Cutter for efficiently machining precise holes and using method thereof

Abstract

A cutter handle is arranged at one end of a cutter body, the cutter body is of a three-section composite structure and comprises a rough machining cutter body at the head, a semi-finish machining cutter body in the middle and a finish machining cutter body at the tail, a cutting edge is arranged at the front end of each section of cutter body, and the three sections of cutting edges are in continuous transition; the rough machining cutter body is of a drill bit structure, the semi-finish machining cutter body is of a plunge milling cutter structure, and the finish machining cutter body is of a two-blade spiral groove reamer structure. In the implementation process, due to the fact that the three-section type composite cutter structure is arranged on one cutter body, rough machining, semi-finish machining and finish machining can be completed in a one-step mode for the same part along with advancing of the cutter body, the machining time is shortened by more than 60%, the machining cost is reduced, and economic benefits are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention and the technical field of precision hole machining, specifically a tool for efficiently machining precision holes and a method for using the same, and more particularly, a tool for machining precision holes that combines rough machining, semi-finishing machining and finishing machining into one and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] Currently, when using CNC machining centers to process some complex parts, the parts require a large number of machining features, including multiple surface machining, multiple hole machining, or thread machining. Each feature usually requires a dedicated tool for rough and fine machining. This will cause the following problems when machining parts: 1. Each feature requires rough and fine machining, which takes a long time and increases machining costs; 2. Due to the large number of machining features, a large number of tools are used, which increases the tool cost; 3. Using a large number of tools increases the tool change time of the CNC machining center, prolongs the processing time, and increases the production cost.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a new type of special tool that can complete multiple processing steps at one time and improve production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved tool for efficiently processing precision holes and a method for using the same. Through structural improvements, the tool of the present invention can combine the three processes of rough processing, semi-finishing and finishing of precision holes into one process, shortening the processing time by more than 60% and significantly improving production efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is: a tool for efficiently processing precision holes, including a tool body, characterized in that: a tool handle is provided at one end of the tool body, and the tool body is a three-section composite structure, namely a rough processing tool body at the head, a semi-finishing tool body in the middle and a finishing tool body at the tail, and a cutting edge is provided at the front end of each section of the tool body, and a continuous transition is maintained between the three sections of the cutting edges; the rough processing tool body is a drill structure, the semi-finishing tool body adopts a milling cutter structure, and the finishing tool body adopts a two-edge spiral groove reamer structure.

[0006] Preferably, the drill head angle of the rough machining cutter body is 140°, the cutting edge is double-edged, the width of the edge band is 0.35-0.4 mm, and the rough machining cutter body is provided with a set of symmetrically designed internal cooling holes and S-shaped chip grooves.

[0007] Furthermore, the angle of the chip groove is 55°, the front angle of the end edge is -1°, the first clearance angle of the end edge is 10°, and the second clearance angle of the end edge is 25°.

[0008] Furthermore, the semi-finishing cutter body has a top angle of 180, a cutting edge angle of 90°, and a double-edged cutting edge.

[0009] Furthermore, a first transition edge is provided between the rough machining cutter body and the semi-finishing cutter body, and the angle of the first transition edge is 45°±0.5°; a second transition edge is provided between the semi-finishing cutter body and the finishing cutter body, and the angle of the second transition edge is 45°±0.5°.

[0010] Furthermore, the diameter of the roughing cutter body is 0.1 mm smaller than the diameter of the semi-finishing cutter body, and the diameter of the semi-finishing cutter body is 0.1 mm smaller than the diameter of the finishing cutter body.

[0011] A method for using a tool for efficiently machining precision holes, characterized by the following steps: a. connecting a composite tool to a standard strong tool holder, and calibrating the tool using a tool setter to obtain tool length, tool diameter, and radial and axial runout data; b. installing the tool on a CNC machining center, and transmitting the CNC machining program to the CNC machine tool controller; the machining speed is 2000 s / min, and the cutting feed is F400 mm / min; c. aligning the part according to the part programming origin, and sequentially completing rough machining, semi-finishing, and finishing; and d. verifying the finished product.

