Material cutting performance evaluation method, device, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a material cutting performance evaluation method, device and equipment and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: controlling a milling cutter of a milling machine to mill a to-be-tested material according to preset milling parameters in a feeding direction perpendicular to the to-be-tested material under the condition that a test state is satisfied between fixed equipment and the to-be-tested material, so that a milling surface is formed on the to-be-tested material; controlling the force measuring equipment to monitor the actual milling force applied to the to-be-measured material by the milling cutter in the milling process; roughness detection equipment is controlled to detect the milling face, and the actual roughness is obtained; and evaluating the cutting performance of the to-be-tested material according to the actual milling force, the actual roughness and a preset index. Therefore, by integrating milling, real-time force measurement and surface roughness detection, a set of multi-index collaborative comprehensive evaluation system is constructed, and the cutting force and the machined surface quality can be quantitatively acquired and analyzed at the same time, so that the cutting machining performance of the material is simply, quickly, comprehensively and objectively reflected.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of material processing, and in particular, to a material cutting performance evaluation method, device, equipment and medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Cutting performance is a key indicator for evaluating a material. Since the existing evaluation system relies on a large number of quantitative indicators, in most cases, it can only rely on subjective experience judgment such as difficult cutting and poor machinability, and lacks objective and quantifiable basis. Therefore, how to quickly evaluate the cutting performance of the material is a technical problem that needs to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide a material cutting performance evaluation method, device, equipment and medium, which solve the technical problem of complex material cutting performance evaluation in the prior art, and achieve the technical effect of quickly evaluating the cutting performance of the material.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a material cutting performance evaluation method, a working surface of a milling machine is provided with a force measuring device, an upper surface of the force measuring device is provided with a fixing device, and the method comprises:

[0005] Under the condition that the test state is met between the fixing device and the material to be tested, the milling cutter of the milling machine is controlled to mill the material to be tested according to the preset milling parameters in the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested, so that a milling surface is formed on the material to be tested;

[0006] The force measuring device is controlled to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material to be tested during the milling process;

[0007] The roughness detection device is controlled to detect the milling surface to obtain the actual roughness;

[0008] The cutting performance of the material to be tested is evaluated according to the actual milling force, the actual roughness and the preset index.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing scheme, the preset milling parameters are obtained by the following steps:

[0010] Obtain the material size parameters of the material to be tested and the milling cutter size parameters of the milling cutter;

[0011] Determine the preset milling parameters according to the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing scheme, the preset milling parameters are determined according to the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters, comprising:

[0013] Determine the back engagement amount according to the material length in the material size parameters;

[0014] The side cutting amount and the feed per tooth are determined according to the milling cutter diameter in the milling cutter size parameters; and the preset milling parameters include the radial cutting depth, the side cutting amount and the feed per tooth.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing scheme, the milling cutter of the milling machine is controlled to mill the material to be tested according to the preset milling parameters along the direction perpendicular to the feeding direction of the material to be tested, so as to form a milling surface on the material to be tested, comprising:

[0016] The milling cutter is controlled to mill the material to be tested according to the preset milling parameters along the direction perpendicular to the feeding direction of the material to be tested, so as to form at least a radial milling surface and an axial milling surface on the material to be tested;

[0017] The width of the radial milling surface matches the side cutting amount in the preset milling parameters, and the depth of the axial milling surface matches the radial cutting depth in the preset milling parameters; the milling surface includes the radial milling surface and the axial milling surface.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing scheme, the roughness detection device is controlled to detect the milling surface to obtain the actual roughness, comprising:

[0019] The roughness detection device is controlled to detect the milling surface for a preset number of times, and a milling surface roughness detection value is obtained in each detection process;

[0020] The average value of the plurality of milling surface roughness detection values is taken as the actual roughness.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing scheme, the cutting performance of the material to be tested is evaluated according to the actual milling force, the actual roughness and the preset index, comprising:

[0022] According to the workpiece use of the material to be tested, the milling force weighting coefficient and the roughness weighting coefficient are determined;

[0023] The milling force evaluation index is obtained according to the ratio between the actual milling force and the preset milling force in the preset index;

[0024] The roughness evaluation index is obtained according to the ratio between the actual roughness and the preset roughness in the preset index;

[0025] The cutting performance of the material to be tested is evaluated according to the roughness weighting coefficient, the roughness weighting coefficient, the milling force evaluation index and the roughness evaluation index.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing scheme, the preset index is obtained by the following steps:

[0027] In the case that the test state is met between the fixed device and the standard material, the milling cutter is controlled to mill the standard material according to the preset milling parameters along the direction perpendicular to the feeding direction of the standard material, so as to form a standard milling surface on the standard material.

[0028] The control force measuring device monitors the milling force applied by the milling cutter to the standard material during the milling process as a preset milling force;

[0029] The control roughness detection device detects the roughness of the standard milling surface as a preset roughness; the preset indicators include the preset milling force and the preset roughness.

