High-yield cultivation method for fragrant and sweet cherries in sunlight greenhouse
Through the high-yield cultivation method of sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse, by controlling temperature, humidity and light and using specific agents, the problems of physiological fruit drop and cracking of cherries in the solar greenhouse were solved, achieving the effect of high and stable yield.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510828479.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-23
AI Technical Summary
Sweet cherry varieties are prone to large-scale physiological fruit drop in the young fruit stage and high fruit cracking rate during color change period in solar greenhouse and shed production, resulting in extremely low yield.
A high-yield cultivation method for sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse is adopted, including planting cultivation management, temperature-raising production and post-harvest management. Light conditions are optimized by controlling temperature and humidity, using fruit-setting agents and fruit-preserving agents, and combining the transmittance control of the shading net.
The fruit setting rate of sweet cherries has been improved, and the physiological fruit drop rate in the young fruit stage has been reduced, achieving a high yield effect. The fruits are large and of good quality, the price is higher than that of open-field cherries, and the yield is stable and high year after year.
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Figure CN120677961A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a method for cultivating fruit trees in a solar greenhouse, in particular to a method for cultivating sweet and fragrant cherries in a solar greenhouse with high yield, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting. Background Art
[0002] The sweet cherry variety Hanxiang is also known as "Russian No. 8".
[0003] This sweet cherry variety was developed in 1993 by the Russian State Fruit Tree Experimental Station. Its parents are Yuria and Valery Ichkalov. It has a moderately vigorous tree with an open trunk and a medium-to-large trunk. It flowers easily and is a moderately high-yielding variety. The fruit is broad and heart-shaped, with raised shoulders and a prominent chest. When ripe, the fruit changes color from bright red to dark purple, and is glossy and oily. The flesh is sweet and sour, and the fruit is large, with an average weight of 12.9 g. The skin is thick, tough, and elastic, with a strong sweet aroma. In the Dalian area, it matures in the open field in early to mid-June. Under greenhouse conditions, it matures at a similar time to the Meizao variety.
[0004] Previous reports have indicated that Hanxiang varieties prefer low temperatures, requiring strict control of low temperatures during the initial warming phase and the flowering stage. After the warming phase, a transitional period of buffering and adaptation is necessary, known as the subsequent cold storage period. This typically lasts seven days, with indoor temperatures maintained between 12-15°C during the day and 0-5°C (3-6°C) at night, ground temperatures between 5-8°C, and air humidity at 80%. Hanxiang, native to cold regions, adapts to lower temperatures during its more temperature-sensitive flowering phase than varieties like Meizao, Samito, and Hongdeng, typically around 16°C, never falling below 13°C and never rising above 18°C. Other varieties, however, prefer temperatures between 16-18°C and never rising above 20°C. Therefore, when two or three flowers have bloomed, the indoor daytime temperature should be gradually lowered from 20-23°C during the initial bud break and 26-28°C when the buds are as large as soybeans, to 13-16°C, returning to 20°C by the time the flowers fall.
[0005] Sweet cherry varieties grown in greenhouses and greenhouses are prone to significant physiological fruit drop during the young fruit stage and high fruit cracking during the color change period, resulting in extremely low yields and, in some areas, even tree removal. This results in significant cost losses for fruit farmers. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The present invention aims to solve the above technical problems and provides a high-yield cultivation method for sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse. The method is suitable for cultivation in solar greenhouses, greenhouses and rain shelters, and can achieve the goals of increasing the fruit setting rate of sweet cherries, reducing the physiological fruit drop rate during the young fruit stage and achieving high yield.
