[0004] To comply with emission limits, it is important to ensure that the alternating magnetic field used for energy transfer operates with a fundamental oscillation in the range of 25...150 kHz and contains only very few higher harmonics. Therefore, filters can be used that largely eliminate interfering higher harmonics. Furthermore, to comply with internationally valid standards and guidelines, it is necessary to ensure that energy transfer only occurs when a defined quality of coupling relative to one another is achieved by a defined orientation of the coupling elements relative to one another, for example, by a positioning system as described in EP 3 103 674 A1.

[0005] Document EP 2 868 516 A1 describes a method for regulating the energy transferred between two resonators of a system for contactless energy transfer.

[0006] As coupling elements for energy transfer, a GPM (ground mat module) with a primary coil is used on the workstation side, and a CPM (vehicle mat module) with a secondary coil is used on the vehicle side. The GPM and CPM form a transducer for coupling and energy transfer. The physical orientation of the coupling elements relative to each other is measured and adjusted using a positioning signal, such as a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network). Different transmission paths and technologies can be used for energy transfer and positioning signal transmission.

[0007] However, the energy transfer may be disturbed due to load losses at the secondary side.

[0008] The object of the present invention can be seen as enabling an efficient transfer of energy. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Accordingly, a secondary circuit device, a primary circuit device, a system for inductive charging, a method for supplying energy using a secondary circuit device, a method for transferring energy using a primary circuit device, and a method for testing a secondary circuit device are proposed.

[0010] The subject matter of the invention is characterized by the features of the independent claims. Embodiments and further aspects of the invention are characterized by the dependent claims and the subsequent description.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, a secondary circuit device or a secondary switching circuit component is proposed, which has: a secondary coil for transmitting and / or receiving magnetic energy of a magnetic field and for converting the magnetic energy into electrical energy; a rectifier for rectifying the electrical energy; and a secondary-side detection device. The secondary coil is connected to the rectifier via an energy guiding device, and the energy guiding device is configured to transfer electrical active energy and electrical inert energy. In particular, the energy guiding device is arranged between the secondary coil and the rectifier. In one example, the secondary coil can be at least partially assigned to the energy guiding device. The energy guiding device is connected to the input end of the rectifier device, and the rectifier device has an output end for providing electrical active energy as voltage and / or current. In addition, the secondary-side detection device is connected to the input and / or output of the rectifier device to identify an overvoltage of the voltage on the input and / or output of the rectifier device and / or to identify an external magnetic field, and the secondary-side detection device is configured to influence the energy guiding device and / or the magnetic field when an overvoltage on the input and / or output of the rectifier device is identified to limit the transfer of electrical active energy.

[0012] This transmission can be limited essentially by two measures. On the one hand, the source, for example, on the primary side, can be shut off. On the other hand, the transmission path, for example, the energy conducting device, can be influenced so that the transported energy is reduced, for example, by attenuation. Various other measures are possible and can be combined with one another in any number.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a primary circuit device is provided, comprising an energy generator for providing electrical energy as electrical active power and / or electrical inactivity, and a primary coil for converting the electrical energy into magnetic energy. The energy generator is connected to the primary coil, and the primary coil is configured to transmit and / or receive magnetic energy. The energy generator is further configured to extract instructions, signals, and / or inactivity from the received magnetic energy and to derive control commands from the received instructions, signals, and / or inactivity to vary the amount of energy provided or substantially completely interrupt the energy supply. Signals may, for example, be magnetic field fluctuations, magnetic field increases, current fluctuations, and / or voltage fluctuations. Commands may be transmitted via a radio path, such as via a WLAN system. Signals and / or commands may also be transmitted via a positioning signal, which also utilizes magnetic field fluctuations, but in a frequency range different from the magnetic field used for energy transfer. The positioning signal may be a physical signal emitted in a direction opposite to that used for energy transfer. In one example, the positioning signal may be emitted when the CPM is oriented relative to the GPM and energy transfer is not yet occurring. The commands, signals and / or energy can be generated and emitted by the secondary circuit device. However, it is also possible that the commands, signals and / or energy are emitted in the opposite direction and are no longer absorbed or reflected, in particular if the functionality of the secondary circuit device is to be tested.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a system for inductive charging is provided, comprising: a vehicle mat module device having a secondary circuit device; and a ground mat module device having a primary circuit device, wherein the vehicle mat module device and the ground mat module device are capable of coupling via a magnetic field. In the coupled state, the vehicle mat module device and the ground mat module device form a loosely coupled system, i.e., a system that can be separated at any time, for example, if the vehicle mat module device is moved relative to the ground mat module device or vice versa.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for supplying energy using a secondary circuit device is described, wherein the method comprises transmitting and / or receiving magnetic energy of a magnetic field using a secondary coil and converting the magnetic energy into electrical energy. Furthermore, the method comprises transmitting electrical active energy and electrical inert power to the input of a rectifier device using an energy guiding device, rectifying the electrical energy using the rectifier device, and providing electrical active power as a voltage and / or current at the output of the rectifier device. Furthermore, the method provides for: detecting an overvoltage at the input and / or output of the rectifier device and / or detecting an external magnetic field using a detection device; and, when an overvoltage is detected at the input and / or output of the rectifier device, influencing the energy guiding device and / or the magnetic field using a secondary-side detection device to limit the transmission of the electrical active energy.

[0016] An overvoltage may occur when the voltage at the output of the rectifier device and / or the voltage at the input of the rectifier device exceeds a predefinable limit value.

[0017] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a method for energy transfer using a primary circuit device is described, wherein the method includes providing electrical energy as electrical active power and / or electrical inactivity using an energy generation device and converting the electrical energy into magnetic energy using a primary coil. Furthermore, the method provides for: transmitting and / or receiving the magnetic energy using the primary coil; extracting commands, signals, and / or inactivity using the energy generation device; and deriving control commands from the received commands and / or inactivity using the energy generation device to vary the amount of energy provided.

