Compound furrowing and soil covering seeder for rice stubble wheat in paddy-upland rotation area

Abstract

The invention relates to a compound furrowing and soil covering seeder for rice stubble wheat in paddy-upland rotation areas. The compound furrowing and soil covering seeder comprises a rack, a gearbox, a fertilizer discharging mechanism, a seed discharging mechanism, a rotary blade group, a furrowing mechanism, a shallow rotary blade group, a soil flow guide mechanism, a strip quantitative soil covering mechanism, a pressing mechanism and a transmission mechanism. The rotary blade group is used for performing strip tillage operation on wheat seeding seedling strips, and the furrowing mechanism is used for furrowing drainage furrows and shaping furrow walls; a shallow rotary cutter group is used for secondarily crushing soil blocks and cleaning straws in a sowing seedling zone area, a soil diversion mechanism is used for gathering ditch soil backwards by utilizing a diversion cover shell, and then the ditch soil is uniformly thrown onto soil bearing plates on two sides by a diversion fan controlled by a diversion fan motor in a speed regulation manner; a variable-pitch auger of the strip quantitative soil covering mechanism efficiently and intensively covers ditch soil on a soil bearing plate to a middle sowing strip, soil covering is completed, it is ensured that soil covering is uniform and consistent, and finally the soil is compacted by a pressing mechanism. In the whole process, all procedures of fertilization, rotary tillage, furrowing and shallow rotary tillage, seeding, furrow soil diversion and soil covering and pressing are compactly completed at a time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a compound seeder for wheat after rice stubble in a wet-dry rotation area with furrow opening and soil covering. Background Art

[0002] Wheat cultivation after rice is primarily distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and southern Huanghuai regions, with Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Henan as core production areas. Improving the quality of mechanized sowing of wheat after rice is a key approach to achieving efficient land resource utilization and ensuring grain production. However, due to factors such as heavy clay soils and frequent waterlogging in the wetland-dryland rotation region, the application of mechanized sowing technology in this region faces challenges such as insufficient equipment adaptability, low operational efficiency, and unstable sowing quality, resulting in low wheat after rice yields.

[0003] The existing rice stubble wheat seeder in the wet-dry rotation area, such as the Chinese invention patent application entitled "A rice stubble wheat anti-entanglement fertilization seeder for paddy fields" (CN 115443766 A), has an anti-entanglement mechanism on the bottom surface of the frame. Through the cooperation of the first cutting part and the second cutting part, the wheel rotation drives the reciprocating screw and cam to move, thereby achieving reciprocating cutting of weeds and reducing the interference of weeds on fertilization and sowing operations; for example, the Chinese invention patent application entitled "A rice stubble wheat anti-entanglement no-tillage fertilization seeder for paddy fields" (CN 106817937 A) can complete the processes of straw chopping, stubble removal, grass separation, furrowing, fertilization, sowing and pressing at one time. The furrowing spiral assembly uses spiral blades and curved blades to level the field and separate straw stubble, and uses the truncated cone-shaped ground wheel to press the surface into a V-shaped terrain to assist drainage; for example, the Chinese invention patent application entitled "A wet and rotten field rice stubble wheat rotary tillage, stubble removal, fertilization, sowing and furrowing compound operation machine" (CN 111316775A), a rotary tillage device is designed that combines a counter-rotating cutter shaft group with a forward-rotating small cutter shaft group. An adjustable baffle is used to reduce the blockage of the seed drop tube due to wet soil, and an independently mounted selective furrowing mechanism is used to realize the furrowing operation.

[0004] However, the above technology still has the following shortcomings: some models do not have integrated efficient ditching and drainage functions, resulting in the inability to drain water from paddy fields in a timely manner, and seeds are easily rotten due to waterlogging and lack of oxygen; although some models have ditching functions, the ditching depth is insufficient, the ditch shape is irregular, and the soil backfill phenomenon is significant. The ability to respond to drainage needs under complex soil moisture conditions in paddy fields is limited, and it is difficult to achieve a coordinated improvement in sowing quality and drainage efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound furrow-opening and soil-covering seeder for rice and wheat in water-land rotation areas, which improves the sowing quality and drainage efficiency by integrating the operating procedures of reverse rotation deep furrowing, directional diversion of furrowed soil, quantitative strip covering, multi-sensor collaborative control and strip suppression and anti-blocking.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A compound open-furrow soil-covering seeder for wheat after rice stubble in a wet-dry rotation area comprises a frame 1, a gearbox 2, a fertilizer discharge mechanism 3, a seed discharge mechanism 4, a rotary tillage blade group 5, a suppression mechanism 10 and a transmission mechanism 11; the frame 1 comprises a front crossbeam 101, a middle crossbeam 102, a rear crossbeam 103, side longitudinal beams 104, a middle longitudinal beam 105, a suspension assembly 106, a front cover plate 107, a rear cover plate 108, side plates 109 and a depth limit plate 110.

[0008] The frame 1 is provided with an IMU inertial measurement unit 111 for acquiring posture information and vibration interference data during operation of the machine, and a three-dimensional laser radar 113 for scanning the excavated trench and acquiring trench cross-sectional information.

[0009] The gearbox 2 is fixedly connected between the front crossbeam 101 and the middle crossbeam 102 along the longitudinal axis of the machine, and passes through the front cover 107; a front trenching shovel 201 is provided at the lower front end of the gearbox 2; a soil moisture sensor 202 for obtaining soil moisture content information is provided at the rear of the front trenching shovel 201.

[0010] Two fertilizer discharge mechanisms 3 are arranged on the front cover plate 107, located on the left and right sides of the gearbox 2; three fertilizer discharge pipes are arranged at the lower end of each fertilizer discharge mechanism 3, and the bottom ends of the fertilizer discharge pipes extend to the front end surface of the front crossbeam 101; the seed discharge mechanism 4 is arranged on the rear end cover plate 108; two rotary tillage mechanisms are arranged below the front cover plate 107, and the inner ends of the rotary tillage shafts of the two rotary tillage blade mechanisms are connected to the lower power transmission shaft of the gearbox 2, and the outer ends of the rotary tillage shafts are installed on the two side plates 109; each rotary tillage shaft is provided with six groups of rotary tillage blade groups 5, and two adjacent groups of rotary tillage blade groups 5 constitute a rotary tillage unit. After the rotary tillage operation of the rotary tillage mechanism, six wheat seedling belts are formed on the seed bed.

[0011] The compound furrow-opening and soil-covering seeder for wheat in rice-dryland rotation area further comprises a furrow-opening mechanism 6 , a shallow rotary cutter group 7 , a soil diversion mechanism 8 and a strip quantitative soil-covering mechanism 9 .

