Biological soil crust growth method suitable for desertification land

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil desertification treatment, and particularly provides a biological soil crust growth method suitable for desertification land, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, adopting local clay with specific clay content, airing, crushing, preparing slurry, and preparing a clay sand barrier unit; step 2, screening suitable sand-fixing plant seeds, performing disinfection and germination accelerating treatment, and sowing the seeds in a specific mode in a sand barrier in a suitable season; 3, by means of the synergistic effect of the clay sand barrier and the sand stabilization plants, later complex management and protection are not needed, biological soil crust can be rapidly formed within 3-4 years, sand barrier self-maintenance and plant self-maintenance growth are achieved, the sand control cost and labor intensity are effectively reduced, water and soil loss is reduced, the vegetation coverage rate and the ecological system stability are improved, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The problem of traditional desertification control is precisely solved, and efficient treatment and sustainable ecological restoration of desertified land are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil desertification control, and in particular to a biological soil crust growth method suitable for desertified land. Background Art

[0002] Desertification, a global ecological challenge, poses a serious threat to ecological balance and human development. Sand barriers, a key means of combating desertification, are used. Traditional sand barriers, such as straw grid sand barriers, nylon sand barriers, and biologically active sand barriers, can stabilize shifting sand and improve local microclimates. However, these barriers have significant drawbacks. First, they struggle to form biological soil crusts quickly, effectively preventing soil erosion caused by strong winds in spring and winter. Second, they often require ongoing maintenance, such as regular repairs of damaged barriers and replanting of vegetation. This not only increases the cost of sand control but also hinders large-scale, long-term implementation due to water scarcity and labor shortages in arid regions, making it difficult to consolidate sand control results.

[0003] Biological soil crusts are formed by the close integration of cryptophytes such as algae, lichens, and mosses with soil particles. They play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the stability of desert ecosystems. They can increase surface roughness, reduce wind erosion intensity, improve soil fertility, and reduce soil erosion. However, traditional sand control models cannot promote their formation in the short term, which puts the early sand control results at risk of loss during harsh seasons. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a sand control model that does not require complex post-management and can quickly form biological soil crusts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a sand control model that can self-sustain and quickly form biological soil crusts. By optimizing the construction process of clay sand barriers and the planting and management technology of sand-fixing plants, this model can achieve the rapid formation of biological soil crusts within 3-4 years without the need for complex subsequent management and maintenance, effectively preventing soil erosion in spring and winter, and promoting efficient control of desertified land and sustainable ecological restoration.

[0005] The specific steps include:

[0006] Step one: Clear the land of rocks, debris, discarded plastic, and other debris to facilitate the installation of clay sand barriers and the planting of sand-fixing plants. After leveling the land, the soil is gradually improved by natural rainfall. Rainfall carries dust, microorganisms, and other substances from the air into the soil, gradually improving its structure. Simultaneously, as the sand-fixing plants grow, their roots secrete organic matter, further enhancing soil fertility without the need for additional manual maintenance.

[0007] Step 2: Select local clay with a clay content of 40% ± 10%. After drying and crushing, mix the clay, water and thickener in a mass ratio of 100: (30-50): (0.1-0.3), and stir in a mixer for 18 minutes to obtain a slurry (the first 10 minutes are stirred and mixed at a low speed of 100 r / min, and the next 8 minutes are high-speed sheared at a speed of 208 r / min). The slurry is placed in a mold to make a 1.5m×1.5m×10cm clay sand barrier unit, which is directly laid on the surface. The clay sand barrier unit is arranged at an angle of 60°-90° to the local main wind direction.

[0008] Preferably, the thickener is polyvinyl alcohol.

[0009] Step three: Select sand-fixing plants that are drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, and have well-developed root systems that are suitable for local climate and soil conditions. These plants have strong ecological adaptability and sand-fixing capabilities, and can grow naturally in harsh desert environments without the need for continuous artificial irrigation and fertilization.

[0010] Before sowing, the sand-fixing plants are soaked in 70% thiophanate-methyl for 18 ± 2 minutes. The seeds are then placed in a natural environment to germinate. When 75% ± 5% of the seeds are white, they are sown in the center of the clay sand barrier. After sowing, the soil is naturally compressed, eliminating the need for additional pressure equipment. This sand-fixing model eliminates the need for complex post-implantation maintenance.

[0011] Preferably, the sand-fixing plants include but are not limited to Artemisia ordosica, Astragalus membranaceus (Astragalus obliquus) and Caragana korshinskii. Most preferably, the sowing rate of Artemisia ordosica is 1-1.25 kg / mu, the sowing rate of Astragalus membranaceus is 2-2.5 kg / mu, and the sowing rate of Caragana korshinskii is 1.0-1.5 kg / mu.

[0012] Preferably, the disinfectant is thiophanate-methyl with a concentration of 70%.

