Spherical solar power generation system and method with automatic tracking function

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solar power generation, and discloses a spherical solar power generation system and method with an automatic tracking function, and the system comprises a light sensation tracking module, a solar power generation module, a heat energy conversion module, an energy storage module, an analysis module and a central control module. The light-sensitive tracking detects the azimuth and height of the sun to generate a tracking signal; the solar power generation and heat energy conversion module converts light energy and radiant heat energy into electric energy. The energy storage module stores electric energy; the analysis module generates a control instruction according to the detection data and determines power generation efficiency, an energy distribution strategy and the like; the central control module receives an instruction and synchronously adjusts operation of each module. According to the invention, real-time tracking of the solar azimuth, efficient power generation of light energy and radiant heat energy and intelligent energy storage management are realized through cooperation of multiple modules, the energy conversion efficiency can be improved, and the energy distribution strategy can be optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar power generation, and in particular to a spherical solar power generation system and method with an automatic tracking function. Background Art

[0002] With the growing global demand for clean energy and the urgent need to address climate change, the development and utilization of solar energy, an inexhaustible renewable energy source, has garnered widespread attention. As one of the primary methods for utilizing solar energy, solar power generation boasts numerous advantages, including cleanliness, environmental friendliness, and widespread distribution, making it an increasingly prominent player in the energy sector. However, current solar power generation technologies still face a series of pressing challenges in their practical application.

[0003] Traditional solar power generation systems mostly use flat solar panels, whose efficiency is significantly affected by the angle of incidence of the sun. When the sun's azimuth or altitude changes, the efficiency of the flat panels receiving light energy decreases significantly. For example, efficiency can drop by over 30% during the morning and evening hours, or when the sun is not directly overhead. To improve power generation efficiency, attempts have been made to adopt single-axis or dual-axis tracking systems, but these traditional tracking systems have numerous drawbacks. Firstly, their complex mechanical structure leads to high costs, with the tracking system typically accounting for 20%-30% of the total system cost. Secondly, tracking response speed is slow. Traditional light-sensing tracking systems often have a response time exceeding 10ms, making it difficult to accurately match the sun's trajectory in real time. Furthermore, maintenance is difficult and prone to failure in adverse weather conditions such as strong winds and dust.

[0004] Furthermore, existing solar power generation systems also have shortcomings in energy utilization and management. Some systems using spherical cells suffer from outdated packaging processes, with the single-component silicone easily aging and cracking, affecting light transmission and waterproofing. Drive components are also inaccurate, resulting in large tracking errors, preventing them from fully utilizing the spherical cells' advantage of omnidirectional light reception. Furthermore, solar thermal energy utilization is inefficient, with a lack of linkage between heat collection and power generation modules. Energy management strategies are rigid and cannot be dynamically adjusted based on light intensity, temperature fluctuations, and other factors. The energy storage module's thermal management is extensive, posing safety risks and shortening its lifespan.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design a spherical solar power generation system and method with automatic tracking function to solve the problems of traditional solar power generation system that the power generation efficiency is restricted by the sun angle, the tracking system is complex and inefficient, the energy utilization is single and the management is extensive. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention proposes a spherical solar power generation system and method with automatic tracking function, aiming to solve the problems of traditional solar power generation system that the power generation efficiency is restricted by the sun angle, the tracking system is complex and inefficient, the energy utilization is single and the management is extensive.

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention provides a spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function, comprising:

[0008] Light tracking module, used to detect the sun's azimuth and altitude in real time and generate tracking signals;

[0009] A solar power generation module, used to convert light energy into electrical energy, comprising a spherical solar cell body and a driving component;

[0010] A heat energy conversion module, used to convert radiant heat energy into electrical energy, the heat energy conversion module comprising a black iron plate heat collection and steam power generation assembly;

[0011] An energy storage module for storing electrical energy, comprising a lithium battery pack and a BMS battery management system, and electrically connected to the solar power generation module and the thermal energy conversion module;

[0012] an analysis module electrically connected to the light tracking module, the solar power generation module, the thermal energy conversion module, and the energy storage module, respectively. The analysis module is configured to generate control instructions for horizontal rotation and elevation adjustment based on the sun position data detected by the light tracking module; the analysis module is further configured to determine power generation efficiency and energy allocation strategies based on output data from the solar power generation module and the thermal energy conversion module; and the analysis module is further configured to establish an energy management mapping relationship based on the power status of the energy storage module.

[0013] The central control module is electrically connected to the solar power generation module, the thermal energy conversion module, the energy storage module and the analysis module respectively. The central control module is used to receive control instructions from the analysis module and synchronously adjust the light sensing tracking angle of the solar power generation module, the circulation pump speed of the thermal energy conversion module and the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage module.

[0014] Furthermore, the spherical solar cell body includes a spherical frame, a plurality of slots are provided inside the spherical frame, the slots are used to place the solar cells, and the surface of the spherical frame is provided with wire through-holes, the wire through-holes are used for electrical connection between the solar cells;

[0015] After the cell is embedded in the spherical frame, a two-component transparent silicone is used to encapsulate the gap between the cell and the frame. The two-component transparent silicone is mixed with components A and B in a weight ratio of 1:1. After curing, a sealing layer is formed, and a glass film is covered on the sealing layer. The surface of the glass film is coated with an AR anti-reflection film.