[0030] In a second aspect, the present application provides a material cutting performance evaluation device, a work surface of a milling machine is provided with a force measuring device, an upper surface of the force measuring device is provided with a fixing device, and the device comprises:

[0031] A milling control module is configured to control the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material to be tested according to preset milling parameters along a feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested under the condition that the test state is met between the fixing device and the material to be tested, so as to form a milling surface on the material to be tested;

[0032] A milling force monitoring module is configured to control the force measuring device to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material to be tested during the milling process;

[0033] A roughness detection module is configured to control the roughness detection device to detect the milling surface to obtain an actual roughness;

[0034] A performance evaluation module is configured to evaluate the cutting performance of the material to be tested according to the actual milling force, the actual roughness, and the preset indicators.

[0035] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0036] A processor;

[0037] A memory for storing processor-executable instructions;

[0038] The processor is configured to execute to implement the material cutting performance evaluation method provided in the first aspect.

[0039] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor of the electronic device, the electronic device can execute the material cutting performance evaluation method provided in the first aspect.

[0040] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0041] The embodiment of the present application provides a material cutting performance evaluation method, and the method comprises the following steps: under the condition that a test state is met between a fixed device and a material to be tested, controlling a milling cutter of a milling machine to mill the material to be tested along a feeding direction perpendicular to the material to be tested according to preset milling parameters, so that a milling surface is formed on the material to be tested; controlling a force measuring device to monitor actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material to be tested in the milling process; controlling a roughness detection device to detect the milling surface to obtain actual roughness; and evaluating the cutting performance of the material to be tested according to the actual milling force, the actual roughness and preset indexes.

[0042] It can be seen that the embodiment of the present application integrates milling processing, real-time force measurement and surface roughness detection, constructs a comprehensive evaluation system with multiple indexes, can simultaneously quantitatively collect and analyze the cutting force and the machining surface quality, and thus comprehensively and objectively reflects the cutting processing performance of the material. Compared with the traditional evaluation mode which depends on subjective experience or individual parameters, the present application adopts a standardized clamping scheme, preset milling parameters and a stable detection process, realizes synchronous online measurement of the cutting force and the surface roughness of the test sample, greatly improves the reliability and integrity of the test results, has good repeatability and comparability, significantly reduces the interference of human factors, and is suitable for rapid performance comparison and screening of different batches and different component steels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0044] Figure 1 A structure schematic diagram of a milling machine is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 2 A flowchart of a material cutting performance evaluation method is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Figure 3 A structure schematic diagram of a fixed device clamping a material to be tested is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 4 Another structure schematic diagram of a fixed device clamping a material to be tested is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Figure 5 A structure schematic diagram of a milling surface on a material to be tested is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Figure 6A structural schematic diagram of a material cutting performance evaluation device provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0050] Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0051] In the above figure: 101, a working surface of a milling machine; 102, a force measuring device; 103, a fixing device; 104, a material to be measured; 105, a milling cutter; 21, a radial milling surface; and 22, an axial milling surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The embodiment of the present application provides a material cutting performance evaluation method, and solves the technical problem that the cutting performance evaluation of a material is complex in the prior art.

[0053] To solve the above technical problem, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application has the following general idea:

[0054] The embodiment of the present application provides a material cutting performance evaluation method, and the method comprises the following steps: under the condition that a test state is met between a fixing device and a material to be measured, a milling cutter of a milling machine is controlled to mill the material to be measured along a feed direction perpendicular to the material to be measured according to preset milling parameters, so that a milling surface is formed on the material to be measured; a force measuring device is controlled to monitor actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material to be measured in the milling process; a roughness detection device is controlled to detect the milling surface, and actual roughness is obtained; and the cutting performance of the material to be measured is evaluated according to the actual milling force, the actual roughness and preset indexes.

[0055] It can be seen that the embodiment of the present application integrates milling processing, real-time force measurement and surface roughness detection, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation system with multiple indexes in cooperation, so that the cutting force and the machining surface quality can be quantitatively collected and analyzed at the same time, thereby comprehensively and objectively reflecting the cutting machining performance of the material. Compared with a traditional evaluation mode which depends on subjective experience or individual parameters, the present application adopts a standardized clamping scheme, preset milling parameters and a stable detection process, realizes synchronous online measurement of the cutting force and the surface roughness of the test sample, greatly improves the reliability and integrity of the test results, has good repeatability and comparability, significantly reduces human factor interference, and is suitable for rapid performance comparison and screening of different batches and different component steels.

[0056] In order to better understand the above technical scheme, the above technical scheme will be described in detail in combination with the drawings of the specification and the specific embodiments.