[0012] Preferably, in step c, during rough machining, the part hole is rough machined to φ9.8 mm, leaving a single-side margin of 0.1 mm, and the drill tip angle is 140°±0.5°.

[0013] Preferably, in step c, during semi-finishing, the part hole is semi-finished to φ9.9mm, leaving a single-side allowance of 0.05mm, wherein the cutting edge angle is 90°, and the tool tip is sharpened for protection; ensuring smooth semi-finishing cutting and correcting the coaxiality deviation caused by rough machining of the hole.

[0014] Furthermore, in step c, during finishing, the part hole is finished to φ10mm and the roughness is RZ8; the angles of the first and second transition blades are 45°±0.5°, and the finishing blades are ground to ensure the finishing dimensional tolerance requirements and roughness requirements.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention not only improves the overall technical solution, but also includes many improvements in details. Specifically, it has the following beneficial effects: 1. The improved solution of the present invention has a three-section composite tool body, comprising a roughing cutter body at the head, a semi-finishing cutter body in the middle, and a finishing cutter body at the tail. Each cutter body has a cutting edge at the front end, and the three cutting edges maintain a continuous transition. This composite tool can combine the roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing processes of precision holes into a single process, shortening processing time by over 60% and significantly improving production efficiency. 2. In the technical solution of the present invention, the rough machining cutter body is a drill structure, the semi-finishing cutter body adopts a plunge milling cutter structure, and the finishing cutter body adopts a two-edge spiral groove reamer structure. By cutting the cutters in sequence, the precision holes can be efficiently processed under the premise of ensuring the machining accuracy and surface quality of the parts, saving manpower and reducing production costs. 3. In the method of using the present invention, the tool is installed on the CNC machining center, and the CNC machining program is transmitted to the CNC machine tool controller; the machining speed is 2000s / min and the cutting feed is F400mm / min; then the part is aligned according to the part programming origin, and rough machining, semi-finishing and finishing are completed in sequence, so that the finished hole diameter, position, roundness and roughness meet the requirements of the drawing, and the cost-effectiveness is high; 4. The tool of the present invention has a simple structure, reasonable arrangement, convenient and quick use, and is easy to promote and utilize. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the rough machining cutter body of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the machining accuracy of the tool in the method of use of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the end structure of the rough machining cutter body of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the chisel edge chamfer structure in the F direction.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the second transition edge of the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals: 1 rough machining cutter body, 2 semi-finishing cutter body, 3 finishing cutter body; 11 drill head top angle, 12 internal coolant hole, 13 S-shaped chip groove; 21 cutting edges; 31 second transition edge; 311 second transition edge axial clearance angle 1, 312 second transition edge axial clearance angle 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The present invention provides a tool for efficiently machining precision holes, including a tool body, see Figure 1 The difference between it and the existing technology is that a tool handle is provided at one end of the tool body, and the tool body is a three-section composite structure, namely a rough machining tool body 1 at the head, a semi-finishing tool body 2 in the middle, and a finishing tool body 3 at the tail. A cutting edge is provided at the front end of each tool body, and a continuous transition is maintained between the three cutting edges; the rough machining tool body is a drill structure, the semi-finishing tool body adopts a plunge milling cutter structure, and the finishing tool body adopts a two-edge spiral groove reamer structure.

[0025] In practice, since a three-stage composite tool structure is provided on a tool body, as the tool body advances, the three processes of rough machining, semi-finishing and finishing can be completed in one pass for the same part. The processing time is shortened by more than 60%, which reduces the processing cost and effectively improves the economic benefits.