[0016] Furthermore, the driving component includes a horizontal rotation driving component and an elevation adjustment driving component;

[0017] The horizontal rotation drive component is provided with a metal gear servo, the output end of which is connected to the spherical frame via an adapter, the surface of which is provided with anti-slip grooves and is fixed to the metal gear servo via screws;

[0018] The elevation angle adjustment drive component includes a planetary gear reduction motor and a stainless steel screw transmission assembly. Deep groove ball bearings are provided at both ends of the screw of the stainless steel screw transmission assembly. The nut of the screw of the stainless steel screw transmission assembly is connected to the bottom of the spherical frame through an L-shaped aluminum alloy bracket.

[0019] Furthermore, when the analysis module generates a control instruction based on the sun position data detected by the light tracking module, it includes:

[0020] Presetting the azimuth angle deviation threshold α and the altitude angle deviation threshold β;

[0021] Real-time calculation to obtain the difference Δθ, Δφ between the solar azimuth and altitude angles and the current orientation of the spherical solar cell body;

[0022] When any one of the conditions Δθ≥α and Δφ≥β is satisfied, the analysis module generates a control signal to drive the horizontal rotation drive component and the elevation adjustment drive component to operate, wherein the horizontal rotation angle increment Δγ=Δθ×k1, and the elevation adjustment angle increment Δδ=Δφ×k2, where k1 and k2 are angle conversion coefficients, and 0<k1, k2≤1;

[0023] When both conditions Δθ<α and Δφ<β are satisfied, the current driving component state is maintained;

[0024] The analysis module control instruction generation cycle is ≤100ms, the light sensing tracking response time is <50ms, and the tracking accuracy error is ±0.5°.

[0025] Furthermore, the light sensing tracking module includes a photosensitive cover, which is hemispherical. A light sensor is integrated inside the photosensitive cover. The light sensor is provided with a four-quadrant silicon photocell. A light-transmitting hole is opened on the top of the photosensitive cover.

[0026] Furthermore, the thermal energy conversion module includes: a black iron plate heat collection assembly, which is made of black iron plates laid flat on the lighting surface, a copper tube is set on the surface of the black iron plate, and the copper tube is connected in series with the steam generator set through a pipeline. A circulation pump is set on the pipeline, and the circulation pump is used to drive the water circulation in the copper tube;

[0027] The black iron plate heat collecting assembly is arranged in a heat-insulating frame, and the top of the heat-insulating frame is covered with double-layer insulating glass;

[0028] The speed of the circulating pump is positively correlated with the speed of the steam turbine of the steam generator set. The speed of the circulating pump is controlled by a steam pressure closed loop. The speed of the steam turbine of the steam generator set is adjusted by a frequency converter. The speeds of the circulating pump and the speed of the steam turbine of the steam generator set are controlled in a linked manner by a PLC.

[0029] The ratio of the black iron plate heat collection surface area to the spherical solar cell main body projected area is 1.5:1.

[0030] Furthermore, the energy storage module includes: an MPPT controller provided with a communication interface;

[0031] A lithium battery pack consisting of 20 ternary lithium batteries connected in series, and the lithium battery pack is equipped with a battery management system;

[0032] The MPPT controller and the lithium battery pack are connected via a connecting wire, the outer surface of the connecting wire is covered with a braided mesh, the connecting wire is provided with a waterproof connector, and the pins of the connecting wire are silver-plated.

[0033] Furthermore, when the analysis module establishes the energy management mapping relationship, it includes:

[0034] The analysis module is further configured to determine a power supply mode according to a relationship between light intensity and a preset light intensity threshold L1 and a preset light intensity threshold L2 configured by the analysis module and a temperature difference threshold ΔT0, where L1<L2:

[0035] When the light intensity is ≥ L2, the analysis module issues an instruction to give priority to power supply to the solar power generation module and charge the energy storage module;

[0036] When L1≤light intensity<L2, the analysis module issues an instruction for the solar power generation module and the thermal energy conversion module to supply power in parallel;

[0037] When the light intensity is less than L1 and the temperature difference is greater than or equal to ΔT0, the analysis module issues an instruction to start the independent power supply of the thermal energy conversion module;

[0038] When the light intensity is less than L1 and the temperature difference is less than ΔT0, the analysis module issues an instruction to switch to the energy storage module for power supply;

[0039] Among them, the energy storage module power SOC is monitored in real time, and when SOC ≤ 20%, the traditional charging interface compatibility mode is triggered.

[0040] Furthermore, the synchronous adjustment strategy of the central control module includes: the light sensing tracking adjustment, controlling the metal gear servo to drive the sphere to rotate horizontally at a speed of 5° / s, and the planetary gear reduction motor driving the lead screw to adjust the elevation angle, so that the battery body is perpendicular to the incident light of the sun;

[0041] Heat energy conversion regulation: Based on the data from the steam pressure sensor, the circulation pump speed is controlled by the signal generated by the analysis module to control the steam pressure between 0.5-0.8MPa;

[0042] Energy storage management adjustment: when the temperature of the lithium battery pack is ≥45℃, the cooling fan is started; when the temperature is ≥60℃, the charging current is reduced to 5A and an alarm is issued;

[0043] System debugging and testing include:

[0044] Light sensing test: block different quadrants of the four-quadrant silicon photocell and respond within 1 second within the spherical frame. The tracking light sensing accuracy error is ≤±1°;

[0045] Power generation test: under standard conditions, the solar power generation module output power ≥ 200W, and the thermal energy module outputs an additional ≥ 20W when the temperature difference is 30℃;

[0046] The vibration test is simulated by a vibration table, the vibration frequency of the vibration table is set to 10-50 Hz, the acceleration is 3G, the vibration table scanning time is 30 minutes, the connection of each component is not loose, and the circuit impedance change is ≤5%.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] 1. The light-sensing tracking module monitors the sun's azimuth and altitude in real time, driving the spherical solar cell's main body to dynamically adjust its angle. This improves light reception efficiency by 20%-40% compared to traditional fixed installations. Simultaneously, the black iron plate heat collector in the thermal energy conversion module absorbs 50% of the solar energy's infrared radiation, increasing the system's overall energy utilization to over 60%. Even at night or on cloudy days, waste heat from the environment can maintain low-power power generation, enabling all-weather energy supply.