[0057] First, it should be clarified that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0058] The machinability of steel is a key indicator for evaluating its ease of machining, typically involving factors such as tool life, cutting force, surface finish, and chip morphology. In product development and material selection, the numerous quantitative indicators relied upon by existing evaluation systems, coupled with the complexity and high cost of cutting tests, often make it difficult to conduct systematic and accurate testing. This often leads to reliance on subjective judgments based on factors like difficulty in machining and poor machinability, lacking objective and quantifiable evidence.

[0059] Currently, although various force gauges are used in machining equipment such as lathes to achieve quantitative measurement of cutting forces, turning processes are limited by workpiece size, especially in slender round bars with a diameter of less than 20 mm, which are widely used in steel products. On the other hand, while drilling can accommodate even smaller materials and obtain force data during the drilling process, it cannot simultaneously provide a quantitative evaluation of the surface roughness of the machined surface, thus making it difficult to comprehensively reflect the overall cutting performance of the material.

[0060] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a method for evaluating the cutting performance of materials, which is compatible with a milling machine provided in this application.

[0061] First, we introduce a milling machine provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a milling machine according to an embodiment of this application, including a milling cutter 105, a material to be tested 104, a fixing device 103, a force measuring device 102, and a working surface 101 of the milling machine. The force measuring device 102 is provided on the working surface 101 of the milling machine, and the fixing device 103 is provided on the upper surface of the force measuring device 102. The material to be tested 104 is fixed in the fixing device 103.

[0062] During the cutting process of the milling cutter 105 on the material 104 under test, the milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material 104 under test is equal to the pressure applied by the fixed device 103 to the force measuring device 102. Since the milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material 104 under test and the milling resistance generated by the material 104 under test on the milling cutter are a pair of action and reaction forces, the milling resistance can be reflected by the detection value of the force measuring device 102, thereby evaluating the cutting performance of the material 104 under test. The larger the detection value of the force measuring device 102, the more difficult it is to cut the material 104 under test; the smaller the detection value, the easier it is to cut the material 104 under test.

[0063] After the above introduction of the milling machine provided by the embodiment of the application, the material cutting performance evaluation method provided by the embodiment of the application is introduced as follows. As shown in Figure 2 Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a material cutting performance evaluation method provided by the embodiment of the application, which includes steps S1-S4.

[0064] In step S1, under the condition that the test state is met between the fixing device 103 and the material to be tested 104, the milling cutter 105 of the milling machine is controlled to mill the material to be tested 104 along the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested 104 according to the preset milling parameters, so as to form a milling surface on the material to be tested 104.

[0065] In step S2, the force measuring device 102 is controlled to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material to be tested 104 during the milling process.

[0066] In step S3, the roughness detection device is controlled to detect the milling surface to obtain the actual roughness.

[0067] In step S4, the cutting performance of the material to be tested 104 is evaluated according to the actual milling force, the actual roughness, and the preset index.

[0068] Regarding step S1, under the condition that the test state is met between the fixing device 103 and the material to be tested 104, the milling cutter 105 of the milling machine is controlled to mill the material to be tested 104 along the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested 104 according to the preset milling parameters, so as to form a milling surface on the material to be tested 104.

[0069] The test state refers to a series of pre-set conditions and preparations that must be met before the formal milling to ensure the scientificity, accuracy, and safety of the test. The test state includes that the fixing device 103 stably fixes the material to be tested 104, for example, the clamping length between the fixing device 103 and the material to be tested 104 is greater than twice the side cutting amount in the preset milling parameters, and the protruding amount of the material to be tested 104 from the fixing device 103 is equal to the sum of the back cutting amount and the preset error (0.5mm-1.5mm) in the preset milling parameters. For example, Figure 3 and Figure 4 respectively show a fixing state of a fixing device 103 to a material to be tested 104, Figure 3 the material to be tested 104 is clamped by the V-shaped groove inside the fixing device 103, Figure 4 on the basis of Figure 3 the block structure is additionally provided and the material to be tested 104 is clamped by the V-shaped groove inside the block structure.

[0070] The preset milling parameters refer to the machine tool operating parameters that are preset before the milling starts according to the milling cutter 105, the material to be tested 104 and the test purpose. For example, the preset milling parameters include at least one of the milling cutter rotating speed, the feed speed, the radial immersion, the axial immersion and the feed per tooth.

[0071] Further, the preset milling parameters are obtained through step S111-step S112:

[0072] In step S111, the material size parameters of the material to be tested 104 and the milling cutter size parameters of the milling cutter 105 are obtained.

[0073] In step S112, the preset milling parameters are determined according to the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters.

[0074] Regarding step S111, the material size parameters of the material to be tested 104 and the milling cutter size parameters of the milling cutter 105 are obtained.

[0075] The material size parameters refer to the geometric size information of the material to be tested 104, which can be used to determine the clamping method, calculate the cutting amount and ensure the processing feasibility. For example, the material size parameters include the length and diameter of the material to be tested 104.