[0026] Example 1 In this embodiment, a tool handle is provided at one end of the tool body, and the tool body is a three-section composite structure, namely a rough machining tool body 1 at the head, a semi-finishing tool body 2 in the middle, and a finishing tool body 3 at the tail. A cutting edge is provided at the front end of each tool body section, and a coherent transition is maintained between the three cutting edges, so that each section maintains good cutting ability; the rough machining tool body is a drill bit structure, and the drilling positioning stability is good, and parts can be rough-machined; the semi-finishing tool body adopts a plunger cutter structure, which is beneficial to improving the coaxiality and cutting stability of the rough machining section drilling; the finishing tool body adopts a two-edge spiral groove reamer structure, which can ensure the hole accuracy and hole surface roughness quality.

[0027] Specifically, the length ratio of the roughing cutter body 1 at the head, the semi-finishing cutter body 2 in the middle and the finishing cutter body 3 at the tail is 1:1.5-2.2:2.8-4.3. The preferred value is 1:1.68:3.86. The diameter of the roughing cutter body is 0.1mm smaller than that of the semi-finishing cutter body, and the diameter of the semi-finishing cutter body is 0.1mm smaller than that of the finishing cutter body. The drill head angle of the roughing cutter body is 140°, the cutting edge is two-edged, the width of the blade is 0.35-0.4mm, and the roughing cutter body is provided with a set of symmetrically designed internal cooling holes 12 and S-shaped chip grooves 13. Here, the S-shaped chip groove can increase the chip removal amount and enhance the cutting stability and extend the tool life when rough machining holes. The increased chip groove angle can make chip removal smoother, so a chip groove with a special angle is adopted for the tool structure of the present invention.

[0028] Furthermore, the angle of the chip groove is 55° (see Figure 5 ), the end edge rake angle is -1°, the end edge first clearance angle is 10°, the end edge second clearance angle is 25°, and the chisel edge chamfer is 80°. The negative end edge angle here can improve the blade strength, and the end edge first and second clearance angles can ensure both the strength and sharpness of the blade body.

[0029] The semi-finishing tool body has a top angle of 180 degrees, and the angle of cutting edge 21 is 90 degrees. The cutting edge is double-edged. The spacing between the double-edged cutting edges gradually increases from the end to the middle, and then gradually converges to the end. The spacing value is 0.03mm at the end, 0.048mm in the middle, and 0.035mm at the end. Furthermore, there is a certain height difference between the two cutting edges here, with a height difference of 0.011mm, which can further improve the processing accuracy and reduce the tolerance value of the processing size to 0.018mm.

[0030] A first transition edge is provided between the roughing cutter body and the semi-finishing cutter body, and the angle of the first transition edge is 45°±0.5°; a second transition edge 31 is provided between the semi-finishing cutter body and the finishing cutter body, and the angle of the second transition edge is 45°±0.5°, which can ensure the finishing dimensional tolerance requirements and roughness requirements.

[0031] Furthermore, the axial clearance angle 1 of the second transition edge is 9°, and the axial clearance angle 2 is 25°. Figure 6 Specifically, the axial clearance angle of the transition blade adopts a two-stage clearance angle design, which can ensure both the strength and sharpness of the cutter body and optimize the surface roughness of the workpiece to be processed.

[0032] Example 2 This embodiment describes a method for using a tool for efficiently machining precision holes, which is characterized by the following steps: a. Connect the composite tool to a standard strong tool holder, and calibrate the tool using a tool setting instrument, including tool length, tool diameter, and radial and axial runout data; b. Install the tool on a CNC machining center and transfer the CNC machining program to the CNC machine tool controller; the machining speed is 2000s / min and the cutting feed is F400mm / min; c. Align the part according to the part programming origin, and complete rough machining, semi-finishing, and finishing in sequence; d. Verify the finished product.

[0033] Specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, in step a, the composite tool is connected to a standard high-strength toolholder, which is then connected to the spindle end of a CNC machine tool. The CNC machine tool here is state-of-the-art, and its specific structure and operating principle will not be described here. In step c, rough machining is completed to a diameter of 9.8 mm, leaving a 0.1 mm margin on each side. The drill tip angle is 140° ± 0.5°, with a preferred value of 140.3°.

