Rice irrigation device and method based on layered soil moisture sensing

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice irrigation device and method based on layered soil moisture content sensing. The device comprises a water storage tank, a rainwater collector, a water conveying pipe, a table top, a water pump, a water outlet pipe, a hydraulic rotary spraying rod, an electromagnetic valve, a control box, a water inlet pipe, a layered soil sensor and a weather receiver. The method comprises the following steps: monitoring soil moisture content data of different depths in a root system area in real time by adopting a layered soil sensor, and collecting environmental meteorological parameters by utilizing a meteorological fusion device; the control box adopts a multi-factor dynamic weight decision-making algorithm to comprehensively analyze the soil moisture content and meteorological conditions and generate an intelligent irrigation decision-making instruction; accurate irrigation operation is achieved by controlling executing mechanisms such as a water pump, a hydraulic rotary spraying rod and an electromagnetic valve. By using the device, the irrigation amount and the irrigation time are accurately controlled, and the differentiated requirements of rice for water in different growth stages are met. The method can be widely applied to the field of intelligent agriculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of smart agriculture, and in particular to a rice irrigation device and method based on layered soil moisture perception. Background Art

[0002] Rice, the cornerstone of global food security, relies heavily on precise water supply for high and stable yields. However, traditional flood irrigation remains the dominant method. Field data shows that effective water utilization rates are only 30%–40%, with nearly 60% of freshwater lost through canal leakage and surface runoff.

[0003] Although drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation promoted in recent years have increased their utilization rate to about 50%, they face the problem of slow response to climate. When encountering continuous droughts, the system is unable to quickly increase the irrigation quota based on the sudden increase in evaporation, resulting in obstructed tillering, degradation of lemma and flowers, and a sharp increase in the risk of yield reduction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, in order to solve the technical problem of low response of drip irrigation / sprinkler irrigation systems in complex rice water demand scenarios, in a first aspect, the present invention proposes a rice irrigation device based on layered soil moisture perception, the device comprising:

[0005] The water storage tank has its water inlet connected to the rainwater collector through a water pipe to achieve multi-water source complementarity;

[0006] Rainwater collector with built-in 0.5mm vibrating screen and step-by-step desilting mechanism;

[0007] a countertop, fixed to the side of the water storage tank;

[0008] The water pump is installed on the table, with its water inlet connected to the water tank through the water inlet pipe, and its water outlet supplies water to the outside through the water outlet pipe;

[0009] Solenoid valve, normally closed pulse type, linked with the water pump to achieve millisecond-level water volume control;

[0010] Hydraulic rotary spray boom: 0-180° reciprocating swing (angular velocity 5° / s), the boom body is equipped with three-level variable diameter spray holes of Φ1.0 / 1.5 / 2.0mm, which can automatically switch the spraying mode according to drought conditions and salinity;

[0011] Layered soil sensor: retractable probe with three depths (5cm / 15cm / 30cm), integrated ceramic capacitor humidity unit and conductivity detection (salt resistance 15dS / m), and self-tapping threaded end design for quick implantation in hard soil;

[0012] Meteorological receiver: Contains a micro evaporation dish and an ultrasonic anemometer, providing the algorithm with measured evaporation and wind speed;

[0013] Control box: Built-in dynamic weight fuzzy algorithm, automatically shifting soil weight and meteorological weight according to the rice growth period, combined with salt compensation, and closed-loop control of the entire device through the LoRa wireless protocol:

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an irrigation method applied to the above-mentioned rice irrigation device, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1. Use layered soil sensors to monitor soil moisture data at different depths in the root zone in real time, and use a meteorological fusion device to collect environmental meteorological parameters.

[0016] The layered soil sensor collects soil moisture data at set time intervals, the meteorological receiver monitors and updates meteorological information in real time, and the data is transmitted to the control box to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the data.

[0017] S2. The control box adopts a multi-factor dynamic weight decision algorithm to comprehensively analyze soil moisture and meteorological conditions to generate intelligent irrigation decision instructions.

[0018] Based on the data received, the control box first determines whether the current meteorological conditions are suitable for irrigation. If it is raining or rainfall is expected in a short time, irrigation will be suspended. When it is suitable for irrigation, the fuzzy control algorithm is used to accurately calculate the amount of water and time required for this irrigation based on the water demand characteristics of different growth stages of rice (such as tillering stage, booting stage, filling stage, etc.) and soil moisture conditions. For example, during the tillering stage of rice, when the soil moisture is lower than the set lower limit (such as 60%), the reasonable irrigation time and amount are calculated based on the current meteorological conditions and the degree of soil moisture deviation to promote effective tillering of rice.