[0012] The soil diversion mechanism 8 is arranged between the two middle longitudinal beams 105 and is located behind the gearbox 2; the soil diversion mechanism 8 includes a diversion cover 801, a diversion fan 802, a diversion fan limit plate 803, a diversion fan motor 804 and a control box 805; the lower end of the diversion cover 801 is open and has a curved top wall; the upper rear end of the diversion cover 801 has a rearward protruding tail, and soil diversion ports are opened on the left and right sides of the tail; the front and rear ends of the top of the diversion cover 801 are respectively connected to the middle cross beam 102 It is fixedly connected to the middle longitudinal beam 105; a pair of parallel arranged guide fans 802 are installed at the soil diversion ports on the left and right sides of the tail of the guide cover 801, and the rotating shafts of the guide fans 802 are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine; two guide fan motors 804 are fixedly connected to the rear end face of the tail of the guide cover 801, and the driving shafts of the guide fan motors 804 are connected to the rotating shafts of the guide fans 802 through couplings; the two guide fans 802 rotate in opposite directions under the command of the control box 805 fixedly connected to the guide cover 801, and scatter the ditch soil thrown backwards to both sides.

[0013] The ditching mechanism 6 is arranged in the middle of the whole machine and behind the front ditching shovel 201 of the gearbox 2; the ditching mechanism 6 includes a reverse-rotating cutter shaft 601, a ditching knife 602, a soil-throwing knife 603 and a ditching shovel 604; the left and right ends of the reverse-rotating cutter shaft 601 are installed on the side plate 109; the middle part of the reverse-rotating cutter shaft 601 is fixed with two cutter discs with a certain distance between them; the upper half of the cutter disc is located in the air guide shell 801; the middle part of the lower edge of the left and right side walls of the air guide shell 801 is provided with a groove for accommodating the reverse-rotating cutter shaft 601; a plurality of ditching knives 602 are evenly fixed to the outer side of each cutter disc in the circumferential direction, and the ditching knives 602 on the two cutter discs are staggered; a plurality of soil-throwing knives 603 are evenly fixed between the two cutter discs in the circumferential direction.

[0014] The trenching shovel 604 is fixed to the lower rear end of the deflector shell 801. The trenching shovel 604 is arc-shaped and can envelop the trenching knife 602 on the reverse-rotating knife shaft 601. The trenching shovel 604 has a structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.

[0015] Six groups of shallow rotating knife groups 7 are provided on the counter-rotating knife shaft 601 on the left and right sides of the knife disc; every two adjacent shallow rotating knife groups 7 constitute a shallow rotating unit, corresponding to a wheat seedling belt; each group of shallow rotating knife groups 7 includes four right-angle knives 701 evenly distributed in the circumference, and the right-angle knives 701 are fixed to the counter-rotating knife shaft 601 through a right-angle knife seat 702; the tips of the right-angle knives 701 of the two groups of shallow rotating knife groups 7 in the same shallow rotating unit are facing oppositely and are staggered.

[0016] The strip quantitative soil covering mechanism 9 is arranged behind the opening ditch mechanism 6 and the shallow rotary knife group 7, and is located below the tail of the guide cover 801; the strip quantitative soil covering mechanism 9 includes a soil bearing plate 901, a variable pitch auger 902, an auger motor 903 and a separating disc 904; the left and right ends of the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger 902 are installed on the side plate 109; the power output shaft of the auger motor 903 is connected to the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger 902; the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger 902 is provided with twelve spiral blades corresponding to the shallow rotary knife group 7, and every two adjacent spiral blades constitute a Soil covering unit; the two spiral blades of the same soil covering unit are arranged symmetrically on the left and right, with opposite spiral directions and consistent pitches; a separating disc 904 fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger 902 is provided between the two adjacent soil covering units on the same side, and among the three soil covering units on the same side, the pitch of the soil covering unit in the middle is 0.5 times the pitch of the soil covering units on both sides thereof, so as to ensure that the amount of soil covering of each wheat seedling belt is consistent; the soil supporting plate 901 is fixedly connected to the two side plates 109 and is located directly below the variable pitch auger 902; the soil supporting plate 901 is provided with six soil drop openings corresponding to the soil covering units one by one.

[0017] Six seeding tubes are provided at the lower end of the seeding mechanism 4, which are located between the shallow rotary knife group 7 and the strip quantitative soil covering mechanism 9, and each seeding tube corresponds to a wheat seedling strip.

[0018] The pressing mechanism 10 is arranged behind the strip quantitative soil covering mechanism 9 .

[0019] Part of the power of the gearbox 2 is directly transmitted from the lower power output shaft to the rotary shaft of the rotary blade mechanism to drive the rotary blade group 5 to rotate; the other part of the power is transmitted from the upper power output shaft through the transmission mechanism 11 to the reverse rotary blade shaft 601 of the trenching mechanism 6 to drive the trenching blade 602 and the shallow rotary blade group 7 to operate.

[0020] The curved surface of the curved top wall of the deflector housing 801 is based on a logarithmic spiral curve, and the curve equation is:

[0021] ρ=ρ0·e kθ Formula 1

[0022] In Formula 1, ρ is the distance from the point on the curve to the rotation center, in mm; ρ0 is the initial polar diameter, in mm; k is the expansion coefficient; and θ is the rotation angle, in degrees.

[0023] The blade body of the throwing knife 603 is perpendicular to the knife disc, and the handle is arranged along the radial direction of the knife disc; there is a bending angle between the tip and the handle of the throwing knife 603, and the bending angle is 30°.

[0024] The inner diameter of each spiral blade is 30 mm and the outer diameter is 190 mm.

[0025] The diameter of the separating disc 904 is equal to the outer diameter of the spiral blade; the width of the soil outlet of the soil supporting plate 901 is 200 mm.

[0026] The suppressing mechanism 10 includes a suppressing wheel 1001, a suppressing wheel fixing plate 1002 and a scraper plate 1003; the two suppressing wheel fixing plates 1002 are fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the rear cross beam 103; the two ends of the suppressing wheel axle are mounted on the two suppressing wheel fixing plates 1002 through bearings; six suppressing wheels 1001 fixed on the axle are arranged one-to-one corresponding to the covering units; a star-shaped roller fixed to the axle is provided between two adjacent suppressing wheels 1001 on the same side, which is used to improve the gripping ability of the suppressing wheel and reduce the sliding rate; the scraper plate 1003 is fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the rear cross beam 103, and the scraper plate 1003 is provided with grooves corresponding to the suppressing wheel 1001 and the star-shaped roller, which is used to scrape off soil and straw adhering to the suppressing wheel 1001 and the star-shaped roller.

[0027] The transmission mechanism 11 includes a first sprocket 1101 installed at the end of the upper power output shaft and a second sprocket 1102 installed at the end of the anti-rotating cutter shaft 601. The first sprocket 1101 and the second sprocket 1102 are connected by a transmission chain; the first sprocket 1101 and the second sprocket 1102 are double-row sprockets.

[0028] The transmission mechanism 11 further includes a pressing sprocket 1103 installed at the end of the pressing wheel shaft of the pressing mechanism 10, a fertilizer sprocket 1105 installed at the end of the fertilizer shaft of the fertilizer mechanism 3, and a seeding sprocket 1104 installed at the end of the seeding shaft of the seeding mechanism 4. The rolling of the pressing wheel 1001 on the surface as the seeder moves forward is used as the power source, and the power is transmitted through the transmission chain.

