Sea and mountain ecosystem energy flow path evaluation system based on coupling evaluation indexes

Abstract

The invention discloses a coupling evaluation index-based energy flow path evaluation system for a sea-mountain ecosystem, and relates to the technical field of marine ecological evaluation and management, and the system comprises an evaluation center which is in communication connection with a region deployment module, a multi-source collection module, a coupling analysis module, an energy evaluation module, a data management module and a decision support module. According to the system, systematic and standardized collection of biological and environmental data in the sea and mountainous areas is realized through gridding partition of the region deployment module and directional equipment layout in combination with layered collection of the multi-source collection module and standardized pretreatment of samples; the coupling analysis module constructs a coupling index, analyzes an energy flow key path, screens a key environment factor and provides a quantitative evaluation basis; and the energy evaluation module calculates the efficiency of the biological pump, evaluates benthic food supply and spatial change and visually presents the benthic food supply and spatial change, so that refined evaluation and management of ecological energy flow in the western pacific sea mountainous area are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine ecological assessment and management, and more particularly to a seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupled evaluation indicators. Background Art

[0002] As a unique ecological unit in the ocean, seamount ecosystems possess distinct biome structures and energy flow patterns. Deepwater seamounts in the western Pacific, in particular, are rich in benthic species and possess distinctive faunal characteristics, making them important vehicles for studying marine biodiversity and ecosystem function. Current research on seamount ecosystems has largely focused on single species surveys or analysis of local environmental factors, lacking coupled analysis of biological and environmental factors, making it difficult to systematically assess energy flow pathways and ecosystem function.

[0003] Existing technologies suffer from the following deficiencies: Data collection lacks a systematic, hierarchical and zoning-based design, making it difficult to compare ecological data from different depths and regions; a coupled evaluation index system for organisms and the environment is not established, making it impossible to quantify the relationship between the two; and simplistic energy flow pathway analysis methods ignore the complex trophic relationships between species, resulting in ambiguous identification of key pathways. To address this, this paper proposes a seamount ecosystem energy flow pathway assessment system based on coupled evaluation indicators. Through zoning deployment, hierarchical data collection, and coupled analysis, this system achieves a systematic assessment of energy flows in seamount ecosystems, providing support for marine ecological protection and management. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators, comprising an assessment center, the assessment center being communicatively connected to a regional deployment module, a multi-source acquisition module, a coupling analysis module, an energy assessment module, a data management module, and a decision support module; The regional deployment module is used to grid-zone the western Pacific seamount area and deploy water layer monitoring equipment, benthic sampling equipment, and environmental sensing equipment in each zone; The multi-source acquisition module collects biological and environmental data at preset depth levels; The coupling analysis module extracts biological and environmental characteristic parameters to construct an organism-environment coupling indicator system, analyze the key energy flow paths, and identify the key environmental factors that drive the spatial variation of the community; The energy assessment module calculates the efficiency of the biological pump and assesses the food supply and spatial variation of benthic organisms; The data management module associates and stores various types of data and realizes multi-dimensional visualization; The decision support module generates a draft framework for the environmental management plan for the seamount area.

[0006] Optionally, the operation process of the regional deployment module includes: Obtain the latitude and longitude range of the seamount area, divide it into cells according to 5km×5km grids, and exclude cells with water depth less than 2000 meters; Cluster the remaining units into assessment sub-areas of 50–100 km²; Record the coordinates of each subarea boundary, average water depth, and terrain type; Equipment groups are deployed in the center of each partition and in the four directions around it.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solutions, spatial guarantees are provided for the accurate acquisition of seamount ecosystem data, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the seamount terrain characteristics and lays the foundation for subsequent analysis of the impact of terrain on the ecosystem.

[0008] Optionally, the acquisition process of the multi-source acquisition module includes: Set depth levels d (d = 1, 2, …, y), where the dth level is (d-1) × 500 + 1 to d × 500 meters, until the maximum water depth of the seamount area is covered; The equipment is activated layer by layer, with each layer collecting data for 2-4 hours. Water temperature, salinity, current speed, and plankton data are collected through the water layer equipment. The benthic equipment collects benthic species, number, biomass, and sediment samples. Environmental sensors collect dissolved oxygen, light, and nutrient concentrations. All data are labeled and transmitted to the evaluation center.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solutions, we can ensure that the collected data can fully reflect the biological and environmental conditions at different depths of the seamount ecosystem, ensure the integrity and representativeness of the data, and enable the collected data to accurately reflect the ecosystem characteristics at each depth level.

