Dust falling and sand fixing complexing agent as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a dust-falling and sand-fixing complexing agent, a preparation method and application. The complexing agent is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 40-50% of a dust-falling agent, 30-40% of a sand-fixing reinforcing agent, 10-20% of a degradable biological matrix, 1-5% of an auxiliary additive and the balance of water. According to the complexing agent, through the synergistic effect of various materials, the dust falling and sand fixing performance is remarkably improved, and the complexing agent can stably work in atrocious weather and complex environments. The complexing agent adopts a degradable biological matrix material, is non-toxic and harmless, meets the modern environmental protection requirement, and reduces industrial waste pollution. Through a spraying construction mode, a large-area area can be quickly covered, the construction period is shortened by more than 20%, and the method adapts to complex geology and climate conditions. The material cost is reduced by about 20%-30% compared with that of a traditional chemical sand solidification agent, and waste of water resources is remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mining area environmental protection, and in particular relates to a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As coal mining progresses, the problem of dust in open-pit coal mines has become increasingly severe. Due to the large areas of exposed ground and strong winds during open-pit mining, dust often seriously affects the air quality and ecological environment surrounding the mining area. Dust not only poses a health threat to mining workers but can also significantly impact the quality of life of surrounding residents, leading to air pollution and soil degradation. Furthermore, long-term mining can damage the soil in some areas, causing desertification, further exacerbating ecological degradation and desertification. Therefore, effectively controlling dust and preventing desertification have become urgent tasks in ecological restoration in mining areas.

[0003] Existing dust control technologies, such as traditional watering, can reduce dust generation to a certain extent. However, due to their poor sustainability (dust suppression duration <4 hours), poor environmental adaptability, and significant water waste (average daily water consumption of 6.5L / m2), they are unable to meet the environmental protection needs of modern mining areas. Furthermore, commercially available polyacrylamide-based sand-fixing agents have a penetration depth of only 5-8cm, causing soil compaction, reducing soil permeability and fertility (porosity decreases by 15%-20%), and cannot meet the current dual requirements of environmental protection and ecological restoration. Existing materials also have ecotoxicity issues, such as an increase in soil EC value of 0.5-1.2mS / cm and a vegetation recovery rate of less than 35%. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop an environmentally friendly, efficient, easy-to-construct, and long-term composite material for dust reduction and sand fixation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and provide a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, a preparation method, and an application. The composite agent significantly improves the dust reduction and sand fixation performance through the synergistic effect of multiple materials and can work stably in harsh climates and complex environments.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present invention is to provide a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, which is composed of the following components in weight percentage (wt%): 40%-50% dust reduction agent, 30%-40% sand fixation enhancer, 10%-20% degradable biological matrix, 1%-5% auxiliary additives, and the balance is water.

[0006] The composite agent is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:10 to 1:20 when used, and is suitable for dust control and desertification control in arid, high-altitude, rainy and strong wind and sand environments.

[0007] Optionally, the dust suppressant is polyacrylamide or sodium polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 8 million to 12 million.

[0008] Optionally, the sand fixation enhancer is water glass with a modulus of 2.5-3.5.

[0009] Optionally, the degradable biological matrix is ​​starch grafted acrylate or gum arabic with a grafting rate greater than or equal to 60%.

[0010] Optionally, the auxiliary additives include: nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP-10) and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber (UV-326).

[0011] Optionally, the mass ratio of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber is (1-3):2.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, comprising the following steps:

[0013] (1) mixing a dust suppressant, a sand fixation enhancer, a degradable biomatrix, and an auxiliary additive to obtain a mixed material;

[0014] (2) Add water to the mixture and adjust the pH value to 6.5-7.5 to form a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent.

[0015] Optionally, the mixing temperature in step (1) is 48-52° C., and the mixing time is 20-40 min.

[0016] Optionally, the dispersion in step (2) is performed under ultrasound, with an ultrasound frequency of 30-50 kHz, a power of 400-600 W, and a time of 10-30 min.

[0017] Optionally, the method for preparing the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent further comprises the following steps:

[0018] (3) Store the dust reduction and sand fixation compound in a light-proof, sealed container for future use at a storage temperature of less than or equal to 25°C.

[0019] The present invention also provides an application method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent for dust reduction and sand fixation.

[0020] Optionally, the application method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent specifically includes:

[0021] Next steps:

[0022] When in use, mix the dust reduction and sand fixation compound with water in a ratio of 1: (10-20).

[0023] Optionally, the spraying construction of the mixture of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent and water adopts high-pressure rotary spraying equipment with a working pressure of 0.5-1.2MPa and a spraying thickness of 1-3mm.