[0029] A soil diversion and quantitative soil covering method based on the rice stubble wheat compound open-ditch soil covering seeder in the wet-dry rotation area is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0030] S1: The seeder enters the field for operation. The front trenching shovel 201 digs a shallow trench, and the trenching mechanism 6 digs a trench of a certain depth. The trench soil is thrown up by the trenching blade 602 and the soil throwing blade 603, and moves backward along the curved top wall of the guide shell 801 based on the logarithmic spiral curve. During this process, the soil moisture sensor 202 penetrates the soil surface with the front trenching shovel 201 to obtain soil moisture content information. The three-dimensional laser radar 113 scans the digging trench to obtain trench cross-sectional information. The IMU inertial measurement unit 111 is used to obtain the overall posture information and vibration interference data of the implement during operation.

[0031] S2, soil moisture information, trench cross-section information, overall machine posture information and vibration interference data are all transmitted to the controller, and the soil flow in the guide cover 801 is solved through a mathematical model to finally obtain the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed and the optimal theoretical soil covering speed;

[0032] The mathematical model between soil flow and sensor information is:

[0033]

[0034] In formula 3, Q is the soil flow rate in the guide shell 801, and the unit is kg / s; η is the trenching efficiency coefficient, which is affected by the cutterhead diameter and the staggered layout of the trenching cutters and is calibrated by experiments; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the trench, which is reconstructed and calculated from the scanned trench cross-sectional information, and the unit is m 2 ;v m is the forward speed of the machine, obtained by integrating the posture information, in m / s; ζ is the soil adhesion attenuation coefficient; ω is the soil moisture content, in %; ω0 is the soil saturated moisture content, in %;

[0035] The mathematical model between the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed and soil flow is:

[0036]

[0037] In formula 4, n f is the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed of the guide fan 802, in r / min; Q is the soil flow rate in the guide cover 801, in kg / s; Q0 is the rated flow rate, in kg / s; D f is the diameter of the guide fan 802, in mm; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s 2 ; L is the total length of all covering units on one side of the auger 902, in mm;

[0038] The mathematical model between the optimal theoretical covering speed and soil flow is:

[0039]

[0040] In formula 5, n a is the optimal theoretical soil covering speed of the variable pitch auger 902, in r / min; Q is the soil flow rate in the guide shell 801, in kg / s; γ is the soil mass per unit volume, in kg / m 3 ; D is the outer diameter of the spiral blade, in mm; d is the inner diameter of the spiral blade, in mm; t is the pitch of the spiral blade, in mm; λ is the gap between the auger and the soil support plate, in mm; β is the soil backflow correction coefficient, which is dynamically compensated by the IMU vibration data;

[0041] S3: The controller outputs a control signal to the guide fan motor 804 according to the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed to change its speed, thereby controlling the speed and quality of soil throwing to both sides; at the same time, it outputs a signal to the auger motor 903 according to the optimal theoretical soil covering speed to change its speed, thereby controlling the quality of soil gathered in the strips and ensuring a uniform amount of soil covering;

[0042] S4. During one operation, steps S2 to S3 are repeated to directionally throw the ditch soil thrown out from the center to the two sides of the ditch, and the throwing amount and the covering amount are adjusted in real time according to the operation status to achieve the purpose of quantitative covering.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] 1. This invention can simultaneously perform fertilization, rotary tillage, furrowing and shallow rotary tillage, sowing, furrow diversion, soil covering, and compaction. Its compact overall structure improves wheat sowing efficiency after rice stubble, facilitating survival of wheat after rice stubble. Using wide-strip tillage, only the wheat rows are tilled, effectively reducing soil movement, reducing soil adhesion, and improving the seeder's maneuverability in paddy fields.

[0045] 2. The present invention reverses the ditch-opening mechanism to open drainage ditches, shapes them with a ditching shovel to improve field drainage performance, and relies on the combined action of a ditching knife and a soil-throwing knife to throw up the soil; the soil gathers backward under the guidance of the curved inner wall of the guide cover, and is then thrown to both sides by the guide fan as a covering material; at the same time, it is equipped with a strip quantitative covering mechanism, which can directionally collect the thrown ditch soil and cover it with the wheat seedling belt, avoiding the accumulation of ditch soil on both sides of the auger, improving utilization rate, and realizing directional soil diversion.

[0046] 3. In the present invention, the curved surface of the curved top wall of the deflector shell is designed based on a logarithmic spiral curve to reduce the friction when the soil moves along the curved surface, reduce the adhesion of the soil to the inner wall, improve the soil fluidity and diversion performance, and avoid soil clogging.

[0047] 4. The present invention uses soil moisture sensors, three-dimensional laser radars and IMU inertial measurement units to collect data such as soil moisture content, trench cross-section information, machine posture and vibration interference; the controller calculates the soil flow in the deflector shell, and then determines the theoretical soil throwing speed and soil covering speed, thereby regulating the speed of the deflector fan motor and the auger motor, thereby accurately adjusting the soil throwing speed, quality and the amount of soil gathered in the strip, and can adjust the soil covering amount in real time according to the operating conditions, ultimately achieving quantitative soil covering of the wheat seedling strip. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a side structural schematic diagram of the compound open-furrow-covering seeder for wheat after rice in the wet-dry rotation area of ​​the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main structure of the compound open-ditch soil-covering seeder for wheat after rice in a wet-dry rotation area according to the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the axial structure of the compound open-ditch soil-covering seeder for rice stubble and wheat in the wet-dry rotation area of ​​the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the axial structure of the compound open-ditch soil-covering seeder for rice stubble and wheat in the wet-dry rotation area of ​​the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0052] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the relative positions of the frame 1, the soil guide mechanism 8, and the strip quantitative soil covering mechanism 9 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure of area A in the middle;

[0054] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure of the middle B area;

[0055] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the front trenching shovel 201 and the soil moisture sensor 202;

[0056] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the soil diversion mechanism 8 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 10 1 is a cross-sectional view of the air guide housing 801 of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the logarithmic spiral curve of the curved top wall;

[0058] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the opening groove mechanism 6 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the throwing knife 603 of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 13 This is a schematic structural diagram of the strip quantitative soil covering mechanism 9 of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 14 It is a structural schematic diagram of the suppression mechanism 10 of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 15 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the soil diversion and quantitative covering method of the present invention.