[0019] S3. Ultimately, precise irrigation operations are achieved by controlling actuators such as water pumps, hydraulic rotary spray booms, and solenoid valves.

[0020] The control box will control the water pump based on the calculated irrigation instructions, and the solenoid valve and hydraulic rotary spray boom will perform irrigation operations according to the instructions. During the irrigation process, the layered soil sensor continuously monitors the changes in soil moisture and feeds the data back to the control box in real time. When the soil moisture reaches the set upper limit, the control box immediately issues an instruction to stop irrigation, ensuring that the water needs of rice growth are met while avoiding waste of water resources.

[0021] In some embodiments, further comprising:

[0022] Users can remotely log in to the irrigation control system via a dedicated app or webpage via a mobile phone, tablet, or computer. On the terminal, users can view real-time data such as soil moisture, weather information, and irrigation status. They can also manually adjust irrigation parameters based on actual conditions, enabling remote monitoring and management. For example, if a user discovers that their rice fields are about to experience high temperatures and drought while away from home, they can use the remote terminal to increase irrigation volume and frequency in advance to mitigate the impact of inclement weather on rice growth.

[0023] Based on the above scheme, the present invention provides a rice irrigation device and method based on stratified soil moisture sensing. This device utilizes stratified soil sensors to detect soil moisture in the root layer, overcoming the limitations of traditional single-surface monitoring. It also establishes a multi-factor collaborative decision-making mechanism combining weather, soil, and growing period factors. Furthermore, it utilizes variable-diameter nozzles and a rotating spray boom to improve irrigation uniformity. This solution significantly optimizes rice water use efficiency and enhances drought resistance, making it suitable for both conventional farmland and saline-alkali land improvement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a rice irrigation device based on layered soil moisture perception according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the steps of a rice irrigation method based on layered soil moisture perception according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure numerals: 1. Water storage tank; 2. Rainwater collector; 3. Water pipe; 4. Countertop; 5. Water pump; 6. Water outlet pipe; 7. Hydraulic rotary spray boom; 8. Solenoid valve; 9. Control box; 10. Water inlet pipe; 11. Layered soil sensor; 12. Weather receiver. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] It should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the drawings. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0029] It should be understood that the terms "system," "device," "unit," and / or "module" used in this application are a method for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions, or assemblies at different levels. However, if other terms can achieve the same purpose, the terms may be replaced by other expressions.

[0030] As used in this application and the claims, unless the context clearly indicates an exception, the terms "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" are not intended to refer to the singular and may include the plural, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Generally speaking, the terms "comprises" and "include" only indicate the inclusion of the steps and elements specifically identified, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list. A method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements. The phrase "comprises a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, product, or apparatus that includes the elements.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this application, "plurality" refers to two or more than two. The terms "first" and "second" below are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0032] In addition, flow charts are used in this application to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in exact order. Instead, the steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Furthermore, other operations may be added to these processes, or one or more operations may be removed from these processes.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 , which is a schematic diagram of an optional example of a rice irrigation device based on layered soil moisture perception proposed by the present invention, the device embodiment may include:

[0034] A water storage tank 1 and a rainwater collector 2, the water inlet of the water storage tank 1 is connected to a water pipe 3, the water outlet of the water pipe 3 is connected to one end of the water pipe 3, and a table 4 is provided on one side of the water storage tank 1;

[0035] A water pump 5 is installed on the upper surface of the table 4. The water inlet end of the water pump 5 is connected to the water inlet pipe 10. One end of the water inlet pipe 10 is connected to the water outlet of the water tank 1. The water outlet end of the water pump 5 is connected to the water outlet pipe 6. A hydraulic rotating spray rod 7 is installed on the outer wall of the water outlet pipe 6.

[0036] Hydraulic rotary spray boom 7: driven by a hydraulic cylinder to swing back and forth 0-180 degrees, with an angular velocity of 5 degrees / s and a delay in responding to control box commands of less than 0.5 seconds. The surface of the spray boom is equipped with three levels of variable diameter spray holes (Φ1.0mm / Φ1.5mm / Φ2.0mm)

[0037] A control box 9 is installed on the upper surface of the table 4. A layered soil sensor 11 is installed on one side of the control box 9. The layered soil sensor 11 includes three retractable probes (5cm / 15cm / 30cm depth). The probes integrate a ceramic capacitor humidity sensing unit and a conductivity detection module.