[0024] Optionally, the application method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent specifically includes:

[0025] Next steps:

[0026] The mixture of dust reduction and sand fixation compound and water is mixed with grass seeds in a mass ratio of 1: (0.5-2) and sprayed for ecological restoration of desertified areas.

[0027] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent of the present invention has efficient dust reduction and sand fixation functions. The composite agent of the present invention significantly improves the dust reduction and sand fixation performance through the synergistic effect of multiple materials such as dust reduction agent, sand fixation enhancer, degradable biological matrix, and auxiliary additives, and can work stably in harsh climates and complex environments.

[0028] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent of the present invention is green and environmentally friendly. The composite agent of the present invention adopts degradable biological matrix materials, is non-toxic and harmless, meets modern environmental protection requirements, and reduces industrial waste pollution.

[0029] The application method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent of the present invention is convenient to construct. Through the spraying construction mode, a large area can be quickly covered, the construction period is shortened by more than 20%, and it is adaptable to complex geological and climatic conditions.

[0030] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent of the present invention has the characteristics of economy, and the material cost is reduced by about 20%-30% compared with the traditional chemical sand fixation agent, and the waste of water resources is significantly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the preparation method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The present embodiment provides a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, which is composed of the following components in weight percentage (wt%): 40%-50% dust reduction agent, 30%-40% sand fixation enhancer, 10%-20% degradable biomatrix, 1%-5% auxiliary additives, and the balance is water.

[0035] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) mixing a dust suppressant, a sand fixation enhancer, a degradable biomatrix, and an auxiliary additive to obtain a mixed material;

[0037] (2) Add water to the mixture and adjust the pH value to 6.5-7.5 to form a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent.

[0038] This embodiment also provides an application method of the above-mentioned dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent for dust reduction and sand fixation.

[0039] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment has the functions of efficient dust reduction and sand fixation. The composite agent in this embodiment significantly improves the dust reduction and sand fixation performance through the synergistic effect of multiple materials such as dust reducers, sand fixation enhancers, degradable biological matrices, and auxiliary additives, and can work stably in harsh climates and complex environments.

[0040] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is green and environmentally friendly. The composite agent in this embodiment adopts degradable biomatrix material, is non-toxic and harmless, meets modern environmental protection requirements, and reduces industrial waste pollution.

[0041] The application method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is convenient to construct. By spraying, a large area can be quickly covered, the construction period is shortened by more than 20%, and it is adaptable to complex geological and climatic conditions.

[0042] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is economical, and the material cost is reduced by about 20%-30% compared with traditional chemical sand fixation agents, and water resource waste is significantly reduced.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The present embodiment provides a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, which is composed of the following components in weight percentage (wt%): 40%-50% dust reduction agent, 30%-40% sand fixation enhancer, 10%-20% degradable biomatrix, 1%-5% auxiliary additives, and the balance is water.

[0045] The composite agent is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:10 to 1:20 and is suitable for dust control and desertification control in drought, high cold, rainy and strong wind and sand environments, and is particularly suitable for open-pit coal mines.

[0046] Optionally, the dust suppressant can be polyacrylamide (PAM) or sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) with a molecular weight of 8-12 million. Both PAM and PAAS have high molecular weights and can significantly increase interparticle adhesion, thereby forming a stable water film and reducing dust generation.

[0047] Optionally, the sand fixation enhancer is water glass with a modulus of 2.5-3.5. Water glass has good permeability and coagulation properties, and can form a strong cementation structure on the surface, thereby enhancing the surface's resistance to wind erosion.

[0048] Optionally, the biodegradable biomatrix is ​​starch grafted with acrylate or gum arabic with a grafting rate of ≥60%. These natural biomatrices have strong cross-linking properties, can effectively improve surface adhesion, and are naturally degradable, reducing environmental pollution.

[0049] Optional auxiliary additives include: nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP-10) and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber (UV-326). Since UV-326 is a fat-soluble compound and insoluble in water, surfactants such as nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP-10) are needed in the composite to help disperse and stabilize it, thereby improving the composite's resistance to ultraviolet rays and extending its service life, especially in environments with strong ultraviolet radiation. Nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP-10): By reducing interfacial tension, it promotes the stable dispersion of fat-soluble components in water-based solutions.

[0050] Optionally, the mass ratio of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber is (1-3):2.

[0051] Specifically, the dust suppressant is a high-efficiency dust suppressant. Auxiliary additives are used to disperse, stabilize, and improve tolerance.

[0052] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is intended to solve the problems of short-term dust reduction effect and poor environmental protection of sand fixation agents in the existing technology, and to provide an environmentally friendly composite agent with both high-efficiency dust reduction and sand fixation functions. Through the synergistic effect of high-efficiency dust reduction agents, sand fixation enhancers, degradable biological matrices and auxiliary additives, a stable network or cemented structure can be formed on the exposed surface, significantly improving the resistance to wind erosion and water erosion, suppressing dust and improving the surface soil structure.