[0049] 2. The analysis module dynamically prioritizes power based on light tracking data and power generation module output. In conjunction with the battery management system, it develops a scientific charging and discharging strategy based on parameters such as the lithium battery pack's charge level and temperature. By establishing a three-dimensional mapping model to predict power generation, the charging and discharging cycle is optimized, extending the lithium battery's cycle life and achieving charge and discharge efficiency exceeding 95%.

[0050] 3. The central control module coordinates all subsystems. In the event of sudden changes in light intensity, it synchronously adjusts the solar cell angle, circulation pump speed, and charge and discharge current within 0.5 seconds to ensure stable output. The modular design allows for flexible expansion and adaptability to diverse scenarios. The system features fault diagnosis and self-healing capabilities, with an average trouble-free operation time of over 10,000 hours. Every 10kW of installed capacity reduces CO2 emissions by approximately 8 tons annually, further promoting green energy.

[0051] On the other hand, the present application also provides a spherical solar power generation method with automatic tracking function, which is applied to the spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function, comprising the following steps:

[0052] Detect the solar azimuth and altitude in real time and generate tracking signals;

[0053] Convert light energy and radiant heat energy into electrical energy and store the electrical energy;

[0054] Generate control instructions for horizontal rotation and elevation adjustment based on the detected solar position data. Determine power generation efficiency and energy allocation strategies based on the output data of the solar power generation module and thermal energy conversion module. Establish energy management mapping relationships based on the power status of the energy storage module.

[0055] Receive control instructions and synchronously adjust the light tracking angle, circulation pump speed and charging and discharging strategy.

[0056] It is understandable that the above-mentioned spherical solar power generation system and method with automatic tracking function have the same beneficial effects, which will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. The same reference symbols are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0058] Figure 1 A functional block diagram of a spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a spherical solar power generation method with automatic tracking function provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0061] See Figure 1As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function, comprising:

[0062] Light tracking module, used to detect the sun's azimuth and altitude in real time and generate tracking signals;

[0063] A solar power generation module is used to convert light energy into electrical energy. The solar power generation module includes a spherical solar cell body and a driving component;

[0064] Thermal energy conversion module, used to convert radiant heat energy into electrical energy, the thermal energy conversion module includes black iron plate heat collection and steam power generation components;

[0065] Energy storage module, used to store electrical energy. The energy storage module includes a lithium battery pack and a BMS battery management system. The energy storage module is electrically connected to the solar power generation module and the thermal energy conversion module.

[0066] An analysis module is electrically connected to the light tracking module, the solar power generation module, the thermal energy conversion module, and the energy storage module. The analysis module is used to generate control instructions for horizontal rotation and elevation adjustment based on the sun position data detected by the light tracking module. The analysis module is also used to determine the power generation efficiency and energy allocation strategy based on the output data of the solar power generation module and the thermal energy conversion module. The analysis module is also used to establish an energy management mapping relationship based on the power status of the energy storage module.

[0067] The central control module is electrically connected to the solar power generation module, thermal energy conversion module, energy storage module and analysis module respectively. The central control module is used to receive control instructions from the analysis module and synchronously adjust the light sensing tracking angle of the solar power generation module, the circulation pump speed of the thermal energy conversion module and the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage module.

[0068] This embodiment uses a light-tracking module to monitor the sun's azimuth and altitude in real time, driving the spherical solar cell body to dynamically adjust its angle. Compared to traditional fixed installations, this system achieves a 20%-40% improvement in light reception efficiency. Furthermore, the black iron plate heat collector in the thermal energy conversion module absorbs 50% of the solar energy's infrared radiation, increasing the system's overall energy utilization to over 60%. Even at night or on cloudy days, it can maintain low-power power generation using residual ambient heat, enabling all-weather energy supply. The analysis module dynamically prioritizes power based on light-tracking data and the output of the power generation module. The battery management system formulates a comprehensive charging and discharging strategy based on parameters such as the lithium battery pack's charge level and temperature. By establishing a three-dimensional mapping model to predict power generation, it optimizes the charging and discharging rhythm, extending the lithium battery's cycle life and achieving a charge and discharge efficiency exceeding 95%. The central control module coordinates all subsystems. In the event of sudden changes in light intensity, it synchronously adjusts the solar cell angle, circulation pump speed, and charge and discharge current within 0.5 seconds to ensure stable output. The modular design allows for flexible expansion and adaptability to diverse scenarios. The system has fault diagnosis and self-healing capabilities, with an average trouble-free operation time of over 10,000 hours. Every 10kW of installed capacity reduces CO2 emissions by approximately 8 tons annually, further promoting the concept of green energy.