[0038] A meteorological receiver 12 is installed on the upper surface of the table 4. The meteorological receiver 12 integrates a micro evaporating dish (diameter 20 cm) and an ultrasonic anemometer, and the data refresh rate is 1 Hz.

[0039] A solenoid valve 8 is installed on the outer wall of the water outlet pipe 6. The solenoid valve 8 is a normally closed pulse solenoid valve with an opening / closing response time of ≤0.3s.

[0040] Rainwater collector 2 has a built-in stepper motor to drive the dredging mechanism, the vibration screen amplitude is 3mm, and the dredging cycle is 2h-1.

[0041] The probe end of the layered soil sensor 11 has a self-tapping thread (penetration force > 50N) and a 304 stainless steel shell that is resistant to salt corrosion (EC tolerance value > 15dS / m).

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, a rice irrigation method based on layered soil moisture perception comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1. Layered soil moisture data collection and fusion transmission

[0044] Layered monitoring: The layered soil sensor 11 uses three retractable probes (5cm / 15cm / 30cm) to synchronously collect soil moisture data at different depths in the root zone at 15-minute intervals (accuracy ±2%) and an electrical conductivity detection unit (salt corrosion resistant design, EC detection range 0-15dS / m) to monitor salt migration risks in real time.

[0045] Meteorological fusion: Meteorological receiver 12 integrated micro evaporation dish (diameter 20cm) directly measures evaporation (E p ) rather than relying on theoretical models. Ultrasonic anemometers (with a refresh rate of 1 Hz) capture microclimate changes in rice fields.

[0046] Data transmission: The layered soil moisture and meteorological data are encrypted and transmitted to the control box 9 via the LoRa wireless protocol, with a packet loss rate of <0.1%.

[0047] S2. Multi-factor dynamic weight decision-making.

[0048] Dynamic weight migration mechanism:

[0049] Table 1 Corresponding weights of different growth periods

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] In this embodiment, the fuzzy decision formula is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Where, I is the initial value of irrigation time (seconds, used to convert to actual minutes), K c is the crop coefficient (dimensionless) reflecting the transpiration characteristics of rice at different growth stages, ET0 is the reference crop evaporation and transpiration (mm / d) representing the water evaporation capacity under standard conditions; w s and W m are the soil and meteorological dynamic weight factors (0.6 and 0.4 respectively at the tillering stage, and vary with the growth period); ΔS is the percentage deviation (%) between the soil moisture content at the 15 cm layer and the set lower limit, S std is the standard value of soil moisture content in the corresponding growth period (e.g. the lower limit of 60% in the tillering period); E p is the actual evaporation measured by the meteorological receiver (mm), V w is the measured wind speed (m / s); 8 and 4 are the typical benchmark values ​​of reference evaporation (mm) and reference wind speed (m / s) during the tillering period, respectively; t is a dimensionless time parameter determined according to scenarios such as irrigation frequency and soil infiltration characteristics.

[0055] ΔS: 15cm layer humidity deviation (lower limit reference: 60% in tillering stage, 65% in booting stage, 70% in grain filling stage)

[0056] Salt synergy: When EC>3dS / m, add compensation amount α·EC adj (α=0.3);

[0057] Rainfall pre-response: Access to weather radar data, if the forecast rainfall within 3 hours is greater than 10mm, irrigation will be automatically delayed and rainwater collection will be started.

[0058] S3. Accurate execution and real-time feedback.

[0059] Adaptive execution: After the control box 9 generates the command, the hydraulic rotary spray boom 7 swings at an angular speed of 5° / s (0-180°) to achieve full coverage of the rice field.

[0060] Three-level spray hole intelligent switching: Φ1.0mm (drought water conservation), Φ1.5mm (conventional irrigation), Φ2.0mm (salt-alkali land leaching)

[0061] Millisecond response: The solenoid valve 8 adopts a normally closed pulse response time of ≤0.3s, and the water flow is immediately cut off when the humidity reaches the upper limit.

[0062] Closed-loop feedback: soil moisture in the 15cm layer is collected every 2 minutes during irrigation, and irrigation duration is dynamically corrected (error compensation rate > 90%).

[0063] S4, two-way remote monitoring and management

[0064] "Parameter Sandbox" mechanism: When users adjust parameters through the APP, the system first simulates the effect in a virtual farmland model, and then synchronizes it to the physical device after verifying safety.

[0065] Abnormal warning: When the layered sensor data conflicts (such as 5cm wet / 30cm dry), fault diagnosis is automatically triggered and an alarm is pushed.