[0018] In one example, the vehicle mat module, and in particular the terminal switching device, is configured to recognize a magnetic field originating from an external source, i.e., a magnetic field originating from a source other than the floor mat module assigned to the vehicle mat module, and activate the terminal switching device and / or the protective circuit based on this recognition. Thus, for example, a strong magnetic field due to a damaged floor mat module or maliciously applied magnetic field can be weakened, and damage to the vehicle mat module due to amplification of the harmful magnetic field can be prevented.

[0019] The device for influencing the primary circuit device, the energy guiding device, and / or the magnetic field to limit the transfer of electrical active energy can be implemented as a terminal switching device, a terminal circuit, a path circuit, a protection circuit, or a crowbar. For example, the crowbar can be implemented as a switch. The crowbar can be used to protect the intermediate circuit link, the DC link, and in particular the HVDC link from overvoltage if the driving energy source has a high input impedance, such as a current source or an oscillating circuit of a vehicle subassembly module.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for testing a secondary loop device is described, in which the secondary loop device is first coupled to the primary loop device. A test signal is then applied to the energy guiding device for transmission to the primary loop device to obtain a comparison value. The test signal in the primary loop device is detected, thereby influencing the energy guiding device and / or the magnetic field in the secondary loop device using a secondary-side detection device and / or a terminal circuit. After this influence, changes in the test signal in the primary loop device are re-detected. If a pre-settable change is identified, the correct functionality of the secondary loop device is assumed. By simulating a misalignment condition in the secondary loop device, it can be checked whether the protection circuit or the terminal circuit is functioning correctly.

[0021] In other words, a functional check of the communication channel between the secondary circuit device and the primary circuit device can be performed by influencing the energy guiding device and / or the magnetic field between the primary circuit device and the secondary circuit device using a terminal switching device and checking whether the influencing is successful using a test signal. For example, a locating signal can be used as the test signal, which is applied to the energy guiding device and / or the rectifier device so as to propagate toward the primary circuit device. If the test signal propagated from the secondary circuit device toward the primary circuit device is weakened by operating the terminal switching device or the protective switching device so that the test signal received in the primary circuit device is below a predefined limit value and / or is essentially completely undetectable, then the correct functionality of the terminal switching device and the resulting influence on the energy guiding device and / or the magnetic field can be assumed. In an alternative embodiment, it is possible to reverse the propagation direction of the test signal, i.e., generate a test signal in the primary circuit device and propagate it toward the secondary-side detection device, where the test signal and / or changes in the test signal can be detected or not, depending on the correct functionality.

[0022] The crowbar or terminal circuit can also be used for various additional functional tests based on its switching function.

[0023] In one example of a functional test utilizing a terminal switching device, the terminal switching device can be positioned at the output of the rectifier device and controlled by the primary circuit device via a communication channel between the primary and secondary devices. Thus, the terminal switching device can be used to short-circuit a load on the secondary circuit device side, measure the ratio of active power to apparent power on the primary circuit device side, and determine the phase shift between the current and voltage on the primary side, thereby calibrating the active power measurement on the primary side.

[0024] In yet another example, a terminal switching device can be used to cause a change in the current and / or voltage relationship and / or power on the secondary side. This change, due to the magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary circuit devices, is also evident in the change in the current and / or voltage relationship and / or power. The change in the current and / or voltage relationship and / or power propagates against the direction of energy diffusion and can be detected in the primary circuit device. The change in the current and / or voltage relationship and / or power can be interpreted as information that propagates against the direction of energy diffusion. This information can be evaluated on the primary side of the primary circuit device and used to shut down the energy supply. The response time of this information transmission at the physical level can be higher or faster than that of a transmission system that utilizes multiple communication layers, such as the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) layer or a WLAN (Wireless LAN) system. Thus, by evaluating this physical information, the primary circuit device can react to disturbances on the secondary side more quickly than it could if using expensive communication systems. Therefore, the use of this physical information can be used to quickly shut down the energy supply on the primary side. The functionality of the physical return path can be tested by deliberately manipulating the terminal circuit and evaluating the resulting state. This also allows testing of components contained in the return path, such as comparators or control devices. The correlation of signal spreads ultimately allows conclusions to be drawn about the proper functioning of the path in both directions.

[0025] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a program code is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements at least one of the methods described above. A control device or controller may use such a processor.

[0026] Computer-readable storage media can include floppy disks, hard disks, USB (Universal Serial Bus) storage devices, RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), as well as SSDs (Solid State Drives) or flash-based storage media, can also be used as storage media. Similarly, network servers or cloud storage can be used as storage media. Computer-readable storage media can also include communications networks, such as the Internet, which can allow for downloading program code. Wireless network technologies and / or network technologies with cable connections can be used.

[0027] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a program element is provided which, when executed by a processor, implements at least one of the methods.

[0028] According to a further aspect of the invention, the secondary detection device is provided for changing the quality and / or the impedance and / or the resonant frequency of the energy conducting device when an overpressure is detected at the output.

[0029] According to one aspect of the invention, the change in the resonant frequency of the energy guiding device can be performed by switching capacitors and / or capacitances and / or capacitive components in the energy guiding device on and / or off.

[0030] The change in the resonant frequency can cause a detuning of the energy conducting device and thus of the transmission path, so that the output is protected from excessive energy and / or power input even when energy is still being supplied from the primary circuit device. Thus, for example, overvoltages can be reduced or even substantially completely avoided during a load shedding of a load at the output.

[0031] According to one aspect of the present invention, the impedance and / or the quality of the energy guiding device can be changed by short-circuiting the rectifier device.

[0032] The rectifier can be short-circuited at the rectifier input, creating a transfer oscillating loop formed by a secondary coil with a capacitor and / or another coil, so that only a small portion of the energy arriving at the secondary coil is transferred via the energy-guiding device. The energy arriving via the secondary coil is reflected, for example, back to the primary circuit device by changing the impedance and / or the goodness and / or the resonant frequency. This reflection can then be detected in the primary circuit device, and the primary circuit device can stop the energy transfer to the primary circuit device to prevent an overvoltage from being achieved at the output of the primary circuit device.