[0010] Optionally, the operation process of the coupling analysis module includes: Extract biological characteristic parameters and environmental characteristic parameters. Biological characteristic parameters include species richness, trophic level mean, and biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio. Environmental characteristic parameters include vertical gradient of water temperature, ratio of peak to mean nutrient concentration, and ocean current velocity vector. Constructing bio-environment coupling indicators: species-environment correlation, energy transfer efficiency coefficient, and trophic level coupling index; Analyze the key energy flow paths: divide trophic levels, construct energy flow matrix, determine food sources and contribution rates, and screen key paths; Identify key environmental factors: preliminarily screen candidate factors and eliminate interfering factors.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solutions, the quantification of the correlation strength between organisms and the environment and trophic levels is achieved, providing a scientific quantitative basis for in-depth analysis of the energy flow path of the ecosystem, comprehensively and accurately analyzing the key energy flow paths, identifying the key paths with higher probability and related characteristics, and contributing to a deeper understanding of the energy flow mechanism of the ecosystem.

[0012] Optionally, the operation process of the energy assessment module includes calculating the biological pump efficiency, evaluating the food supply of benthic organisms, analyzing spatial variation characteristics, and generating visualization results.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solutions, the carbon fixation and burial efficiency in seamount ecosystems can be intuitively reflected, which is helpful for evaluating the carbon cycle function of the ecosystem, conducive to evaluating the food supply status of benthic organisms, and providing a reference for protecting benthic biological resources.

[0014] Optionally, the operation process of the data management module includes: Establish an associated index of biological data, environmental data, and energy assessment results, and store them by partition number; Set three levels of access permissions, with different permissions corresponding to different data operation scopes; Three-dimensional modeling technology is used to convert energy pathways into dynamic maps, and heat maps are used to show the spatial distribution of biological pump efficiency and food supply; Generate interactive charts.

[0015] Optionally, the operation process of the decision support module includes: integrating biological community difference data, biological pump efficiency level, and food supply adequacy index; setting protection priority evaluation indicators and weighted scoring to obtain S_p; dividing the area into core protection areas, key control areas, and general monitoring areas according to S_p; formulating control indicators for different areas; and generating a draft management plan framework.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Through the regional deployment module's grid-based zoning and directional equipment deployment, combined with the multi-source acquisition module's layered collection and standardized sample preprocessing, the system achieves systematic and standardized collection of biological and environmental data in seamount areas. The coupling analysis module constructs coupling indicators, analyzes key energy flow pathways, and screens key environmental factors, providing a basis for quantitative assessment. The energy assessment module calculates biological pump efficiency, assesses benthic food supply and spatial variations, and presents them visually. The data management module establishes association indexes, ensures security through permission control, and achieves multi-dimensional visualization. The decision support module divides protected areas and formulates control measures based on weighted scores of multi-dimensional data. Through modular design and multi-source data integration, the system achieves refined assessment and management of ecological energy flows in seamount areas of the Western Pacific. 2. The coupling analysis module extracts biological and environmental characteristic parameters to construct a system of biological-environment coupling indicators, including species-environment correlation, energy transfer efficiency coefficient, and trophic level coupling index, thereby quantifying the strength of the correlation between organisms, the environment, and trophic levels. At the same time, it integrates multidisciplinary methods such as 16SrRNA sequencing, gastric content analysis, stable isotope analysis, and Bayesian network models to analyze key energy flow pathways, identifying key pathways with a probability exceeding 10% and related characteristics. Through multi-level logic screening of key environmental factors, interference is effectively eliminated, ultimately providing a systematic, accurate, and quantifiable core analysis basis for the assessment of energy flow pathways and subsequent ecological management of seamount ecosystems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following describes the implementation of the present invention using specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. Obviously, the embodiments described are only a portion of the present invention, not all of it. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0021] Refer to the attached Figure 1 The seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators in this embodiment includes an assessment center, which is communicatively connected to a regional deployment module, a multi-source acquisition module, a coupling analysis module, an energy assessment module, a data management module, and a decision support module. Through modular design and multi-source data fusion, it realizes the refined assessment and management of ecological energy flow in the seamount area of ​​the western Pacific Ocean.