[0053] The main properties of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment are:

[0054] Dust reduction performance: It can form a stable water film structure on the surface of particles, enhance particle adhesion, and effectively control dust.

[0055] Sand-fixing performance: By adding sand-fixing enhancers, a stable network or cementation structure is formed on the surface, enhancing the surface's resistance to wind erosion and water erosion.

[0056] Environmental friendliness: Biodegradable biomatrices (such as starch grafted with acrylate or gum arabic with a grafting ratio of ≥60%) gradually degrade in soil or natural environments, transforming into non-toxic and harmless substances, reducing negative environmental impacts. Furthermore, the byproducts of degradation do not pollute soil, vegetation, or water sources, meeting modern environmental protection requirements.

[0057] Economical: Reduce construction and maintenance costs, adapt to different geological and climatic conditions, and significantly reduce water consumption.

[0058] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, comprising the following steps:

[0059] (1) Raw material mixing: the dust suppressant, sand fixation enhancer, degradable biomatrix and auxiliary additives are mixed in the above proportions to ensure that the components are fully mixed to obtain a mixed material;

[0060] (2) Adding water for dispersion: Add water to the mixture and adjust the pH value to 6.5-7.5 to form a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent. Optionally, the water is deionized water.

[0061] Optionally, the mixing temperature in step (1) is 48-52° C., and the mixing time is 20-40 min.

[0062] Optionally, the mixing in step (1) is performed with a stirrer at a speed of 600-1000 rpm.

[0063] Optionally, the step (2) is dispersed under ultrasound using an ultrasonic device until a stable composite working solution is formed, the ultrasound frequency is 30-50 kHz, the power is 400-600 W, and the time is 10-30 min.

[0064] Optionally, the method for preparing the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent further comprises the following steps:

[0065] (3) Storage and use: Store the dust reduction and sand fixation compound in a light-proof, sealed container for future use at a storage temperature of ≤25°C.

[0066] The present invention also provides an application method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent for dust reduction and sand fixation.

[0067] Optionally, the method for applying the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent specifically comprises the following steps:

[0068] When in use, the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent is mixed with water in a mass ratio of 1: (10-20) to form a working fluid with a viscosity of 50-200 mPa·s.

[0069] Optionally, high-pressure rotary spraying equipment is used for spraying the mixture of dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent and water. The equipment parameters are as follows: double-channel nozzle (inner diameter 1.2mm / outer diameter 2.5mm) for high-pressure rotary spraying construction, working pressure of 0.5-1.2MPa (dynamic adjustment), spraying thickness of 1-3mm. The working fluid is evenly covered on the exposed surface through high-pressure spraying equipment with a covering thickness of 1-3mm (laser thickness calibration) to form a cementing layer. After natural curing for 4-6 hours and auxiliary drying when the humidity is ≤70%, the material is firmly bonded to the surface particles to form a stable structure. Subsequent performance tests are carried out.

[0070] When spraying with high-pressure rotary spraying equipment, the spraying pressure and working fluid concentration of the equipment should be adjusted according to specific environmental conditions (such as wind speed, temperature, etc.) to ensure that the composite agent is evenly covered and a stable cementing layer can be formed to achieve the best dust reduction and sand fixation effects.

[0071] Optionally, the method for applying the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent specifically comprises the following steps:

[0072] The mixture of dust reduction and sand fixation compound and water is mixed with grass seeds in a mass ratio of 1: (0.5-2) and sprayed for ecological restoration of desertified areas.

[0073] Scope of application: The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is used for dust control and desertification control in open-pit coal mining areas, transportation roads, storage yards and exposed surfaces. It is particularly suitable for soil protection and ecological restoration in mining areas with complex geological conditions and harsh climatic environments, sand fixation and ecological restoration in desertified areas, and surface stabilization in areas with frequent droughts and sandstorms.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, specifically, the preparation and construction process diagram of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment includes seven steps: raw material pretreatment, gradient mixing, ultrasonic dispersion, storage and standby, proportioning before construction, natural curing and performance acceptance.

[0075] Specifically, this embodiment provides a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, which is composed of the following components in weight percentage (wt%): 40% dust reduction agent, 30% sand fixation enhancer, 20% degradable biomatrix, 1% auxiliary additive, and the balance is water.

[0076] The dust suppressant is polyacrylamide (PAM) with a molecular weight of 8 million to 12 million.

[0077] The sand fixation enhancer is water glass with a modulus of 2.5.