[0076] The milling cutter size parameters refer to the geometric size information of the milling cutter 105 itself, which is used to calculate the milling parameters. For example, the milling cutter size parameters include the milling cutter diameter and the number of teeth.

[0077] Regarding step S112, the preset milling parameters are determined according to the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters, including: determining the axial immersion according to the material length in the material size parameters; determining the radial immersion and the feed per tooth according to the milling cutter diameter in the milling cutter size parameters; the preset milling parameters include the axial immersion, the radial immersion and the feed per tooth.

[0078] The axial immersion is the depth of the cutting layer measured along the direction of the milling cutter axis. That is, the depth of the tool cutting into the workpiece in one cutting (for example, 5mm-10mm).

[0079] The radial immersion is the width of the cutting layer measured along the direction perpendicular to the milling cutter axis. That is, the contact width of the tool and the workpiece in the radial direction in one cutting. For example, the radial immersion is equal to half of the milling cutter diameter.

[0080] The feed per tooth refers to the relative displacement amount of the workpiece and the milling cutter 105 in the feed direction when the milling cutter 105 rotates one tooth. It directly determines the chip thickness of each tooth cutting, and is one of the key parameters affecting the milling force, tool life and machining surface quality. Too large feed per tooth will result in excessive cutting force and chipping; too small feed per tooth will result in friction instead of cutting, which will aggravate tool wear. For example, the feed per tooth can be determined according to Table 1.

[0081] Table 1. Correspondence between milling cutter diameter and feed per tooth

[0082]

[0083] Furthermore, the milling cutter can be controlled to mill the material 104 to be tested along a feed direction perpendicular to the material 104 to be tested according to preset milling parameters, so that at least a radial milling surface 21 and an axial milling surface 22 are formed on the material 104 to be tested. The width of the radial milling surface 21 matches the side depth of cut in the preset milling parameters, and the depth of the axial milling surface 22 matches the back depth of cut in the preset milling parameters; the milling surfaces include the radial milling surface 21 and the axial milling surface 22.

[0084] The feed direction perpendicular to the material to be measured 104 refers to the direction in which the milling cutter moves along the workpiece during the cutting process, in addition to the main motion of high-speed rotation, in order to continuously remove material.

[0085] A milled surface refers to the newly formed machined surface on the workpiece surface after the milling cutter cuts the workpiece. It is understood that in this embodiment, a single milling operation (one pass) can be performed on a corner or a step edge of the material 104 to be tested. This milling operation simultaneously processes the side and top surfaces of the workpiece, thus generating two mutually perpendicular machined surfaces (i.e., radial milling surface 21 and axial milling surface 22) in one operation.

[0086] like Figure 5 As shown, the radial milled surface 21 is formed by a milling cutter cutting the top surface of the material to be measured 104. The normal direction of the radial milled surface 21 (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the surface) is along the axial direction of the material to be measured 104. The width of the radial milled surface 21 can be numerically equal to the depth of cut. The axial milled surface 22 is formed by a milling cutter cutting the side surface of the material to be measured 104. The normal direction of the axial milled surface 22 (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the surface) is along the radial direction of the material to be measured 104. The depth of the axial milled surface 22 (i.e., the depth of the machined top surface) can be numerically equal to the depth of cut.

[0087] Regarding step S2, the control force measuring device 102 monitors the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material to be measured 104 during the milling process.

[0088] For example, the force measuring device 102 includes a force sensor. Since the material to be measured 104 is fixed to the upper surface of the force measuring device 102 by the fixing device 103, the cutting force generated by the milling cutter 105 on the material to be measured 104 is equal to the pressure of the fixing device 103 on the force sensor, thereby causing the force sensor to generate an electrical signal that matches the pressure it receives, so that the force measuring device 102 can monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material to be measured 104.

[0089] At the beginning of milling (the milling cutter 105 just cuts into the material 104 to be tested) and at the end of milling (the milling cutter 105 is about to cut out of the material 104 to be tested), due to the sudden change of cutting area and cutting state, the milling force will appear instantaneous sharp fluctuations (peak or trough). Therefore, in the stable cutting state after the milling cutter 105 completely cuts into the material 104 to be tested and before it starts to cut out, the average value of the data collected by the force measuring device 102 in this stable time interval is taken as the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material 104 to be tested.

[0090] Regarding step S3, the control roughness detection device detects the milling surface to obtain the actual roughness, including steps S31-S32.

[0091] Step S31, control the roughness detection device to detect the milling surface according to the preset number of times, and obtain a milling surface roughness detection value in each detection process;

[0092] Step S32, take the average value of multiple milling surface roughness detection values as the actual roughness.

