A multifunctional building board with integrated structure, energy storage and thermal insulation and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of building materials technology and discloses a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation, and its preparation method. The building panel comprises four parts: a structural frame G, an interface functional layer D, an internal filling layer M, and an upper surface layer S. The structural frame G has a load-bearing function, and vertical partitions divide the structural frame G into squares, each square being an energy storage unit. Energy transfer between the internal energy storage unit and the outside is achieved through T / L-shaped metal embedded parts. The interface functional layer D has an energy storage function. The internal filling layer M has both thermal insulation and energy storage functions. The upper surface layer S serves as an encapsulation and protective layer for the multifunctional building panel. This invention, through the design of the four-part structure of the building panel and the material composition of different layers, forms a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation, meeting the needs of prefabricated construction and also forming a building-structure supercapacitor with energy storage function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building materials technology, specifically relating to a multifunctional building panel that integrates structure, energy storage, and heat insulation, and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Cement-based composite materials (cement concrete) are among the most widely used building materials today. Engineers are constantly exploring ways to modify the cement-based matrix to create structurally-intelligent integrated cement-based composites that not only possess excellent structural load-bearing capacity and durability, but also additional functions such as thermal insulation, sound insulation, electrical conductivity, sensing properties, electromagnetic wave shielding and absorption, and energy storage. However, the material composition requirements and preparation processes for various new multifunctional cement-based composite materials far exceed those of ordinary concrete in current construction and use. Their application technology is complex and challenging, severely hindering their industrial application development.

[0003] Integrated structural-insulation-decorative panels are composed of structural layers, insulation and decorative layers, anchors, and sealing materials. They evolved from traditional concrete structure casting and thin-plaster external wall insulation practices. Because integrated insulation and decorative panels combine insulation and decorative layers, they transform the layer-by-layer construction of walls and thin-plaster external insulation into a single process, reducing wet work on-site, improving construction and installation efficiency, and shortening the construction period. This has led to their rapid development in the prefabricated building industry.

[0004] The current manufacturing process for integrated structural-insulation-decorative panels involves sequentially manufacturing the wall structure, insulation layer, and decorative layer, transferring on-site construction to the factory. This improves the automation and efficiency of building construction, meeting the high-efficiency and green requirements of prefabricated buildings. The wall structure primarily uses reinforced concrete, and various insulation materials are available, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PU), rock wool board, and slag wool board. Appropriate materials and thicknesses are selected based on the building's thermal conductivity requirements, and the decorative layer is determined according to the architectural design style.

[0005] Regarding technologies utilizing cement-based materials or wall panels as building structures for energy storage, current research only includes some related explorations. For example, patent document CN202411058752.3 discloses a method for preparing a cement-based energy storage device, a power system, and an energy storage building. It mainly explores the effects of changes in electrolyte solution ions and concentration, current collector materials, and electrode spacing on energy storage performance, but lacks specific application solutions. Patent document CN119560644B discloses a high-conductivity rechargeable cement-based battery and its preparation method, which prepares positive and negative electrodes through a particle dispersion method; using iron particles dispersed in the cement matrix as the negative electrode and manganese dioxide particles dispersed in the cement matrix as the positive electrode. However, it does not address the low energy density issue and does not provide specific application solutions.

[0006] The integrated structural-insulation-energy storage building panel provided by this invention has not been previously reported in related technologies. This invention, through the structural design of this most commonly used building component, enables it to simultaneously possess structural load-bearing, thermal insulation, power generation, and decorative functions. Furthermore, it utilizes the internal volume components of the panel for energy storage, achieving the storage and regulation of new energy power without increasing space occupancy. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation, along with its preparation method. Targeting the development needs of smart cities for multifunctional, green, and prefabricated buildings, this invention combines the functional characteristics of building panels with an integrated structural design. Through multi-layered functional arrangements, it satisfies the basic mechanical properties of the structure while integrating structural, energy storage, and thermal insulation functions, thereby optimizing building structure and construction technology and improving the level of prefabrication and intelligence in buildings.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation, comprising four parts: a structural frame G, an interface functional layer D, an internal filling layer M, and an upper surface layer S. The structural frame G is the main load-bearing structural layer of the multifunctional building panel, possessing high load-bearing capacity. The structural frame G consists of a base plate and vertical partition plates, which divide the structural frame G into squares, each square being an energy storage unit. T-shaped metal embedded parts are pre-embedded in the vertical partition plates of the structural frame G. L-shaped metal embedded parts facilitate energy transfer between the internal energy storage unit and the outside environment through T-shaped and L-shaped metal embedded parts; the interface functional layer D is attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G, possessing high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties and electrochemical stability, providing energy storage function; the internal filling layer M is located above the interface functional layer D, featuring lightweight and porous characteristics, good thermal insulation capabilities, and also serving as an energy storage function; the upper surface layer S is applied to the internal filling layer M, serving as an encapsulation and protective layer for the multifunctional building panel;

[0009] The various layers of the board are manufactured step-by-step using inorganic non-metallic composite materials of different components, forming a multifunctional building board that integrates structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation. Its key performance indicators are: density ≤2000kg / m³. 3 The compressive strength is ≥15MPa, and the thermal conductivity is ≤0.12W / m·K. Under environmental conditions of -20~45℃ and relative humidity of 0~90%, the multifunctional building panels maintain stable volume and function, do not crack, have a volume change rate ≤0.5%, and a storage energy density ≥15kW·h / m³. 2 ;

[0010] The base plate of the structural frame G has a thickness of 20-30mm; the vertical partition plate has a thickness of 8-10mm; the spacing is 200-400mm; the interface functional layer D has a thickness of 2-3mm; the internal filling layer M has a thickness of 80-100mm; and the upper surface layer S has a thickness of 20±2mm. The size of the plates is designed according to the specific requirements of the building form, installation location, etc. During the production process, bolts and connectors can also be pre-embedded in the appropriate positions of the plates to serve as the connection of external energy storage functional devices and the installation carrier of external decorative layer / photovoltaic power generation panel, in combination with application scenarios, prefabricated construction and installation requirements.

[0011] The structural frame G comprises the following raw material components by weight: 35-40 parts of cementitious material, 10-15 parts of composite admixture, 40-50 parts of aggregate, 2-3 parts of toughening fiber, and 2-5 parts of chemical admixture; 10-13 parts of mixing water; the cementitious material is selected from 52.5 grade silicate cement or ordinary silicate cement; the composite admixture is selected from silica fume, Class I fly ash with good sphericity, and high-strength vitrified microspheres, with a mass ratio of 1:(0.3-0.6):1, wherein the silica fume is selected from dense silica fume with SiO2 content ≥95% and bulk density ≥0.85kg / m³. 3 The high-strength vitrified microspheres have a compressive strength ≥80MPa; the aggregate is selected from quartz sand that has been sieved and blended according to particle size distribution, with a fineness modulus of 2.8; the toughening fiber is selected from carbon fiber; the chemical admixture is a compound composed of polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, viscosity reducer, and air-entraining agent. The viscosity reducer component is an alcohol with a molecular weight <80, and the air-entraining component is an alkyl sulfonate. After compounding, the solid content of the chemical admixture is ≥45%, and the water reduction rate is ≥40%. Its composition and dosage are determined by test based on the working performance of the mixture slurry, ensuring that the initial flowability of the mixture is ≥210mm and the flowability is ≥200mm after 1 hour.

[0012] Furthermore, to fulfill the energy storage function, the interface functional layer D functions as the electrode material of the capacitor, and its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: structural thickness 2~3mm; bond strength ≥1MPa; areal capacitance 500~800F / m². 2 .

[0013] The interface functional layer D comprises carbon fiber mesh and composite slurry. The carbon fiber mesh is cut according to the inner surface area of ​​the structural frame G. The raw material components of the composite slurry, by weight, are: 40-50 parts of cementitious material; 35-40 parts of porous ceramsite; 100-120 parts of mixing water; 2-3 parts of graphene nanosheets; and 100-150 parts of dispersion. The cementitious material is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement. The porous ceramsite is shale ceramsite with a particle size ≤2mm and a bulk density ≤0.85g / cm³. 3 The graphene nanosheets should have a particle size D50 ≤ 3 μm, a thickness of 5-50 nm, and a specific surface area ≥ 600 m². 2 / g, thermal conductivity ≥3500w / m·K, electrical conductivity ≥100S / m; the dispersion is a polycarboxylic acid solution with a solid content ≥35%; the thickness of the carbon fiber mesh should be ≤200μm, and the mesh size should be 0.3~0.8mm.

[0014] The internal filling layer M has the requirements of being lightweight, heat-insulating, and energy-storing. In terms of heat insulation, it serves as both the internal filler and the heat insulation layer; in terms of energy storage, it serves as the electrolyte component of the supercapacitor. Its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: bulk density 300~350 kg / m³. 3Thermal conductivity 0.07~0.08 W / m·K; Ionic conductivity ≥0.03 mS / cm; Resistivity ≤50 Ω·cm.

[0015] The raw material components selected for the internal filling layer M, by weight, are: 80 parts red mud, 15 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sodium silicate, 2-3 parts aluminum powder, 3-5 parts foaming stabilizer; 1-2 parts potassium hydroxide, 1-2 parts potassium chloride, 2-5 parts iron oxide powder, and 55-60 parts mixing water. The red mud is the undisturbed red mud discharged from the Bayer process of aluminum electrolysis; the metakaolin is kaolin powder obtained by calcining at 750-850℃; the sodium silicate has a modulus of 1.2-1.5; the aluminum powder is foaming aluminum powder with a mesh size of 100-150 and an active aluminum content ≥98%; the foaming stabilizer is a compound of polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether, with a mass ratio of 1:(0.4-0.45):(0.2-0.3), and the solid content of the compounded foaming stabilizer is ≥40%.