[0078] The degradable biological matrix is ​​starch grafted acrylate with a grafting rate of not less than 60%.

[0079] The auxiliary additives include: nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP-10) and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber (UV-326), wherein the mass ratio of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber is 2:2.

[0080] The preparation method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0081] (1) Raw material mixing: under the condition of 50±2℃, the high-efficiency dust suppressant, sand fixation enhancer, degradable biomatrix and auxiliary additives were mixed in proportion, and stirred by a stirrer for 30 minutes at a stirrer speed of 800 rpm to ensure that the components were fully mixed;

[0082] (2) Add water to disperse: add deionized water, adjust the pH to 6.5-7.5, and then use ultrasonic dispersion equipment (40kHz, 500W, 20min) to disperse until a stable composite working solution is formed;

[0083] (3) Storage and Use: Store the working solution of the composite agent in a light-proof, airtight container at a temperature not exceeding 25°C for future use. When in use, mix the composite agent with water in a mass ratio of 1:20 to form a working solution, and evenly cover the surface with high-pressure spraying equipment to form a cementing layer.

[0084] The application and construction process of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment:

[0085] The composite agent of this embodiment was dissolved in water at a mass ratio of 1:20 to prepare a working solution;

[0086] Use high-pressure spraying equipment to evenly spray the working fluid on the exposed surface, with a working pressure of 1.0 MPa and a coverage thickness of 1 mm;

[0087] Through natural curing (5 hours), the material is firmly bonded to the surface particles to form a stable structure.

[0088] The composite agent in this embodiment takes into account both dust reduction effect and sand fixation performance by optimizing the formula ratio. During construction, it is dissolved in water according to the proportion to form a working fluid, and is evenly covered on the surface through spraying equipment to solidify and form.

[0089] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment takes into account both dust reduction effect and sand fixation performance by optimizing the formula ratio. During construction, it is dissolved in water in proportion to form a working fluid, and is evenly covered on the surface through spraying equipment to solidify and form. Compared with traditional dust reduction and sand fixation technologies, the dust suppression rate of the composite agent of the present invention after spraying is ≥95%; through wind tunnel tests, the wind erosion resistance strength retention rate of the sand fixation layer is ≥85%. In addition, the 28-day biodegradation rate of the composite agent can reach ≥80%, and it is non-toxic to the ecological environment. The material cost is reduced by 20%-30% compared with traditional methods, and the construction period is also greatly shortened. The present invention is particularly suitable for dust control and desertification control in complex geological conditions and harsh climatic environments in mining areas, and has significant environmental benefits and economic value.

[0090] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment has the functions of efficient dust reduction and sand fixation. The composite agent in this embodiment significantly improves the dust reduction and sand fixation performance through the synergistic effect of multiple materials such as dust reducers, sand fixation enhancers, degradable biological matrices, and auxiliary additives, and can work stably in harsh climates and complex environments.

[0091] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is green and environmentally friendly. The composite agent in this embodiment adopts degradable biomatrix material, is non-toxic and harmless, meets modern environmental protection requirements, and reduces industrial waste pollution.

[0092] The application method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is convenient to construct. By spraying, a large area can be quickly covered, the construction period is shortened by more than 20%, and it is adaptable to complex geological and climatic conditions.

[0093] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is economical, and the material cost is reduced by about 20%-30% compared with traditional chemical sand fixation agents, and water resource waste is significantly reduced.

[0094] Example 3

[0095] This embodiment provides a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, which is composed of the following components in weight percentage (wt %): 45% dust reduction agent, 30% sand fixation enhancer, 15% degradable biomatrix, 5% auxiliary additives, and the balance water.

[0096] The dust suppressant is polyacrylic acid sodium (PAAS) with a molecular weight of 8 million to 12 million.

[0097] The sand fixation enhancer is water glass with a modulus of 3.5.

[0098] The degradable biological matrix is ​​gum arabic with a grafting rate of not less than 60%.

[0099] The auxiliary additives include: nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP-10) and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber (UV-326), wherein the mass ratio of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber is 1:2.

[0100] The preparation method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0101] (1) Raw material mixing: under the condition of 50°C, the high-efficiency dust suppressant, sand fixation enhancer, degradable biomatrix and auxiliary additives were mixed in proportion, and stirred by a stirrer for 40 minutes at a stirrer speed of 600 rpm to ensure that the components were fully mixed;

[0102] (2) Add water to disperse: add deionized water, adjust the pH to 6.5, and then use ultrasonic dispersion equipment (30kHz, 400W, 10min) to disperse until a stable composite working solution is formed;

[0103] (3) Storage and use: Store the compound working solution in a light-proof, airtight container at a temperature not exceeding 25°C until ready for use.