[0066] Special interface for saline-alkali land: The remote terminal adds a dynamic curve of EC value and supports manual setting of elution threshold (default 3dS / m).

[0067] In one embodiment, in the S1 "layered soil moisture data collection and fusion transmission" stage: the layered soil sensor 11 synchronously collects the soil volume moisture content and electrical conductivity (EC) of the three root zones of 5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm at a fixed interval of 15 minutes; the meteorological receiver 12 updates the evaporation volume E measured by the evaporation dish in real time. p Wind speed V with ultrasonic anemometer w The above data are instantly aggregated to the control box 9 via the LoRa encrypted link to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the soil moisture-meteorological fusion data.

[0068] In one embodiment, in the S2 "multi-factor dynamic weight decision" stage: after receiving the fusion data, the control box 9 first calls the weather radar interface. If the current or future rainfall forecast within 3 hours is greater than 10 mm, the irrigation instruction is directly terminated; when there is no rainfall risk, the corresponding dynamic weight combination (w s 、w m ) and read the 15cm layer humidity deviation ΔS.

[0069] Take the tillering period as an example: when ΔS < -10% (i.e. the measured humidity is lower than the lower limit of 60%), the system substitutes the fuzzy decision formula:

[0070]

[0071] I represents the calculated initial value of irrigation duration, in seconds (s); K c represents the crop coefficient (dimensionless); ET0 represents the reference crop evapotranspiration, in millimeters per day (mm / d); ΔS represents the percentage deviation of soil moisture, in %; S std Indicates the standard value of soil moisture content, in %; E p Indicates precipitation in millimeters (mm); Eref Indicates wind speed in meters per second (m / s); V w Represents wind speed in meters per second (m / s); t represents the time parameter (determined according to the specific application scenario, dimensionless).

[0072] After calculating I according to the above formula, determine the irrigation duration t according to the following rules irr : 1. Round down 1 to 15 seconds (i.e., take the maximum 15-second integer multiple value that is less than or equal to 1); 2. Convert to minutes to get t irr , the unit is minute (min).

[0073] Example:

[0074] When ΔS=-12%, E p =6mm, V w =3m / s, after calculation and processing by the above formula, we get t irr =8min.

[0075] If EC>3dS / m, then at t irr Add 30% of the elution compensation amount α·EC adj j. Ensure that salt leaching and tillering promotion are completed simultaneously.

[0076] In one embodiment, during the "Precise Execution and Real-Time Feedback" stage S3, the control box 9 transmits the irrigation quantity and duration instructions calculated in S2 to the water pump 5 to initiate water supply. Simultaneously, it opens the solenoid valve 8 and drives the hydraulic rotary spray boom 7 to swing at a constant speed of 5° / s to initiate irrigation. During irrigation, the layered soil sensor 11 collects soil moisture in the 15cm layer every 2 minutes. When the real-time moisture reaches the upper threshold for the growth period (70% during tillering, 75% during booting, and 80% during grain filling), the control box 9 immediately closes the solenoid valve 8 and stops the pump, achieving millisecond-level water shut-off, ensuring the rice's water needs while preventing over-irrigation.

[0077] In one embodiment, in the S4 "two-way remote monitoring and management" stage: users can log in to the "Parameter Sandbox" APP / web remote access system through mobile phones, tablets or computers to view in real time: the 5cm / 15cm / 30cm soil moisture and EC curves uploaded by the layered soil sensor 11; the evaporation E updated by the meteorological receiver 12; p, wind speed Vw, and radar rainfall forecast; current irrigation status, remaining time, hydraulic rotary spray boom 7 angle, and solenoid valve 8 opening. If adjustments are required, first enter the new parameters in the sandbox model (such as increasing irrigation volume by 20% after 72 hours, or adjusting the saline-alkali land leaching threshold from 3dS / m to 2.5dS / m). The system completes the virtual farmland simulation within 3 seconds and prompts the impact assessment. After the user confirms that everything is correct, the command is sent to the control box 9 with one click, realizing "remote prediction - sandbox verification - instant synchronization", ensuring that the increased irrigation volume is completed before the onset of high temperature and drought and avoiding misoperation.

[0078] Based on the above scheme, the present invention also provides a performance comparison of relevant indicators, as shown in the following table.