[0016] The upper surface layer S has good adhesion properties, and its upper part serves as the interface for installation as an external decorative / functional layer. Its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: compressive strength ≥ 30 MPa; flexural strength ≥ 8 MPa; water resistance ≥ 5 MPa; adhesive strength ≥ 1 MPa; tensile failure strain ≥ 8%. To achieve the above technical objectives, the selected raw material components, by weight, are: 50 parts ordinary Portland cement, 15-20 parts calcium carbonate powder, 30-40 parts quartz sand, 15-20 parts polymer emulsion, 5-10 parts silica fume, and defoaming agent. The mixture contains 0.1-0.2 parts of a thickener, 1-1.5 parts of a dispersant, 0.05-0.1 parts of a thickener, 0.3-0.5 parts of a hydrophobic agent, and 50-60 parts of mixing water; the polymer emulsion is water-soluble carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex; the calcium carbonate powder is 400-600 mesh heavy calcium carbonate powder; the quartz sand is 10-60 mesh continuously graded quartz sand; the defoamer is polyethylene glycol-rosin composite defoamer; the dispersant is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency dispersant; the thickener is methyl cellulose ether with a molecular weight of 10-20W; and the hydrophobic agent is a stearic acid hydrophobic agent.

[0017] A method for preparing a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage and heat insulation, wherein the production and assembly process of the building panel includes the following steps: (1) forming the structural frame G; (2) installing T-shaped metal embedded parts and L-shaped metal embedded parts; (3) constructing the interface functional layer D; (4) pouring the internal filling layer M; (5) pouring the upper surface layer S.

[0018] The building panel of this invention features an external structural layer, including a surface functional layer and energy storage control devices, on its upper surface layer S, designed according to the building's usage requirements. Typical applications include decorative panels / glass and photovoltaic panels on building exteriors. The surface functional layer requires the selection of appropriate materials based on the building's design requirements for facade function, color, and material. Depending on the actual project, it can be assembled and installed in the factory using pre-embedded T-shaped and L-shaped metal parts, or it can be installed on-site. The energy storage control device is the control and regulation unit for the panel's electrical storage; its circuit design and installation must be tailored to the overall building design and application scenario. This invention only relates to the material and processing technology of the building panel and its performance testing; it does not target the application design of the surface functional layer for specific building forms.

[0019] The molding process of the structural frame G includes: (1) weighing the corresponding cementitious materials, aggregates, composite admixtures and other powder materials according to the designed raw material mix ratio, adding an appropriate amount of wetting water, and mixing them in a stirring device; (2) dissolving the water-reducing additives in the remaining mixing water, adding them to the stirring device and continuing to stir; (3) uniformly sieving the weighed toughening fibers into the mixing chamber, and after all the toughening fibers have been sieved in and dispersed evenly, closing the sealing door of the mixing chamber and continuing to stir for 5 minutes; (4) after stirring, casting in the assembled mold, then covering the upper surface with a film and curing at 60±5℃ for 24 hours, and demolding after curing. The amount of each raw material used in the structural frame G needs to be adjusted and determined according to the quality of the raw materials and test data; the key performance indicators of the materials used in the preparation process should meet the following requirements: fresh slurry fluidity ≥200mm; 1d compressive strength ≥60MPa; 28d compressive strength ≥90MPa, flexural strength ≥26MPa, and tensile strength ≥8MPa.

[0020] The construction process of the interface functional layer D includes: (1) Preparation of graphene nanosheet dispersion: Add graphene nanosheets to a dispersion of 50 parts by weight, and ultrasonically disperse for 2 hours to obtain graphene nanosheet dispersion; (2) Conductive aggregate treatment: Using porous ceramsite as a carrier, ceramsite is soaked in graphene nanosheet dispersion, and then the dispersion is transferred to a stainless steel reactor and subjected to hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 12 hours; after treatment, the ceramsite is filtered and dried in a 60°C forced-air drying oven for 2 hours to obtain conductive aggregate; (3) Preparation of composite slurry: Add half of the mixing water to the conductive aggregate to wet it, put it into a mixer, and start stirring at 100 r / min. During the stirring process, slowly add the gelling material; after the gelling material is added, continue stirring for 3 minutes; add the remaining half of the mixing water, and stir at 300 r / min on the mixer. Stir at n rate for 3 min to obtain composite slurry; (4) Corrosion treatment and bonding of carbon fiber mesh: Arrange the cut carbon fiber mesh in a mixture of 1 mol / L concentrated HNO3 and 2 mol / L concentrated H2SO4 and heat treat it at 60℃ for 2 h; After treatment, rinse repeatedly with deionized water until neutral; Apply the prepared composite slurry to the inner surface of the already formed structural frame G, with the coating thickness controlled at 2~3 mm, and then bond the corrosion-treated carbon fiber mesh cut according to the inner surface size of the structural frame G; (5) Secondary loading and curing of graphene nanosheets: Place the structural frame G with the bonded carbon fiber mesh in an environment of 80℃ and relative humidity ≥90% for 48 h. During the curing process, continuously spray graphene nanosheet dispersion on the surface of the constructed carbon fiber mesh 8~10 times, and the time interval between two sprays should be greater than 3 h.

[0021] The casting process of the internal filling layer M includes: (1) Drying: Drying the original red mud at a temperature of 80°C for 0.5-1h, and controlling the moisture content of the material after drying to be <2%; (2) Grinding: Grinding and dispersing the dried red mud using a ball mill for 5-10min, and controlling the particle size of the material after grinding to be ≤3% on a 45μm sieve; (3) Mixing: Weighing red mud, metakaolin, and aluminum powder according to the proportion, adding 70% mixing water, mixing and stirring, and mixing at a speed of 300rpm / min for 5min on a mixer to form a slurry mixture; then adding sodium silicate, foaming stabilizer, potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, iron oxide powder and 30% mixing water to the slurry, and continuing to stir at a speed of 150-200rpm / min for 3min to form a foamed slurry; (4) Casting and foaming: Casting the mixed slurry into the already formed structural frame grid G ​​space, with a casting slurry mass of 30-35kg / m 2After pouring, place it in an environment with a temperature of 60℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 hours; (5) Static curing: place it in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 days. After curing, use a cutting machine to cut off the excess material along the upper surface.

[0022] The casting process of the upper surface layer S includes the following steps: (1) Dispersion of liquid materials: Add thickener to the mixing water, place it in a mixer, and stir for 5-8 minutes at a speed of 500 r / min. Then add dispersant, defoamer, hydrophobic agent and polymer emulsion, and stir for 3 minutes at a speed of 150 r / min; (2) Mixing of powder materials: Add cement, quartz sand, calcium carbonate powder and silica fume to the mixer, stir and disperse for 3 minutes at a speed of 200 r / min; (3) Mixing of slurry materials: Keep the powder materials stirred at a speed of 100 r / min, and slowly add the dispersed liquid materials; after the addition is completed, increase the speed to 300 r / min and continue stirring for 3 minutes; (4) Casting and curing: Cast the mixed slurry to the upper part of the inner filling layer M of the board with the mold installed, and control the casting thickness to 20±2 mm; after casting, place the multifunctional building board in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 24 hours.

[0023] The basic principle of this invention:

[0024] This invention relates to a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation. Its structural load-bearing function is primarily achieved through a structural frame G, which serves as the main structural load-bearing component of the panel. The structural frame G possesses high mechanical properties, high durability, and certain electrochemical stability and conductivity, while also providing high load-bearing capacity for the panel and fulfilling other functions. Within the structural frame G, T-shaped and L-shaped metal embeddings are pre-embedded in the vertical partitions to facilitate energy transfer between the external environment and the internal energy storage units. These T-shaped and L-shaped metal embeddings also improve the connection reliability between the structural frame G and the upper surface layer S, and serve as mounting carriers for the structural functional layers, acting as anchors for structural stress. The interface functional layer D is a functional component attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G, located between the internal frame and the internal filling layer M. It possesses high specific surface area, high conductivity, good mechanical properties, and electrochemical stability, meeting the energy storage requirements of the panel. The internal filling layer M is the internal filler component of the board, characterized by its lightweight and porous nature. This reduces the overall weight of the board while its low thermal conductivity provides excellent thermal insulation. Simultaneously, the porous structure can store ions and provide channels for ion transport, meeting the board's energy storage requirements. The thermal insulation function is primarily achieved through the low thermal conductivity of the internal filling layer M, while the energy storage function is realized through a supercapacitor formed by the interface functional layer D and the internal filling layer M. The upper surface layer S serves as the encapsulation and protective layer of the board, enabling it to meet the functional requirements of the building structure.

[0025] The structural frame G primarily bears the structural load of the panels while ensuring the proper functioning of other panels. Therefore, it requires high mechanical properties and volumetric stability. To meet functional requirements, the structural frame G utilizes carbon fiber reinforced composite cementitious materials with a low water-cement ratio. Low water-cement ratio cementitious materials, such as ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), possess excellent mechanical and durability properties, with compressive strength reaching 130–200 MPa and flexural tensile strength exceeding 10 MPa, representing a 3–5 times improvement compared to traditional concrete. Based on its superior mechanical properties, a grid-like hollow structure design can be implemented to reduce the material usage and volume of the structural frame G while achieving good load-bearing and stability in the wall panels. This provides space for other functional components of the panels, allowing them to work together to achieve structural-functional integration.