[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The cultivation method of high-yield sweet cherry in solar greenhouse, the planting steps are as follows: (1) Planting and cultivation management: Ridge cultivation with a ridge height of 30-40 cm. Two rows of sweet cherry trees are planted in the east-west direction in a 9-11 m span greenhouse. One row is planted 2.5-3 m away from the north wall, and another row is planted 3-3.5 m away from the south front foot. The spacing between plants is 3.5-4 m. Film is covered in the greenhouse, and quilts are put down to allow the trees to dormant in low temperature and dark light. The temperature is controlled between 0-7.2 degrees Celsius. (2) Heating production: In early December of the following year, the quilt is removed and the greenhouse temperature is raised. From budding to the early flowering stage, the daytime temperature is controlled at 21-25℃ and the humidity is 70-80%. When the ground temperature is above 14℃, 1 catties of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant and 0.5 catties of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is applied to each plant. During the flowering period, boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves. The temperature during the flowering period is 20-22℃ and the humidity is 70-80%. During the flowering period, fruit setting agent is sprayed. 4-6 days after spraying the fruit setting agent, a sunshade net is placed at noon on a sunny day. 13-15 days after spraying the fruit setting agent, a fruit retaining agent is sprayed. The sunshade net is not removed during this period. When the fruit changes color from green to yellow, the sunshade net is removed. During this period, management is carried out according to the management conditions of other greenhouse sweet cherry varieties. (3) Harvesting and subsequent management: Harvesting begins in late March and is managed according to the same management conditions as other greenhouse sweet cherry varieties.
[0008] Preferably, the planting time for the above-mentioned field cultivation is early November.
[0009] Preferably, the above-mentioned fruit setting agent is prepared by adding 1 g of 75% gibberellic acid (GA3), 5 ml of 2% 6-BA, and 10 ml of seaweed calcium magnesium boron zinc foliar fertilizer to 30 kilograms of water and mixing them. The 75% gibberellic acid needs to be dissolved in 15 ml of medical 95% alcohol and then added to the water.
[0010] Preferably, the fruit retaining agent is prepared by adding 1 g of 75% gibberellic acid (GA3), 5 ml of 2% 6-BA, and 10 ml of seaweed calcium magnesium boron zinc foliar fertilizer to 30 catties of water and mixing them. The 75% gibberellic acid needs to be dissolved in 15 ml of medical 95% alcohol and then added to the water.
[0011] Preferably, the sunshade net is placed as follows: choose to place it at noon on a sunny day, 2.0-2.5m above the ground at the front bottom corner, covering the upper part of the large plastic, blocking direct sunlight, and leaving some scattered light into the greenhouse.
[0012] Preferably, the light transmittance of the sunshade net is 80%.
[0013] Preferably, the sunshade net is removed between 4 and 5 p.m. on a sunny day.
[0014] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following effects: The present invention addresses the technical issues of severe physiological fruit drop, high fruit cracking rates, and extremely low yields in existing greenhouse and shed production of fragrant sweet cherry varieties. The present invention is suitable for cultivation in greenhouses, sheds, and rain shelters, and can improve the fruit set rate of fragrant sweet cherries, reduce physiological fruit drop rates during the young fruit stage, and achieve high yields. The present invention's cultivation method accelerates growth by 80 days compared to open-field cultivation, resulting in larger, higher-quality fruits. The price is three times that of open-field cherries and twice that of Mei Zao, the main greenhouse cultivar. Experimental research has shown that sweet cherries can grow and bear fruit normally under shaded, scattered light conditions, allowing for consistent, high-yield harvests year after year. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the functional leaf of Mei Zao sweet cherry.
[0016] Figure 2 Is a functional leaf profile containing sweet cherry.
[0017] Figure 3 This is a picture of the sunshade net processing of the entire solar greenhouse for cultivating sweet cherries according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the examples. The following examples are only a few specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any non-substantial improvements to the present invention made using this concept should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] The methods in the following examples, including the experimental data, are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the percentages (%) are by mass unless otherwise specified.