[0033] According to another aspect of the present invention, the secondary-side detection device is configured to provide instructions and / or signals when an overvoltage is detected on the input and / or output of the rectifier device, so that the instructions and / or signals can be transmitted via the magnetic field in order to control the energy transfer device to change the magnetic energy of the magnetic field.

[0034] Such instructions and / or signals can be generated physically, for example, in the form of reflected energy with a changed quality, thereby enabling rapid shutdown of energy generation. However, such instructions and / or signals can also be distributed via another communication channel, such as a positioning signal channel and / or a WLAN communication channel. Because the magnetic field is essentially only present during energy transfer, the overpressure can be communicated to the primary circuit device via the magnetic field essentially only during energy transfer. Communication can also be performed earlier or later, before / after energy transfer, using another separate channel.

[0035] According to another aspect of the invention, the secondary-side detection device is configured to adapt the energy conducting device upon detection of an overvoltage at the input and / or output of the rectifier device so that electrical reactive power is at least partially reflected and transferred via the magnetic field.

[0036] The reflected reactive power can be evaluated by the primary loop device to stop generating energy.

[0037] According to a further aspect of the invention, the secondary detection device is provided for interrupting the energy conducting device and / or the secondary coil upon detection of an overvoltage at the input and / or output of the rectifier device.

[0038] In particular, the secondary-side detection device can be configured to control the terminal switching so that the terminal switching interrupts the energy guiding device and / or the secondary coil. Interruption of the secondary coil can be understood not only as opening the physical connection between the secondary coil and the energy guiding device but also as breaking the oscillating circuit formed by the secondary coil and the capacitor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 An inductive charging system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0041] Figure 2 A block diagram of an inductive charging system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0042] Figure 3 An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 Simplified view of an inductive charging system.

[0043] Figure 4 A wiring diagram of a secondary circuit device having a terminal switching device for short-circuiting an energy guiding device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0044] Figure 5 A connection diagram of a secondary circuit device having a terminal switching device for detuning an energy guiding device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0045] Figure 6 A wiring diagram of a secondary circuit device having a terminal switching device for disconnecting an oscillating circuit of an energy guiding device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0046] Figure 7 A flow chart of a method for testing a secondary loop device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The illustrations in the accompanying drawings are schematic and not to scale. Figures 1 to 7 In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for the same or corresponding elements.

[0048] In this document, the terms “capacitor” and “capacitance” as well as “coil” or “choke” and “inductor” may be used synonymously and should not be interpreted restrictively unless otherwise indicated.

[0049] Figure 1 An inductive charging system 100 or system for energy transfer 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this case, a side view of the system for contactless charging of an electric vehicle is shown. Underneath vehicle chassis 102 is a vehicle mat module (CPM) 104, which is used to supply vehicle 102 with electric current. Energy transfer utilizes a magnetic field, which inductively supplies energy to a ground mat module (GPM) 105 mounted securely on ground 103. The energy required for charging is drawn from a mains connection 107, which can be either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). A separate connection device 101 is used for communication between CPM 104 and GPM 105, which can utilize a wireless protocol such as WLAN (wireless LAN) or NFC. This connection device can be used as a feedback channel 101 or as a communication channel 101, through which CPM 104 and GPM 105 can exchange information. Both the magnetic field 106 used for energy transfer and the wireless signal 101 are electromagnetic waves, but they have different frequencies.

[0050] Figure 2 shows a block diagram of an inductive charging system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The system is for inductive energy transfer, which can be used for contactless charging of electric vehicles. In this system, a magnetic alternating field 106 is generated in a frequency range of, for example, 25 to 150 kHz. It should be noted that outside this frequency range, internationally valid standards define limit values ​​for electromagnetic emission. To comply with these limit values, it is crucial that magnetic alternating field 106 operates with a fundamental oscillation in the 25 to 150 kHz range and contains only very few higher harmonics.

[0051] On the other hand, the efficiency of the power transmission should be as high as possible, and therefore electronic switches within the converter 201, for example MOSFETs or IGBTs, are used to generate a square wave signal having the fundamental frequency of the magnetic alternating field 106, since this results in very low losses. However, the square wave signal contains considerable higher harmonics. These higher harmonics can be very effectively filtered out by a filter 200, for example an LC filter. The filter 200 can be implemented in various ways. For example, Figure 2 A 4th order filter is shown in FIG, but other arrangements of capacitors and coils are also possible. An input current l is applied to the input terminal 206 of the filter 200. in and input voltage Ue in Filter 200 has two parallel-connected input coils La1 and La2 and a filter input capacitor Ca, as well as parallel-connected output coils Lb1 and Lb2 and a filter output capacitor Cb. Instead of two parallel-connected input coils La1 and La2, a single input coil La can be used. Instead of two parallel-connected input coils Lb1 and Lb2, a single input coil Lb can also be used.

[0052] Input coils La1 and La2 are directly connected to the output of inverter 201. In this case, "directly" means that no other components are connected in between. A parallel capacitor should not convert a direct connection into an indirect connection. Output coils Lb1 and Lb2 at output 220 of filter 200 are directly connected to coils La1 and La2 and primary resonant circuit 202. Primary resonant circuit 202 is supplied with voltage U1 and current I1 or IL, which are derived from the alternating current generated by converter 201. Due to the filtering effect of filter 200, primary current I1 and primary voltage U1 have a sinusoidal shape.

[0053] The primary resonant circuit 202 includes a primary resonant coil L1 or a primary coil L1 and a primary resonant capacitor C1 221. The primary resonant circuit 202 converts a current I1 and a voltage U1 into a magnetic alternating field 106. The magnetic alternating field 106 is coupled to the secondary resonant circuit 203 with a coupling coefficient k and transfers energy from the primary coil to the secondary circuit 203 through resonant and inductive energy transfer.