[0026] The structural frame G employs a low water-cement ratio design during its fabrication process, achieving close packing of cementitious materials and aggregates. This optimizes the raw material gradation of the structural frame G, resulting in minimal internal pores and excellent resistance to external erosion and penetration. This not only protects the panels from harmful environmental media during use but also prevents corrosion and leakage of ions / media from other internal functional layers, ensuring the realization of its insulation and energy storage functions. To enhance the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of the low water-cement ratio cement-based composite material of the structural frame G, carbon fiber is used as a reinforcing component. Compared to steel fibers commonly used in UHPC, carbon fiber boasts higher tensile strength, lighter weight, and certain electrical conductivity and energy storage capabilities. It effectively reduces the weight of the multifunctional building panels, meeting the requirements of prefabricated construction. Furthermore, it exhibits better compatibility and bonding reliability with the interface functional layer D, and together with the interface functional layer D, it fulfills the electrode function of the structural capacitor.

[0027] Supercapacitor electrodes store charge through electrostatic adsorption. Carbon materials such as graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, and graphene possess long-term cycling stability and are commonly used in electrode material preparation. This invention utilizes multilayer graphene oxide nanosheets as the electrode active material. Graphene is a high-performance nanomaterial with small particles and a large specific surface area, thus exhibiting small size effects, surface effects, quantum effects, and interface effects. Graphene's electron mobility exceeds 15000 cm⁻¹. 2 / (V•S), while the resistivity is only about 10 -6 With a low resistivity (Ω•cm), graphene also possesses excellent thermal conductivity, reaching up to 5300 W / m•K, making it an ideal electrode active material. This invention utilizes graphene nanosheets with a thickness of 5 nm to 50 nm, whose properties are closer to those of monolayer graphene oxide. To overcome the aggregation of graphene nanosheets and improve their electrical properties, this invention employs a polycarboxylic acid solution for dispersion. Through the adsorption of carboxylic acid molecules and steric hindrance, the hydrophobic graphene nanosheets acquire a certain degree of hydrophilicity, improving the compatibility and dispersion ability of graphene nanosheets with cement-based materials, making them suitable as electrode active materials in cement-based composite materials.

[0028] To improve the effective density of the electrode material in the functional layer D of the interface, this invention incorporates graphene nanosheets into the transition interface slurry through a secondary support method. First, porous ceramsite is used as the primary support for the graphene nanosheets. Porous ceramsite is a lightweight, high-strength, porous functional material widely used in construction, environmental protection, and agriculture. Its low density and porous structure provide excellent adsorption properties, and it is also commonly used as aggregate in lightweight insulating concrete. This invention utilizes a vacuum hydrothermal method to prepare conductive aggregates, embedding the graphene nanosheets within the porous structure of the aggregates. During the hardening process of the adhesive slurry prepared from the conductive aggregates, a secondary support of the graphene nanosheets within the transition interface slurry is achieved through spraying under moist heat curing conditions. By using cement as a binder and ceramsite as aggregate to support graphene nanosheets, a cement-based slurry with a high water-cement ratio (>1) is prepared. During the hydration and hardening process, as water is lost, the space occupied by water will continuously form a large number of pore defects. In this process, the graphene nanosheet dispersion is sprayed repeatedly, which can effectively increase the graphene nanosheet content at the electrode transition interface and improve the electrical performance of the electrode material.

[0029] This invention utilizes etched carbon fiber mesh as a current collector for loading active materials. Carbon fiber is an excellent electrode current collector material, possessing superior mechanical properties, chemical / electrochemical stability, and good conductivity. However, due to its low specific surface area and surface activity, the electrochemical storage capacity of carbon fiber electrodes is very small. Therefore, the carbon fiber mesh needs to be pre-etched; this etching process improves the surface defects and the load-bearing capacity of the conductive medium on the carbon fiber mesh.

[0030] Red mud is a byproduct of the alumina industrial production process. my country's electrolytic aluminum industry is massive, with annual emissions exceeding 100 million tons. Large stockpiles of red mud not only occupy land but also severely impact the environment and the industry's sustainable development. Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste, primarily composed of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, and K, with a pH range generally between 10 and 13. The content of Al₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃ typically exceeds 50%, and its main minerals include hematite, nepheline, calcite, boehmite, and gibbsite. The microstructure of red mud is relatively loose, mainly composed of irregularly shaped red mud particles. These undisturbed red mud aggregates possess abundant pores with diameters approximately 0.2–0.5 μm. The particles exhibit a large specific surface area, high water absorption, and strong water retention, providing storage and transport channels for Fe and Al ions, making it an ideal solid electrolyte matrix material. Combining chemical foaming technology can further improve its porosity and pore structure, achieving a stable porous physical structure for the internal material. Metakaolin, a product of kaolin activated at high temperature, is a highly active aluminosilicate raw material. Under alkaline conditions, it can polymerize to form aluminosilicate cementitious materials with an amorphous to semi-crystalline three-dimensional structure. This invention utilizes sodium silicate as an activation agent and metakaolin as a polymerizing agent to achieve a certain mechanical strength for the internal filling material. Aluminum powder is used as a foaming agent to achieve foaming of the internal filling material. Aluminum powder releases hydrogen gas when reacting with water and alkaline substances, which can form pores inside the material, making it a good chemical foaming agent. At the same time, the addition of aluminum powder increases the concentration of iron and aluminum ions in the internal filling component, improving the conductivity of the internal filling material. A self-made foaming stabilizer is used to improve the stability of the structure after foaming. The foaming stabilizer is compounded from polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether. Polycarboxylic acid molecules, as macromolecular surfactants, improve particle dispersion in slurry states by adsorbing onto the surface of powder materials through carboxyl groups. Polyacrylamide, a water-soluble polymer, can increase foam viscosity and reduce foam flowability, thus exhibiting a certain foam stabilizing effect. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, an anionic surfactant, has both foaming and foam-stabilizing effects. Polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ethers further stabilize the compounded material and provide a certain air-entraining effect, increasing the content of small bubbles in the material. To ensure sufficient ions and pH value in the material, potassium hydroxide and potassium chloride are added to increase K+. + The content of potassium hydroxide is used to control the pH value of the slurry to ≥13; iron oxide powder is added to increase the Fe content. 3+ Increase content to improve electrical performance.

[0031] Foamed concrete is a widely used lightweight thermal insulation building material, commonly made from materials such as cement, fly ash, mineral powder, and lime. Red mud has a complex composition and highly random physical state, resulting in limited mature experience in foaming technology. This invention, combining the physicochemical properties of red mud, experimentally determined a foaming preparation technology using red mud as the main raw material, elucidating the relationship between foaming ratio, material strength, composition, and preparation process. Raw red mud often exists as irregular aggregates, which can be dispersed by mechanical grinding and the addition of surface-active components. In the batching process, red mud, metakaolin, aluminum powder, and other separate materials are first dispersed by high-speed stirring. Then, other components and remaining mixing water are added, and stirring continues at a lower speed to prevent the already generated air bubbles from being broken up. Finally, pouring and curing are carried out.

[0032] The top layer S needs to possess good durability and sealing properties, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional cement-based materials such as poor deformation resistance and insufficient adhesion. Polymer emulsions are used to improve the deformation resistance and impermeability of cement-based materials. Polymer emulsions are commonly used waterproofing components in cement-based materials; through self-polymerization to form a film, they improve the toughness and impermeability of the cement-based materials. This invention uses carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex with a high glass transition temperature and excellent hydrophilicity, which can meet the good deformation resistance and impermeability requirements of the top layer while also possessing a certain rigidity to meet the needs of the board. To achieve good mechanical properties and impermeability of the top layer, three functional fillers with different particle size distributions—silica fume (nm level), calcium powder (μm level), and quartz sand (mm level)—are selected to improve the material's density and mechanical strength. In the preparation of organic-inorganic composite materials, how to effectively disperse the two components is a crucial factor affecting the achievement of the target performance. To achieve effective dispersion and polymerization of emulsion and cement-based powder, this invention uses defoamers to reduce air bubbles introduced during slurry mixing, dispersants to improve the dispersion between powder particles, thickeners to prevent compatibility between powder and liquid and prevent bleeding and stratification, and hydrophobic agents to reduce agglomeration between powder particles. At the same time, it improves the water resistance of the molded material. Through the above technical means, the key technical objectives of the topcoat layer S are achieved.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention, through the structural design of four parts—the structural frame G, the interface functional layer D, the internal filling layer M, and the upper surface layer S—and the material composition design of different layers, forms a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation. It not only has the structural load-bearing and thermal insulation functions of a building wall, meeting the needs of prefabricated construction, but also forms a building-structure supercapacitor with energy storage function. The interface functional layer D on the inner surface of the structural frame G acts as an electrode, and the internal filling layer M acts as an electrolyte. It can store new energy power such as solar and wind power generated by the building, and meet the building's daily electricity needs through the release of electricity, thus contributing to the realization of "zero-carbon buildings". Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multifunctional building panel of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation and arrangement of the functional components of the multifunctional building panel of the present invention.