[0034] In step c, during semi-finishing, the part hole is semi-finished to φ9.9mm, leaving a single-side allowance of 0.05mm, where the cutting edge angle is 90°, and the tool tip is sharpened for protection; ensure smooth semi-finishing cutting, and correct the coaxiality deviation caused by the rough-machining hole to make the coaxiality deviation value less than 0.03mm.

[0035] In step c, during finishing, the part hole is finished to φ10 (+0.015 / 0) mm and the roughness is RZ8; the first and second transition blade angles are 45°±0.5, with the preferred values ​​being 44.8° for the first transition blade angle and 45.2° for the second transition blade angle, and the finishing blade is ground to ensure the finishing dimensional tolerance and roughness requirements, so that the finishing dimensional tolerance is less than or equal to 0.02 mm.

[0036] Through process capability verification, composite tools can effectively improve processing efficiency, increase equipment utilization, reduce tool investment, and reduce tool and production costs. At the same time, the finished product's aperture, position, roundness, and roughness all meet the requirements of the drawings.

[0037] The above is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be considered that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to the above description. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool for efficiently machining precision holes, comprising a tool body, characterized in that: A tool handle is provided at one end of the tool body. The tool body is a three-section composite structure, namely the rough machining tool body at the head, the semi-finishing tool body in the middle and the finishing tool body at the tail. A cutting edge is provided at the front end of each tool body, and a continuous transition is maintained between the three cutting edges; the rough machining tool body is a drill structure, the semi-finishing tool body adopts a plunge milling cutter structure, and the finishing tool body adopts a two-edge spiral groove reamer structure.

2. A tool for efficiently machining precision holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill head angle of the roughing cutter body is 140°, the cutting edge is double-edged, the width of the cutting edge land is 0.35-0.4mm, and the roughing cutter body is equipped with a set of symmetrically designed internal coolant holes and S-shaped chip grooves.

3. A tool for efficiently machining precision holes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle of the chip groove is 55°, the front angle of the end edge is -1°, the first clearance angle of the end edge is 10°, and the second clearance angle of the end edge is 25°.

4. The tool for efficiently machining precision holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top angle of the semi-finishing tool body is 180, the angle of the cutting edge is 90°, and the cutting edge is double-edged.

5. The tool for efficiently machining precision holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first transition edge is provided between the rough machining cutter body and the semi-finishing cutter body, and the angle of the first transition edge is 45°±0.5°; a second transition edge is provided between the semi-finishing cutter body and the finishing cutter body, and the angle of the second transition edge is 45°±0.5°.

6. The tool for efficiently machining precision holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the roughing cutter body is 0.1 mm smaller than that of the semi-finishing cutter body, and the diameter of the semi-finishing cutter body is 0.1 mm smaller than that of the finishing cutter body.

7. The method for using a tool for efficiently machining precision holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for use are as follows: a. Connect the composite tool to the standard strong handle. a. Calibrate the tool using a tool setter to obtain tool length, tool diameter, radial and axial runout data; b. Install the tool on the CNC machining center and transfer the CNC machining program to the CNC machine controller; machining speed 2000s / min, cutting feed F400mm / min; c. Align the part according to the part programming origin, and complete rough machining, semi-finishing and finishing in sequence; d. Verify the finished product.

8. The method for using a tool for efficiently machining precision holes according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step c, during rough machining, the part hole is rough machined to φ9.8mm, leaving a 0.1mm allowance on one side, and the drill tip angle is 140°±0.5°.

9. The method for using a tool for efficiently machining precision holes according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step c, during semi-finishing, the part hole is semi-finished to φ9.9mm, leaving a single-side allowance of 0.05mm, where the cutting edge angle is 90°, and the tool tip is sharpened for protection; ensure smooth semi-finishing cutting and correct the coaxiality deviation caused by rough machining of the hole.

10. The method for using a tool for efficiently machining precision holes according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step c, during finishing, the part hole is finished to φ10mm and the roughness is RZ8; the angles of the first and second transition blades are 45°±0.5°, and the finishing blades are ground to ensure the finishing dimensional tolerance and roughness requirements.

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