[0104] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, preparation method, and application beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows:

[0105] 1. Highly efficient dust reduction and sand fixation: The composite agent of this embodiment significantly improves dust reduction and sand fixation performance through the synergistic effect of multiple materials, and can work stably in harsh climates and complex environments.

[0106] 2. Green and environmentally friendly: The composite agent of this embodiment adopts degradable biomatrix material, which is non-toxic and harmless, meets modern environmental protection requirements, and reduces industrial waste pollution.

[0107] 3. Economical: The material cost is about 20%-30% lower than that of traditional chemical sand fixation agents, and water waste is significantly reduced.

[0108] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment has the functions of efficient dust reduction and sand fixation. The composite agent in this embodiment significantly improves the dust reduction and sand fixation performance through the synergistic effect of multiple materials such as dust reducers, sand fixation enhancers, degradable biological matrices, and auxiliary additives, and can work stably in harsh climates and complex environments.

[0109] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is green and environmentally friendly. The composite agent in this embodiment adopts degradable biomatrix material, is non-toxic and harmless, meets modern environmental protection requirements, and reduces industrial waste pollution.

[0110] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is economical, and the material cost is reduced by about 20%-30% compared with traditional chemical sand fixation agents, and water resource waste is significantly reduced.

[0111] Example 4

[0112] This embodiment provides a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, which is composed of the following components in weight percentage (wt %): 50% dust reduction agent, 35% sand fixation enhancer, 10% degradable biomatrix, 2% auxiliary additives, and the balance water.

[0113] The dust suppressant is polyacrylamide (PAM) with a molecular weight of 8 million to 12 million.

[0114] The sand fixation enhancer is water glass with a modulus of 3.

[0115] The degradable biological matrix is ​​starch grafted acrylate with a grafting rate of not less than 60%.

[0116] The auxiliary additives include: nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP-10) and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber (UV-326), wherein the mass ratio of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber is 3:2.

[0117] The preparation method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0118] (1) Raw material mixing: under the condition of 52°C, the high-efficiency dust suppressant, sand fixation enhancer, degradable biomatrix and auxiliary additives were mixed in proportion, and stirred with a stirrer for 25 minutes at a stirrer speed of 1000 rpm to ensure that the components were fully mixed;

[0119] (2) Add water to disperse: add deionized water, adjust the pH to 7.5, and then use ultrasonic dispersion equipment (50kHz, 600W, 30min) to disperse until a stable composite working solution is formed;

[0120] (3) Storage and use: Store the compound working solution in a light-proof, airtight container at a temperature not exceeding 25°C until ready for use.

[0121] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment has the functions of efficient dust reduction and sand fixation. The composite agent in this embodiment significantly improves the dust reduction and sand fixation performance through the synergistic effect of multiple materials such as dust reducers, sand fixation enhancers, degradable biological matrices, and auxiliary additives, and can work stably in harsh climates and complex environments.

[0122] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is green and environmentally friendly. The composite agent in this embodiment adopts degradable biomatrix material, is non-toxic and harmless, meets modern environmental protection requirements, and reduces industrial waste pollution.

[0123] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is economical, and the material cost is reduced by about 20%-30% compared with traditional chemical sand fixation agents, and water resource waste is significantly reduced.

[0124] Example 5

[0125] This embodiment provides a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, which is composed of the following components in weight percentage (wt %): 40% dust reduction agent, 40% sand fixation enhancer, 12% degradable biomatrix, 3% auxiliary additives, and the balance water.

[0126] The dust suppressant is polyacrylic acid sodium (PAAS) with a molecular weight of 8 million to 12 million.

[0127] The sand fixation enhancer is water glass with a modulus of 3.2.

[0128] The degradable biological matrix is ​​gum arabic with a grafting rate of not less than 60%.

[0129] The auxiliary additives include: nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP-10) and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber (UV-326), wherein the mass ratio of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber is 1.5:2.

[0130] The preparation method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0131] (1) Raw material mixing: under the condition of 51 ° C, the high-efficiency dust suppressant, sand fixation enhancer, degradable biomatrix and auxiliary additives were mixed in proportion, and stirred by a stirrer for 20 minutes at a stirrer speed of 900 rpm to ensure that the components were fully mixed;

[0132] (2) Add water to disperse: add deionized water, adjust the pH to 7, and then use ultrasonic dispersion equipment (35kHz, 550W, 25min) to disperse until a stable composite working solution is formed;

[0133] (3) Storage and use: Store the compound working solution in a light-proof, airtight container at a temperature not exceeding 25°C until ready for use.