[0036] The markings in the diagram are: 1. Structural frame G; 2. Interface functional layer D; 3. Internal filling layer M; 4. Upper surface layer S; 5. T-shaped metal embedded part; 6. L-shaped metal embedded part; 7. Decorative layer / photovoltaic panel; 8. Energy storage control device. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To better understand the present invention, the following embodiments further illustrate the content of the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation comprises four parts: a structural frame G1, an interface functional layer D2, an internal filling layer M3, and an upper surface layer S4. The structural frame G1 is the main load-bearing structural layer of the multifunctional building panel, possessing high load-bearing capacity. The structural frame G1 consists of a base plate and vertical partition plates, which divide the structural frame G1 into squares, each square being an energy storage unit. T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6 are pre-embedded in the vertical partition plates of the structural frame G1. Energy transfer between the internal energy storage unit and the outside world is achieved through T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6; the interface functional layer D2 is attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G1, and has high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties and electrochemical stability, providing energy storage function; the internal filling layer M3 is located on the interface functional layer D2, and has the characteristics of being lightweight and porous, with good thermal insulation capacity, and also has energy storage function; the upper surface layer S4 is applied to the internal filling layer M3, serving as the encapsulation and protective layer of the multifunctional building panel.

[0040] A method for preparing a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage and heat insulation includes the following steps: (1) forming the structural frame G1; (2) installing the T-shaped metal embedded part 5 and the L-shaped metal embedded part 6; (3) constructing the interface functional layer D2; (4) pouring the internal filling layer M3; and (5) pouring the upper surface layer S4.

[0041] The structural frame G1 has a base plate thickness of 20mm; vertical partition plate thickness of 8mm; spacing of 200mm; interface functional layer D2 thickness of 2.23mm; internal filling layer M3 thickness of 80mm; and upper surface layer S4 thickness of 18mm. The size of the plates is designed according to specific requirements such as building form and installation location. During the production process, T / L type metal connectors can be pre-embedded at suitable locations on the plates, taking into account application scenarios, prefabricated construction and installation requirements, and used as connections for external energy storage functional devices and installation carriers for external decorative layers / photovoltaic power generation panels.

[0042] The structural framework G comprises the following raw material components by weight: 35 parts cementitious material, 12 parts composite admixture, 45 parts aggregate, 2 parts toughening fiber, 2.5 parts chemical admixture, and 10 parts mixing water. The cementitious material is selected from 52.5 grade silicate cement or ordinary silicate cement. The composite admixture is selected from silica fume, grade I fly ash with good sphericity, and high-strength vitrified microspheres. The amount of the three is based on the particle size distribution of the raw materials and is compounded in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:1. The aggregate is selected from quartz sand that has been screened and matched according to particle size distribution, with a fineness modulus of 2.8. The toughening fiber is selected from carbon fiber. The chemical admixture is composed of polycarboxylate mother liquor, alcohols with a molecular weight <80, and alkyl sulfonates. After compounding, the solid content of the chemical admixture is ≥45%, and the water reduction rate is ≥40%.

[0043] The forming process of the structural frame G includes: (1) weighing the corresponding cementitious materials, aggregates, composite admixtures and other powder materials according to the designed raw material mix ratio, adding an appropriate amount of wetting water, and mixing them in a mixing device; (2) dissolving the water-reducing additives in the remaining mixing water, adding them to the mixing device and continuing to mix; (3) uniformly sieving the weighed toughening fibers into the mixing chamber, and after all the toughening fibers have been sieved in and dispersed evenly, closing the sealing door of the mixing chamber and continuing to mix for 5 minutes; (4) after mixing, pouring in the assembled mold, then covering the upper surface with a film and curing at 60±5℃ for 24 hours, and demolding after curing; at the same time, after the slurry is poured, T-shaped metal embedded parts and L-shaped metal embedded parts need to be installed before the slurry hardens.

[0044] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the structural frame G slurry in this embodiment are as follows: fresh slurry flowability 215mm; 1-day compressive strength 63MPa; 28-day compressive strength 107MPa; flexural strength 29MPa; and tensile strength 8.6MPa.

[0045] The raw materials selected for the interface functional layer D include carbon fiber mesh and composite slurry. The carbon fiber mesh is cut according to the inner surface area of ​​the structural frame G. The raw material components of the composite slurry, by weight, are: 40 parts cementitious material; 35 parts porous ceramsite; 100 parts mixing water; 2 parts graphene nanosheets; and 100 parts dispersion. The cementitious material is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement. The porous ceramsite is shale ceramsite with a particle size ≤2mm and a bulk density of 0.82g / cm³. 3 The measured physical properties of the graphene nanosheets are as follows: particle size D50 2.77 μm, specific surface area 650 m². 2 / g, thermal conductivity 4100w / m·K, electrical conductivity 185S / m; the dispersion is a polycarboxylic acid solution with a solid content of 38.5%; the carbon fiber mesh has a thickness of 183μm and a mesh size of 0.6mm.

[0046] The construction process of the interface functional layer D includes: (1) Preparation of graphene nanosheet dispersion: Add graphene nanosheets to a dispersion of 50 parts by weight and ultrasonically disperse for 2 hours to obtain graphene nanosheet dispersion; (2) Conductive aggregate treatment: Using porous ceramsite as a carrier, ceramsite is soaked in graphene nanosheet dispersion, and then the dispersion is transferred to a stainless steel reactor and subjected to hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 12 hours; after treatment, the ceramsite is filtered and dried in a 60°C forced-air drying oven for 2 hours to obtain conductive aggregate; (3) Preparation of composite slurry: Add half of the mixing water to the conductive aggregate to wet it, put it into a mixer, and start stirring at 100 r / min. During the stirring process, slowly add the gelling material; after the gelling material is added, continue stirring for 3 minutes; add the remaining half of the mixing water and stir at 300 r / min on the mixer. Stir at a rate of 3 min to obtain a composite slurry; (4) Corrosion treatment and bonding of carbon fiber mesh: Arrange the cut carbon fiber mesh in a mixture of 1 mol / L concentrated HNO3 and 2 mol / L concentrated H2SO4 and heat treat it at 60℃ for 2 h; After treatment, rinse repeatedly with deionized water until neutral; Apply the prepared composite slurry to the inner surface of the already formed structural frame G, with the coating thickness controlled at 2~3 mm, and then bond the carbon fiber mesh cut according to the inner surface size of the structural frame G after corrosion treatment; (5) Secondary loading and curing of graphene nanosheets: Place the structural frame G with the bonded carbon fiber mesh in an environment of 80℃ and relative humidity ≥90% for 48 h. During the curing process, continuously spray the graphene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the constructed carbon fiber mesh 8~10 times, with a time interval of 3.5 h between two sprays.

[0047] The interface functional layer D functions as the electrode material of the capacitor. Its key performance indicators, as measured, are: structural thickness 2.23 mm; bond strength 2.3 MPa; and areal capacitance 616 F / m². 2 .

[0048] The raw material components selected for the internal filling layer M, by weight, are: 80 parts red mud, 15 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sodium silicate, 2 parts aluminum powder, 3 parts foaming stabilizer; 1 part potassium hydroxide, 1 part potassium chloride, 2 parts iron oxide powder, and 55 parts mixing water. The red mud is virgin red mud discharged from the Bayer process of aluminum electrolysis; the metakaolin is kaolin powder obtained by calcining at 750-850℃; the sodium silicate has a modulus of 1.2-1.5; the aluminum powder is foaming aluminum powder with a mesh size of 100-150 and an active aluminum content ≥98%; the foaming stabilizer is a compound of polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether, with a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.3, and the solid content of the compounded foaming stabilizer is ≥40%.

[0049] The casting process of the internal filling layer M includes: (1) Drying: Drying the original red mud at a temperature of 80°C for 0.5-1h, and controlling the moisture content of the material after drying to be <2%; (2) Grinding: Grinding and dispersing the dried red mud using a ball mill for 5-10min, and controlling the particle size of the material after grinding to be ≤3% on a 45μm sieve; (3) Mixing: Weighing red mud, metakaolin, and aluminum powder according to the proportion, adding 70% mixing water, mixing and stirring, and mixing at a speed of 300rpm / min for 5min on a mixer to form a slurry mixture; then adding sodium silicate, foaming stabilizer, potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, iron oxide powder and 30% mixing water to the slurry, and continuing to stir at a speed of 150-200rpm / min for 3min to form a foamed slurry; (4) Casting and foaming: Casting the mixed slurry into the already formed structural frame grid G ​​space, with a casting slurry mass of 30-35kg / m 2 After pouring, place it in an environment with a temperature of 60℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 hours; (5) Static curing: place it in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 days. After curing, use a cutting machine to cut off the excess material along the upper surface.

[0050] The measured key performance indicators of the internal filling layer M are: bulk density 337 kg / m³ 3 It has a thermal conductivity of 0.0723 W / m·K, an ionic conductivity of 0.034 mS / cm, and a resistivity of 32.3 Ω·cm. It meets the requirements of being lightweight, heat-insulating, and energy-storing. In terms of heat insulation, it serves as an internal filler and insulation layer; in terms of energy storage, it acts as the electrolyte component of a supercapacitor.

[0051] The raw material components selected for the upper surface layer S, by weight, are: 50 parts ordinary silicate cement, 15 parts calcium carbonate powder, 30 parts quartz sand, 15 parts polymer emulsion, 5 parts silica fume, 0.1 parts defoamer, 1 part dispersant, 0.05 parts thickener, 0.3 parts hydrophobic agent, and 50 parts mixing water; the polymer emulsion is water-soluble carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex; the calcium carbonate powder is 400-600 mesh heavy calcium carbonate powder; the quartz sand is 10-60 mesh continuously graded quartz sand; the defoamer is polyethylene glycol-rosin composite defoamer; the dispersant is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency dispersant; the thickener is methyl cellulose ether with a molecular weight of 10-20W; and the hydrophobic agent is a stearic acid hydrophobic agent.