[0022] The regional deployment module is used to grid the western Pacific seamount area into zones numbered p (p = 1, 2, …, x). Water layer monitoring equipment, benthic sampling equipment, and environmental sensing equipment are deployed in each zone. The specific operation process is as follows: Gridding: Obtain the longitude and latitude range of the western Pacific seamount area (e.g., 130°E-170°E, 10°N-30°N), divide it into 5 km × 5 km grid cells, and use the bathymetric data to eliminate cells with a depth of less than 2000 meters, retaining the deep-water seamount area; Sub-region clustering: cluster the remaining grid cells into 50-100 square kilometers of evaluation sub-regions according to terrain similarity, and number them in the order from west to east and from north to south as p = 1, 2, ..., x; Topographic data recording: Use a multibeam echosounder to obtain the boundary coordinates of each subarea (e.g., the boundary for p=1 is 130°E-131°E, 20°N-21°N), average water depth (e.g., 2500 m ± 50 m), and topographic type (e.g., seamount top, slope, basin); Equipment deployment: One set of equipment is deployed in each partition center and in the east, south, west, and north directions. Each set includes a CTD profiler, a plankton collector, a benthic sampler, and an environmental sensor. The equipment is bound to the partition p through the Beidou positioning system, and a device-region association table is generated and stored in the evaluation center database.

[0023] The multi-source acquisition module collects biological data (species, number, biomass, genetic information) and environmental data (water temperature, salinity, nutrients) at preset depth levels. The specific operation process is as follows: Depth level setting: Set the depth level d (d=1,2,…,y), where the dth level is (d-1)×500+1 to d×500 meters. For example, d=1 is 1-500 meters, d=2 is 501-1000 meters, and so on, until the maximum water depth of the seamount area is covered; Acquisition timing control: Start the equipment in sequence according to the depth layer, and collect data for 2-4 hours per layer to ensure the integrity and representativeness of the data; Data collection content: (i) Water layer equipment: Continuous plankton collectors are used to obtain the species and abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton; vertical profile data of water temperature and salinity are collected using a CTD profiler; and current velocity and direction are measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler. (ii) Benthic equipment: Benthic organism samples were collected using box samplers and multi-tube samplers, and the species, number and biomass were recorded. Seabed videos were taken using remotely operated underwater vehicles to assist in recording the distribution of macrobenthic organisms. (iii) Environmental sensors: collect real-time data on dissolved oxygen concentration, light intensity, and nutrient concentrations such as nitrate, phosphate, and silicate; Data marking and transmission: All collected data are marked with partition number p and depth level , transmitted to the evaluation center via satellite communication or underwater acoustic communication.

[0024] The specific implementation methods of layered collection include: At depth level d = 1 (1-500 m): a surface plankton net (mesh size 50 μm) was activated for horizontal trawl collection, and a shallow water sensor array (including temperature, salinity, and light sensors) was simultaneously activated, recording data every 30 minutes, focusing on capturing data related to phytoplankton distribution and primary productivity; At depth levels d = 2-4 (501-2000 m): a mid-water trawl (mesh size 200 μm) was used in a "descent-stop-ascent" mode, with a descent and ascent speed controlled at 0.5 m / s. During the stop phase (each stop was 100 m apart), environmental data were recorded every 10 minutes, and samples of zooplankton and small swimming organisms were collected. At depth level d ≥ 5 (> 2000 m): Activate the benthic remote sampling system, with its robotic arm grabbing a sediment core sample (length ≥ 50 cm). Onboard sensors simultaneously record sediment temperature and chemical parameters such as pore water pH and redox potential, and collect samples of benthic macroorganisms and microorganisms. (If the maximum water depth is not an integer multiple of 500 m, the final level endpoint is the actual maximum water depth.) Sample pretreatment: Plankton samples were immediately fixed with 4% formaldehyde solution at a volume ratio of sample:fixative = 1:3; Benthic samples were classified by phylum (e.g., polychaetes, crustaceans, echinoderms), and morphological parameters such as body length and weight were measured; Genetic samples (such as muscle and gill tissue) were stored in a -80°C cold storage box to avoid DNA degradation; Data processing timeliness: Environmental data is sent to the assessment center via a real-time transmission link, and biological sample data is laboratory analyzed (such as species identification and biomass calculation) and entered into the system within 24 hours.