[0134] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment has the functions of efficient dust reduction and sand fixation. The composite agent in this embodiment significantly improves the dust reduction and sand fixation performance through the synergistic effect of multiple materials such as dust reducers, sand fixation enhancers, degradable biological matrices, and auxiliary additives, and can work stably in harsh climates and complex environments.

[0135] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is green and environmentally friendly. The composite agent in this embodiment adopts degradable biomatrix material, is non-toxic and harmless, meets modern environmental protection requirements, and reduces industrial waste pollution.

[0136] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is economical, and the material cost is reduced by about 20%-30% compared with traditional chemical sand fixation agents, and water resource waste is significantly reduced.

[0137] Example 6

[0138] This embodiment provides a method for applying a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, comprising the following steps:

[0139] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is used to reduce dust on mining roads.

[0140] In the transport road area of ​​a certain open pit coal mine, due to frequent vehicle traffic and wind action, the problem of road dust is serious. The composite agent in the embodiment of the present invention 3 and water are mixed with working fluid in a 1:10 mass ratio, and working fluid is evenly covered on the road surface using high-pressure spraying equipment, and operating pressure is 0.5-1.2MPa, and covering thickness is about 2mm. By natural solidification (4-6 hours), material is firmly combined with surface particles to form a stable structure.

[0141] Test results: After spraying, at a temperature of 25±2°C and a humidity of 50%±5%, the dust suppression rate reached 98.1%, and the effect remained stable for 96 hours. After 30 days of observation, the surface cementitious layer remained intact under wind speeds of 15m / s and daily vehicle traffic, and the dust suppression rate remained above 95%. After simulated rainfall conditions (precipitation rate of 20mm / h), there was no significant damage to the cementitious layer in the sprayed area, and the dust control effect remained stable.

[0142] Conclusion: This example shows that the composite agent of the present invention has a high efficiency and long-lasting dust reduction effect and is suitable for dust control in environments with frequent traffic and strong winds.

[0143] Example 7

[0144] This embodiment provides a method for applying a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, comprising the following steps:

[0145] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is used for sand fixation in desertified areas.

[0146] In a certain desertification serious area, the surface soil is loose, susceptible to wind erosion, and the wind speed in the region is larger, and there is a serious desertification problem. The composite agent in the embodiment of the present invention 4 and water are mixed with working fluid in a 1:15 mass ratio, and the surface is evenly covered by a spraying device, and the operating pressure is 0.5-1.2MPa, and the covering thickness is about 3mm. By natural solidification (4-6 hours), material and surface particles are firmly combined to form a stable structure.

[0147] After curing, wind tunnel tests and long-term stability observations were carried out.

[0148] Test results: Wind tunnel tests showed that at a wind speed of 20m / s, the soil loss rate was ≤10%, significantly improving wind erosion resistance. After 30 days of natural weather exposure (including multiple sandstorms, sun exposure, and other extreme weather conditions), the surface structure remained stable, with wind erosion resistance maintained at over 80%. After simulated rainfall (at a rate of 30mm / h for 30 minutes), the surface soil loss rate was reduced by 70%, with no visible cracking or spalling.

[0149] Conclusion: This example shows that the composite agent of the present invention has a significant sand fixation effect in desertified areas, can effectively improve the wind erosion resistance, and still maintains good performance under extreme climatic conditions.

[0150] Example 8

[0151] This embodiment provides a method for applying a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, comprising the following steps:

[0152] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is used for dust control in storage yards.

[0153] In the coal yard area of ​​a certain open pit coal mine, due to long-term stacking of coal and lack of covering measures, dust pollution problem is caused to be serious. The composite agent in the embodiment of the present invention 5 and water are configured to working fluid in 1:12 mass ratio, working fluid is evenly sprayed on the yard surface using high-pressure spraying equipment, and operating pressure is 0.5-1.2MPa, covering thickness about 2mm. By natural solidification (4-6 hours), material is firmly combined with surface particles, forms stable structure.

[0154] Test results: Within two hours of spraying, a stable cementing layer formed on the surface of the storage yard, achieving a dust control efficiency exceeding 90%. After 30 days of observation, the cementing layer remained intact, showing no significant damage even under extreme conditions of high winds (15m / s) and rainfall (25mm / h), and the dust suppression effect persisted.

[0155] Conclusion: This example shows that the composite agent has efficient dust control ability and can maintain good effects over a long period of time. It is particularly suitable for dust control in coal yards.

[0156] Example 9

[0157] This embodiment provides a method for applying a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, comprising the following steps:

[0158] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is used for sand fixation on exposed surfaces in mining areas.