[0054] The secondary resonant circuit 203 has a secondary resonant coil L2 or secondary coil L2 and a secondary resonant capacitor C2 222. Since the secondary resonant circuit 203 is set to the resonant frequency of the primary resonant circuit 202, the secondary resonant circuit 203 converts the magnetic field 106 into a secondary current I2 and a secondary voltage U2. These are supplied to a rectifying device 204 or rectifier 204, which can provide a DC voltage at its output 220 to a load 205, such as a battery 205, an intermediate circuit 205, a traction circuit 205, or an HV-DC 205 on the CPM 104 side.

[0055] Inductive charging system 100 is supplied via a DC voltage source 107 or HV-DC (High Voltage Direct Current), or via an AC voltage 107 .

[0056] An energy transfer system 100, such as an ICS system 100, includes a base station 105 or GPM 105 and a remote device 104 or CPM 104, wherein the base station 105 and the remote device 104 can be loosely coupled to each other via an inductive coupling and a feedback channel 101. A loose coupling can be assumed if the CPM 104 is positioned appropriately relative to the GPM 105.

[0057] The base station 105 or GPM 105 has a primary circuit 202, and the remote device 104 or GPM 104 has a secondary circuit 203. The primary circuit 202 has a coil L1, and the secondary circuit 203 has a coil L2. If coils L1 and L2 are close to each other, the magnetic field 106 generated by each coil can pass through the other coil L1, L2. The portion of the magnetic field that passes through the other coil L1, L2 forms an inductive coupling with a coupling coefficient k, or coupling coefficient k. This coupling forms a loosely coupled transformer 211. The portion of the magnetic field 106 that lies outside the other coil L1, L2 forms a stray capacitance. The smaller the portion of the stray capacitance formed, the greater the coupling coefficient k. However, since the mobility of GPM105 and CPM104 relative to each other does not allow the formation of a converter with a core in which the coupling coefficient k is essentially constant, in the case of a loosely coupled converter the coupling coefficient is variable and, for example, depends on the relative position of GPM105 and CPM104 relative to each other.

[0058] Figure 3A simplified diagram of an inductive charging system 100 or system 100 for energy transfer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. Controlling ICS system 100 can contribute to ensuring functional safety in ICS systems. Due to the strong magnetic field 106 used for power transfer, regulations can be established to protect the environment from excessively strong magnetic radiation. For example, these regulations can provide that field 106 generated by GPM 105 is disconnected when CPM 104 is not present, or that field 106 is disconnected after 2 seconds at the latest if CPM 104 is undesirably coupled to GPM 105. This ensures that, within a 2-second time window, it can be determined that GPM 105 and CPM 104 are properly coupled via field 106. Otherwise, field 106 is disconnected.

[0059] WLAN 101, used for communication between GPM 105 and CPM 104, can have a cycle time of up to 300 ms. Feedback via channel 101 ensures that the CPM and GPM remain coupled. If the vehicle is about to depart and the CPM is not supposed to receive power from the GPM, this is detected and power to the GPM is suppressed. Even if the signal via return channel 101 is missing for 2 seconds, energy transfer is still terminated for safety reasons, as it is not ruled out that the signal could disappear due to coupling loss or damage to components of return channel 101.

[0060] Inductive charging is started by inverter 201 or PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) generator 201 with a constant duty cycle and a variable frequency, where the variable frequency involves frequency shifting. The initial starting frequency of PWM generator 201 is set to the maximum possible frequency in order to achieve the greatest possible decoupling between the input variable, i.e., the duty cycle, and the output variable of primary section 202 of GPM 105.

[0061] If a suitable operating point is found, resonance is established between primary part 202 and secondary part 203 and energy can be transferred between primary part 202 and secondary part 203 via field 106. Depending on the operating point, this operating frequency or resonance frequency occurs between 81.35 kHz and 89.5 kHz.

[0062] If a predefined minimum power is not detected after crossing one of these frequency bands at a constant duty cycle, charging is not possible. Therefore, if GPM 105 delivers power but the power received by CPM 104 is not above a minimum threshold, the initial inductive charging process is terminated. Thus, charging is interrupted or blocked with minimal coupling between GPM 105 and CPM 104. This minimal coupling can be achieved with a large displacement between GPM 105 and CPM 104. Due to a pre-set characteristic curve, the time interval for the initialization process does not exceed a predefined value, such as 2.0 seconds. This immediate termination of the charging process during the initialization phase if a predefined minimum power is not reached provides safety during ICS startup, without requiring communication between GPM 105 and CPM 104.

[0063] The larger the distance between GPM 105 and CPM 104, the lower the frequency of the power or energy that can be transferred. In other words, the larger the distance between GPM 105 and CPM 104, the lower the resonant frequency. In other words, the resonant frequency is related to the distance between GPM 105 and CPM 104.

[0064] However, if a charging process is carried out and the coupling between GPM 105 and CPM 104 is continuously confirmed via control loop 210 using feedback channel 101, an overvoltage condition may occur at output 220. This is because magnetically coupled systems, particularly loosely coupled magnetic systems 100, behave similarly to current sources. Inductive charging systems 100 are loosely coupled systems due to the mobility of the GPM relative to the CPM. This means that, like a current source, energy transfer system 100 or inductive charging system 100 also has a high internal impedance at output 220. Therefore, when load 205 decreases, system 100 attempts to force current into output 220. In the event of a load drop (load dump), for example, when a fuse in the vehicle is tripped, a plug is pulled, a line is interrupted, or a battery protection relay is opened, the oscillating circuit excited by the floor mat module 105 and its continued further excitation causes the system to act at the output 220 like a current source with a high internal resistance on the DC intermediate circuit of the vehicle, which is connected to the output 220 and Figure 3, shown by load 205. A portion of the energy stored in the resonant circuit is thereby unloaded to the high-impedance output 220. This can, due to the low capacitance of output 220, result in a very high voltage at output 220. This voltage can be significantly higher than the operating voltage and design voltage of the corresponding switching circuit in the vehicle connected to output 220, such as a device such as a DC / DC converter or a motor inverter, which is connected to the DC circuit at output 220 and is shown by resistor 205. This further driving causes an excessive voltage at output 220 of transmission system 100. Due to this excessive voltage caused by the load drop, components at the output of transmission system 100, such as rectifiers or filters, can be damaged as a result of the overvoltage.