[0069] Specifically, the spherical solar cell body includes a spherical frame, which is provided with a plurality of slots inside the spherical frame for placing the solar cells, and the surface of the spherical frame is provided with wire through-holes for electrical connection between the solar cells.

[0070] After the battery cell is embedded in the spherical frame, two-component transparent silicone is used to encapsulate the gap between the battery cell and the frame. The two-component transparent silicone is mixed with components A and B in a weight ratio of 1:1. After curing, a sealing layer is formed, and a glass film is covered on the sealing layer. The surface of the glass film is coated with an AR anti-reflection film.

[0071] Specifically, a 156.75mm x 156.75mm monocrystalline silicon half-cell was selected, with a conversion efficiency of 23.5% and a single-cell power of approximately 6.5W. To achieve a total area of ​​1 square meter, 64 cells were precisely calculated to be required (accounting for a 5% loss in spherical splicing, 68 cells were actually prepared). The cell surface was pre-textured to enhance light absorption, and the electrodes were printed with DuPont 5090 series conductive silver paste to ensure efficient current conduction.

[0072] Specifically, a custom-made spherical frame made of aviation-grade carbon fiber has a diameter of 55cm and a wall thickness of 2mm. The frame is designed with precision slots, 2mm deep and 1.8mm wide, to precisely fit the edges of the battery cells. Twenty 3mm diameter holes are reserved on the frame surface for wire connections between the battery cells.

[0073] Specifically, Dow Corning OE-6650 two-component transparent silicone is used for encapsulation, with components A and B mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio. After curing, it forms a 0.5mm thick sealant with a light transmittance of 94% and a temperature resistance range of -40°C to 200°C. The outer layer is covered with a 0.3mm thick ultra-clear tempered glass film coated with an AR anti-reflection coating, further increasing light transmittance by 2-3%.

[0074] The spherical solar cell body of the above-mentioned embodiment adopts a modular slot design and multi-layer protective packaging, which has significantly improved power generation efficiency and stability. The slot structure facilitates the rapid installation and replacement of solar cells, adapting to cells of different specifications and improving system flexibility. The two-component transparent silicone is mixed and packaged in a 1:1 ratio. After curing, it forms a highly elastic sealing layer, which effectively isolates moisture, dust, and corrosive media, preventing cell oxidation and circuit short circuits, and extending service life. The surface is covered with a glass film coated with AR anti-reflection film, which can reduce light reflectivity to below 1%, increasing light transmittance by approximately 30% compared to ordinary glass film, and enhancing light energy absorption efficiency. At the same time, the glass film is both wear-resistant and impact-resistant, ensuring the stable operation of the solar cell body in harsh environments such as wind, sand, rain, and snow, reducing maintenance costs and improving the reliability and cost-effectiveness of the overall system.

[0075] Specifically, the driving components include a horizontal rotation driving component and an elevation adjustment driving component;

[0076] The horizontal rotation drive component is provided with a metal gear servo, the output end of which is connected to the spherical frame via an adapter. The adapter surface is provided with anti-slip grooves and is fixed to the metal gear servo via screws.

[0077] The elevation adjustment drive components include a planetary gear reduction motor and a stainless steel screw drive assembly. Deep groove ball bearings are provided at both ends of the screw of the stainless steel screw drive assembly. The nut of the screw of the stainless steel screw drive assembly is connected to the bottom of the spherical frame through an L-shaped aluminum alloy bracket.

[0078] Specifically, the horizontal rotation drive unit uses an MG996R metal gear servo with an operating voltage of 6V and a torque of 15kg·cm. The servo output shaft is connected to the sphere via an aluminum alloy adapter with a 10mm diameter and 15mm height. The adapter has anti-slip grooves and is fixed to the servo shaft with M3 screws.

[0079] Specifically, the elevation adjustment drive utilizes an N20-180 planetary gear motor with a 1:100 reduction ratio, coupled to an 8mm lead stainless steel lead screw assembly. Deep groove ball bearings (model 608) are mounted on each end of the lead screw, with the bearing seats constructed from 3D-printed PA66. The lead screw nut is connected to the base of the ball via a 3mm-thick L-shaped aluminum alloy bracket.

[0080] The drive components of the above embodiment utilize a dual-drive structure consisting of a metal gear servo and a planetary gear reduction motor with a screw drive, offering significant advantages in achieving precise tracking and stable operation. The metal gear servo boasts high torque output and strong wear resistance. A non-slip adapter securely connects to the spherical frame, ensuring efficient, slip-free power transmission during ±180° horizontal rotation, and tracking the solar azimuth within ±0.5°. The planetary gear reduction motor in the elevation adjustment drive, combined with a stainless steel screw drive assembly, converts high motor speed into low-speed, high-torque output. Deep-groove ball bearings at each end of the screw effectively reduce friction loss, enabling smooth 0-90° elevation adjustment. The L-shaped aluminum alloy bracket combines lightweight and high strength, reducing overall load and energy consumption while ensuring the structural rigidity of the spherical frame at various elevation angles. The entire drive system is adaptable to extreme environments ranging from -20°C to 60°C, is resistant to wind, sand, and vibration, and maintains long-term stable operation under complex operating conditions, providing reliable dynamic tracking for solar power generation modules.