[0159] In the exposed surface area that has been mined in a certain mining area, desertification is serious, and the surface soil is loose, easily eroded by wind and sand. The composite agent in the embodiment of the present invention 3 is configured to a working fluid in a 1:10 mass ratio with water, and the surface is covered by a spraying device towed by a vehicle, with an operating pressure of 0.5-1.2 MPa and a covering thickness of about 3 mm. By natural solidification (4-6 hours), the material is firmly combined with surface particles to form a stable structure.

[0160] After curing, wind erosion test and rain erosion test are carried out.

[0161] Test results: Under wind speeds of 18 m / s, soil loss was reduced by 85%, significantly enhancing resistance to wind erosion. Simulating rainfall conditions of 20 mm / h reduced surface soil loss by over 80%. One month after curing, the surface structure was stable, with no visible cracks or loss.

[0162] Conclusion: This example shows that the composite agent of the present invention has a significant effect in sand fixation on exposed surfaces in mining areas, especially under conditions of high wind speed and heavy rainfall, and can effectively enhance the ability to resist wind erosion and water erosion.

[0163] Example 10

[0164] This embodiment provides a method for applying a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, comprising the following steps:

[0165] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is used for sand fixation and dust reduction in mining areas in high-altitude and cold regions.

[0166] In a certain alpine mining area, the average annual temperature is lower than -10 ° C, and frequent freeze-thaw cycles cause the exposed surface soil structure to deteriorate further, and dust and soil loss problems are serious. The composite agent in Example 4 of the present invention is mixed with water in a 1: 15 mass ratio to form a working fluid, sprayed to cover the surface, with a working pressure of 0.5-1.2 MPa and a covering thickness of about 2 mm. Through natural solidification (4-6 hours), the material is firmly combined with the surface particles to form a stable structure.

[0167] Test results: Under 30 freeze-thaw cycles at -20°C to 5°C, the surface's resistance to wind and water erosion was significantly enhanced, and sand loss was reduced by 90%. Dust concentration was reduced by over 95%, and the dust suppression effect was maintained for three months. After multiple freeze-thaw cycles, the solidified layer remained stable, and soil loss was significantly reduced.

[0168] Conclusion: This example shows that the composite agent of the present invention is effective in alpine areas, can effectively solve the problem of surface deterioration caused by freeze-thaw cycles, and maintain long-term dust reduction and sand fixation effects.

[0169] Example 11

[0170] This embodiment provides a method for applying a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, comprising the following steps:

[0171] The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent in this embodiment is used in an ecological restoration experiment in a desertified mining area.

[0172] In an abandoned mining area, affected by mining, desertification has occurred in some areas, resulting in low soil organic matter content and loose sand surfaces. The composite agent from Example 5 of the present invention was mixed with water in a 1:12 mass ratio to form a working solution, which was then sprayed with grass seed. A mixture of the dust-reducing and sand-fixing composite agent and water was then sprayed with grass seed in a 1:1 mass ratio for ecological restoration in desertified areas.

[0173] Test results: After spraying, a protective layer was formed, effectively fixing surface sand and improving wind erosion resistance by 90%. Grass seed germination reached over 75%, demonstrating significant ecological restoration results. Soil organic matter content increased by 10% within three months, demonstrating the composite's matrix components' ability to improve soil structure.

[0174] Conclusion: This example shows that the composite agent can significantly improve the soil structure and ecological environment in desertified areas, help restore vegetation, and promote ecological restoration.

[0175] Example 12

[0176] This embodiment provides an application method of a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, comprising the following steps, which differs from the method in Example 11 in that:

[0177] The mixture of dust reduction and sand fixation compound and water is mixed with grass seeds in a mass ratio of 1:0.5 and sprayed for ecological restoration in desertified areas.

[0178] Test results: After spraying, a protective layer was formed, effectively fixing surface sand and improving wind erosion resistance by 91%. Grass seed germination reached over 76%, demonstrating significant ecological restoration results. Soil organic matter content increased by 11% within three months, demonstrating the composite's matrix components' ability to improve soil structure.

[0179] Conclusion: This example shows that the composite agent can significantly improve the soil structure and ecological environment in desertified areas, help restore vegetation, and promote ecological restoration.

[0180] Example 13

[0181] This embodiment provides an application method of a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, comprising the following steps, which differs from the method in Example 11 in that:

[0182] The mixture of dust reduction and sand fixation compound and water is mixed with grass seeds in a mass ratio of 1:2 and sprayed for ecological restoration in desertified areas.

[0183] Test results: After spraying, a protective layer was formed, effectively fixing surface sand and improving wind erosion resistance by 89%. Grass seed germination reached over 77%, demonstrating significant ecological restoration results. Soil organic matter content increased by 9% within three months, demonstrating the composite's matrix components' improvement of soil structure.