[0025] The coupling analysis module constructs an indicator system for biological-environmental coupling, analyzes energy flow pathways, and identifies key environmental factors driving spatial variation in communities. The specific operation process is as follows: a. Feature parameter extraction (i) Biological characteristic parameters: species richness, trophic level mean, and biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio; Species richness refers to the total number of species in a specific area, reflecting the species richness of the area. Assuming that in a specific area (such as a seamount area), the number of species obtained through survey and statistics is S, then the species richness R=S.

[0026] The trophic level refers to the level of an organism in the food chain. The trophic level mean refers to the average value of the trophic levels of all organisms in an ecosystem, reflecting the average level of energy flow and material circulation in the ecosystem. species, The trophic level of a species is , then the mean trophic level The calculation formula is: ; Indicates the biomass of the species.

[0027] Biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio refers to the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in an organism. ; is the carbon content in the organism, The nitrogen content in the body.

[0028] Species richness, trophic level mean and biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio are used to reflect the basic structure and material cycle status of the biological community.

[0029] (ii) Environmental characteristic parameters: vertical gradient of water temperature (temperature change per 100 m of water depth), ratio of peak to mean nutrient concentration, and ocean current velocity vector; The calculation formula of the vertical gradient of water temperature is as follows: ; in, and Represents the water temperature measured at depths of d meters and d+100 meters (unit: °C), that is, the temperature change rate between adjacent 100-meter depth layers is calculated. For example, if the water temperature at a depth of 100 meters is 15 °C and at a depth of 200 meters is 10 °C, then the vertical gradient of the water temperature is ; The ratio of peak to mean nutrient concentration is calculated as follows: Set up at a series of depth levels ( =1,2,…,y), nutrients (such as nitrate) at each depth The concentration is . The mean nutrient concentration : ; Peak nutrient concentration: ; Then the peak-to-mean ratio is: ; For example, in the five depth levels (y=5), the nitrate concentrations are =1mg / L, =2mg / L, =3mg / L, =2mg / L, =1mg / L, then the mean =1.8mg / L, peak value =3mg / L, the peak-to-mean ratio is 3 / 1.8≈1.67.

[0030] Calculation of ocean current velocity vector: The ocean current velocity vector is usually expressed in two-dimensional coordinates. Let the component of the ocean current in the east-west direction (x-axis) be , and its component in the north-south direction (y-axis) is , then the ocean current velocity vector =( ). The magnitude of the ocean current speed and direction (With due north as 0° and clockwise as positive) it can be calculated using the following formula: ; ; For example, if the east-west component of the ocean current is measured =0.5m / s, the component in the north-south direction =0.866m / s, then the ocean current speed is =1m / s, direction ≈30°.

[0031] b. Constructing bio-environment coupling indicators Species-environment correlation: Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between each species and environmental factors. The value range is [-1, 1]. A positive number indicates that the number of species increases with the increase of the factor, that is, positive correlation, while a negative number indicates the opposite relationship, that is, negative correlation; Energy transfer efficiency coefficient: η = (biomass of the next level / biomass of the previous level) × 100%, reflecting the efficiency of energy transfer from lower trophic levels to higher trophic levels in the food chain; Trophic level coupling index: λ=α×|correlation coefficient|+β×η, where α+β=1, α=0.6, and β=0.4. It can be adjusted according to the ecosystem type to comprehensively reflect the coupling intensity between species and the environment and trophic levels.

[0032] c. Analyze the key paths of energy flow Trophic level classification: 16S rRNA gene sequencing is performed on collected biological samples to determine the relationship between species. Food residues in the digestive tract of organisms are also analyzed. Combining the two, organisms are divided into four trophic levels: producers (such as phytoplankton), primary consumers (such as herbivorous zooplankton), secondary consumers (such as small carnivorous organisms), and tertiary consumers (such as large carnivorous organisms). Construct an energy flow matrix: With 10 representative species as the core, construct a 10×10 energy flow matrix, where the rows represent source species and the columns represent destination species, such as producers (level 1) to primary consumers (level 2). = (biomass of level 2 / biomass of level 1) × 100%, and so on to construct a 10 × 10 matrix, where the matrix element M(i, j) represents the energy transfer from species i to species j (unit: kJ / m² / d); Determine food sources and contribution rate: by δ¹³C (indicating carbon source) and (Indicates trophic level) Analyze the stable isotopes in organisms and calculate the contribution rate r_i of each organism to different food sources. For example, a primary consumer may feed 60% on phytoplankton and 40% on organic detritus. Ensure that the sum of r_i from all sources is 1, that is, Σr_i=1; Screening key paths: Input data such as the total amount of organisms, energy transfer efficiency η, and food source contribution rate r_i into the Bayesian network model. After simulation calculation, the probability of the existence of each energy path is obtained, and paths with a probability of more than 10% are screened as key paths, such as "phytoplankton → krill → lantern fish". The identity of the species in the path, the amount of energy transferred, and the seasonal variation pattern are recorded, such as the transfer amount in summer is higher than that in winter.