[0063] The accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0064] 1 rack

[0065] 101 front crossbeam 102 middle crossbeam

[0066] 103 rear cross member 104 side longitudinal member

[0067] 105 Middle longitudinal beam 106 Suspension assembly

[0068] 107 front cover 108 rear cover

[0069] 109 side plate 110 depth limit plate

[0070] 111 IMU Inertial Measurement Unit 112 Bearing End Cover

[0071] 113 3D LiDAR

[0072] 2 gearbox

[0073] 201 front trenching shovel 202 soil moisture sensor;

[0074] 3 Fertilizer discharge mechanism 4 Seed discharge mechanism

[0075] 5 Rotary tillage blades

[0076] 6. Opening groove mechanism

[0077] 601 Anti-rotating blade shaft 602 Grooving blade

[0078] 603 Throwing Knife 604 Trenching Shovel

[0079] 7 shallow rotary knife group

[0080] 701 Right Angle Knife702 Right Angle Knife Holder

[0081] 8 Soil diversion mechanism

[0082] 801 deflector housing 802 deflector fan

[0083] 803 guide fan limit plate 804 guide fan motor

[0084] 805 control box

[0085] 9-belt quantitative soil covering mechanism

[0086] 901 soil bearing plate 902 variable pitch auger

[0087] 903 auger motor 904 separator disc

[0088] 10 Repressive Agencies

[0089] 1001 Pressing wheel 1002 Pressing wheel fixing plate

[0090] 1003 Scraper Board

[0091] 11 Transmission Mechanism

[0092] 1101 First sprocket 1102 Second sprocket

[0093] 1103 Suppression sprocket 1104 Seeding sprocket

[0094] 1105 Fertilizer discharge sprocket DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0096] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a compound furrow-opening and soil-covering seeder for wheat in rice-dryland rotation areas comprises a frame 1, a gearbox 2, a fertilizer discharge mechanism 3, a seed discharge mechanism 4, a rotary tillage blade group 5, a furrow-opening mechanism 6, a shallow rotary blade group 7, a soil diversion mechanism 8, a strip quantitative soil covering mechanism 9, a suppression mechanism 10, and a transmission mechanism 11; wherein,

[0097] like Figure 5 As shown, the frame 1 includes a front crossbeam 101, a middle crossbeam 102, a rear crossbeam 103, a side longitudinal beam 104, a middle longitudinal beam 105, a suspension assembly 106, a front cover plate 107, a rear cover plate 108, a side plate 109, a depth limit plate 110, an IMU inertial measurement unit 111 and a three-dimensional laser radar 113; the front crossbeam 101, the middle crossbeam 102 and the rear crossbeam 103 arranged in sequence from front to back are fixedly connected between the two side longitudinal beams 104 to form the whole machine bearing plane; two middle longitudinal beams 105 spaced a certain distance apart are fixedly connected between the middle crossbeam 102 and the rear crossbeam 103 , to strengthen the strength of the whole machine and provide an installation position for the soil diversion mechanism 8; the suspension assembly 106 is fixedly connected to each crossbeam to tow the seeder; the front cover plate 107 is fixedly connected between the front crossbeam 101 and the middle crossbeam 102 by bolts, and the rear cover plate 108 is fixedly connected between the middle crossbeam 102 and the rear crossbeam 103 by bolts to isolate the soil from being thrown up after plowing; the two side plates 109 are fixedly connected to the two side longitudinal beams 104 by bolts for installing the drive shaft of the working component; the two depth limit plates 110 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the two side plates 109 to limit the plowing depth of the whole machine; Figure 6 As shown, the IMU inertial measurement unit 111 is installed on the front of the rear end cover 108 by bolts, and is used to obtain the posture information and vibration interference data when the machine is operating; Figure 7 As shown, the three-dimensional laser radar 113 is installed in the middle of the rear cross beam 103 by bolts, and is used to scan the opened ditch and obtain the cross-sectional information of the ditch.

[0098] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the gearbox 2 is fixedly connected between the front crossbeam 101 and the middle crossbeam 102 along the longitudinal axis of the implement and passes through the front end cover 107; the front end of the gearbox 2 is provided with a power input shaft connected to the tractor power output shaft, the upper left and right ends of the upper part of the gearbox 2 located above the front end cover 107 are provided with upper power transmission shafts, and the lower left and right ends of the lower part located below the front end cover 107 are provided with lower power transmission shafts; Figure 8 As shown, a front trenching shovel 201 is provided at the lower front end of the gearbox 2 for pre-dredging a shallow trench to reduce resistance in subsequent trenching operations; a soil moisture sensor 202 is provided at the rear of the front trenching shovel 201 for obtaining soil moisture information.

[0099] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, two fertilizer discharge mechanisms 3 are mounted on the front cover plate 107, located on the left and right sides of the transmission 2. Three fertilizer discharge pipes are located at the lower end of each fertilizer discharge mechanism 3, with the spacing between adjacent fertilizer discharge pipes being 365 mm. The bottom ends of the fertilizer discharge pipes extend to the front end surface of the front crossbeam 101. The seed discharge mechanism 4 is mounted on the rear cover plate 108. Two rotary tillage mechanisms are mounted below the front cover plate 107. The inner ends of the rotary tillage shafts of the two rotary blade mechanisms are connected to the lower power transmission shaft of the transmission 2, and the outer ends of the rotary tillage shafts are mounted to the two side plates 109 via bearing end caps 112. Each rotary tillage shaft is equipped with six sets of rotary blade groups 5. Two adjacent sets of rotary blade groups 5 constitute a rotary tillage unit. After the rotary tillage operation of the rotary tillage mechanism, a total of six wheat seedling strips with a width of 100 mm are formed on the seedbed. The soil diversion mechanism 8 is arranged between the two middle longitudinal beams 105, located behind the transmission 2.

[0100] like Figure 9As shown, the soil diversion mechanism 8 includes a diversion cover 801, a diversion fan 802, a diversion fan limit plate 803, a diversion fan motor 804 and a control box 805; the lower end of the diversion cover 801 is open and has a curved top wall, which can effectively gather and throw up soil; the upper rear end of the diversion cover 801 has a tail protruding backward, and soil diversion ports are opened on the left and right sides of the tail; the front and rear of the top of the diversion cover 801 are respectively connected to the middle cross beam 102 and the middle longitudinal beam 105 by bolts to ensure structural stability under the impact of ditch soil; a pair of parallel arranged diversion fans 802 are installed at the soil diversion ports on the left and right sides of the tail of the diversion cover 801, and the rotating shaft of the diversion fan 802 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine, and its lateral movement is limited by the diversion fan limit plate 803. During installation, the shaft end of the guide fan 802 can be placed into the tail groove first, and then pushed backward to a position where it can be coupled with the motor. The guide fan limit plate 803 is fixed to the outside of the groove of the guide cover 801 by bolts, which is used to limit the lateral movement of the guide fan 802 after it is in place. The two guide fan motors 804 are fixed to the rear end face of the tail of the guide cover 801, and the drive shafts of the guide fan motors 804 are connected to the shafts of the guide fans 802 through couplings; the two guide fans 802 rotate in opposite directions under the command of the control box 805 fixed to the guide cover 801, and the ditch soil thrown backwards is thrown to both sides.

[0101] Specifically, if Figure 10 As shown, in the side view of the deflector shell 801, a coordinate system is established with the projection point of the contour line of the bottom front end as the origin and the projection line of the bottom surface as the x-axis. To reduce friction and thus alleviate adhesion when the ditch soil moves in the deflector shell 801, the curved top wall is based on a logarithmic spiral curve, with a gradually increasing radius of curvature to allow soil particles to slide along the tangential direction. The angle between the normal line of the contact point and the direction of movement approaches 90°, significantly reducing normal pressure and thus frictional resistance. The curve equation is:

[0102] ρ=ρ0·e kθ Formula 1

[0103] In Formula 1, ρ is the distance from the point on the curve to the rotation center, in mm; ρ0 is the initial polar diameter, in mm; k is the expansion coefficient; and θ is the rotation angle, in degrees.