[0184] Conclusion: This example shows that the composite agent can significantly improve the soil structure and ecological environment in desertified areas, help restore vegetation, and promote ecological restoration.

[0185] Comparative Example

[0186] Comparative Experiment 1

[0187] Dust reduction effect of traditional watering method

[0188] In the transportation road area of ​​a certain open-pit coal mine, the frequent traffic and wind action cause serious road dust problems.

[0189] Traditional watering method: Sprinkler trucks spray the roads, with an average daily water consumption of 6.5L / m 2 , one hour after sprinkling water, the road dust suppression rate dropped to 40%, and the effect lasted for a short time.

[0190] Conclusion: Compared with Example 6, the traditional water sprinkling method has poor dust reduction effect, short duration and large waste of water resources.

[0191] Comparative Experiment 2

[0192] Construction period and sand fixation effect of traditional spray sand fixation agent

[0193] Experimental location: In a severely desertified area, the surface soil is loose and easily eroded by wind. The wind speed in the area is relatively high, resulting in desertification problems.

[0194] Traditional spraying sand fixation agent: using traditional spraying sand fixation agent, the spraying thickness is 2mm, the construction operation cycle is about 7 days (construction area is about 5000m 2 After spraying, wind erosion resistance increased by 50%. However, in strong winds (25m / s) and rainfall, the sand fixation layer gradually broke down, resulting in a high sand loss rate of approximately 15%. The construction period was long, and frequent maintenance was required after construction.

[0195] Conclusion: Compared with Example 7, the traditional sand fixation agent has poor effect, long construction period, poor stability of the sand fixation layer, and insufficient anti-wind erosion ability.

[0196] Comparative Experiment 3

[0197] Restoration effect of traditional bio-based sand fixation agent combined with grass seeds

[0198] Experimental location: an abandoned area of ​​a mining area. The area is affected by mining, with local desertification problems and low soil organic matter content.

[0199] Combining traditional bio-based sand-fixing agents with grass seeds: Spraying traditional bio-based sand-fixing agents and sowing grass seeds results in a germination rate of approximately 50% and an approximately 40% improvement in wind erosion resistance. However, in adverse weather conditions such as strong winds and heavy rain, the survival rate of the grass seeds is severely affected, and the sand-fixing effect is less sustainable, failing to fundamentally address soil erosion.

[0200] Conclusion: Compared to Example 11, while the traditional bio-based sand-fixing agent combined with grass seeds can improve germination rates, the survival rate and restoration effectiveness of the grass seeds are limited under long-term wind and sand erosion. The composite agent of the present invention not only enhances sand fixation, but also improves soil structure and promotes ecological restoration, demonstrating that its restoration effectiveness in desertified areas far exceeds that of traditional methods.

[0201] Summarize

[0202] It can be seen from multiple examples and comparative experiments that the composite agent of the present invention performs significantly better than traditional technologies in dust reduction, sand fixation and ecological restoration, and is environmentally friendly, economical and long-lasting, and has broad application value and promotion prospects.

[0203] The present invention is suitable for dust control and ecological restoration in open-pit coal mines and other areas with frequent sandstorms, and has broad application prospects and economic value.

[0204] It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments for illustrating the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: 40%-50% of dust suppressant, 30%-40% of sand fixation enhancer, 10%-20% of degradable biological matrix, 1%-5% of auxiliary additives, and the balance of water.

2. The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The dust suppressant is polyacrylamide or sodium polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 8 million to 12 million.

3. The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The sand fixation enhancer is water glass with a modulus of 2.5-3.

5.

4. The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The degradable biological matrix is ​​starch grafted acrylate or gum arabic with a grafting rate greater than or equal to 60%.

5. The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary additives include: nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber.

6. The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to the benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber is (1-3):

2.

7. A method for preparing the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Mixing a dust suppressant, a sand fixation enhancer, a degradable biomatrix and auxiliary additives to obtain a mixed material; Water is added to the mixture, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.5-7.5 to form a dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent.

8. The method for preparing the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: The dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent is stored in a light-proof and sealed container for standby use, and the storage temperature is less than or equal to 25°C.

9. A method for using the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Used for dust reduction and sand fixation.

10. The application method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific steps include: When in use, mix the dust reduction and sand fixation compound with water in a ratio of 1: (10-20).

11. The application method of the dust reduction and sand fixation composite agent according to claim 10, characterized in that: The spraying construction of the mixture of dust reduction and sand fixation compound and water adopts high-pressure rotary spraying equipment with a working pressure of 0.5-1.2MPa and a spraying thickness of 1-3mm; or The mixture of dust reduction and sand fixation compound and water is mixed with grass seeds in a mass ratio of 1: (0.5-2) and sprayed for ecological restoration of desertified areas.

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