[0079] Table 2 Performance comparison between the irrigation method of the present invention and the traditional irrigation method

[0080]

[0081] 1. Through precise soil moisture monitoring and intelligent irrigation decision-making, the present invention can irrigate according to the actual water demand of rice, avoiding the waste of water resources in traditional irrigation methods. In the case of drought and little rain, the device can adjust the irrigation strategy in time according to real-time meteorological and soil moisture data to ensure that rice can obtain sufficient water supply even in a water-scarce environment, effectively enhancing the drought resistance of rice and reducing production losses caused by drought.

[0082] Second, the fuzzy control algorithm of the control box of the present invention comprehensively considers multiple factors to achieve precise control of irrigation quantity and timing, meeting the differentiated water requirements of rice at different growth stages, helping to improve rice yield and quality. The water collection and storage system, as well as real-time monitoring and response to meteorological conditions, enables it to adapt to rice irrigation needs in different regions and climate conditions, thus having wide applicability and promotion value. It can achieve excellent irrigation regulation and control effects in both water-rich areas and drought-scarce areas.

[0083] The contents of the above-mentioned device embodiments are all applicable to the present method embodiments. The functions specifically implemented by the present method embodiments are the same as those of the above-mentioned device embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above-mentioned device embodiments.

[0084] The above is a specific description of the preferred implementation of the present invention, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the present invention. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A rice irrigation device based on layered soil moisture perception, characterized in that: The invention comprises a water storage tank (1), a rainwater collector (2), a water pipe (3), a table (4), a water pump (5), a water outlet pipe (6), a hydraulic rotary spraying rod (7), a solenoid valve (8), a control box (9), a water inlet pipe (10), a layered soil sensor (11) and a weather receiver (12), wherein: The water storage tank (1) is connected to the rainwater collector (2) via the water pipe (3); The rainwater collector (2) is provided with a vibrating screen; The table (4) is fixed to the side of the water storage tank (1), and a water pump (5), a control box (9) and a weather receiver (12) are installed on the table (4); The water inlet end of the water pump (5) is connected to the water inlet pipe (10), one end of the water inlet pipe (10) is connected to the water outlet of the water storage tank (1), the water outlet end of the water pump (5) is connected to the water outlet pipe (6), and a hydraulic rotary spray rod (7) and a solenoid valve (8) are installed on the outer wall of the water outlet pipe (6); The layered soil sensor (11) is connected to the control box (9), and the layered soil sensor (11) comprises a multi-section retractable probe, wherein the probe is integrated with a humidity sensing unit and a conductivity detection unit.

2. The rice irrigation device based on layered soil moisture perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rainwater collector (2) has a built-in silt removal mechanism.

3. The rice irrigation device based on layered soil moisture perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the hydraulic rotary spray rod (7) is provided with three levels of variable diameter spray holes.

4. The rice irrigation device based on layered soil moisture perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solenoid valve (8) is a normally closed pulse solenoid valve.

5. The rice irrigation device based on layered soil moisture perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weather receiver (12) is integrated with an evaporation dish and an ultrasonic anemometer.

6. The rice irrigation device based on layered soil moisture perception according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end of the probe is provided with a self-tapping thread.

7. The rice irrigation method based on layered soil moisture perception according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rice irrigation device based on layered soil moisture perception as claimed in claim 1 specifically comprises: The layered soil sensor (11) collects soil moisture data at different depths in the root zone to obtain soil information; Measuring meteorological changes through the meteorological receiver (12) to obtain meteorological information; transmitting the soil information and meteorological information to the control box (9); generating irrigation instructions based on multi-factor dynamic weight decision-making, the soil information, and the meteorological information; The water pump (5), the hydraulic rotary spray bar (7) and the solenoid valve (8) are controlled to operate according to the irrigation instruction.

8. The rice irrigation method based on layered soil moisture perception according to claim 7, characterized in that: The relevant formulas in multi-factor dynamic weight decision-making are expressed as follows: Where I represents the irrigation amount, A represents the irrigation area, d represents the root layer depth, Δθ represents the deviation of soil volumetric moisture content, and W s represents the soil dynamic weight factor, W m represents the meteorological dynamic weight factor, K m Indicates the meteorological correction factor, E p Indicates the measured evaporation, E ref Indicates the reference evaporation capacity, V w Indicates the measured wind speed, v ref represents the reference wind speed, t represents the irrigation time, and Q represents the rated flow of the water pump.

9. The rice irrigation method based on layered soil moisture perception according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: When users adjust parameters through the APP, the system first simulates the effect in the virtual farmland model, and then synchronizes it to the physical device after verifying safety.

10. The rice irrigation method based on layered soil moisture perception according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: When the layered soil sensor data conflicts, a fault warning is triggered.

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