[0093] Regarding steps S31-S32, the roughness detection device (such as a surface profiler or an optical microscope) is a precision instrument used to measure the microscopic unevenness (i.e. roughness) of the workpiece surface. The preset number of times refers to the number of repeated measurements at different positions during the detection of a milling surface. Due to factors such as vibration, tool wear, or material microscopic unevenness during processing, the roughness values at different positions on the milling surface may fluctuate. Measuring only once may have accidental nature and cannot represent the average quality of the entire surface. Therefore, the preset number of times is usually set to three or five times.

[0094] Taking the simultaneous machining of the radial milling surface 21 and the axial milling surface 22 on the material 104 to be tested by one milling as an example, control the roughness detection device to detect the roughness of the radial milling surface 21 and the axial milling surface 22 according to the preset number of times, and take the average value of the multiple radial milling surface roughness detection values and the multiple axial milling surface roughness detection values as the actual roughness.

[0095] Regarding step S4, evaluate the cutting performance of the material 104 to be tested according to the actual milling force, the actual roughness, and the preset index, including steps S41-S44.

[0096] Step S41, determine the milling force weighting coefficient and the roughness weighting coefficient according to the workpiece purpose of the material 104 to be tested;

[0097] Step S42, obtain the milling force evaluation index according to the ratio between the actual milling force and the preset milling force in the preset index;

[0098] Step S43, obtaining a roughness evaluation index according to a ratio between the actual roughness and the preset roughness in the preset index;

[0099] Step S44, evaluating the cutting performance of the material to be tested 104 according to the milling force evaluation index, the roughness evaluation index, the roughness weighting coefficient and the milling force weighting coefficient.

[0100] As to steps S41-S44, the workpiece use of the material to be tested 104 is the starting point and target of the evaluation, and determines the focus of the evaluation. The requirements for the machining quality and machining efficiency of workpieces with different uses are completely different.

[0101] For example, for the application scenario of low-carbon steel, it is often used as a daily hardware, and a preparation material for electroplated bright, so the tool life and the material smoothness after machining are more important; for the application scenario of medium-carbon steel, it is often used as a preparation material for complex structure valve, so the tool life and the material smoothness after machining are both elements concerned in the product use process; for the application scenario of high-carbon steel, it is often used as a preparation material for shafts, pointers and the like of precision instruments and meters, so the surface roughness of the material after machining is a prerequisite for the precision of the instruments and meters, and thus the roughness is an element concerned in the product use process.

[0102] It should be noted that the tool here refers to the tool in the subsequent machining process, not the milling cutter 105 in the embodiments of the present application, and the tool life refers to the service life of the tool. The milling resistance of the material to be tested 104 in the subsequent machining process to the tool and the milling force exerted by the tool on the tool are a pair of action and reaction forces. The greater the milling resistance, the shorter the tool life, so the actual milling force obtained by the embodiments of the present application can reflect the length of the tool life in the subsequent machining process.

[0103] The weighting coefficient is a numerical value used to represent the degree of importance. It is used to assign different influences to different indexes in comprehensive evaluation. The milling force weighting coefficient represents the importance of the milling force index in evaluating the cutting performance of the material to be tested 104, and the roughness weighting coefficient represents the importance of the roughness index in evaluating the cutting performance of the material to be tested 104.

[0104] Generally, the sum of the milling force weighting coefficient and the roughness weighting coefficient is 1. For example, if more attention is paid to the surface quality, the roughness weighting coefficient can be set to 0.7 and the milling force weighting coefficient can be set to 0.3; if more attention is paid to the cutting efficiency, the roughness weighting coefficient can be set to 0.7 and the milling force weighting coefficient can be set to 0.3; if both are equally important, the roughness weighting coefficient can be set to 0.5 and the milling force weighting coefficient can be set to 0.5.

[0105] The preset index is an index measured when milling a standard material under the same cutting parameters and clamping conditions, including a preset milling force F0 and a preset roughness R0.

[0106] Further, the preset index can be obtained by the following steps: under the condition that the test state is met between the fixed device 103 and the standard material, controlling the milling cutter to mill the standard material according to the preset milling parameters in the direction perpendicular to the feed direction of the standard material, so as to form a standard milling surface on the standard material; controlling the force measuring device 102 to monitor the milling force applied by the milling cutter to the standard material during the milling process as the preset milling force; controlling the roughness detection device to detect the roughness of the standard milling surface as the preset roughness; and the preset index includes the preset milling force and the preset roughness.

[0107] The cutting performance of the material to be tested 104 is relative to the standard material. If the actual milling force of the material to be tested 104 is smaller than F0, it means that it is easier to cut than the standard material; if the actual roughness of the material to be tested 104 is smaller than R0, it means that it can obtain better surface quality than the standard material.