[0033] d. Identify key environmental factors Initial screening of candidate factors: Analyze differences in species composition of biological communities and use environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, nutrients, and ocean currents as influencing factors. Calculate the regression coefficient of each factor through stepwise regression analysis and select factors with a significant impact on community differences, i.e., factors with an absolute value of the regression coefficient > 0.3, as candidate factors. Eliminate interference factors: perform principal component analysis on candidate factors, retain factor combinations that can reflect major environmental changes, that is, those with eigenvalues ​​> 1, and at the same time check the correlation between factors, eliminate factors with strong correlations, that is, those with variance inflation factors > 10, and ultimately determine the key environmental factors that have the most significant impact on the spatial distribution of biological communities, such as nutrient concentration, ocean current speed, etc.

[0034] The coupling analysis module extracts biological and environmental characteristic parameters to construct a system of biological-environment coupling indicators, including species-environment correlation, energy transfer efficiency coefficient, and trophic level coupling index, thereby quantifying the strength of the correlation between organisms and the environment and trophic levels. At the same time, it integrates multidisciplinary methods such as 16SrRNA sequencing, gastric content analysis, stable isotope analysis, and Bayesian network models to analyze key energy flow pathways, identifying key pathways with a probability of over 10% and related characteristics. Through the multi-level logical screening of key environmental factors using "stepwise regression screening-principal component analysis dimensionality reduction-variance inflation factor decollinearity", interference is effectively eliminated, ultimately providing a systematic, accurate, and quantifiable core analysis basis for the energy flow pathway assessment and subsequent ecological management of seamount ecosystems.

[0035] The energy assessment module calculates the efficiency of the biological pump and assesses the food supply and spatial variation of benthic organisms. The specific operation process is as follows: a. Calculate the efficiency of the biological pump Collect data on phytoplankton biomass, organic carbon export, and sediment organic carbon storage at different depth levels in each sub-area; The biological pump efficiency is calculated using the formula: Biological pump efficiency = (sediment organic carbon burial capacity ÷ total carbon fixed by phytoplankton) × 100%, where the total carbon fixed by phytoplankton is calculated by combining the photosynthesis rate with the collected biomass data: C 总 =B×P×t Among them, C 总 represents the total amount of carbon fixed by phytoplankton, B represents the phytoplankton biomass, and P represents the photosynthesis rate; The efficiency values ​​of biological pumps are calculated by zone and divided into efficiency levels: high: ≥30%, medium: 15%-30%, and low: <15%.

[0036] b. Assess benthic food supply Determine the food sources of benthic organisms, including phytoplankton remains, organic debris, small zooplankton, etc., through stable isotope analysis, such as δ¹³C, , calculate the contribution ratio of each source, the calculation formula (taking two food sources as an example) is as follows: Assume that the stable isotope value of a benthic organism (consumer) is , the isotope values ​​of the two potential food sources are and , the isotope fractionation factor is Δ (Δ refers to the isotope difference between the consumer and the food, usually determined from the literature, such as The fractionation factor is about 3.4‰, and δ¹³C is about 0.4‰), then: Corrected isotope values ​​of food sources: ; Contribution ratio equation: ; in, is the contribution ratio of food source 1, is the contribution ratio of food source 2 (range 0-1); Combined with the biomass and metabolic requirements of benthic organisms, the food supply per unit area is calculated: ; in, Indicates the i The biomass per unit area of ​​food grown, Indicates the i The carbon content of each food source, Indicates the i The contribution ratio of different food sources to benthic organisms, k represents the food availability coefficient (0-1), k Set according to food type, such as phytoplankton residues k =0.8 ， organic debris k =0.5, n Indicates the total types of food sources; The food adequacy index was introduced: food adequacy index = (actual food supply ÷ total demand of benthic organisms) × 10, where an index ≥ 8 indicates sufficient supply, 5-8 indicates basic satisfaction, and < 5 indicates insufficient supply.