[0104] The ditching mechanism 6 is arranged in the middle of the whole machine and behind the front ditching blade 201 of the gearbox 2. Figure 11As shown, the trenching mechanism 6 includes a counter-rotating cutter shaft 601, a trenching blade 602, a soil-throwing blade 603, and a trenching shovel 604. The left and right ends of the counter-rotating cutter shaft 601 are mounted on the side plate 109 via bearing end caps 112. Two spaced-apart cutter discs are fixedly attached to the center of the counter-rotating cutter shaft 601. The upper half of the cutter discs is located within the shroud 801. The lower edges of the left and right sidewalls of the shroud 801 are centrally provided with recesses for accommodating the counter-rotating cutter shaft 601. The cutter discs have a diameter of 400 mm, increasing the trenching depth. The outer circumference of each cutter disc is evenly fixed with multiple (preferably 10) trenching knives 602. The trenching knives 602 on the two cutter discs are staggered, and the tips of the trenching knives 602 on the two cutter discs are bent toward each other, which can effectively cover the cross-section of the trench and reduce the size of the soil. Multiple (preferably 10) soil throwing knives 603 are evenly fixed between the two cutter discs to throw the fallen soil backwards. The blade of the soil throwing knife 603 is perpendicular to the cutter disc, and the handle is arranged along the radial direction of the cutter disc. Figure 12 As shown, the tip and handle of the soil throwing blade 603 have a bend angle to improve the ability to throw soil backward. Preferably, the bend angle is 30 degrees, so that the soil flow matches the contour of the curved top wall of the deflector shell 801 to achieve the best soil throwing effect.

[0105] like Figure 9 As shown, the trenching shovel 604 is fixedly connected to the lower rear end of the guide cover 801. The trenching shovel 604 is arc-shaped and can envelop the trenching knife 602 on the reverse rotation knife shaft 601. The trenching shovel 604 has a structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, with an upper width of 200 mm and a lower width of 130 mm. It can form a trapezoidal ditch with better drainage performance based on the operation of the trenching knife 602.

[0106] Further, if Figure 11 As shown, six shallow-rotating blade groups 7 are installed on the counter-rotating blade shafts 601 on both sides of the cutter disc. Each pair of adjacent shallow-rotating blade groups 7 constitutes a shallow-rotating unit, corresponding to a strip of wheat seedlings. Each shallow-rotating blade group 7 includes four evenly distributed right-angled blades 701, which are fixed to the counter-rotating blade shaft 601 via right-angled blade holders 702. The blade tips of the two shallow-rotating blade groups 7 in the same shallow-rotating unit face opposite directions and are arranged in an alternating pattern. The three shallow-rotating units on the left side of the counter-rotating blade shaft 601 and the three on the right side of the counter-rotating blade shaft 601 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the machine. In the embodiment of the present invention, there are twelve groups of shallow rotating blade groups 7, and two adjacent shallow rotating blade groups 7 constitute a shallow rotating unit; each group of shallow rotating blade groups 7 includes four right-angle blades 701, and the right-angle blades 701 are installed in the right-angle blade holder 702 and connected by bolts. The right-angle blade holder 702 is welded to the anti-rotating blade shaft 601, and the two groups of shallow rotating blade groups 7 of the same shallow rotating unit are arranged in a cross-staggered manner; the shallow rotating range of each shallow rotating unit covers a wheat seedling belt.

[0107] The strip quantitative soil covering mechanism 9 is arranged behind the ditch opening mechanism 6 and the shallow rotary cutter group 7, and is located below the tail of the deflector shell 801. Figure 13 As shown, the strip quantitative covering mechanism 9 includes a soil supporting plate 901, a variable pitch auger 902, an auger motor 903 and a separating disc 904; the left and right ends of the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger 902 are mounted on the side plate 109 through the bearing end cover 112; the auger motor 903 is fixed to the bearing end cover 112, and the power output shaft of the auger motor 903 is connected to the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger 902; the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger 902 is provided with twelve spiral blades corresponding to the shallow rotary cutter group 7, and every two adjacent spiral blades constitute a covering unit; the two spiral blades of the same covering unit are arranged symmetrically on the left and right, and The spiral directions are opposite and the pitches are the same; the three soil covering units located on the left side of the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger 902 and the three soil covering units located on the right side of the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger 902 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the machine; wherein, a separating disc 904 fixed to the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger 902 is provided between two adjacent soil covering units on the same side, and the pitch of the soil covering unit located in the middle of the three soil covering units on the same side is 0.5 times the pitch of the soil covering units on both sides thereof, so as to ensure that the amount of soil covering of each wheat seedling belt is consistent; in order to enable the auger to have an ideal soil transport volume without being blocked, the inner diameter of each spiral blade is set to 30mm and the outer diameter is set to 190mm. The diameter of the separating disc 904 is equal to the outer diameter of the spiral blade. The soil supporting plate 901 is fixed to the two side plates 109 and is located directly below the variable pitch auger 902; the soil supporting plate 901 is provided with six soil drop openings corresponding to the soil covering units one by one.

[0108] The productivity of soil conveyed by the auger is:

[0109]

[0110] In formula 2, q is the auger delivery rate, in kg / s; D is the outer diameter of the spiral blade, in mm; λ is the gap between the auger and the soil support plate, in mm; d is the inner diameter of the spiral blade, in mm; t is the pitch of the spiral blade, in mm; n is the auger speed, in r / min; γ is the unit volume mass of the soil, in kg / m 3 .

[0111] Specifically, to ensure that each wheat seedling strip receives a consistent amount of soil cover, a separating disc 904 is installed at three equal points on the left and right sides of the variable-pitch auger 902's rotating shaft to separate the soil. Within each separated space, spiral blades with the same pitch and opposite directions extend outward, based on the longitudinal centerline of the wheat seedling strip. After the entire machine is in operation, a compartment approximately 1m wide is formed on either side of the compartment ditch. Three wheat seedling strips are arranged horizontally on each compartment surface. Due to the influence of soil thrown by the guide fan 802, the amount of soil available in the separated spaces corresponding to the two wheat seedling strips on the left and right sides of the compartment surface is lower than the amount of soil available in the separated spaces corresponding to the central wheat seedling strip. To ensure that each wheat seedling strip receives a consistent amount of soil cover, according to Formula 2, the pitch of the spiral blades of the central covering unit of the three covering units on the same side of the variable-pitch auger 902's rotating shaft is 0.5 times the pitch of the spiral blades of the covering units on either side of it. In each partition space, the width of the soil drop opening of the soil bearing plate 901 is 200 mm, so that the ditch soil can fall down and be covered with soil.