[0108] For example, the standard material can be 45 steel (Chinese brand, equivalent to AISI 1045 steel in the United States). 45 steel is the most commonly used and most widely known medium carbon quenched and tempered steel, and its chemical composition, mechanical properties and cutting machinability have been widely studied. Almost all tool manufacturers, machining manuals and researchers have a deep understanding of its cutting characteristics and a large amount of data accumulation, so that the test results of different units and different periods are comparable. The hardness, strength and toughness of 45 steel are at an intermediate level, neither as soft and sticky as aluminum alloy nor as hard and tough as high-temperature alloy. Taking its performance as a reference point, it can be well measured whether the material to be tested 104 is easier to process (better than 45 steel) or more difficult to process (worse than 45 steel). Using 45 steel as a standard material is to quantify the cutting performance of the material to be tested 104 in a widely recognized, stable and reliable reference system, so that the evaluation results are objective, comparable and practically instructive. Of course, for a specific industry (such as aerospace or automobile), the most commonly used material in that industry can also be selected as the standard material.

[0109] Regarding step S44, according to the roughness weighting coefficient, the roughness weighting coefficient, the milling force evaluation index and the roughness evaluation index, the cutting performance of the material to be tested 104 is evaluated.

[0110] Specifically, the cutting performance of the material under test 104 is evaluated by using a comprehensive cutting performance index K = xKr+ (1-x) Ka, where x is a milling force weighting coefficient, (1-x) represents a roughness weighting coefficient, Kr is a milling force evaluation index, and Ka is a roughness evaluation index. The larger the value of K, the better the cutting performance of the material under test 104.

[0111] For example, three experiments are provided below to detail the material cutting performance evaluation method provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0112] Experiment One

[0113]

[0114] From the cutting performance design of the product, the 1# sample 12L14 is a common low-carbon easy-to-cut steel containing S and Pb; in the 2# sample, Te element is added to the general 12L14 steel, and the cutting performance should be improved; in the 3# sample, not only Te is added, but also the content of Pb is increased from the general 12L14 level of 0.28% to the level of 0.32%, and the cutting performance should be higher.

[0115] For the application scenario of low-carbon steel, it is commonly used as a daily hardware, and a preparation material for electroplated bright, so the tool life and the material smoothness after processing are more important, so the Kr coefficient is valued at 0.7. From the milling test results, the cutting performance index K of the three steel grades is also increasing in turn, the larger the K value, the better the cutting performance, which is consistent with the product design, and the K value is significantly different.

[0116] Experiment Two

[0117]

[0118] From the cutting performance design of the product, the 1# sample 1144+Te is a common medium-carbon easy-to-cut steel 1144, and Te element is added, and the cutting performance should be better than 2#.

[0119] For the application scenario of medium-carbon steel, it is commonly used as a preparation material for complex structure valve, and the tool life and the material smoothness after processing are both important factors in the use of the product, so the Kr coefficient is valued at 0.5. From the milling test results, the cutting performance index K of the 1# steel grade is greater than that of the 2# sample, indicating that the cutting performance is better, which is consistent with the product design, and the K value is significantly different.

[0120] Experiment Three

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] From the cutting performance design of the product, the 1# sample Y100Pb is a high-carbon Pb-containing free-cutting steel, and the 2# Y100S is a high-carbon S-containing free-cutting steel. The Pb element contributes more to the cutting performance, and the 1# cutting performance should be better than the 2#.

[0124] For the application scenario of high-carbon steel, it is often used as a preparation material for shafts, pointers, etc. of precision instruments and meters. The surface roughness of the material after processing is the premise of the accuracy of the instruments and meters. Therefore, the roughness is an element that needs to be concerned during the use of the product. Therefore, the Kr coefficient is assigned a value of 0.3. From the milling test results, the cutting performance index K of the 1# steel is greater than that of the 2# sample, indicating that the cutting performance is better, which is consistent with the product design, and the K value is significantly different.

[0125] In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a material cutting performance evaluation method, which comprises: under the condition that the test state is met between the fixed device and the material to be tested, controlling the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material to be tested along the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested according to the preset milling parameters, so as to form a milling surface on the material to be tested; controlling the force measuring device to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material to be tested during the milling process; controlling the roughness detection device to detect the milling surface to obtain the actual roughness; and evaluating the cutting performance of the material to be tested according to the actual milling force, the actual roughness and the preset index.

[0126] It can be seen that the embodiment of the present application integrates milling processing, real-time force measurement and surface roughness detection, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation system with multiple indexes, which can simultaneously quantitatively collect and analyze the cutting force and the machining surface quality, so as to comprehensively and objectively reflect the cutting machining performance of the material. Compared with the traditional evaluation method which depends on subjective experience or individual parameters, the present application adopts a standardized clamping scheme, preset milling parameters and a stable detection process, realizes the synchronous online measurement of the cutting force and the surface roughness of the sample to be tested, greatly improves the reliability and integrity of the test results, and has good repeatability and comparability, significantly reduces the interference of human factors, and is suitable for rapid performance comparison and screening of different batches and different component steels.