[0065] To prevent damage during normal operation due to the output voltage at output 220 exceeding a predeterminable limit value, the secondary circuit arrangement according to the present invention includes a protective device 301. This protective device detects a load drop at output 220 of energy transfer system 100 and very quickly reduces the active power delivered to output 220 and / or stops the energy delivery. For rapid response, protective device 301 can use both hardware and software components. However, for rapid response, the use of software components is omitted to the greatest extent possible.

[0066] In order to reduce the active power delivered to the output 220 and / or to stop the energy delivery, different active mechanisms may be used individually or in combination.

[0067] One possibility for stopping the energy transfer is to use the feedback circuit 101 after detecting a drop in the load at the output 220 of the energy transfer system 100, in ordering the energy transfer to be switched off by means of a command or instruction to the input of the energy transfer system via the channel 101, for example, the WLAN channel 101. However, because the channel 101 may use a communication protocol at a higher layer of the OSI protocol, this instruction may be slow to reach the primary loop device 105'.

[0068] Figure 4 1 shows a wiring diagram of a secondary circuit device 104 ′ having a terminal switching device 301 ′ for short-circuiting an energy guiding device 402 ′ according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 The secondary loop device 104' is shown, which has: a secondary coil L2 for transmitting and / or receiving magnetic energy of the magnetic field 106 and for converting the magnetic energy into electrical energy; a rectifying device 204 for rectifying the electrical energy; and a secondary-side detection device 401. The primary loop device 105' is Figure 4 Not shown in the figure.

[0069] The secondary coil L2 is connected to the rectifier 204 via an energy-conducting device 402'. The energy-conducting device 402' is configured to transfer electrical active energy and electrical inertia and is connected to the input 403 of the rectifier 204. The energy-conducting device 402' is part of the secondary resonant circuit 203, which essentially comprises the coil L1 and capacitor 222'. The secondary resonant capacitor 222' consists of two capacitors C2.1 and C2.2, each connected to the other terminal of the coil L2. The other ends of the two capacitors C2.1 and C2.2 are each connected to the other terminal of the input 403 of the rectifier 204. Alternatively, a single resonant capacitor C2 can be used instead of being divided into two components C2.1 and C2.2. However, dividing it into two components simplifies insulation coordination. This applies to all figures, descriptions, and embodiments.

[0070] A terminal circuit 301' is arranged at the terminals of capacitors C2.1 and C2.2 facing away from coil L1. This terminal circuit connects the terminals of capacitors C2.1 and C2.2 facing away from coil L1 to each other. Because terminal circuit 301' is located within energy guiding device 402', it can influence energy guiding device 402' when actuated. Terminal circuit 301' is arranged between capacitors C2.1 and C2.2 and input 403 of rectifier device 204.

[0071] By manipulating terminal circuit 301', input 403 of rectifier device 204 can be short-circuited, thereby changing the impedance and / or Q of secondary resonant circuit 203, and in particular the output impedance and / or Q of energy guiding device 402'. While the Q can be influenced by various elements, it is primarily influenced by the impedance change caused by switching terminal circuit 301'.

[0072] The rectifier 204 has an output terminal 404 for providing electrical energy as voltage and / or current. Figure 4 The output terminal 220 of the system 100 for energy transfer corresponds to the output terminal 404. A filter element can also be installed between the output terminal 404 and the output terminal 220. Figure 4Not shown. As long as a battery 205, such as a traction battery 205, is connected to output 220, the output voltage at output 404 of rectifier device 204 is defined by the voltage of battery 205 and by its parasitic elements, such as line resistance and internal resistance. Thus, as long as battery 205 is connected, the variable power of system 100 primarily generates a variable output current at output 220 corresponding to the power change, due to the essentially constant output voltage 220 of battery 205. This output current can be used to charge battery 205. The voltage provided at output 220 can be an intermediate circuit voltage (HVDC) (high voltage DC), which, after rectification by rectifier device 204 or rectifier 204, becomes a direct current voltage.

[0073] The secondary-side detection device 401 is connected to the input 403 and / or the output 404 of the rectifier 204 in order to detect an overvoltage at the input 403 and / or the output 404 of the rectifier 204 (at Figure 4 , i.e., a secondary-side detection device 401 is connected to the output 404 of the rectifier 204 by means of a probe 405. The output voltage is detected using a voltage probe 405 or a voltage sensor 405, from which an overvoltage is determined. The secondary-side detection device 401 is responsible for determining the overvoltage.

[0074] Secondary-side detection device 401 is configured such that, upon detecting an overvoltage and / or overcurrent at one of the outputs 404 or 220 of the rectifier device and / or upon detecting an external, harmful magnetic field, it influences energy guiding device 402' by short-circuiting, thereby limiting the transfer of electrical active energy. In particular, short-circuiting energy guiding device 402' changes the impedance and / or the performance Q of resonant circuit 203 between resonant capacitors C2.1 and C2.2 222' and input 403 of rectifier device 204. This short-circuit, through the change in impedance and / or performance Q, also influences magnetic field 106, which passes through secondary coil L2.

[0075] For short-circuiting, a protection device S1, 301' or a crowbar 301' is used, which is activated by the secondary-side detection device 401. By short-circuiting the input 403 of the rectifier device 204, the transfer tank circuit 203 or secondary resonant circuit 203 with the secondary coil L2 and the secondary resonant capacitors C2.1 and C2.222' is also short-circuited, wherein the secondary resonant capacitor 222' is designed as a parallel circuit of two capacitors. The short-circuit connects the terminals of the capacitors C2.1 and C2.2 remote from the coils.