[0112] Six seeding tubes are provided at the lower end of the seeding mechanism 4, which are located between the shallow rotary knife group 7 and the strip quantitative soil covering mechanism 9, and each seeding tube corresponds to a wheat seedling strip.

[0113] The pressing mechanism 10 is arranged behind the strip quantitative covering mechanism 9. Figure 14 As shown, the suppressing mechanism 10 includes a suppressing wheel 1001, a suppressing wheel fixing plate 1002, and a scraper plate 1003. The two suppressing wheel fixing plates 1002 are fixed to the left and right ends of the rear crossbeam 103. The two ends of the suppressing wheel axle are mounted on the two suppressing wheel fixing plates 1002 through bearings. The six suppressing wheels 1001 fixed to the axle are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the covering units. The diameter of the suppressing wheel 1001 is 370 mm. A star-shaped roller fixed to the axle is provided between two adjacent suppressing wheels 1001 on the same side to improve the suppressing wheel's grip and reduce the slip rate. The scraper plate 1003 is fixed to the rear end surface of the rear crossbeam 103. The scraper plate 1003 has grooves corresponding to the suppressing wheels 1001 and the star-shaped rollers, and is used to scrape off soil and straw adhering to the suppressing wheels 1001 and the star-shaped rollers.

[0114] like Figure 3 As shown, part of the power of the gearbox 2 is directly transmitted from the lower power output shaft to the rotary shaft of the rotary blade mechanism to drive the rotary blade group 5 to rotate; the other part of the power is transmitted from the upper power output shaft through the transmission mechanism 11 to the reverse rotary blade shaft 601 of the trenching mechanism 6 to drive the trenching blade 602 and the shallow rotary blade group 7 to operate.

[0115] The transmission mechanism 11 includes a first sprocket 1101 installed at the end of the upper power output shaft and a second sprocket 1102 installed at the end of the reverse-rotating cutter shaft 601. The first sprocket 1101 and the second sprocket 1102 are connected by a transmission chain.

[0116] The transmission mechanism 11 further includes a pressing sprocket 1103 installed at the end of the pressing wheel shaft of the pressing mechanism 10, a fertilizer sprocket 1105 installed at the end of the fertilizer shaft of the fertilizer mechanism 3, and a seeding sprocket 1104 installed at the end of the seeding shaft of the seeding mechanism 4. The rolling of the pressing wheel 1001 on the surface as the seeder moves forward is used as the power source, and the power is transmitted through the transmission chain.

[0117] Preferably, the transmission chain is provided with a plurality of tensioning wheels to ensure reliable transmission.

[0118] Preferably, the first sprocket 1101 and the second sprocket 1102 are double-row sprockets to enhance the transmission torque and load-bearing capacity of the counter-rotating cutter shaft 601 .

[0119] The working principle and process of the present invention are as follows:

[0120] First, the wheat seeding strip is strip-tilled by the rotary tillage blade group 5. Next, the ditch opening mechanism 6 driven by the transmission mechanism 11 reverses to open a drainage ditch 30 cm deep and 20 cm wide and shape the ditch wall; at the same time, the shallow rotary blade group 7 installed on the counter-rotating blade shaft 601 performs a secondary crushing of soil clods and cleans straw in the seeding strip area, improving the quality of the seed bed, and completing fertilization and sowing at the same time. To prevent the soil thrown up by the ditch from flowing back and getting blocked, the soil diversion mechanism 8 uses the diversion cover 801 to gather the ditch soil backwards, and then the diversion fan 802 controlled by the speed regulation of the diversion fan motor 804 evenly throws it onto the soil-bearing plates 901 on both sides. Finally, the variable pitch auger 902 of the strip quantitative covering mechanism 9 efficiently covers the ditch soil on the soil-bearing plates 901 to the central sowing strip, completing the covering and ensuring uniform covering. Finally, the soil is compacted by the suppression mechanism 10. The whole process completes all the procedures of fertilizing, rotary tillage, furrowing and shallow rotary tillage, sowing, furrow soil diversion, covering and compacting in one go, which can improve the sowing efficiency and survival rate of wheat after rice stubble.

[0121] like Figure 15 As shown, the soil moisture sensor 202, the three-dimensional laser radar 113 and the IMU inertial measurement unit 111 constitute a data acquisition module; the controller constitutes a data processing module; and the guide fan motor 804 and the auger motor 903 constitute an actuator.

[0122] The present invention also provides a soil diversion and quantitative soil covering method based on a compound open-ditch soil covering seeder for wheat after rice in a wet-dry rotation area, comprising the following steps:

[0123] S1: The seeder enters the field for operation. The front trenching shovel 201 digs a shallow trench, and the trenching mechanism 6 digs a trench about 30 cm deep. The trench soil is thrown up by the trenching blade 602 and the soil throwing blade 603, and moves backward along the curved top wall of the guide shell 801 based on the logarithmic spiral curve. During this process, the soil moisture sensor 202 penetrates the soil surface with the front trenching shovel 201 to obtain soil moisture content information. The three-dimensional laser radar 113 scans the digging trench to obtain trench cross-sectional information. The IMU inertial measurement unit 111 is used to obtain the overall posture information and vibration interference data of the machine during operation.

[0124] S2, soil moisture information, trench cross-section information, overall machine posture information and vibration interference data are all transmitted to the controller, and the soil flow in the guide cover 801 is solved through a mathematical model to finally obtain the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed and the optimal theoretical soil covering speed;

[0125] The mathematical model between soil flow and sensor information is:

[0126]

[0127] In formula 3, Q is the soil flow rate in the guide shell 801, and the unit is kg / s; η is the trenching efficiency coefficient, which is affected by the cutterhead diameter and the staggered layout of the trenching cutters and is calibrated by experiments; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the trench, which is reconstructed and calculated from the scanned trench cross-sectional information, and the unit is m 2 ;v m is the forward speed of the machine, which is obtained by integrating the posture information and is expressed in m / s; ζ is the soil adhesion attenuation coefficient; ω is the soil moisture content and is expressed in %; ω0 is the soil saturated moisture content and is expressed in %.

[0128] The mathematical model between the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed and soil flow is:

[0129]

[0130] In formula 4, n f is the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed of the guide fan 802, in r / min; Q is the soil flow rate in the guide cover 801, in kg / s; Q0 is the rated flow rate, in kg / s; D f is the diameter of the guide fan 802, in mm; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s 2 ; L is the total length of all covering units on one side of the auger 902, in mm.