[0127] In addition, by introducing the relative evaluation index based on the standard material and the adjustable weight coefficient, the present method can flexibly adapt to the specific needs of different workpiece uses, and can be used for performance optimization in the material development stage, and can also provide quantitative basis for end users to select materials, which has important engineering application value and popularization prospect.

[0128] Further, the embodiment of the present application can effectively solve the problem of difficulty in implementation on the slender round bar material with a diameter less than 20 mm by adopting the processing and detection scheme of the vertical milling machine matched with the special fixture and the force platform. The traditional turning process is prone to cause workpiece deflection, vibration and unstable clamping when facing small-diameter bar materials, resulting in inaccurate measurement of cutting force and even unable to normal processing, while the present application significantly improves the clamping rigidity and stability by vertically clamping the round bar through the V-shaped block or the flat tongs with V-shaped groove, and eliminates the deformation and vibration problems caused by the too large length-diameter ratio in turning. At the same time, the milling processing mode allows the tool to feed in the radial and axial directions respectively, and stable cutting can be realized in the small size area by controlling the side and back engagement amounts, avoiding tool interference and processing failure caused by too small material size, so as to realize the acquisition of high-quality milling surface, reliable cutting force data and repeatable roughness measurement results on the small-diameter round bar, and break through the application limitations of turning and drilling on such materials.

[0129] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a material cutting performance evaluation device as shown in Figure 6 The device comprises:

[0130] A milling control module 61 is configured to control the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the measured material according to the preset milling parameters in the vertical direction of the measured material to form a milling surface on the measured material, under the condition that the test state is met between the fixed equipment and the measured material.

[0131] A milling force monitoring module 62 is configured to control the force measuring equipment to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the measured material during the milling process.

[0132] A roughness detection module 63 is configured to control the roughness detection equipment to detect the milling surface to obtain the actual roughness.

[0133] A performance evaluation module 64 is configured to evaluate the cutting performance of the measured material according to the actual milling force, the actual roughness and the preset index.

[0134] Further, the device further comprises a preset milling parameter determination module configured to:

[0135] Obtain the material size parameters of the measured material and the milling cutter size parameters of the milling cutter.

[0136] Determine the preset milling parameters according to the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters.

[0137] Further, the device further comprises a back engagement amount, side engagement amount and feed per tooth determination module configured to:

[0138] Determine the back engagement amount according to the material length in the material size parameters.

[0139] The side cutting depth and the feed per tooth are determined according to the milling cutter diameter in the milling cutter size parameters; the preset milling parameters include the radial cutting depth, the side cutting depth and the feed per tooth.

[0140] Further, the device further comprises a radial and axial milling module for:

[0141] controlling the milling cutter to mill the material to be tested according to the preset milling parameters along the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested, so as to form at least a radial milling surface and an axial milling surface on the material to be tested;

[0142] The width of the radial milling surface matches the side cutting depth in the preset milling parameters, and the depth of the axial milling surface matches the radial cutting depth in the preset milling parameters; the milling surface includes the radial milling surface and the axial milling surface.

[0143] Further, the roughness detection module 63 is further used for:

[0144] controlling the roughness detection device to detect the milling surface according to the preset number of times, and obtaining a milling surface roughness detection value in each detection process;

[0145] taking the average value of the plurality of milling surface roughness detection values as the actual roughness.

[0146] Further, the device further comprises a weighted evaluation module for:

[0147] determining a milling force weighting coefficient and a roughness weighting coefficient according to the workpiece use of the material to be tested;

[0148] obtaining a milling force evaluation index according to the ratio between the actual milling force and the preset milling force in the preset index;

[0149] obtaining a roughness evaluation index according to the ratio between the actual roughness and the preset roughness in the preset index;

[0150] evaluating the cutting performance of the material to be tested according to the roughness weighting coefficient, the roughness weighting coefficient, the milling force evaluation index and the roughness evaluation index.

[0151] Further, the device further comprises a preset index determination module for:

[0152] controlling the milling cutter to mill the standard material according to the preset milling parameters along the feed direction perpendicular to the standard material to form a standard milling surface on the standard material, under the condition that the test state is met between the fixed device and the standard material;

[0153] controlling the force measuring device to monitor the milling force applied by the milling cutter to the standard material in the milling process as the preset milling force;

[0154] The control roughness detection device detects the roughness of the standard milled surface as a preset roughness; the preset indexes include preset milling force and preset roughness.

[0155] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present application also provide an electronic device as shown in Figure 7 The electronic device comprises:

[0156] a processor 71;

[0157] a memory 72 for storing instructions executable by the processor 71;

[0158] The processor 71 is configured to perform to implement the material cutting performance evaluation method provided in the foregoing.