[0020] Example 1
[0021] The cultivation method of high-yield sweet cherry in solar greenhouse, the planting steps are as follows: (1) Planting and cultivation management: Ridge cultivation with a ridge height of 30-40 cm. Two rows are planted in the east-west direction in a 9 m span greenhouse. 4-5 year old fragrant saplings are selected. One row is planted 2.5 m away from the north wall and another row is planted 3 m away from the south front foot. The spacing between plants is 4 m. Planting time is early November. Cover the greenhouse with film and put down quilts to allow low temperature and dark light dormancy. The temperature is controlled between 0-7.2 degrees Celsius. (2) Heating production: In early December of the following year, the quilt is removed and the greenhouse is heated. The daytime temperature from budding to the early flowering period is controlled at 21-25℃ and the humidity is 70-80%. When the ground temperature is above 14℃, 1 catties of compound fertilizer (Jinda Shengyuan chelated compound fertilizer NPK15-10-18) is applied to the soil and 0.5 catties of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer (Jinda Shengyuan Heguokang) is applied to the soil. During the flowering period, boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves. The temperature during the flowering period is 20-22℃ and the humidity is 70-80%. During the flowering period, fruit setting agent is sprayed. 4-6 days after spraying the fruit setting agent, choose a sunny day at noon to place the sunshade net. The light transmittance of the sunshade net is 80%, and the sunshade net is 2.0-2.5 meters away from the ground at the front bottom corner. m high, shade the upper part of the large plastic, block direct sunlight, and allow some scattered light to enter the greenhouse. 13-15 days after spraying the fruit setting agent, spray the fruit retaining agent. During this period, the shade net should not be removed. When the fruit changes color from green to yellow, choose a sunny day at 4-5 pm to remove the shade net. During this period, management should be carried out according to the management conditions of other greenhouse sweet cherry varieties. The fruit setting agent is prepared by adding 1 g of 75% gibberellic acid (GA3), 5 ml of 2% 6-BA, and 10 ml of seaweed calcium magnesium boron zinc foliar fertilizer into 30 kilograms of water and mixing them. The 75% gibberellic acid needs to be added into 15 ml of medical 95% alcohol and dissolved before adding into the water. The fruit retaining agent is prepared by adding 1 g of 75% gibberellic acid (GA3), 5 ml of 2% 6-BA, and 10 ml of seaweed calcium magnesium boron zinc foliar fertilizer into 30 kilograms of water and mixing them. The 75% gibberellic acid needs to be added into 15 ml of medical 95% alcohol and dissolved before adding into the water.
[0022] (3) Harvesting and subsequent management: Harvesting begins in late March and is managed according to the same management conditions as other greenhouse sweet cherry varieties. Statistics for five consecutive years show that the yield per mu is 1245-1460 catties, and the fruit cracking rate is less than 5%.
[0023] Example 2
[0024] The cultivation method of high-yield sweet cherry in solar greenhouse, the planting steps are as follows: (1) Planting and cultivation management: Ridge cultivation with a ridge height of 30-40 cm. Two rows are planted in the east-west direction in an 11 m span greenhouse. 4-5 year old fragrant saplings are selected. One row is planted 3 m away from the north wall and another row is planted 3.5 m away from the south front foot. The spacing between plants is 3.8 m. The planting time is early November. Cover the greenhouse with film and put down quilts to allow low temperature and dark light dormancy. The temperature is controlled between 0-7.2 degrees Celsius. (2) Heating production: In early December of the following year, the quilt is removed and the greenhouse is heated. The daytime temperature from budding to the early flowering period is controlled at 21-25℃ and the humidity is 70-80%. When the ground temperature is above 14℃, 1 catties of compound fertilizer (Jinda Shengyuan chelated compound fertilizer NPK15-10-18) is applied to the soil and 0.5 catties of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer (Jinda Shengyuan Heguokang) is applied to the soil. During the flowering period, boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves. The temperature during the flowering period is 20-22℃ and the humidity is 70-80%. During the flowering period, fruit setting agent is sprayed. 4-6 days after spraying the fruit setting agent, choose a sunny day at noon to place the sunshade net. The light transmittance of the sunshade net is 80%, and the sunshade net is 2.0-2.5 meters away from the ground at the front bottom corner. m high, shade the upper part of the large plastic, block direct sunlight, and allow some scattered light to enter the greenhouse. 13-15 days after spraying the fruit setting agent, spray the fruit retaining agent. During this period, the shade net should not be removed. When the fruit changes color from green to yellow, choose a sunny day at 4-5 pm to remove the shade net. During this period, management should be carried out according to the management conditions of other greenhouse sweet cherry varieties. The fruit setting agent is prepared by adding 1 g of 75% gibberellic acid (GA3), 5 ml of 2% 6-BA, and 10 ml of seaweed calcium magnesium boron zinc foliar fertilizer to 30 catties of water and mixing them together. The 75% gibberellic acid needs to be added to 15 ml of medical 95% alcohol. The fruit retaining agent is prepared by adding 1 g of 75% gibberellic acid (GA3), 5 ml of 2% 6-BA, and 10 ml of seaweed calcium magnesium boron zinc foliar fertilizer to 30 catties of water and mixing them together. The 75% gibberellic acid needs to be dissolved in 15 ml of medical 95% alcohol before adding it to the water. (3) Harvesting and subsequent management: Harvesting begins in late March and is managed according to the same management conditions as other greenhouse sweet cherry varieties. Statistics for five consecutive years show that the yield per mu is 1260-1475 catties, and the fruit cracking rate is less than 5%.