[0081] Specifically, when the analysis module generates a control instruction based on the sun position data detected by the light tracking module, it includes:

[0082] Presetting the azimuth angle deviation threshold α and the altitude angle deviation threshold β;

[0083] Real-time calculation to obtain the difference Δθ, Δφ between the solar azimuth and altitude angles and the current orientation of the spherical solar cell body;

[0084] When any of the conditions Δθ≥α and Δφ≥β is met, the analysis module generates a control signal to drive the horizontal rotation drive component and the elevation adjustment drive component to operate, wherein the horizontal rotation angle increment Δγ=Δθ×k1, and the elevation adjustment angle increment Δδ=Δφ×k2, where k1 and k2 are angle conversion coefficients, and 0<k1, k2≤1;

[0085] When both conditions Δθ<α and Δφ<β are satisfied, the current driving component state is maintained;

[0086] The analysis module control instruction generation cycle is ≤100ms, the light sensing tracking response time is <50ms, and the tracking accuracy error is ±0.5°.

[0087] The above embodiment pre-sets azimuth and altitude deviation thresholds α and β, effectively avoiding mechanical loss and energy waste caused by frequent fine-tuning of drive components, thereby extending the service life of the equipment. When the difference Δθ and Δφ between the sun's azimuth and the battery's orientation is detected to exceed the threshold, the horizontal rotation angle increment Δγ and the elevation adjustment angle increment Δδ are accurately calculated using the angle conversion coefficients k1 and k2, ensuring that each adjustment quickly corrects the deviation with the minimum amplitude, thereby improving tracking efficiency. The control instruction generation cycle is ≤100ms, the light sensing tracking response time is <50ms, and the high-precision error control of ±0.5° enables the battery body to follow the sun's trajectory in real time and sensitively. Compared with traditional tracking systems, the response speed is increased by more than 30%, and the light energy reception efficiency is significantly improved. The strategy of maintaining the current state when the deviation is less than the threshold further reduces the system's operating energy consumption, achieving a balance between energy saving and stability while ensuring the tracking effect.

[0088] Specifically, the light sensing tracking module includes a photosensitive cover, which is hemispherical. A light sensor is integrated inside the photosensitive cover. The light sensor is equipped with a four-quadrant silicon photocell, and a light-transmitting hole is opened on the top of the photosensitive cover.

[0089] Specifically, the light sensor uses a four-quadrant silicon photocell integrated into a 3D-printed photosensitive cover on top of the sphere. The photosensitive cover is hemispherical, made of PC, with a wall thickness of 1mm. Four 2mm diameter apertures are cut into the top, corresponding to the four quadrants of the silicon photocell. This allows for precise detection of the sun's azimuth and altitude, with a response time of less than 50ms and a detection accuracy of ±0.5°.

[0090] The hemispherical photosensitive cover design of the above embodiment provides a 360° all-round viewing angle, ensuring that no matter what direction the sun is in, light can be projected to the internal light sensor through the top light-transmitting hole without blind spots. Compared with the traditional planar detection method, the azimuth detection range is expanded by 100%; the four-quadrant silicon photocell receives the incident light according to the four quadrants, and by comparing the light intensity difference of each quadrant, the solar azimuth and altitude angle can be calculated quickly and accurately, and the detection accuracy error is controlled within ±0.5°, providing reliable data support for the tracking system; the closed structure of the photosensitive cover not only effectively isolates the ambient light interference, but is also dustproof and waterproof, protecting the silicon photocell from external erosion and extending its service life. At the same time, the special design of the light-transmitting hole reduces dust adhesion and reduces maintenance frequency on the basis of ensuring light transmittance, so that the light-sensing tracking module can operate stably for a long time in complex outdoor environments, providing a solid guarantee for the efficient tracking of solar power generation systems.

[0091] Specifically, the heat energy conversion module includes: a black iron plate heat collection assembly, which uses black iron plates laid flat on the lighting surface. A copper tube is set on the surface of the black iron plate. The copper tube is connected to the steam generator set in series through a pipe. A circulation pump is set on the pipe to drive the water circulation in the copper tube;

[0092] The black iron plate heat collection assembly is set in the insulation frame, and the top of the insulation frame is covered with double-layer insulating glass;

[0093] The speed of the circulating pump is positively correlated with the turbine speed of the steam generator set. The speed of the circulating pump is controlled by the steam pressure closed loop. The speed of the turbine of the steam generator set is adjusted by the frequency converter. The speed of the circulating pump and the speed of the turbine of the steam generator set are controlled by PLC linkage.

[0094] The ratio of the black iron plate collecting surface area to the projected area of ​​the spherical solar cell body is 1.5:1.

[0095] The thermal energy conversion module in the above-described embodiment significantly improves solar thermal utilization efficiency and power generation stability through structural optimization and intelligent linkage control. The black iron plate heat collection assembly, with its high surface absorptivity and insulated frame covered with double-layer insulating glass, reduces heat loss by over 50%, effectively improving heat collection efficiency. The copper tubes are connected in series with the steam generator set, and the circulating pump drives water circulation, achieving efficient heat transfer and conversion. The positive correlation between the circulating pump speed and the steam generator turbine speed, as well as the steam pressure closed-loop control mechanism, ensures that the system dynamically adjusts the circulation rate based on steam pressure to maintain a stable steam supply. Compared to traditional open-loop control, power generation efficiency is increased by 20%. The optimal ratio of 1.5:1 between the black iron plate heat collection surface area and the projected area of ​​the spherical solar cell body allows the thermal energy conversion module and photovoltaic module to complement each other, fully utilizing solar radiation energy and increasing the system's overall energy utilization rate to over 60%. Furthermore, a PLC precisely controls the circulating pump and turbine speeds, reducing energy consumption and equipment wear, ensuring long-term stable operation of the system.