[0013] Preferably, the sowing time is spring (April-May) or autumn (September-October), the sowing method is hole sowing, and the sowing depth is 1.5±0.2 cm.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0015] The sand control method of the present invention rapidly forms biological soil crusts mainly composed of algae crusts and moss crusts within 3-4 years, effectively preventing soil erosion in spring and winter, improving the ecological environment of desertified land, and increasing the vegetation coverage rate to 40%-50% within 3 years. In addition, the entire process does not require complex subsequent manual management and maintenance, thereby achieving the sustainability of the sand control project. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 Flowchart of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a 4-year biological soil crust growth diagram for clay sand barrier unit + sand-fixing vegetation.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a 25-year biological soil crust growth map of clay sand barrier unit + sand-fixing vegetation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] Step one: Clear away stones, debris, discarded plastics and other debris in the land to be treated to facilitate the installation of clay sand barriers and the sowing of sand-fixing plants; after the land is leveled, rely on natural precipitation to slowly improve the soil.

[0023] Step 2: Select local clay with a clay content of less than 40%. After drying and crushing, mix the clay, water and polyvinyl alcohol in a mass ratio of 100:40:0.2, and stir in a mixer for 18 minutes to obtain a slurry (the first 10 minutes are low-speed stirring and mixing at a speed of 100 r / min, and the next 8 minutes are high-speed shearing at a speed of 208 r / min). The slurry is placed in a mold to make a 1.5m×1.5m×10cm clay sand barrier unit (compressive strength reaches 0.6MPa), and it is directly laid on the surface. The clay sand barrier unit is arranged perpendicular to the local main wind direction.

[0024] Step three, select drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, and root-developed sand-fixing plants suitable for local climate and soil conditions: Artemisia ordosica, Aspergillus niger or Caragana korshinskii. Before sowing, soak the sand-fixing plants in 70% methyl thiophanate for 18±2 minutes (stir manually for the first 10 minutes, with a speed of ≤50r / min and then let it stand for 8 minutes). Then place the seeds in a natural environment for germination. Sow when 75%±5% of the seeds are white. The sowing rate is 1.15kg / mu, the sowing rate is 2.25kg / mu, and the sowing rate is 1.25kg / mu. The sowing position is the center of the clay sand barrier. The sowing time is April-May (average daily temperature ≥10℃ for more than 5 days) or September-October (30 days before soil freezing to ensure root development). It should be postponed by 10 days in arid areas (to avoid spring drought) and 15 days in high-cold areas (to extend the growing period). The sowing method is hole sowing, and the sowing depth is 1.5±0.2cm.

[0025] Test Example 1

[0026] The implementation location is: Shazhuyu Township, Gonghe County, Hainan Prefecture, Qinghai Province

[0027] Implementation effect: Before implementation, the area was mobile sand with severe wind erosion, with an annual wind erosion rate of about 2.91 mm / a. Three years after implementation, obvious biological soil crusts (moss crusts and algae crusts) were formed, with a coverage of more than 70% and a thickness of more than 5 mm (moss crusts more than 10 mm, algae crusts more than 5 mm), and vegetation coverage of more than 50%, effectively increasing the soil's resistance to wind erosion and significantly reducing soil wind erosion by more than 70%; 25 years after implementation, the coverage of biological soil crusts was more than 95%, with a thickness of more than 8 mm (moss crusts more than 12 mm, algae crusts more than 8 mm), and no soil wind erosion occurred in the experimental area.

[0028] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for growing biological soil crusts suitable for desertified land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Clean up the debris in the land to be treated and improve the soil; Step 2: Select local clay with a clay content of 30-50%, dry and crush it, mix the clay, water and thickener in a mass ratio of 100: (30-50): (0.1-0.3), stir to obtain a slurry, and make the slurry into a clay sand barrier unit, which is directly laid on the surface; Step 3: Select sand-fixing plants that are drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, and have well-developed root systems. Soak the sand-fixing plants in disinfectants before sowing, then place the seeds in a natural environment for germination. Sow when 75% ± 5% of the seeds are white. The sowing rate is 0.4-1.75g / m 2 The sowing position is in the center of the clay sand barrier.

2. A method for growing biological soil crusts suitable for desertified land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the soil is improved through natural precipitation.

3. The method for growing biological soil crusts suitable for desertified land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickener in step 2 is polyvinyl alcohol.

4. The method for growing biological soil crusts suitable for desertified land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the slurry is made into a clay sand barrier unit of 1.5 m × 1.5 m × 10 cm.

5. The method for growing biological soil crusts suitable for desertified land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clay sand barrier unit described in step 2 is arranged at an angle of 60°-90° to the local main wind direction.

6. The method for growing biological soil crusts suitable for desertified land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand-fixing plants in step three include one or more of Artemisia ordosica, Astragalus membranaceus and Caragana korshinskii.

7. The method for growing biological soil crusts suitable for desertified land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfectant in step three is 70% thiophanate-methyl.

8. The method for growing biological soil crusts suitable for desertified land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing time is April to May or September to October, the sowing method is hole sowing, and the sowing depth is 1.5±0.2 cm.

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