[0052] The casting process of the upper surface layer S includes the following steps: (1) Dispersion of liquid materials: Add thickener to the mixing water, place it in a mixer, and stir for 5-8 minutes at a speed of 500 r / min. Then add dispersant, defoamer, hydrophobic agent and polymer emulsion, and stir for 3 minutes at a speed of 150 r / min; (2) Mixing of powder materials: Add cement, quartz sand, calcium carbonate powder and silica fume to the mixer, stir and disperse for 3 minutes at a speed of 200 r / min; (3) Mixing of slurry materials: Keep the powder materials stirred at a speed of 100 r / min, and slowly add the dispersed liquid materials; after the addition is completed, increase the speed to 300 r / min and continue stirring for 3 minutes; (4) Casting and curing: Cast the mixed slurry to the upper part of the inner filling layer M of the board with the mold installed, and control the casting thickness to 20±2 mm; after casting, place the multifunctional building board in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 24 hours.

[0053] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the upper surface layer S are as follows: compressive strength 34.3 MPa; flexural strength 8.9 MPa; water permeability resistance pressure 6.3 MPa; adhesive strength 1.9 MPa; tensile failure limit strain 11.5%.

[0054] In this embodiment, the various layers of the board are manufactured using inorganic non-metallic composite materials of different components according to the above steps, forming a multifunctional building board integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation. Its key performance indicators, as measured, are: density 1890 kg / m³. 3 It has a compressive strength of 18.7 MPa and a thermal conductivity of 0.115 W / m·K. Under environmental conditions of -20 to 45℃ and relative humidity of 0 to 90%, the multifunctional building panel exhibits stable volume and function, without cracking, with a volume change rate not exceeding 0.4%, and a storage energy density of 16.7 W·h / m³. 2 .

[0055] Example 2

[0056] like Figure 1-2As shown, a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation comprises four parts: a structural frame G1, an interface functional layer D2, an internal filling layer M3, and an upper surface layer S4. The structural frame G1 is the main load-bearing structural layer of the multifunctional building panel, possessing high load-bearing capacity. The structural frame G1 consists of a base plate and vertical partition plates, which divide the structural frame G1 into squares, each square being an energy storage unit. T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6 are pre-embedded in the vertical partition plates of the structural frame G1. Energy transfer between the internal energy storage unit and the outside world is achieved through T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6; the interface functional layer D2 is attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G1, and has high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties and electrochemical stability, providing energy storage function; the internal filling layer M3 is located on the interface functional layer D2, and has the characteristics of being lightweight and porous, with good thermal insulation capacity, and also has energy storage function; the upper surface layer S4 is applied to the internal filling layer M3, serving as the encapsulation and protective layer of the multifunctional building panel.

[0057] A method for preparing a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage and heat insulation, wherein the production and assembly process of the building panel includes the following steps: (1) forming the structural frame G1; (2) installing the T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6; (3) constructing the interface functional layer D2; (4) pouring the internal filling layer M3; (5) pouring the upper surface layer S4.

[0058] The structural frame G1 has a base plate thickness of 25mm; vertical partition plates with a thickness of 9mm and a spacing of 300mm; interface functional layer D2 with a thickness of 2.65mm; internal filling layer M3 with a thickness of 90mm; and upper surface layer S4 with a thickness of 20mm. The size of the panels is designed in accordance with the specific requirements of the building form and installation location. During the production process, bolts and connectors can also be pre-embedded at appropriate locations on the panels to serve as connections for external energy storage devices and as mounting carriers for external decorative layers / photovoltaic panels, taking into account application scenarios, prefabricated construction, and installation requirements.

[0059] The structural framework G comprises the following raw material components by weight: 37 parts cementitious material, 15 parts composite admixture, 50 parts aggregate, 2.5 parts toughening fiber, 5 parts chemical admixture, and 11 parts mixing water. The cementitious material is selected from 52.5 grade silicate cement or ordinary silicate cement. The composite admixture is selected from silica fume, grade I fly ash with good sphericity, and high-strength vitrified microspheres. The amount of the three is based on the particle size distribution of the raw materials and is compounded in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1. The aggregate is selected from quartz sand that has been screened and matched according to particle size distribution, with a fineness modulus of 2.8. The toughening fiber is selected from carbon fiber. The chemical admixture is composed of polycarboxylate mother liquor, alcohols with a molecular weight <80, and alkyl sulfonates. After compounding, the solid content of the chemical admixture is ≥45%, and the water reduction rate is ≥40%.

[0060] The forming process of the structural frame G includes: (1) weighing the corresponding cementitious materials, aggregates, composite admixtures and other powder materials according to the designed raw material mix ratio, adding an appropriate amount of wetting water, and mixing them in a mixing device; (2) dissolving the water-reducing additives in the remaining mixing water, adding them to the mixing device and continuing to mix; (3) uniformly sieving the weighed toughening fibers into the mixing chamber, and after all the toughening fibers have been sieved in and dispersed evenly, closing the sealing door of the mixing chamber and continuing to mix for 5 minutes; (4) after mixing, pouring in the assembled mold, then covering the upper surface with a film and curing at 60±5℃ for 24 hours, and demolding after curing; at the same time, after the slurry is poured, T-shaped metal embedded parts and L-shaped metal embedded parts need to be installed before the slurry hardens.

[0061] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the structural frame G slurry in this embodiment are as follows: fresh slurry flowability 220mm; 1-day compressive strength 67MPa; 28-day compressive strength 113MPa; flexural strength 31MPa; and tensile strength 8.8MPa.

[0062] The interface functional layer comprises carbon fiber mesh and composite slurry. The carbon fiber mesh is cut according to the inner surface area of ​​the structural frame G. The raw material components of the composite slurry, by weight, are: 45 parts cementitious material; 37 parts porous ceramsite; 110 parts mixing water; 2.5 parts graphene nanosheets; and 120 parts dispersion. The cementitious material is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement. The porous ceramsite is shale ceramsite with a particle size ≤2mm and a bulk density of 0.82g / cm³. 3 The measured physical properties of the graphene nanosheets are as follows: particle size D50 2.77 μm, specific surface area 650 m². 2 / g, thermal conductivity 4100w / m·K, electrical conductivity 185S / m; the dispersion is a polycarboxylic acid solution with a solid content of 38.5%; the carbon fiber mesh has a thickness of 185μm and a mesh size of 0.8mm.

[0063] The construction process of the interface functional layer D includes: (1) Preparation of graphene nanosheet dispersion: Add graphene nanosheets to a dispersion of 50 parts by weight, and ultrasonically disperse for 2 hours to obtain graphene nanosheet dispersion; (2) Conductive aggregate treatment: Using porous ceramsite as a carrier, ceramsite is soaked in graphene nanosheet dispersion, and then the dispersion is transferred to a stainless steel reactor and subjected to hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 12 hours; after treatment, the ceramsite is filtered and dried in a 60°C forced-air drying oven for 2 hours to obtain conductive aggregate; (3) Preparation of composite slurry: Add half of the mixing water to the conductive aggregate to wet it, put it into a mixer, and start stirring at 100 r / min. During the stirring process, slowly add the gelling material; after the gelling material is added, continue stirring for 3 minutes; add the remaining half of the mixing water, and stir at 300 r / min on the mixer. Stir at n rate for 3 min to obtain composite slurry; (4) Corrosion treatment and bonding of carbon fiber mesh: Arrange the cut carbon fiber mesh in a mixture of 1 mol / L concentrated HNO3 and 2 mol / L concentrated H2SO4 and heat treat at 60℃ for 2 h; After treatment, rinse repeatedly with deionized water until neutral; Apply the prepared composite slurry to the inner surface of the formed structural frame G, with the coating thickness controlled at 2~3 mm, and then bond the carbon fiber mesh cut according to the inner surface size of the structural frame G after corrosion treatment; (5) Secondary loading and curing of graphene nanosheets: Place the structural frame G with the bonded carbon fiber mesh in an environment of 80℃ and relative humidity ≥90% for 48 h. During the curing process, continuously spray graphene nanosheet dispersion on the surface of the constructed carbon fiber mesh 8~10 times, with a 3 h interval between two sprays.

[0064] The interface functional layer D functions as the electrode material of the capacitor. Its key performance indicators, as measured, are: structural thickness 2.65 mm; bond strength 2.3 MPa; and areal capacitance 634 F / m². 2 .

[0065] The raw material components selected for the internal filling layer M, by weight, are: 80 parts red mud, 15 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sodium silicate, 2.5 parts aluminum powder, 4 parts foaming stabilizer; 1.5 parts potassium hydroxide, 1.5 parts potassium chloride, 3 parts iron oxide powder, and 58 parts mixing water. The red mud is virgin red mud discharged from the Bayer process of aluminum electrolysis; the metakaolin is kaolin powder obtained by calcining at 750-850℃; the sodium silicate has a modulus of 1.2-1.5; the aluminum powder is foaming aluminum powder with a mesh size of 100-150 and an active aluminum content ≥98%; the foaming stabilizer is a compound of polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether, with a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.2, and the solid content of the compounded foaming stabilizer is ≥40%.