[0096] Specifically, the energy storage module includes: an MPPT controller provided with a communication interface;

[0097] A lithium battery pack, which consists of 20 ternary lithium batteries connected in series and is equipped with a battery management system;

[0098] Among them, the MPPT controller and the lithium battery pack are connected by a connecting wire, the outside of the connecting wire is covered with a braided mesh, the connecting wire is provided with a waterproof connector, and the pins of the connecting wire are silver-plated.

[0099] Specifically, the MPPT controller model is ET-SolarET1210A, with an adaptable voltage range of 12-60V, a maximum input current of 10A, and a conversion efficiency of 98.5%. The controller has an RS485 communication interface, and can display parameters such as power generation power, voltage, and current in real time on an external display.

[0100] Specifically, the lithium-ion battery pack consists of 20 18650 ternary lithium-ion batteries (3.7V / 2000mAh each), forming a 48V / 10Ah battery pack. It has a built-in BMS (Battery Management System) with overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection. The battery pack housing is made of ABS engineering plastic and measures 200mm × 100mm × 50mm, with side heat dissipation holes.

[0101] Specifically, the circuit wiring uses UL2464 silicone wire (AWG18). The battery cell series connection wire is 20cm long, with 2mm diameter copper lugs pre-soldered at both ends. The controller and battery pack connection wire is 30cm long and covered with a high-temperature resistant braided mesh. All circuit connections use IP67 waterproof connectors with silver-plated pins for enhanced conductivity.

[0102] The MPPT controller in the above embodiment is equipped with a communication interface, which can exchange data with the analysis module in real time, dynamically track the maximum power point of the solar power generation module, and improve the energy conversion efficiency to more than 98%, which is about 5% higher than the traditional controller; the lithium battery pack composed of 20 ternary lithium batteries connected in series, combined with a high-precision battery management system, can accurately monitor the battery's voltage, current, temperature and other parameters, realize overcharge, over-discharge and short-circuit protection, and extend the battery pack life to more than 3000 cycles; the external braided mesh protection of the connecting wire effectively resists wear and tear, and the waterproof connector design enables it to adapt to harsh environments with temperatures ranging from -20°C to 60°C and humidity below 95%, ensuring stable outdoor operation of the system; the silver-plated treatment of the pins greatly reduces contact resistance, reduces transmission loss, and increases the charging and discharging efficiency to 95%. The entire energy storage module takes into account both high efficiency and high reliability, providing a solid guarantee for the continuous energy supply of the system.

[0103] Specifically, when the analysis module establishes the energy management mapping relationship, it includes:

[0104] The analysis module is further configured to determine a power supply mode based on a relationship between the light intensity and a preset light intensity threshold L1 and a preset light intensity threshold L2 configured by the analysis module and a temperature difference threshold ΔT0, where L1 < L2:

[0105] When the light intensity is ≥ L2, the analysis module issues an instruction to give priority to the solar power generation module and charge the energy storage module;

[0106] When L1≤light intensity<L2, the analysis module issues an instruction for the solar power generation module and the thermal energy conversion module to supply power in parallel;

[0107] When the light intensity is less than L1 and the temperature difference is greater than or equal to ΔT0, the analysis module issues an instruction to start the independent power supply of the thermal energy conversion module;

[0108] When the light intensity is less than L1 and the temperature difference is less than ΔT0, the analysis module issues an instruction to switch to the energy storage module for power supply;

[0109] Among them, the energy storage module power SOC is monitored in real time, and when SOC ≤ 20%, the traditional charging interface compatibility mode is triggered.

[0110] By setting dual light intensity thresholds L1 and L2 and a temperature difference threshold ΔT0, the system accurately prioritizes energy under varying light and temperature conditions. When sunlight is sufficient, solar power generation is prioritized to charge the energy storage module, maximizing clean energy utilization. Under moderate light intensity, solar power and the thermal energy conversion module operate in parallel to smooth power output. When sunlight is insufficient but the temperature difference meets the requirements, the thermal energy conversion module operates independently to ensure power continuity. In extreme conditions (low light intensity and small temperature difference), the energy storage module seamlessly takes over, ensuring uninterrupted power supply. The system monitors the energy storage module's state of charge (SOC) in real time and sets a low-battery threshold of 20% to trigger a traditional charging port compatibility mode. This not only prevents lithium battery damage from overdischarge but also allows for external power replenishment when necessary, ensuring continuous system operation. This strategy improves energy allocation efficiency by 30%, reduces losses from frequent device switching, and extends the overall system lifespan. It also reduces reliance on a single energy source, significantly enhancing the reliability and stability of energy supply.

[0111] Specifically, the central control module's synchronous adjustment strategy includes: light tracking adjustment, controlling the metal gear servo to drive the sphere to rotate horizontally at a speed of 5° / s, and the planetary gear reduction motor driving the lead screw to adjust the elevation angle, so that the battery body is perpendicular to the incident sunlight;

[0112] Heat energy conversion regulation: Based on the data from the steam pressure sensor, the circulation pump speed is controlled by the signal generated by the analysis module to control the steam pressure between 0.5-0.8MPa;

[0113] Energy storage management adjustment: when the temperature of the lithium battery pack is ≥45℃, the cooling fan is started; when the temperature is ≥60℃, the charging current is reduced to 5A and an alarm is issued;

[0114] System debugging and testing include:

[0115] Light sensing test: block different quadrants of the four-quadrant silicon photocell and respond within 1s within the spherical frame. The tracking light sensing accuracy error is ≤±1°;

[0116] Power generation test: under standard conditions, the solar power generation module output power ≥ 200W, and the thermal energy module outputs an additional ≥ 20W when the temperature difference is 30℃;

[0117] The vibration test is simulated by a vibration table. The vibration frequency of the vibration table is set to 10-50Hz, the acceleration is 3G, the vibration table scanning time is 30 minutes, the connections of each component are not loose, and the circuit impedance change is ≤5%.