[0076] The detection of a load drop at the output 220 of the energy transfer system and the short circuit of the transfer oscillating circuit 203 result in only a small portion of the energy being transferred again due to changes in impedance and / or Q. Furthermore, the energy present in the system at the moment of the short circuit is reflected back to the input of the primary circuit device 105'. The primary oscillating circuit 202 can be further energized by eliminating the active power drawn from the magnetic field by the vehicle mat module 104. Furthermore, the energy stored in the oscillating circuit 203 of the vehicle mat module can be reflected back into the ground mat oscillating circuit 202 or the primary resonant circuit 203. The oscillating effect and the reflection of the energy generated by the inverter 201 act together until the energy is released to the oscillating circuit via the inverter 201. This reflection is detected in the primary circuit device 105', and the energy transfer is interrupted by disconnecting the primary-side power source 201 of the transfer system 100. After the inverter 201, and therefore the source of danger, is disconnected, the loosely coupled oscillating circuits of the vehicle mat module 104 and the ground mat module 105 decay, potentially reducing any remaining energy. By changing the impedance and / or the quality by means of a short circuit of the terminal switching device 301 ′, it is achieved that not only the energy transfer on the secondary side in the energy guiding device is weakened, but also that the primary circuit device 105 ′ is informed of an error situation on the secondary side and that the primary circuit device 105 ′ adjusts the energy supply.

[0077] In other words, in order to communicate between secondary circuit device 104' and primary circuit device 105' in the form of reflected energy onto a physical surface, an additional communication channel is opened. This communication channel can be used in parallel with feedback channel 101 to communicate and exchange information with primary circuit device 105'. Because this communication or information exchange takes place directly on a physical surface, this additional channel is faster than radio link 101, allowing for a quick response to load shedding error conditions.

[0078] Figure 5 The figure shows a connection diagram of a secondary circuit device 104″ having a terminal switching device 301″ for detuning an energy guiding device 402″ according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detuning the energy guiding device 402″, in particular the detuning of the secondary resonant circuit 203, causes a change in the resonant frequency of the secondary resonant circuit 203.

[0079] This embodiment of the protection device 301 ″ or terminal switching device 301 ″ can be designed to prevent the oscillating circuit from being unable to oscillate above a predeterminable safety threshold due to reduced goodness or detuning and / or impedance changes when energy is unintentionally introduced through the vehicle mat module 104. Energy can be unintentionally introduced if the CPM 104 is in contact with a faulty GPM 105, which generates a charging field even though it is not required to do so.

[0080] Furthermore, this can also prevent unwanted charging of the vehicle battery. It is conceivable that magnetic fields could penetrate the vehicle chassis and thus the vehicle cushion module from the outside, either unintentionally or maliciously or due to defects in the shielding. To prevent this, it is conceivable to keep the protection device 301 ″ or the terminal switching device 301 ″ permanently activated as long as the vehicle is not to be charged.

[0081] The structure of the secondary loop device 104 ″ substantially corresponds to that from Figure 4 The structure of the secondary circuit device 104'. In this embodiment, the secondary-side detection device 401 is configured so that when an overvoltage and / or short circuit is detected at the input 403 and / or output 404 of the rectifier device 204, the energy guiding device 402 is affected in such a way that the transmission of electrical action energy via the energy guiding device 402'' is limited. To this end, the terminal switching device 301'' or the crowbar 301'' is configured so that the transmission path 402'' between the primary coil L2 and the rectifier device 204 is detuned to limit and / or weaken the transmitted energy.

[0082] With from Figure 4 Compared to the embodiment in which the impedance and / or the quality Q of the energy guiding device 402' is changed, Figure 5 When the terminal switching device 301 ″ is arranged between the capacitors C1.10 and C1.11 or C2.20 and C2.21, the resonant frequency of the secondary resonant circuit 203 or the energy guiding device 402 ″ is shifted by switching to a frequency that is significantly lower than the resonant frequency of the primary resonant circuit 202. By shifting to a frequency that is significantly lower than the resonant frequency, in particular due to the associated detuning of the energy guiding device 402 ″, the terminal switching device 301 ″ reduces the risk of oscillation, and oscillation is no longer easily achievable. Thus, by Figure 5 The arrangement shown in FIG. 1 shows that the vehicle cushion module 104 ″ is more robust against external magnetic fields, in particular against unintentionally applied magnetic fields. Figure 5 The circuit, in particular the terminal switching device 301 ″ and the capacitors C2.10, C2.11, C2.20, C2.21, can be designed so that destruction can only occur if the strength of the magnetic field distributed on L2 is exceeded, wherein the limit value is set so high that it is not exceeded or is essentially always below it during normal operation.

[0083] The transfer path between the secondary coil L2 and the rectifier 204 is essentially determined by the energy guiding device 402 ″. The terminal switching device 301 ″ is arranged between the series circuit 222 ″ of the secondary resonant capacitors C2.10, C2.11 and C2.20, C2.21. The series circuit of the secondary resonant capacitors C2.10, C2.11 connects a first terminal of the secondary coil L2 to a first terminal of the input 403 of the rectifier 204. The series circuit of the secondary resonant capacitors C2.20, C2.21 connects a second terminal of the secondary coil L2 to a second terminal of the input 403 of the rectifier 204. The terminals of the first capacitors C2.10 and C2.20, facing away from the coil, are connected to the terminals of the second capacitors C2.11 and C2.21, facing closer to the coil. The terminal switching device 301 ″ is also connected to these terminals. Terminal switching device 301 ″ is isolated from primary coil L2 by means of first capacitors C2.10 and C2.20 and from the input connection of rectifier device 204 by means of second capacitors C2.11 and C2.21. Alternatively, capacitors C2.20 and C2.21 can also be omitted. However, capacitors C2.20 and C2.21 may be useful for good insulation coordination.