[0066] The casting process of the internal filling layer M includes: (1) Drying: Drying the original red mud at a temperature of 80°C for 0.5-1h, and controlling the moisture content of the material after drying to be <2%; (2) Grinding: Grinding and dispersing the dried red mud using a ball mill for 5-10min, and controlling the particle size of the material after grinding to be ≤3% on a 45μm sieve; (3) Mixing: Weighing red mud, metakaolin, and aluminum powder according to the proportion, adding 70% mixing water, mixing and stirring, and mixing at a speed of 300rpm / min for 5min on a mixer to form a slurry mixture; then adding sodium silicate, foaming stabilizer, potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, iron oxide powder and 30% mixing water to the slurry, and continuing to stir at a speed of 150-200rpm / min for 3min to form a foamed slurry; (4) Casting and foaming: Casting the mixed slurry into the already formed structural frame grid G ​​space, with a casting slurry mass of 30-35kg / m 2 After pouring, place it in an environment with a temperature of 60℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 hours; (5) Static curing: place it in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 days. After curing, use a cutting machine to cut off the excess material along the upper surface.

[0067] The measured key performance indicators of the internal filling layer M are: bulk density 323 kg / m³ 3 It has a thermal conductivity of 0.0731 W / m·K, an ionic conductivity of 0.041 mS / cm, and a resistivity of 29.5 Ω·cm. It meets the requirements of being lightweight, heat-insulating, and energy-storing. In terms of heat insulation, it serves as an internal filler and insulation layer; in terms of energy storage, it acts as the electrolyte component of a supercapacitor.

[0068] The raw material components selected for the upper surface layer S, by weight, are: 50 parts ordinary silicate cement, 18 parts calcium carbonate powder, 35 parts quartz sand, 18 parts polymer emulsion, 8 parts silica fume, 0.15 parts defoamer, 1.2 parts dispersant, 0.08 parts thickener, 0.4 parts hydrophobic agent, and 55 parts mixing water; the polymer emulsion is water-soluble carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex; the calcium carbonate powder is 400-600 mesh heavy calcium carbonate powder; the quartz sand is 10-60 mesh continuously graded quartz sand; the defoamer is polyethylene glycol-rosin composite defoamer; the dispersant is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency dispersant; the thickener is methyl cellulose ether with a molecular weight of 10-20W; and the hydrophobic agent is a stearic acid hydrophobic agent.

[0069] The casting process of the upper surface layer S includes the following steps: (1) Dispersion of liquid materials: Add thickener to the mixing water, place it in a mixer, and stir for 5-8 minutes at a speed of 500 r / min. Then add dispersant, defoamer, hydrophobic agent and polymer emulsion, and stir for 3 minutes at a speed of 150 r / min; (2) Mixing of powder materials: Add cement, quartz sand, calcium carbonate powder and silica fume to the mixer, stir and disperse for 3 minutes at a speed of 200 r / min; (3) Mixing of slurry materials: Keep the powder materials stirred at a speed of 100 r / min, and slowly add the dispersed liquid materials; after the addition is completed, increase the speed to 300 r / min and continue stirring for 3 minutes; (4) Casting and curing: Cast the mixed slurry to the upper part of the inner filling layer M of the board with the mold installed, and control the casting thickness to 20±2 mm; after casting, place the multifunctional building board in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 24 hours.

[0070] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the upper surface layer S are as follows: compressive strength 32.1 MPa; flexural strength 8.5 MPa; water permeability resistance pressure 7.1 MPa; adhesive strength 2.4 MPa; tensile failure limit strain 12.7%.

[0071] In this embodiment, the various layers of the board are manufactured using inorganic non-metallic composite materials of different components according to the above steps, forming a multifunctional building board integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation. Its key performance indicators, as measured, are: density 1873 kg / m³. 3 It has a compressive strength of 19.3 MPa and a thermal conductivity of 0.108 W / m·K. Under environmental conditions of -20 to 45℃ and relative humidity of 0 to 90%, the multifunctional building panel exhibits stable volume and function, without cracking, with a volume change rate not exceeding 0.4%, and a storage energy density of 16.9 W·h / m³. 2 .

[0072] Example 3

[0073] like Figure 1-2As shown, a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation comprises four parts: a structural frame G1, an interface functional layer D2, an internal filling layer M3, and an upper surface layer S4. The structural frame G1 is the main load-bearing structural layer of the multifunctional building panel, possessing high load-bearing capacity. The structural frame G1 consists of a base plate and vertical partition plates, which divide the structural frame G1 into squares, each square being an energy storage unit. T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6 are pre-embedded in the vertical partition plates of the structural frame G1. Energy transfer between the internal energy storage unit and the outside world is achieved through T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6; the interface functional layer D2 is attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G1, and has high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties and electrochemical stability, providing energy storage function; the internal filling layer M3 is located on the interface functional layer D2, and has the characteristics of being lightweight and porous, with good thermal insulation capacity, and also has energy storage function; the upper surface layer S4 is applied to the internal filling layer M3, serving as the encapsulation and protective layer of the multifunctional building panel.

[0074] A method for preparing a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage and heat insulation, wherein the production and assembly process of the building panel includes the following steps: (1) forming the structural frame G1; (2) installing the T-shaped metal embedded parts 5 and L-shaped metal embedded parts 6; (3) constructing the interface functional layer D2; (4) pouring the internal filling layer M3; (5) pouring the upper surface layer S4.

[0075] The structural frame G1 has a base plate thickness of 30mm; vertical partition plate thickness of 10mm; spacing of 400mm; interface functional layer D2 thickness of 2.88mm; internal filling layer M3 thickness of 100mm; and upper surface layer S4 thickness of 22mm. The size of the panels is designed according to specific requirements such as building form and installation location. During the production process, bolts and connectors can also be pre-embedded at appropriate locations on the panels to serve as connections for external energy storage devices and installation carriers for external decorative layers / photovoltaic panels, taking into account application scenarios, prefabricated construction, and installation requirements.

[0076] The structural framework G comprises the following raw material components by weight: 40 parts cementitious material, 10 parts composite admixture, 40 parts aggregate, 3 parts toughening fiber, and 4 parts chemical admixture; 13 parts mixing water; the cementitious material is selected from 52.5 grade silicate cement or ordinary silicate cement; the composite admixture is selected from silica fume, grade I fly ash with good sphericity, and high-strength vitrified microspheres, the proportions of which are calculated based on the particle size distribution of the raw materials and the close packing distribution curve, and are compounded in a ratio of 1:0.6:1; the aggregate is selected from quartz sand that has been screened and matched according to particle size distribution, with a fineness modulus of 2.8; the toughening fiber is selected from carbon fiber; the chemical admixture is composed of polycarboxylate mother liquor, alcohols with a molecular weight <80, and alkyl sulfonates, and after compounding, the solid content of the chemical admixture is ≥45%, and the water reduction rate is ≥40%.

[0077] The forming process of the structural frame G includes: (1) weighing the corresponding cementitious materials, aggregates, composite admixtures and other powder materials according to the designed raw material mix ratio, adding an appropriate amount of wetting water, and mixing them in a mixing device; (2) dissolving the water-reducing additives in the remaining mixing water, adding them to the mixing device and continuing to mix; (3) uniformly sieving the weighed toughening fibers into the mixing chamber, and after all the toughening fibers have been sieved in and dispersed evenly, closing the sealing door of the mixing chamber and continuing to mix for 5 minutes; (4) after mixing, pouring in the assembled mold, then covering the upper surface with a film and curing at 60±5℃ for 24 hours, and demolding after curing; at the same time, after the slurry is poured, T-shaped metal embedded parts and L-shaped metal embedded parts need to be installed before the slurry hardens.

[0078] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the structural frame G slurry in this embodiment are as follows: fresh slurry flowability 210 mm; 1-day compressive strength 61 MPa; 28-day compressive strength 98 MPa; flexural strength 28 MPa; and tensile strength 8.1 MPa.

[0079] The interface functional layer D comprises carbon fiber mesh and composite slurry. The carbon fiber mesh is cut according to the inner surface area of ​​the structural frame G. The raw material components of the composite slurry, by weight, are: 50 parts cementitious material; 40 parts porous ceramsite; 120 parts mixing water; 3 parts graphene nanosheets; and 150 parts dispersion. The cementitious material is 42.5 grade ordinary silicate cement. The porous ceramsite is shale ceramsite with a particle size ≤2mm and a bulk density of 0.82g / cm³. 3 The measured physical properties of the graphene nanosheets are as follows: particle size D50 2.77 μm, specific surface area 650 m². 2 / g, thermal conductivity 4100w / m·K, electrical conductivity 185S / m; the dispersion is a polycarboxylic acid solution with a solid content of 38.5%; the carbon fiber mesh is 190μm thick and has a mesh size of 0.3mm.