[0159] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present application also provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, when instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor 71 of the electronic device, the electronic device can perform to implement the material cutting performance evaluation method provided in the foregoing.

[0160] Since the electronic device introduced in the embodiments of the present application is the electronic device used to implement the method of information processing in the embodiments of the present application, based on the method of information processing introduced in the embodiments of the present application, those skilled in the art can understand the specific implementation of the electronic device of the embodiments of the present application and its various forms, so here the electronic device how to implement the method in the embodiments of the present application is not introduced in detail. As long as the electronic device used to implement the method of information processing in the embodiments of the present application is implemented by those skilled in the art, it belongs to the scope of the present application.

[0161] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can take the form of entirely hardware embodiments, entirely software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROMs, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0162] The present application is described in reference to the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 one or more functions specified in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 one or more functions specified in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams.

[0163] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer- readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the functions specified in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 one or more functions specified in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 one or more functions specified in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams.

[0164] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 one or more functions specified in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 one or more functions specified in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams.

[0165] While the preferred embodiments of the application have been described, additional variations and modifications can be made to the embodiments by those of skill in the art once they have the benefit of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Accordingly, the attached claims are intended to cover all such variations and modifications as falling within the scope of the application.

[0166] Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present application are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, the application can be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the machinability of materials, characterized in that, A force measuring device is provided on the working surface of the milling machine, and a fixing device is provided on the upper surface of the force measuring device. The method includes: When the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the material to be tested, the milling cutter of the milling machine is controlled to mill the material to be tested along the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested according to the preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material to be tested; The force measuring device is controlled to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material under test during the milling process; The roughness of the milled surface is obtained by controlling a roughness testing device. The cutting performance of the material under test is evaluated based on the actual milling force, the actual surface roughness, and preset indicators.

2. The material machinability evaluation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset milling parameters are obtained through the following steps: Obtain the material dimension parameters of the material to be tested and the milling cutter dimension parameters of the milling cutter; The preset milling parameters are determined based on the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters.

3. The material machinability evaluation method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Determining the preset milling parameters based on the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters includes: The depth of cut is determined based on the material length in the material dimension parameters. The depth of cut and feed per tooth are determined based on the milling cutter diameter in the milling cutter size parameters; the preset milling parameters include the back depth of cut, the side depth of cut, and the feed per tooth.

4. The material machinability evaluation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of controlling the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material under test along a feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to preset milling parameters, so as to form a milled surface on the material under test, includes: The milling cutter is controlled to mill the material under test along a feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to preset milling parameters, so that at least a radial milling surface and an axial milling surface are formed on the material under test; The width of the radial milling surface is matched with the side depth of cut in the preset milling parameters, and the depth of the axial milling surface is matched with the back depth of cut in the preset milling parameters; the milling surface includes the radial milling surface and the axial milling surface.

5. The material machinability evaluation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controlled roughness detection equipment detects the milled surface to obtain the actual roughness, including: The roughness detection device is controlled to detect the milled surface a preset number of times, and a milled surface roughness detection value is obtained in each detection process; The average value of the roughness detection values ​​of the multiple milled surfaces is taken as the actual roughness.

6. The material machinability evaluation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The evaluation of the cutting performance of the material under test based on the actual milling force, the actual surface roughness, and preset indicators includes: The milling force weighting factor and the surface roughness weighting factor are determined according to the intended use of the material to be tested. The milling force evaluation index is obtained based on the ratio between the actual milling force and the preset milling force in the preset index. The roughness evaluation index is obtained based on the ratio between the actual roughness and the preset roughness in the preset index; The cutting performance of the material under test is evaluated based on the roughness weighting coefficient, the milling force evaluation index, and the roughness evaluation index.

7. The material machinability evaluation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset index is obtained through the following steps: When the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the standard material, the milling cutter is controlled to mill the standard material along the feed direction perpendicular to the standard material according to the preset milling parameters, so that a standard milling surface is formed on the standard material; The force measuring device is controlled to monitor the milling force applied by the milling cutter to the standard material during the milling process as a preset milling force; The roughness detection device is controlled to detect the roughness of the standard milled surface as a preset roughness; The preset parameters include the preset milling force and the preset surface roughness.

8. A material machinability evaluation device, characterized in that, A force measuring device is provided on the working surface of the milling machine, and a fixing device is provided on the upper surface of the force measuring device. The device includes: The milling control module is used to control the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material under test along the feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material under test, when the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the material under test. A milling force monitoring module is used to control the force measuring device to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material under test during the milling process; The roughness detection module is used to control the roughness detection equipment to detect the milled surface and obtain the actual roughness; The performance evaluation module is used to evaluate the cutting performance of the material under test based on the actual milling force, the actual roughness, and preset indicators.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions; The processor is configured to execute a material cutting performance evaluation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, When the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor of the electronic device, the electronic device is able to perform a material cutting performance evaluation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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