[0084] The detection of a load drop at output 220 of energy transfer system 100 results in a detuning of transfer path 402″ by terminal switching device 301″, in particular a shift of the resonant frequency of the energy conducting device to a different frequency that is lower and / or higher than the resonant frequency of primary resonant circuit 202, so that only a small portion of the energy can be transferred. The remaining energy transferred by the primary circuit device and / or the energy transferred via another external magnetic field can be dissipated or reduced by suitable measures, thereby preventing an overvoltage at output 220 of energy transfer system 100. This dissipation is achieved, in particular, by reducing the amplification of the operating frequency due to the detuning and thereby significantly reducing the start-up of the resonant circuit. To achieve a similarly high voltage L2, the magnetic field 106 generated on the primary side must be increased several times after the frequency shift of secondary resonant circuit 203, while the resonant frequency of primary resonant circuit 202 remains unchanged. However, this increase is only possible up to a point that is considered unattainable in actual operation. By feeding back via the feedback channel 101 , the primary circuit arrangement 105 ′ can then be disconnected so that no further energy is transferred to the secondary circuit arrangement.

[0085] according to Figure 5The detuning of CPM 104 results in a substantially unrestricted voltage overshoot being impossible with the 85 kHz magnetic field generated by primary resonant circuit 202. In other words, the detuning can shift the substantially exponential voltage overshoot at the resonant frequency of primary resonant circuit 203 from the critical range of external interfering magnetic fields or the operating frequency of energy transfer system 100 into a frequency range in which no magnetic field capable of oscillating to a voltage overshoot is present, wherein the voltage overshoot would lead to a substantially unrestricted and uncontrollable increase in the output voltage due to the voltage overshoot.

[0086] according to Figure 4 A reduction in the goodness Q and / or impedance of the energy guiding device 402 also shifts the resonant frequency of the secondary resonant tank 203 relative to the resonant frequency of the primary resonant tank 202, but over a wider frequency range than when detuned. Therefore, the effect of this resonant frequency shift is not as strong, and this shift must continue to achieve the same effect.

[0087] Figure 6 The wiring diagram of the secondary circuit device 104''' with a terminal switching device 301''' for disconnecting the oscillation circuit 203 of the energy guiding device 402'' according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. The structure of the secondary circuit device 104''' substantially corresponds to the Figure 4 The structure of the secondary loop device 104' and the Figure 5The structure of the secondary circuit arrangement 104'' is shown. The resonant capacitor 222'' has two capacitors C2.1 and C2.2 and, together with the two coils L2.1 and L2.2, forms the resonant circuit 203 of the energy guiding device 402''. A terminal switching device 301'' is arranged between the two coils L2.1 and L2.2 and is configured to open the resonant circuit 203. This opening can occur anywhere in the resonant circuit, for example, between L2.1 and C2.1 or between C2.1 and the rectifier 403. The terminal switching device 301'' is controlled by a secondary detection device 401, which monitors the output 220 of the energy transfer system 100 or the output of the rectifier device 204 and triggers the terminal switching device 301'' in the event of an excessive voltage. Upon detecting a load drop at the output 220 of the energy transfer system 100, the resonant circuit 203 is opened, thereby interrupting the energy transfer via the energy guiding device 402''. Instead of disconnecting the secondary resonant circuit 203, any other resonant circuit can be disconnected. Thus, the primary resonant circuit 202 can also be disconnected if communication occurs between the secondary circuit device 104''' and the primary circuit device 105'. If the resonant circuit is opened, excess voltages in the resonant circuit 203 can no longer build up. The voltages induced in the open resonant circuit by the primary-side magnetic field are within reasonable magnitudes and can be handled with appropriate insulation coordination.

[0088] Figure 7 A flow chart of a method for testing a secondary loop device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. The method starts from the idle state S701. The method is triggered in step S702 if the GPM 105 is coupled to the CPM 104, thereby coupling the primary loop device 104' to the primary loop device 105'. In phase S702, a test signal is then applied to the energy guiding device 402' in order to transmit the test signal to the primary loop device 105' even before the energy transfer is started. The test signal can be a positioning signal with a frequency of 125 kHz. In state S703, the test signal in the primary loop device 105' is then detected to obtain a comparison value.

[0089] In state S704, secondary-side detection device 401 is used to influence energy guiding device 402' and / or magnetic field 106 in order to simulate a load drop error situation, that is, in the absence of voltage sensor 405 and / or in the case where secondary-side detection device 401 has already detected an overvoltage. Following this influence, a change in the test signal in the primary circuit arrangement is detected, wherein the test signal is still applied to energy guiding device 402' substantially unchanged. If a change in the detected test signal is detected, the circuit is assumed to be functional and the charging process is initiated. If no change is detected, a fault is displayed and the charging process is interrupted.

[0090] In state S705 , the method is terminated by returning to the idle state.

[0091] Thus, the secondary loop device 104' can be checked by means of an applied test signal before energy transfer. In one example, a positioning signal can be used as a test signal, which is coupled into the input or output of the energy transfer system 100. In particular, the test signal can be coupled into the input 403 or output 404 of the rectifier device 204 and propagated in the direction of the input of the primary loop device 105' in the case of the main connection 107. Thus, the propagation direction of the test signal corresponds to the direction opposite to the energy transfer and, for example, a receiving device for the positioning signal or another primary-side detection device present in the primary loop device 105' can be used as a detector.

[0092] Alternatively, the test signal can also be coupled into the input of the primary circuit device 105' in the case of the main terminal 107 and can be detected at the output 220 of the energy transfer system 100 or at the output 404 and / or input 403 of the rectifier device 402. In this alternative case, the propagation direction of the energy transfer coincides with the propagation direction of the test signal, and the secondary-side detection device 401 can be used to detect the test signal. In this case, the energy transfer 106 itself can be used directly as a test signal and, for example, the test can be performed immediately after the charging is started if the charging power that can be set via the inverter 201 is significantly reduced. By triggering the terminal switching device 301, the charging process is briefly interrupted when the protection function is properly activated, after which continuous charging can be achieved again with the tested circuit elements and the normal charging power.