[0080] The construction process of the interface functional layer D includes: (1) Preparation of graphene nanosheet dispersion: Add graphene nanosheets to a dispersion of 50 parts by weight, and ultrasonically disperse for 2 hours to obtain graphene nanosheet dispersion; (2) Conductive aggregate treatment: Using porous ceramsite as a carrier, ceramsite is soaked in graphene nanosheet dispersion, and then the dispersion is transferred to a stainless steel reactor and subjected to hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 12 hours; after treatment, the ceramsite is filtered and dried in a 60°C forced-air drying oven for 2 hours to obtain conductive aggregate; (3) Preparation of composite slurry: Add half of the mixing water to the conductive aggregate to wet it, put it into a mixer, and start stirring at 100 r / min. During the stirring process, slowly add the gelling material; after the gelling material is added, continue stirring for 3 minutes; add the remaining half of the mixing water, and stir at 300 r / min on the mixer. Stir at n rate for 3 min to obtain composite slurry; (4) Corrosion treatment and bonding of carbon fiber mesh: Arrange the cut carbon fiber mesh in a mixture of 1 mol / L concentrated HNO3 and 2 mol / L concentrated H2SO4 and heat treat at 60℃ for 2 h; After treatment, rinse repeatedly with deionized water until neutral; Apply the prepared composite slurry to the inner surface of the formed structural frame G, with the coating thickness controlled at 2~3 mm, and then bond the carbon fiber mesh cut according to the inner surface size of the structural frame G after corrosion treatment; (5) Secondary loading and curing of graphene nanosheets: Place the structural frame G with the bonded carbon fiber mesh in an environment of 80℃ and relative humidity ≥90% for 48 h. During the curing process, continuously spray graphene nanosheet dispersion on the surface of the constructed carbon fiber mesh 8~10 times, with a time interval of 4 h between two sprays.

[0081] The interface functional layer D functions as the electrode material of the capacitor. Its key performance indicators, as measured, are: structural thickness 2.58 mm; bond strength 1.9 MPa; and areal capacitance 762 F / m². 2 .

[0082] The raw material components selected for the internal filling layer M, by weight, are: 80 parts red mud, 15 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sodium silicate, 3 parts aluminum powder, 5 parts foaming stabilizer; 2 parts potassium hydroxide, 2 parts potassium chloride, 5 parts iron oxide powder, and 60 parts mixing water. The red mud is the undisturbed red mud discharged from the Bayer process of aluminum electrolysis; the metakaolin is kaolin powder obtained by calcining at 750-850℃; the sodium silicate has a modulus of 1.2-1.5; the aluminum powder is foaming aluminum powder with a mesh size of 100-150 and an active aluminum content ≥98%; the foaming stabilizer is a compound of polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether, with a mass ratio of 1:0.45:0.3, and the solid content of the compounded foaming stabilizer is ≥40%.

[0083] The casting process of the internal filling layer M includes: (1) Drying: Drying the original red mud at a temperature of 80°C for 0.5-1h, and controlling the moisture content of the material after drying to be <2%; (2) Grinding: Grinding and dispersing the dried red mud using a ball mill for 5-10min, and controlling the particle size of the material after grinding to be ≤3% on a 45μm sieve; (3) Mixing: Weighing red mud, metakaolin, and aluminum powder according to the proportion, adding 70% mixing water, mixing and stirring, and mixing at a speed of 300rpm / min for 5min on a mixer to form a slurry mixture; then adding sodium silicate, foaming stabilizer, potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, iron oxide powder and 30% mixing water to the slurry, and continuing to stir at a speed of 150-200rpm / min for 3min to form a foamed slurry; (4) Casting and foaming: Casting the mixed slurry into the already formed structural frame grid G ​​space, with a casting slurry mass of 30-35kg / m 2 After pouring, place it in an environment with a temperature of 60℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 hours; (5) Static curing: place it in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 days. After curing, use a cutting machine to cut off the excess material along the upper surface.

[0084] The measured key performance indicators of the internal filling layer M are: bulk density 315 kg / m³ 3 It has a thermal conductivity of 0.0717 W / m·K, an ionic conductivity of 0.046 mS / cm, and a resistivity of 28.3 Ω·cm. It meets the requirements of being lightweight, heat-insulating, and capable of energy storage. In terms of heat insulation, it serves as an internal filler and insulation layer; in terms of energy storage, it acts as the electrolyte component of a supercapacitor.

[0085] The raw material components selected for the upper surface layer S, by weight, are: 50 parts ordinary silicate cement, 20 parts calcium carbonate powder, 40 parts quartz sand, 20 parts polymer emulsion, 10 parts silica fume, 0.2 parts defoamer, 1.5 parts dispersant, 0.1 parts thickener, 0.5 parts hydrophobic agent, and 60 parts mixing water; the polymer emulsion is water-soluble carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex; the calcium carbonate powder is 400-600 mesh heavy calcium carbonate powder; the quartz sand is 10-60 mesh continuously graded quartz sand; the defoamer is polyethylene glycol-rosin composite defoamer; the dispersant is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency dispersant; the thickener is methyl cellulose ether with a molecular weight of 10-20W; and the hydrophobic agent is a stearic acid hydrophobic agent.

[0086] The casting process of the upper surface layer S includes the following steps: (1) Dispersion of liquid materials: Add thickener to the mixing water, place it in a mixer, and stir for 5-8 minutes at a speed of 500 r / min. Then add dispersant, defoamer, hydrophobic agent and polymer emulsion, and stir for 3 minutes at a speed of 150 r / min; (2) Mixing of powder materials: Add cement, quartz sand, calcium carbonate powder and silica fume to the mixer, stir and disperse for 3 minutes at a speed of 200 r / min; (3) Mixing of slurry materials: Keep the powder materials stirred at a speed of 100 r / min, and slowly add the dispersed liquid materials; after the addition is completed, increase the speed to 300 r / min and continue stirring for 3 minutes; (4) Casting and curing: Cast the mixed slurry to the upper part of the inner filling layer M of the board with the mold installed, and control the casting thickness to 20±2 mm; after casting, place the multifunctional building board in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 24 hours.

[0087] The measured values ​​of the key performance indicators of the upper surface layer S are as follows: compressive strength 31.3 MPa; flexural strength 8.3 MPa; water permeability resistance pressure 5.7 MPa; adhesive strength 2.7 MPa; tensile failure limit strain 11.9%.

[0088] In this embodiment, the various layers of the board are manufactured using inorganic non-metallic composite materials of different components according to the above steps, forming a multifunctional building board integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation. Its key performance indicators, as measured, are: density 1950 kg / m³. 3 It has a compressive strength of 20.6 MPa and a thermal conductivity of 0.116 W / m·K. Under environmental conditions of -20 to 45℃ and relative humidity of 0 to 90%, the multifunctional building panel exhibits stable volume and function, does not crack, has a volume change rate of 0.3%, and a storage energy density of 18.3 kW·h / m³. 2 .

[0089] External structural layers, such as a surface functional layer and an energy storage control device 8, are set outside the upper surface layer S4 of the multifunctional building panel of this invention according to the building's usage requirements. Typical scenarios for the surface functional layer include decorative layers on the building's exterior surface / photovoltaic panels 7, etc. The energy storage control device 8 is the control and regulation unit for the panel's power storage; its circuit design and installation require consideration of the overall building design and application scenario. Depending on the actual engineering situation, it can be assembled and installed in the factory using pre-embedded T-shaped metal parts 5 and L-shaped metal parts 6, or it can be installed on-site. This invention only relates to the design of the building panel's materials, processes, and performance; it does not relate to the application design of external structural layers such as the surface functional layer for specific building forms.