[0131] The mathematical model between the optimal theoretical covering speed and soil flow is:

[0132]

[0133] In formula 5, na is the optimal theoretical soil covering speed of the variable pitch auger 902, in r / min; Q is the soil flow rate in the guide shell 801, in kg / s; γ is the soil mass per unit volume, in kg / m 3 ; D is the outer diameter of the spiral blade, in mm; d is the inner diameter of the spiral blade, in mm; t is the pitch of the spiral blade, in mm; λ is the gap between the auger and the soil support plate, in mm; β is the soil backflow correction coefficient, which is dynamically compensated by the IMU vibration data;

[0134] S3: The controller outputs a control signal to the guide fan motor 804 according to the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed to change its speed, thereby controlling the speed and quality of soil throwing to both sides; at the same time, it outputs a signal to the auger motor 903 according to the optimal theoretical soil covering speed to change its speed, thereby controlling the quality of soil gathered in the strips and ensuring a uniform amount of soil covering;

[0135] S4. During one operation, steps S2 to S3 are repeated to directionally throw the ditch soil thrown out from the center to the two sides of the ditch, and the throwing amount and the covering amount are adjusted in real time according to the operation status to achieve the purpose of quantitative covering.

[0136] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice stubble wheat compound open-furrow soil-covering seeder in a wet-dry rotation area, comprising a frame (1), a gearbox (2), a fertilizer discharge mechanism (3), a seed discharge mechanism (4), a rotary tillage blade group (5), a pressing mechanism (10) and a transmission mechanism (11); the frame (1) comprises a front crossbeam (101), a middle crossbeam (102), a rear crossbeam (103), side longitudinal beams (104), a middle longitudinal beam (105), a suspension assembly (106), a front cover plate (107), a rear cover plate (108), a side plate (109) and a depth limit plate (110), characterized in that: The frame (1) is provided with an IMU inertial measurement unit (111) for acquiring position information and vibration interference data during machine operation, and a three-dimensional laser radar (113) for scanning the excavated trench to acquire trench cross-sectional information. The gearbox (2) is fixedly connected between the front crossbeam (101) and the middle crossbeam (102) along the longitudinal axis of the machine and passes through the front cover plate (107); a front trenching shovel (201) is provided at the front end of the lower portion of the gearbox (2); a soil moisture sensor (202) for obtaining soil moisture information is provided at the rear of the front trenching shovel (201); Two fertilizer discharge mechanisms (3) are arranged on the front cover plate (107) and are located on the left and right sides of the gearbox (2); three fertilizer discharge pipes are arranged at the lower end of each fertilizer discharge mechanism (3), and the bottom ends of the fertilizer discharge pipes extend to the front end surface of the front crossbeam (101); the seed discharge mechanism (4) is arranged on the rear cover plate (108); two rotary tillage mechanisms are arranged below the front cover plate (107), the inner ends of the rotary tillage shafts of the two rotary tillage blade mechanisms are connected to the lower power transmission shaft of the gearbox (2), and the outer ends of the rotary tillage shafts are installed on the two side plates (109); six groups of rotary tillage blade groups (5) are arranged on each rotary tillage shaft, and two adjacent groups of rotary tillage blade groups (5) constitute a rotary tillage unit, and after the rotary tillage operation of the rotary tillage mechanism, six wheat seedling belts are formed on the seed bed; The rice stubble wheat compound furrow-opening and soil-covering seeder in the wet-dry rotation area further comprises a furrow-opening mechanism (6), a shallow rotary cutter group (7), a soil diversion mechanism (8) and a strip quantitative soil-covering mechanism (9); The soil diversion mechanism (8) is arranged between the two middle longitudinal beams (105) and is located behind the gearbox (2); the soil diversion mechanism (8) comprises a diversion cover (801), a diversion fan (802), a diversion fan limit plate (803), a diversion fan motor (804) and a control box (805); the lower end of the diversion cover (801) is open and has a curved top wall; the upper rear end of the diversion cover (801) has a rear end protruding backwards, and soil diversion ports are opened on the left and right sides of the tail; the front and rear ends of the top of the diversion cover (801) are respectively connected to the middle cross beam ( 102) and the middle longitudinal beam (105) are fixedly connected; a pair of parallel arranged guide fans (802) are installed at the soil diversion ports on the left and right sides of the tail of the guide cover (801), and the rotating shafts of the guide fans (802) are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine; two guide fan motors (804) are fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the tail of the guide cover (801), and the driving shafts of the guide fan motors (804) are connected to the rotating shafts of the guide fans (802); the two guide fans (802) rotate in opposite directions under the command of the control box (805) fixedly connected to the guide cover (801), and the ditch soil thrown backward is thrown to both sides; The compartment ditching mechanism (6) is arranged in the middle of the whole machine and behind the front ditching shovel (201) of the gearbox (2); the compartment ditching mechanism (6) comprises a reverse-rotating cutter shaft (601), a ditching knife (602), a soil throwing knife (603) and a ditching shovel (604); the left and right ends of the reverse-rotating cutter shaft (601) are mounted on the side plate (109); the middle of the reverse-rotating cutter shaft (601) is fixed with two cutter discs spaced a certain distance apart; the upper half of the cutter disc is located in the air guide housing (801); the middle of the lower edges of the left and right side walls of the air guide housing (801) are provided with a groove for accommodating the reverse-rotating cutter shaft (601); a plurality of ditching knives (602) are evenly fixed to the outer side of each cutter disc in the circumferential direction, and the ditching knives (602) on the two cutter discs are staggered; a plurality of soil throwing knives (603) are evenly fixed between the two cutter discs in the circumferential direction; The trenching shovel (604) is fixedly connected to the lower rear end of the deflector housing (801). The trenching shovel (604) is arc-shaped and can envelop the trenching blade (602) on the counter-rotating blade shaft (601). The trenching shovel (604) has a structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. Six groups of shallow rotating knife groups (7) are provided on the reverse rotating knife shafts (601) on the left and right sides of the knife disc; every two adjacent shallow rotating knife groups (7) constitute a shallow rotating unit, corresponding to a wheat seedling belt; each group of shallow rotating knife groups (7) includes four right-angle knives (701) evenly distributed in the circumference, and the right-angle knives (701) are fixed to the reverse rotating knife shaft (601) through a right-angle knife seat (702); the knife tips of the right-angle knives (701) of the two groups of shallow rotating knife groups (7) in the same shallow rotating unit are facing opposite directions and are arranged in a staggered manner; The strip quantitative soil covering mechanism (9) is arranged behind the compartment ditch mechanism (6) and the shallow rotary cutter group (7), and is located below the tail of the guide cover (801); the strip quantitative soil covering mechanism (9) includes a soil supporting plate (901), a variable pitch auger (902), an auger motor (903) and a separating disc (904); the left and right ends of the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger (902) are mounted on the side plates (109); the power output shaft of the auger motor (903) is connected to the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger (902); the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger (902) is provided with twelve spiral blades corresponding to the shallow rotary cutter group (7), and every two adjacent spiral blades are connected to each other. The spiral blades constitute a soil covering unit; the two spiral blades of the same soil covering unit are arranged symmetrically on the left and right, with opposite spiral directions and consistent pitches; a separating disc (904) fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the variable pitch auger (902) is provided between two adjacent soil covering units on the same side, and the pitch of the soil covering unit located in the middle of the three soil covering units on the same side is (0).(5) times the pitch of the soil covering units on both sides thereof, so as to ensure that the amount of soil covering of each wheat seedling belt is consistent; the soil supporting plate (901) is fixedly connected to the two side plates (109) and is located directly below the variable pitch auger (902); the soil supporting plate (901) is provided with six soil drop openings corresponding to the soil covering units one by one; Six seeding tubes are provided at the lower end of the seeding mechanism (4), located between the shallow rotary knife group (7) and the strip quantitative soil covering mechanism (9), and each seeding tube corresponds to a wheat seedling strip; The suppressing mechanism (10) is arranged behind the strip quantitative soil covering mechanism (9); A portion of the power of the gearbox (2) is directly transmitted from the lower power output shaft to the rotary tillage shaft of the rotary tillage blade mechanism to drive the rotary tillage blade group (5) to rotate; the other portion of the power is transmitted from the upper power output shaft through the transmission mechanism (11) to the counter-rotating blade shaft (601) of the furrowing mechanism (6) to drive the furrowing blade (602) and the shallow rotary blade group (7) to operate.