[0037] c. Analyze spatial variation characteristics The average values ​​of biological pump efficiency, food supply and sufficiency index were calculated by partition p; Compare data from different regions to identify spatial differences, such as the difference in values ​​near the top of a seamount and in the ocean basin; Key environmental factors obtained by the coupled analysis module, such as nutrient concentration and ocean current speed, are combined to explain the driving factors of spatial variation. For example, high nutrient areas generally have higher biological pump efficiency and food supply due to high phytoplankton productivity.

[0038] The energy assessment module generates visualization results through the following processes: Draw a distribution map of biological pump efficiency by zone, and mark the levels with red (high), yellow (medium), and blue (low); Draw a spatial variation map of benthic food supply, using contour lines to represent the gradient of supply, and superimpose sufficiency index labels, such as "sufficient" and "insufficient"; The distribution map is associated with the terrain data to generate a three-dimensional overlay map, which intuitively shows the spatial correlation between energy-related indicators and terrain.

[0039] The data management module associates and stores various types of data and realizes multi-dimensional visualization. The specific operation process is as follows: For the biological data and environmental data obtained by the multi-source acquisition module, as well as the results generated by the energy assessment module, such as biological pump efficiency and food supply, a correlation index system with "partition number p" as the core is established; Set three levels of access rights (administrator, analyst, and guest), with different permissions corresponding to different data operation scopes: Administrator privileges: can enter newly collected raw data through the system background, modify or delete erroneous data, and export all data. They are responsible for creating and deleting user accounts, assigning user privileges, and recording user operation logs to ensure that data operations are traceable. Analyst permissions: can query, download data and perform analysis and modeling, but cannot modify the original data; Visitor permissions: can only view the system's public statistical results and multi-dimensional visualization charts, and cannot obtain the original data; Three-dimensional modeling technology is used to convert energy pathways into dynamic maps, and heat maps are used to show the spatial distribution of biological pump efficiency and food supply; Generate interactive charts (such as line charts and bar charts), support filtering data by depth level d and partition p, and include data such as data collection time and device ID.

[0040] The decision support module generates a draft framework for the Haishan District Environmental Management Plan. The specific operation process is as follows: Integrate data on biome differences, biological pump efficiency ratings, and food supply adequacy indices; Set conservation priority evaluation indicators, such as biodiversity and energy pathway integrity, and use weighted scores to obtain S_p. S_p is obtained by scoring the preset conservation priority evaluation indicators separately, combining the weights of each indicator to calculate the total score, and using "single indicator score × indicator weight" to calculate the weighted score of each indicator. Then, all weighted scores are added together to obtain S_p. For example, assuming the evaluation indicators are "biodiversity" and "energy pathway integrity", with weights of 0.6 and 0.4 respectively, if the score of biodiversity is 85 points and the score of energy pathway integrity is 75 points, then S_p = 85 × 0.6 + 75 × 0.4 = 51 + 30 = 81 points; According to S_p, the zone is divided into core protection area, key control area and general monitoring area: Core protected areas (S_p ≥ 80 points): Any development activities (such as mining and fishing) are prohibited, and only scientific research is allowed (no more than one sampling per year); Key control areas (60≤S_p<80 points): Sampling frequency is limited (no more than 3 times per year) and large-scale engineering activities are prohibited; General monitoring area (S_p<60 points): Set pollutant emission limits, such as petroleum ≤0.05mg / L, and require development activities to undergo environmental impact assessment.

[0041] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupled evaluation indicators, including an assessment center, characterized by: The communication connections of the evaluation center are: Regional deployment module: used to grid-zone the western Pacific seamount area and deploy water layer monitoring equipment, benthic sampling equipment, and environmental sensing equipment in each zone; Multi-source acquisition module: collects biological and environmental data at preset depth levels; Coupling Analysis Module: By extracting biological and environmental characteristic parameters, it constructs an organism-environment coupling indicator system, analyzes the key energy flow paths, and identifies the key environmental factors that drive the spatial variation of the community; Energy assessment module: calculates biological pump efficiency, assesses benthic food supply and spatial variation; Data management module: associates and stores various types of data and realizes multi-dimensional visualization; Decision support module: Produce a draft framework for the environmental management plan for the seamount area.