[0090] The above embodiments are merely examples illustrating the explanation, specific implementation, and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention. Based on this disclosure, some modifications or improvements without contributing any inventive step can be made, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of this disclosure fall within the scope of protection claimed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation, characterized in that: The structure comprises four parts: a structural frame G, an interface functional layer D, an internal filling layer M, and an upper surface layer S. The structural frame G is the main load-bearing structural layer of the multifunctional building panel, providing load-bearing capacity. The structural frame G consists of a base plate and vertical partitions, which divide the structural frame G into squares, each square being an energy storage unit. T-shaped and L-shaped metal embedded parts are pre-embedded in the vertical partitions of the structural frame G, facilitating energy transfer between the internal energy storage units and the external environment. The interface functional layer D is attached to the inner surface of the structural frame G, possessing high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties, and electrochemical stability, providing energy storage functionality. The internal filling layer M is located above the interface functional layer D, featuring lightweight and porous characteristics, good thermal insulation capabilities, and also serving as an energy storage function. The upper surface layer S is applied to the internal filling layer M, acting as an encapsulation and protective layer for the multifunctional building panel. The various layers of the board are manufactured step-by-step using inorganic non-metallic composite materials of different components, forming a multifunctional building board that integrates structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation. Its key performance indicators are: density ≤2000kg / m³. 3 The compressive strength is ≥15MPa, and the thermal conductivity is ≤0.12W / m·K. Under environmental conditions of -20~45℃ and relative humidity of 0~90%, the multifunctional building panels maintain stable volume and function, do not crack, have a volume change rate ≤0.5%, and a storage energy density ≥15W·h / m³. 2 ; The thickness of the base plate of the structural frame G is 20~30mm; the thickness of the vertical partition plate is 8~10mm; the spacing is 200~400mm; the thickness of the interface functional layer D is 2~3mm; the thickness of the internal filling layer M is 80~100mm; and the thickness of the upper surface layer S is 20±2mm. The interface functional layer D functions as the electrode material of the capacitor, and its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: structural thickness 2~3mm; bond strength ≥1MPa; areal capacitance 500~800F / m. 2 ; The interface functional layer D includes carbon fiber mesh and composite slurry. The carbon fiber mesh is cut according to the inner surface area of ​​the structural frame G. The raw material components of the composite slurry, by weight, are: 40-50 parts of cementitious material; 35-40 parts of porous ceramsite; 100-120 parts of mixing water; 2-3 parts of graphene nanosheets; and 100-150 parts of dispersion. The cementitious material is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement. The porous ceramsite is shale ceramsite with a particle size ≤2mm and a bulk density ≤0.85g / cm³. 3 The graphene nanosheets should have a particle size D50 ≤ 3 μm, a thickness of 5~50 nm, and a specific surface area ≥ 600 m². 2 / g, thermal conductivity ≥3500w / m·K, electrical conductivity ≥100S / m; the dispersion is a polycarboxylic acid solution with a solid content ≥35%; The thickness of the carbon fiber mesh should be ≤200μm, and the mesh size should be 0.3~0.8mm; The construction process of the interface functional layer D includes: (1) Preparation of graphene nanosheet dispersion: Add graphene nanosheets to 50 parts by weight of dispersion and ultrasonically disperse for 2 hours to obtain graphene nanosheet dispersion; (2) Treatment of conductive aggregate: Using porous ceramsite as a carrier, ceramsite is soaked in graphene nanosheet dispersion, and then the dispersion is transferred to a stainless steel reactor and hydrothermally treated at 160°C for 12 hours; after treatment, the ceramsite is filtered and dried in a 60°C forced-air drying oven for 2 hours to obtain conductive aggregate; (3) Preparation of composite slurry: Add half of the mixing water to the conductive aggregate to wet it, put it into a mixer, and start stirring at 100 r / min. During the stirring process, slowly add the gelling material; after the gelling material is added, continue stirring for 3 minutes; add the remaining half of the mixing water and stir at 300 r / min on the mixer. Stir for 3 minutes to obtain composite slurry; (4) Corrosion treatment and bonding of carbon fiber mesh: Arrange the cut carbon fiber mesh in a mixture of 1 mol / L concentrated HNO3 and 2 mol / L concentrated H2SO4 and heat treat it at 60℃ for 2 hours; After treatment, rinse repeatedly with deionized water until neutral; Apply the prepared composite slurry to the inner surface of the already formed structural frame G, with the coating thickness controlled at 2~3 mm, and then bond the carbon fiber mesh cut according to the inner surface size of the structural frame G after corrosion treatment; (5) Secondary loading and curing of graphene nanosheets: Place the structural frame G with the bonded carbon fiber mesh in an environment of 80℃ and relative humidity ≥90% for 48 hours. During the curing process, continuously spray graphene nanosheet dispersion on the surface of the constructed carbon fiber mesh 8~10 times, and the time interval between two sprays should be greater than 3 hours; The internal filling layer M has the requirements of being lightweight, heat-insulating, and energy-storing. In terms of heat insulation, it serves as the internal filler and heat insulation layer; in terms of energy storage, it serves as the electrolyte component of the supercapacitor. Its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: bulk density 300~350 kg / m³. 3 Thermal conductivity 0.07~0.08 W / m·K; Ionic conductivity ≥0.03 mS / cm; Resistivity ≤50 Ω·cm; The raw material components selected for the internal filling layer M, by weight, are: 80 parts red mud, 15 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sodium silicate, 2-3 parts aluminum powder, 3-5 parts foaming stabilizer; 1-2 parts potassium hydroxide, 1-2 parts potassium chloride, 2-5 parts iron oxide powder, and 55-60 parts mixing water; the red mud is the original red mud discharged from the Bayer process of aluminum electrolysis; the metakaolin is kaolin powder obtained by calcining at 750-850℃; the sodium silicate has a modulus of 1.2-1.5; the aluminum powder is foaming aluminum powder with a mesh size of 100-150 and an active aluminum content ≥98%; the foaming stabilizer is compounded from polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, polyacrylamide, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and polyethylene glycol-type alkyl acid polyoxyethylene ether, with a mass ratio of 1:(0.4-0.45):(0.2-0.3), and the solid content of the compounded foaming stabilizer is ≥40%; The casting process of the internal filling layer M includes: (1) Drying: Drying the original red mud at 80℃ for 0.5-1h, and controlling the moisture content of the material after drying to be <2%; (2) Grinding: Grinding and dispersing the dried red mud using a ball mill for 5-10min, and controlling the particle size of the material after grinding to be ≤3% on a 45μm sieve; (3) Mixing: Weigh red mud, metakaolin, and aluminum powder according to the proportion, add 70% mixing water, mix and stir, and mix at 300rpm / min for 5min on a mixer to form a slurry mixture; then mix sodium silicate, foaming stabilizer, potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, iron oxide powder and 30% mixing water and add to the slurry, and continue stirring at 150-200rpm / min for 3min to form a foamed slurry; (4) Casting and foaming: Cast the mixed slurry into the already formed structural frame grid G ​​space, with a casting slurry mass of 30-35kg / m 2 After pouring, place it in an environment with a temperature of 60℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 hours; (5) Static curing: place it in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 3 days. After curing, use a cutting machine to cut off the excess material along the upper surface.

2. The method for preparing a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structural frame G comprises the following raw material components by weight: 35-40 parts cementitious material, 10-15 parts composite admixture, 40-50 parts aggregate, 2-3 parts toughening fiber, 2-5 parts chemical admixture, and 10-13 parts mixing water; the cementitious material is selected from 52.5 grade Portland cement or ordinary Portland cement; the composite admixture is selected from silica fume, Class I fly ash with good sphericity, and high-strength vitrified microspheres. The dosage of the three is calculated based on the particle size distribution of the raw materials and the close packing distribution curve, with a mass ratio of 1:(0.3-0.6):1, wherein the silica fume is selected from dense silica fume with SiO2 content ≥95% and a bulk density ≥0.85kg / m³. 3 The high-strength vitrified microspheres have a compressive strength ≥80MPa; the aggregate is selected from quartz sand that has been sieved and matched according to particle size distribution, with a fineness modulus of 2.8; the toughening fiber is selected from carbon fiber; the chemical admixture is a compound composed of polycarboxylic acid mother liquor, viscosity reducer, and air entrainer. The viscosity reducer component is an alcohol with a molecular weight <80, and the air entrainer component is an alkyl sulfonate. After compounding, the solid content of the chemical admixture is ≥45%, and the water reduction rate is ≥40%. Its composition and dosage are determined by test based on the working performance of the mixture slurry, ensuring that the initial fluidity of the mixture is ≥210mm and the fluidity is ≥200mm after 1 hour.

3. The method for preparing a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface layer S has good adhesion properties, and its key performance indicators should meet the following requirements: compressive strength ≥30MPa; flexural strength ≥8MPa; water permeability resistance ≥5MPa; bond strength ≥1MPa; tensile failure limit strain ≥8%; the selected raw material components by weight are: 50 parts ordinary Portland cement, 15-20 parts calcium carbonate powder, 30-40 parts quartz sand, 15-20 parts polymer emulsion, 5-10 parts silica fume, 0.1-0.2 parts defoamer, 1-1.5 parts dispersant, 0.05-0.1 parts thickener, 0.3-0.5 parts hydrophobic agent, and 50-60 parts mixing water; the polymer emulsion is selected as water-soluble carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex. The calcium carbonate powder used is 400-600 mesh heavy calcium carbonate powder; the quartz sand is 10-60 mesh continuously graded quartz sand; the defoamer is polyethylene glycol-rosin composite defoamer; the dispersant is polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency dispersant; the thickener is methyl cellulose ether with a molecular weight of 10-20W; and the hydrophobic agent is stearic acid hydrophobic agent.

4. The method for preparing a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The production and assembly process of building panels includes the following steps: (1) forming the structural frame G; (2) installing T-shaped metal embedded parts and L-shaped metal embedded parts; (3) constructing the interface functional layer D; (4) pouring the internal filling layer M; and (5) pouring the upper surface layer S.

5. The method for preparing a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The molding process of structural frame G includes: (1) Weigh the corresponding cementitious materials, aggregates and composite admixtures according to the designed raw material mix ratio, add an appropriate amount of wetting water, and put them into the mixing device for stirring; (2) Dissolve the water-reducing additives in the remaining mixing water, add them to the mixing device and continue stirring; (3) Weigh the toughening fibers and sieve them evenly into the mixing chamber. After all the toughening fibers have been sieved in and dispersed evenly, close the sealing door of the mixing chamber and continue stirring for 5 minutes; (4) After stirring, pour the mixture into the assembled mold, then cover the upper surface with a film and cure it at 60±5℃ for 24 hours. After curing, remove the mold. The amount of each raw material used in structural frame G needs to be adjusted and determined according to the quality of the raw materials and test data. The key performance indicators of the materials used in the preparation process should meet the following requirements: fresh slurry fluidity ≥190mm; 1d compressive strength ≥60MPa; 28d compressive strength ≥90MPa; flexural strength ≥26MPa; tensile strength ≥8MPa.

6. The method for preparing a multifunctional building panel integrating structure, energy storage, and thermal insulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pouring process of the top surface layer S includes the following steps: (1) Dispersion of liquid materials: Add thickener to the mixing water, place it in a mixer, and stir for 5-8 minutes at a speed of 500 r / min. Then add dispersant, defoamer, hydrophobic agent and polymer emulsion, and stir for 3 minutes at a speed of 150 r / min; (2) Mixing of powder materials: Add cement, quartz sand, calcium carbonate powder and silica fume to the mixer, stir and disperse for 3 minutes at a speed of 200 r / min; (3) Mixing of slurry materials: Keep the powder materials at a speed of 100 r / min and slowly add the dispersed liquid materials; after adding, increase the speed to 300 r / min and continue stirring for 3 minutes; (4) Pouring and curing: Pour the mixed slurry into the upper part of the inner filling layer M of the board with the mold installed, and control the pouring thickness to 20±2 mm; after pouring, place the multifunctional building board in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥95% for 24 hours.

Images