[0025] Example 3
[0026] The cultivation method of high-yield sweet cherry in solar greenhouse, the planting steps are as follows: (1) Planting and cultivation management: Ridge cultivation with a ridge height of 30-40 cm. Two rows are planted in the east-west direction in a 10 m span greenhouse. 4-5 year old fragrant saplings are selected. One row is planted 2.5 m away from the north wall and one row is planted 3 m away from the south front foot. The spacing between plants is 3.5 m. The planting time is early November. Cover the greenhouse with film and put down quilts to allow low temperature and dark light dormancy. The temperature is controlled between 0-7.2 degrees Celsius. (2) Heating production: In early December of the following year, the quilt is removed and the greenhouse is heated. The daytime temperature from budding to the early flowering period is controlled at 21-25℃ and the humidity is 70-80%. When the ground temperature is above 14℃, 1 catties of compound fertilizer (Jinda Shengyuan chelated compound fertilizer NPK15-10-18) is applied to the soil and 0.5 catties of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer (Jinda Shengyuan Heguokang) is applied to the soil. During the flowering period, boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves. The temperature during the flowering period is 20-22℃ and the humidity is 70-80%. During the flowering period, fruit setting agent is sprayed. 4-6 days after spraying the fruit setting agent, choose a sunny day at noon to place the sunshade net. The light transmittance of the sunshade net is 80%, and the sunshade net is 2.0-2.5 meters away from the ground at the front bottom corner. m high, shade the upper part of the large plastic, block direct sunlight, and allow some scattered light to enter the greenhouse. 13-15 days after spraying the fruit setting agent, spray the fruit retaining agent. During this period, the shade net should not be removed. When the fruit changes color from green to yellow, choose a sunny day at 4-5 pm to remove the shade net. During this period, management should be carried out according to the management conditions of other greenhouse sweet cherry varieties. The fruit setting agent is prepared by mixing 1 g of 75% gibberellic acid (GA3), 5 ml of 2% 6-BA, and 10 ml of seaweed calcium magnesium boron zinc foliar fertilizer, adding them to 30 kilograms of water, wherein the 75% gibberellic acid needs to be added to 15 ml of medical 95% alcohol and dissolved before adding to the water; the fruit retaining agent is prepared by mixing 1 g of 75% gibberellic acid (GA3), 5 ml of 2% 6-BA, and 10 ml of seaweed calcium magnesium boron zinc foliar fertilizer, adding them to 30 kilograms of water, wherein the 75% gibberellic acid needs to be added to 15 ml of medical 95% alcohol and dissolved before adding to the water; (3) Harvesting and subsequent management: Harvesting begins in late March and is managed according to the same management conditions as other greenhouse sweet cherry varieties. Statistics for five consecutive years show that the yield per mu is 1285-1490 catties, and the fruit cracking rate is less than 5%.
[0027] Comparative Example 1
[0028] According to the existing sweet cherry cultivation method, 2 acres of land were planted and the conventional methods of solar greenhouse management and production were carried out. The statistical yield per mu was 520-670 kilograms, the fruit cracking rate was more than 10%, and the physiological fruit drop rate was more than 50%.
[0029] Comparative Example 2
[0030] According to the method of Example 2, 2 mu of land containing sweet cherries were planted, wherein the light transmittance of the sunshade net was changed to 70%, and the statistical yield per mu was 1130-1180 catties.
[0031] Comparative Example 3
[0032] According to the method of Example 3, 2 mu of land containing sweet cherries was planted, wherein the light transmittance of the sunshade net was changed to 90%, and the statistical yield per mu was 935-985 catties.