2. The seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The operation process of the regional deployment module includes: Obtain the latitude and longitude range of the seamount area, divide it into cells according to 5km×5km grids, and exclude cells with water depth less than 2000 meters; Cluster the remaining units into assessment sub-areas of 50–100 km²; Record the coordinates of each subarea boundary, average water depth, and terrain type; Equipment groups are deployed in the center of each partition and in the four directions around it.

3. The seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The acquisition process of the multi-source acquisition module includes: Set depth levels d (d = 1, 2, …, y), where the dth level is (d-1) × 500 + 1 to d × 500 meters, until the maximum water depth of the seamount area is covered; Start the equipment by level, and the collection time for each level is 2-4 hours; Water layer equipment collects data on water temperature, salinity, current speed, and plankton; benthic equipment collects benthic species, number, biomass, and sediment samples; and environmental sensors collect dissolved oxygen, light, and nutrient concentrations. All data are labeled and transmitted to the evaluation center.

4. The seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The process of extracting biological characteristic parameters and environmental characteristic parameters by the coupling analysis module includes: Extraction of biological characteristic parameters: Counting the total number of species in a specific area to determine species richness; calculating the weighted average of all trophic levels of organisms in the ecosystem to obtain the trophic level mean; measuring the carbon and nitrogen content in organisms and calculating the ratio of the two to obtain the biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio; Extraction of environmental characteristic parameters: Calculate the temperature difference between adjacent 100-meter water depths to obtain the vertical water temperature gradient; count the peak and mean nutrient concentrations and calculate the ratio; calculate the current velocity and direction through the east-west and north-south current components to obtain the current velocity vector.

5. The seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The process of constructing the biological-environmental coupling index system by the coupling analysis module includes: Calculation of species-environment association: Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to calculate the association coefficient between each species and environmental factors, with the value range being [-1, 1]; Calculate the energy transfer efficiency coefficient: according to the formula η = (biomass of the next level / biomass of the previous level) × 100%; Nutrient coupling index: calculated according to the formula λ=α×|correlation coefficient|+β×η.

6. The seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The process of analyzing the key energy flow path by the coupling analysis module includes: Trophic level classification: Combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing and stomach content analysis, organisms are divided into four trophic levels: producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers; Construct an energy flow matrix: With 10 representative species as the core, a 10×10 matrix was constructed; Determine food sources and contribution rates: by using δ¹³C and Stable isotope analysis to calculate the contribution of each organism to different food sources; Screening key paths: Input the total amount of organisms, energy transfer efficiency η, and contribution rate r_i into the Bayesian network model, and screen out paths with an existence probability of more than 10% as key paths.

7. The seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The process of identifying key environmental factors by the coupling analysis module includes: Preliminary screening of candidate factors: Taking the differences in species composition of biological communities as the target, through stepwise regression analysis, environmental factors with an absolute value of regression coefficient > 0.3 were selected as candidate factors; Eliminate interference factors: Perform principal component analysis on candidate factors, retain factors with eigenvalues ​​> 1, and eliminate strongly correlated factors with variance inflation factors > 10 to ultimately determine key environmental factors.

8. The seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators according to claim 7 is characterized by: The operation process of the energy assessment module includes calculating the efficiency of the biological pump, evaluating the food supply of benthic organisms, analyzing spatial variation characteristics, and generating visualization results.

9. The seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The operation process of the data management module includes: Establish an associated index of biological data, environmental data, and energy assessment results, and store them by partition number; Set three levels of access permissions, with different permissions corresponding to different data operation scopes; Three-dimensional modeling technology is used to convert energy pathways into dynamic maps, and heat maps are used to show the spatial distribution of biological pump efficiency and food supply; Generate interactive charts.

10. The seamount ecosystem energy flow path assessment system based on coupling evaluation indicators according to claim 9 is characterized by: The operation process of the decision support module includes: Integrate data on biome differences, biological pump efficiency ratings, and food supply adequacy indices; Set protection priority evaluation indicators and weighted score to get S_p; According to S_p, the zone is divided into core protection area, key control area and general monitoring area; Formulate control indicators for different regions; Produce a draft management plan framework.

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