[0093] The test signal is received and identified on the side of the corresponding receiver, that is to say the primary side detection device or the secondary side detection device 401. After the test signal is identified, the terminal switching device 301 'or the crowbar 301 'are either triggered by a hardware event or a software event to simulate an error situation. When the protection device functions correctly, the test signal, especially the positioning signal is weakened and the primary side detection device or the secondary side detection device 401 is basically no longer able to detect the signal. Via the detection path along the test signal propagation direction, for example, the response voltage of the detector 401 for the load drop or the response voltage of the detector 401 for the overvoltage on the system output can be regularly checked in the installed system, and the readjustment and / or recalibration of the corresponding primary side and / or secondary side load drop detector 401 can be performed. The corresponding load drop detector, especially the secondary side detection device 401 can use the boundary value and / or threshold value for the output voltage on the output 220 to test correct functionality.

[0094] Since the protective structure prevents damage to internal or external components, regular functional checks can also be performed on the terminal switching device 301, for example before the start of each energy transfer and / or during the energy transfer.

[0095] It should be noted that "comprising" and "having" do not exclude additional elements or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be noted that features or steps described with reference to one of the above embodiments can also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference numerals in the claims are not to be construed as limiting.

Claims

1. A secondary loop device (104'), comprising: • a secondary coil (L2) for transmitting and / or receiving magnetic energy of the magnetic field (106) and for converting said magnetic energy into electrical energy; • a rectifying device (204) for rectifying the electrical energy; • secondary side detection device (401); in • the secondary coil (L1) is connected to the rectifier device (204) via an energy guide device; • the energy guiding device (402') is configured to transfer electrical active energy and electrical inactive energy; • the energy guiding device (402') is connected to the input end (403) of the rectifying device (204); • the rectifying device (204) has an output end (404, 220), the output end (404, 220) is used to provide electrical energy as voltage and / or current; • the secondary-side detection device (401) is connected to the input (403) and / or output (404) of the rectifier device (401) in order to detect an overvoltage at the input (403) and / or output (404) of the rectifier device (401) and / or to detect an external magnetic field; and • The secondary-side detection device (401) is configured to influence the energy guiding device (402') and / or the magnetic field (106) in order to limit the transfer of the electrical active energy when an overvoltage is detected at the input end (403) and / or the output end (404) of the rectifier device (204).

2. The secondary loop device (104') according to claim 1, wherein: The secondary detection device (401) is configured to change the quality and / or the impedance and / or the resonant frequency of the energy guiding device (402') when an overpressure is detected at the output.

3. The secondary loop device (104') according to claim 2, wherein: The resonant frequency of the energy guiding device is changed by switching capacitors and / or capacitive components in the energy guiding device on and / or off.

4. The secondary loop device (104') according to claim 2, wherein: The impedance of the energy guiding device is changed by short-circuiting the rectifier device.

5. The secondary loop device (104') according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The secondary-side detection device is provided for providing a command upon detection of an overpressure at the input and / or the output, such that the command can be transmitted via the magnetic field in order to control an energy transfer device to change the magnetic energy of the magnetic field.

6. The secondary loop device (104') according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The secondary-side detection device is provided to adapt the energy conducting device upon detection of an overvoltage at the input and / or the output in such a way that electrical reactive power is at least partially reflected and transferred via a magnetic field.

7. The secondary loop device (104') according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The secondary detection device is provided to interrupt the energy guiding device and / or the secondary coil upon detection of an overvoltage at the input and / or the output.

8. A primary circuit device (105'), comprising: An energy generating device for providing electrical energy as electrical active power and / or electrical inertia; and a primary coil for converting the electrical energy into magnetic energy; in, • the energy generating device is connected to the primary coil; • said primary coil being arranged to transmit and / or receive said magnetic energy; • the energy generating device is configured to extract commands and / or functions from the received magnetic energy; and The energy generating device is further configured to derive a control command from the received instruction and / or the received non-function in order to vary the amount of energy provided.

9. A system (100) for energy transfer, comprising: A vehicle cushion module device (104) having a secondary loop device (104') according to any one of claims 1 to 6; and A floor mat module device (105), the floor mat module device (105) having a primary circuit device (105') according to claim 7, in, The vehicle mat module assembly (104) and the floor mat module assembly (105) are capable of coupling via a magnetic field (106).

10. A method for energy supply using a secondary loop device, the method comprising: • using the secondary coil (L2) to transmit and / or receive magnetic energy of the magnetic field and convert said magnetic energy into electrical energy; • using the energy guiding device (402') to transfer the electrical active energy and the electrical inertia to the input end (403) of the rectifying device (204); • rectifying the electrical energy using the rectifying device (204); • providing electrical active power as voltage and / or current at an output (404, 220) of said rectifying means (204); • using a secondary-side detection device (401) to detect an overvoltage at the input (403) and / or output (404, 220) of the rectifier device and / or to detect an external magnetic field; and • When an overvoltage is detected at the input (403) and / or output (404) of the rectifier (204), the secondary-side detection device (401) is used to influence the energy guiding device (402') and / or the magnetic field to limit the transfer of the electrical active energy.

11. A method for energy transfer using a primary loop device, the method comprising: • utilizing an energy generating device (202) to provide electrical energy as electrical active power and / or electrical inertia; • converting said electrical energy into magnetic energy using a primary coil (L1); • utilizing the primary coil to transmit and / or receive the magnetic energy; • utilizing said energy generating means (202) to extract instructions and / or functions; and • deriving control commands from received instructions and / or received no functions to vary the amount of energy provided by the energy generating device.

12. A method for testing a secondary loop device (104') according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising: coupling the secondary loop device (104') to the primary loop device (105') according to claim 7; Applying a test signal to the energy guiding device (402') for transmission to the primary loop device (105'); detecting a test signal in the primary loop device (105'); Using a secondary-side detection device to influence the energy guiding device (402') and / or the magnetic field (106); A change in a test signal in the primary loop device is detected.

13. A method for testing a secondary loop device (104') according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising coupling the secondary loop device (104') to the primary loop device (105') according to claim 7; Applying a test signal to the primary resonant circuit (202) for transmission to the secondary circuit device (402'); detecting a test signal in the secondary loop device (104'); Using a secondary-side detection device (401) to influence the energy guiding device (402') and / or the magnetic field (106); A change in a test signal in the secondary loop device (104') is detected.

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