2. The rice stubble wheat compound open-ditch soil-covering seeder in the wet-dry rotation area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curved surface of the curved top wall of the deflector housing (801) is based on a logarithmic spiral curve, and the curve equation is: ρ = ρ0·e kθ Equation 1 In Formula 1, ρ is the distance from the point on the curve to the rotation center, in mm; ρ0 is the initial polar diameter, in mm; k is the expansion coefficient; and θ is the rotation angle, in degrees.

3. The double-type open-ditch soil-covering seeder for wheat after rice stubble in the wet-dry rotation area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade body of the soil throwing knife (603) is perpendicular to the knife disc, and the handle is arranged along the radial direction of the knife disc; there is a bending angle between the tip of the soil throwing knife (603) and the handle, and the bending angle is 30 degrees.

4. The compound open-ditch soil-covering seeder for wheat after rice stubble in the wet-dry rotation area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of each spiral blade is 30 mm and the outer diameter is 190 mm.

5. The compound open-ditch soil-covering seeder for wheat after rice stubble in the wet-dry rotation area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the separating disc (904) is equal to the outer diameter of the spiral blade; the width of the soil outlet of the soil supporting plate (901) is 200 mm.

6. The compound open-ditch soil-covering seeder for wheat after rice stubble in the wet-dry rotation area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suppressing mechanism (10) comprises a suppressing wheel (1001), a suppressing wheel fixing plate (1002) and a scraper plate (1003); the two suppressing wheel fixing plates (1002) are fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the rear cross beam (103); the two ends of the suppressing wheel axle are mounted on the two suppressing wheel fixing plates (1002); six suppressing wheels (1001) fixedly connected to the axles are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the covering units; a star-shaped roller fixedly connected to the axles is provided between two adjacent suppressing wheels (1001) on the same side, for improving the suppressing wheel's gripping ability and reducing the slipping rate; the scraper plate (1003) is fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the rear cross beam (103); the scraper plate (1003) is provided with notches corresponding to the suppressing wheels (1001) and the star-shaped rollers, for scraping off soil and straw adhering to the suppressing wheels (1001) and the star-shaped rollers.

7. The compound open-ditch soil-covering seeder for wheat after rice in the wet-dry rotation area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (11) comprises a first sprocket (1101) mounted on the end of the upper power output shaft and a second sprocket (1102) mounted on the end of the counter-rotating cutter shaft (601), wherein the first sprocket (1101) and the second sprocket (1102) are connected via a transmission chain; the first sprocket (1101) and the second sprocket (1102) are double-row sprockets.

8. The compound open-ditch soil-covering seeder for wheat after rice stubble in the wet-dry rotation area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (11) further comprises a pressing sprocket (1103) mounted on the end of the pressing wheel shaft of the pressing mechanism (10), a fertilizer discharge sprocket (1105) mounted on the end of the fertilizer discharge shaft of the fertilizer discharge mechanism (3), and a seed discharge sprocket (1104) mounted on the end of the seed discharge shaft of the seed discharge mechanism (4). The rolling of the pressing wheel (1001) on the ground as the seeder advances serves as a power source, and the power is transmitted through the transmission chain.

9. A soil diversion and quantitative soil covering method based on the rice stubble wheat compound open-ditch soil covering seeder in the wet-dry rotation area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, the seed drill enters the field for operation, the front trenching shovel (201) digs a shallow trench, the trenching mechanism (6) digs a trench of a certain depth, the trench soil is thrown up by the combined action of the trenching knife (602) and the soil throwing knife (603), and moves backward along the curved top wall of the guide cover (801) based on the logarithmic spiral curve; during the process, the soil moisture sensor (202) penetrates the soil surface along with the front trenching shovel (201) to obtain soil moisture content information; the three-dimensional laser radar (113) scans the digging trench to obtain trench cross-section information; the IMU inertial measurement unit (111) is used to obtain the overall posture information and vibration interference data of the machine tool during operation; S2, soil moisture information, trench cross-section information, overall machine posture information and vibration interference data are all transmitted to the controller, and the soil flow in the guide cover (801) is solved through a mathematical model to finally obtain the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed and the optimal theoretical soil covering speed; The mathematical model between soil flow and sensor information is: In formula 3, Q is the soil flow rate in the diversion cover (801), and the unit is kg / s; η is the trenching efficiency coefficient, which is affected by the cutterhead diameter and the staggered layout of the trenching cutters and is calibrated by experiments; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the trench, which is reconstructed and calculated from the scanned trench cross-sectional information, and the unit is m 2 ;v m is the forward speed of the implement, obtained by integrating the posture information, in m / s; ζ is the soil adhesion attenuation coefficient; ω is the soil moisture content, in %; ω0 is the saturated moisture content of soil, in %; The mathematical model between the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed and soil flow is: In formula 4, n f is the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed of the guide fan (802), in r / min; Q is the soil flow rate in the guide cover (801), in kg / s; Q0 is the rated flow rate, in kg / s; D f is the diameter of the guide fan (802), in mm; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s 2 ; L is the total length of all soil covering units on one side of the variable pitch auger (902), in mm; The mathematical model between the optimal theoretical covering speed and soil flow is: In formula 5, n a is the optimal theoretical soil covering speed of the variable pitch auger (902), in r / min; Q is the soil flow rate in the guide cover (801), in kg / s; γ is the soil mass per unit volume, in kg / m 3 ; D is the outer diameter of the spiral blade, in mm; d is the inner diameter of the spiral blade, in mm; t is the pitch of the spiral blade, in mm; λ is the gap between the auger and the soil support plate, in mm; β is the soil backflow correction coefficient; S3, the controller outputs a control signal to the guide fan motor (804) according to the optimal theoretical soil throwing speed to change its speed, thereby controlling the speed and quality of soil throwing to both sides; at the same time, the controller outputs a signal to the auger motor (903) according to the optimal theoretical soil covering speed to change its speed, thereby controlling the quality of soil gathered in the strip and ensuring a uniform amount of soil covering; S4. During one operation, steps S2 to S3 are repeated to directionally throw the ditch soil thrown out from the center to the two sides of the ditch, and the throwing amount and the covering amount are adjusted in real time according to the operation status to achieve the purpose of quantitative covering.

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