[0118] In the above-mentioned embodiments, the synchronous adjustment strategy and systematic testing mechanism of the central control module form a closed loop from precise control, stable operation to reliability verification, comprehensively ensuring the efficient operation of the system. Light tracking adjustment drives the metal gear servo and planetary gear reduction motor at a precise speed of 5° / s, ensuring that the battery body is quickly aligned with the sun and controlling the vertical incidence error of light to a very small range, significantly improving efficiency compared to traditional tracking methods. Thermal energy conversion adjustment dynamically controls the speed of the circulation pump based on data from the steam pressure sensor, maintaining the steam pressure in the efficient range of 0.5-0.8MPa to ensure stable steam power output. Energy storage management adjustment uses a temperature threshold graded response mechanism to promptly dissipate heat, limit current, and issue warnings when the lithium battery pack temperature is abnormal, effectively avoiding the risk of overheating and extending battery life by more than 30%. The system debugging and testing phase undergoes three rigorous tests: light sensing, power generation, and vibration. The light sensing test ensures that the tracking response is fast and the accuracy meets the standards. The power generation test verifies the power output capacity under different conditions. The vibration test simulates the reliability of the equipment under extreme working conditions. The connections between each component are firm and the circuit performance is stable, which reduces the failure rate of the entire system in complex environments by 40%, significantly improving the overall reliability and user experience.

[0119] See Figure 2 As shown, in another preferred embodiment based on the above embodiment, this embodiment provides a spherical solar power generation method with automatic tracking function, which is applied to the spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function described in the above embodiments, including the following steps:

[0120] Step S100: Detecting the solar azimuth and altitude in real time and generating a tracking signal;

[0121] Step S200: converting light energy and radiant heat energy into electrical energy and storing the electrical energy;

[0122] Step S300: Generate horizontal rotation and elevation angle adjustment control instructions based on the detected solar position data, determine power generation efficiency and energy allocation strategy based on the output data of the solar power generation module and the thermal energy conversion module, and establish an energy management mapping relationship based on the power status of the energy storage module;

[0123] Step S400: receiving control instructions and synchronously adjusting the light tracking angle, the circulating pump speed, and the charging and discharging strategy.

[0124] It is understandable that the above-mentioned spherical solar power generation system and method with automatic tracking function have the same beneficial effects, which will not be described in detail here.

[0125] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware embodiments. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0126] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems) and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0127] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0128] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0129] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function, characterized in that: include: Light tracking module, used to detect the sun's azimuth and altitude in real time and generate tracking signals; A solar power generation module, used to convert light energy into electrical energy, comprising a spherical solar cell body and a driving component; A heat energy conversion module, used to convert radiant heat energy into electrical energy, the heat energy conversion module comprising a black iron plate heat collection and steam power generation assembly; An energy storage module for storing electrical energy, comprising a lithium battery pack and a BMS battery management system, and electrically connected to the solar power generation module and the thermal energy conversion module; an analysis module electrically connected to the light tracking module, the solar power generation module, the thermal energy conversion module, and the energy storage module, respectively. The analysis module is configured to generate control instructions for horizontal rotation and elevation adjustment based on the sun position data detected by the light tracking module; the analysis module is further configured to determine power generation efficiency and energy allocation strategies based on output data from the solar power generation module and the thermal energy conversion module; and the analysis module is further configured to establish an energy management mapping relationship based on the power status of the energy storage module. The central control module is electrically connected to the solar power generation module, the thermal energy conversion module, the energy storage module and the analysis module respectively. The central control module is used to receive control instructions from the analysis module and synchronously adjust the light sensing tracking angle of the solar power generation module, the circulation pump speed of the thermal energy conversion module and the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage module.

2. The spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spherical solar cell body includes a spherical frame, a plurality of slots are provided inside the spherical frame, and the slots are used to place the solar cells. The surface of the spherical frame is provided with wire through-holes, and the wire through-holes are used for electrical connection between the solar cells. After the cell is embedded in the spherical frame, a two-component transparent silicone is used to encapsulate the gap between the cell and the frame. The two-component transparent silicone is mixed with components A and B in a weight ratio of 1:

1. After curing, a sealing layer is formed, and a glass film is covered on the sealing layer. The surface of the glass film is coated with an AR anti-reflection film.

3. The spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving component includes a horizontal rotation driving component and an elevation angle adjustment driving component; The horizontal rotation drive component is provided with a metal gear servo, the output end of which is connected to the spherical frame via an adapter, the surface of which is provided with anti-slip grooves and is fixed to the metal gear servo via screws; The elevation angle adjustment drive component includes a planetary gear reduction motor and a stainless steel screw transmission assembly. Deep groove ball bearings are provided at both ends of the screw of the stainless steel screw transmission assembly. The nut of the screw of the stainless steel screw transmission assembly is connected to the bottom of the spherical frame through an L-shaped aluminum alloy bracket.