[0033] Test example:
[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, cross-section analysis of functional leaves from Meizao and Hanxiang cultivars revealed that leaves of the same thickness from both cultivars showed that Hanxiang's leaves had a longer palisade tissue (PT) than Meizao and a smaller spongy tissue (ST). Most mesophyll tissue differentiates dorsally during development, producing two distinct cell layers: the palisade and spongy tissues (Nicotra et al., 2011). The PT is composed of cylindrical cells perpendicular to the leaf surface (Borsuk et al., 2022). Its larger surface area facilitates CO2 absorption in leaf regions with abundant light and high photosynthetic rates (Ho et al., 2016 and Borsuk and Brodersen, 2019). The ST, located beneath the PT, consists of spherical cells or loosely arranged cells with irregular shapes (Chatelet et al., 2013; Ho et al., 2016). The PT facilitates light penetration into chloroplasts, while the ST enhances light capture by scattering light. The pachysandra / spongy tissue ratio (PT / ST) was the highest, indicating that the leaf PT / ST was compactly arranged, the mesophyll surface area was high, and the stomatal density was high, which was conducive to CO2 absorption and thus maintained a high photosynthetic activity (Chartzoulakis et al., 2000).
[0035] Therefore, we conducted yield surveys in five consecutive years of experimental cultivation facilities across various types of facilities, initially confirming that Hanxiang is not a cold-loving variety, but rather averse to strong light. In a shading experiment, we placed shade nets with light transmittances of 70%, 80%, and 90% outside the greenhouse. We found that the shade net with 80% light transmittance had the highest fruit set rate. After shading, the physiological fruit drop rate dropped below 15%.
Claims
1. A high-yield cultivation method for sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse, characterized in that The planting steps are as follows: (1) Planting and cultivation management: Ridge cultivation with a ridge height of 30-40 cm. Two rows of sweet cherry trees are planted in the east-west direction in a 9-11 m span greenhouse. One row is planted 2.5-3 m away from the north wall, and another row is planted 3-3.5 m away from the south front foot. The plant spacing is 3.5-4 m. Cover the greenhouse with film and put down quilts to allow low temperature and dark light dormancy. The temperature is controlled between 0-7.2 degrees Celsius. (2) Heating production: In early December of the following year, the quilt is removed and the greenhouse temperature is raised. From budding to the early flowering stage, the daytime temperature is controlled at 21-25℃ and the humidity is 70-80%. When the ground temperature is above 14℃, 1 catties of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant and 0.5 catties of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is applied to each plant. During the flowering period, boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves. The temperature during the flowering period is 20-22℃ and the humidity is 70-80%. During the flowering period, fruit setting agent is sprayed. 4-6 days after spraying the fruit setting agent, a sunshade net is placed at noon on a sunny day. 13-15 days after spraying the fruit setting agent, a fruit retaining agent is sprayed. The sunshade net is not removed during this period. When the fruit changes color from green to yellow, the sunshade net is removed. During this period, the management conditions of other greenhouse sweet cherry varieties are followed; (3) Harvesting and subsequent management: Harvesting begins in late March and is managed according to the same management conditions as other greenhouse sweet cherry varieties.
2. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein The planting time for the field planting cultivation is early November.
3. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein The fruit setting agent is prepared by adding 1g of 75% gibberellic acid (GA3), 5ml of 2% 6-BA, and 10ml of seaweed calcium magnesium boron zinc foliar fertilizer into 30 kilograms of water and mixing them. The 75% gibberellic acid needs to be dissolved in 15ml of 95% medical alcohol and then added into the water.
4. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein The fruit retaining agent is prepared by adding 1 g of 75% gibberellic acid (GA3), 5 ml of 2% 6-BA, and 10 ml of seaweed calcium magnesium boron zinc foliar fertilizer into 30 kilograms of water and mixing them. The 75% gibberellic acid needs to be dissolved in 15 ml of medical 95% alcohol and then added into the water.
5. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein The placement method of the sunshade net is as follows: choose to place it at noon on a sunny day, 2.0-2.5 m above the ground at the front bottom corner, covering the upper part of the large plastic, blocking direct sunlight, and leaving some scattered light into the greenhouse.
6. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that The light transmittance of the sunshade net is 80%.
7. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein The sunshade net is removed at 4-5 pm on a sunny day.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Sweet cherry facility cultivation method capable of actively storing energy
CN117958074A