4. The spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the analysis module generates a control instruction based on the sun position data detected by the light tracking module, it includes: Presetting the azimuth angle deviation threshold α and the altitude angle deviation threshold β; Real-time calculation to obtain the difference Δθ, Δφ between the solar azimuth and altitude angles and the current orientation of the spherical solar cell body; When any one of the conditions Δθ≥α and Δφ≥β is satisfied, the analysis module generates a control signal to drive the horizontal rotation drive component and the elevation adjustment drive component to operate, wherein the horizontal rotation angle increment Δγ=Δθ×k1, and the elevation adjustment angle increment Δδ=Δφ×k2, where k1 and k2 are angle conversion coefficients, and 0<k1, k2≤1; When both conditions Δθ<α and Δφ<β are satisfied, the current driving component state is maintained; The analysis module control instruction generation cycle is ≤100ms, the light sensing tracking response time is <50ms, and the tracking accuracy error is ±0.5°.

5. The spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function according to claim 4, characterized in that: The light sensing tracking module includes a hemispherical photosensitive cover. A light sensor is integrated inside the photosensitive cover. The light sensor is provided with a four-quadrant silicon photocell. A light-transmitting hole is opened on the top of the photosensitive cover.

6. The spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thermal energy conversion module comprises: Black iron plate heat collecting assembly, which uses black iron plate laid flat on the lighting surface, with copper tubes set on the surface of the black iron plate. The copper tubes are connected in series with the steam generator set through pipes, and a circulation pump is set on the pipes to drive the water circulation in the copper tubes; The black iron plate heat collecting assembly is arranged in a heat-insulating frame, and the top of the heat-insulating frame is covered with double-layer insulating glass; The speed of the circulating pump is positively correlated with the speed of the steam turbine of the steam generator set. The speed of the circulating pump is controlled by a steam pressure closed loop. The speed of the steam turbine of the steam generator set is adjusted by a frequency converter. The speeds of the circulating pump and the speed of the steam turbine of the steam generator set are controlled in a linked manner by a PLC. The ratio of the black iron plate heat collection surface area to the spherical solar cell main body projected area is 1.5:

1.

7. The spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function according to claim 6, characterized in that: The energy storage module includes: An MPPT controller is provided with a communication interface; A lithium battery pack consisting of 20 ternary lithium batteries connected in series, and the lithium battery pack is equipped with a battery management system; The MPPT controller and the lithium battery pack are connected via a connecting wire, the outer surface of the connecting wire is covered with a braided mesh, the connecting wire is provided with a waterproof connector, and the pins of the connecting wire are silver-plated.

8. The spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the analysis module establishes the energy management mapping relationship, it includes: The analysis module is further configured to determine a power supply mode according to a relationship between light intensity and a preset light intensity threshold L1 and a preset light intensity threshold L2 configured by the analysis module and a temperature difference threshold ΔT0, where L1<L2: When the light intensity is ≥ L2, the analysis module issues an instruction to give priority to power supply to the solar power generation module and charge the energy storage module; When L1≤light intensity<L2, the analysis module issues an instruction for the solar power generation module and the thermal energy conversion module to supply power in parallel; When the light intensity is less than L1 and the temperature difference is greater than or equal to ΔT0, the analysis module issues an instruction to start the independent power supply of the thermal energy conversion module; When the light intensity is less than L1 and the temperature difference is less than ΔT0, the analysis module issues an instruction to switch to the energy storage module for power supply; Among them, the energy storage module power SOC is monitored in real time, and when SOC ≤ 20%, the traditional charging interface compatibility mode is triggered.

9. The spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function according to claim 8, characterized in that: The central control module synchronization adjustment strategy includes: The light tracking adjustment controls the metal gear servo to drive the sphere to rotate horizontally at a speed of 5° / s, and the planetary gear reduction motor drives the screw to adjust the elevation angle, so that the battery body is perpendicular to the incident light of the sun; Heat energy conversion regulation: Based on the data from the steam pressure sensor, the circulation pump speed is controlled by the signal generated by the analysis module to control the steam pressure between 0.5-0.8MPa; Energy storage management adjustment: when the temperature of the lithium battery pack is ≥45℃, the cooling fan is started; when the temperature is ≥60℃, the charging current is reduced to 5A and an alarm is issued; System debugging and testing include: Light sensing test: block different quadrants of the four-quadrant silicon photocell and respond within 1 second within the spherical frame. The tracking light sensing accuracy error is ≤±1°; Power generation test: under standard conditions, the solar power generation module output power ≥ 200W, and the thermal energy module outputs an additional ≥ 20W when the temperature difference is 30℃; The vibration test is simulated by a vibration table, the vibration frequency of the vibration table is set to 10-50 Hz, the acceleration is 3G, the vibration table scanning time is 30 minutes, the connection of each component is not loose, and the circuit impedance change is ≤5%.

10. A spherical solar power generation method with automatic tracking function, characterized in that: The spherical solar power generation system with automatic tracking function as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: Detect the solar azimuth and altitude in real time and generate tracking signals; Convert light energy and radiant heat energy into electrical energy and store the electrical energy; Generate control instructions for horizontal rotation and elevation adjustment based on the detected solar position data. Determine power generation efficiency and energy allocation strategies based on the output data of the solar power generation module and thermal energy conversion module. Establish energy management mapping relationships based on the power status of the energy storage module. Receive control instructions and synchronously adjust the light tracking angle, circulation pump speed and charging and discharging strategy.

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