Saw-shaking dust cleaning type air preheater

Abstract

The application provides a saw-shaking dust-cleaning air preheater and relates to the technical field of air preheaters.The air preheater comprises an air preheater body and a dust-cleaning mechanism.The dust-cleaning mechanism comprises two cross beams, a plurality of sawtooth plates, a fixing frame, a vibrating mechanism and a moving mechanism.A I-shaped steel guide rail is arranged at the top of the air preheater body.The plurality of sawtooth plates are slidingly installed between the two cross beams.A same connecting column is inserted into the plurality of sawtooth plates.The vibrating mechanism comprises a linear vibration motor, a connecting frame and a U-shaped frame.In the application, a speed and resistance double feedback mechanism is used to realize closed-loop control, and the self-adaptive ability of the system to complex working conditions is significantly enhanced.When the rotating speed of the roller increases, the first pressure sensor can realize real-time sensing of the centrifugal force change and linkage adjustment of the frequency of the linear vibration motor, so that the sawtooth plates can maintain efficient dust cleaning in high-speed movement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air preheater technology, and more particularly to a saw-vibration cleaning type air preheater. Background Technology

[0002] As the core heat exchange equipment in a boiler system, the air preheater is prone to accumulating ash and scale in the gaps between its heat exchange tubes during long-term operation, leading to decreased heat exchange efficiency and increased flue resistance. Traditional cleaning methods, such as mechanical scrapers, are prone to jamming or breakage due to sudden changes in resistance, while sonic cleaning suffers from insufficient cleaning of dead areas and high energy consumption. Although existing vibration cleaning devices can improve the cleaning range, their vibration parameters and movement speed are often controlled by fixed values ​​or open loops, failing to adapt to differences in dust distribution: low-speed movement results in low cleaning efficiency, while high-speed movement leads to insufficient vibration intensity and ash residue, and sudden increases in resistance can easily cause overload damage to transmission components. This lack of a control strategy under dynamic operating conditions severely restricts the continuous operation efficiency and reliability of the air preheater.

[0003] Therefore, we proposed a saw-vibration cleaning air preheater to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a saw-vibration cleaning air preheater. Through a centrifugal sliding mechanism combined with a screw drive mechanism, it achieves dynamic load sensing and dual-motor closed-loop adaptive control functions, solving the problems of cleaning blind spots, mechanism jamming, and energy consumption runaway caused by the lag in response to speed and resistance changes in traditional cleaning devices.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A saw-vibration cleaning air preheater includes: an air preheater body and a cleaning mechanism. The cleaning mechanism includes: two crossbeams, multiple sawtooth plates, a fixed frame, a vibration mechanism, and a moving mechanism. The top of the air preheater body is provided with an I-beam guide rail. Multiple sawtooth plates are slidably installed between the two crossbeams, and the same connecting column is inserted into the multiple sawtooth plates. The vibration mechanism includes: a linear vibration motor, a connecting frame, and a U-shaped frame. The connecting frame is sleeved on the outside of the connecting column.

[0007] The moving mechanism includes: rollers, brackets, rotating shafts and driven gears. A driving mechanism is provided on the top of the moving mechanism, and a monitoring mechanism is provided on the top of the driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes: a drive motor, a rotating frame, a spiral column, a drive shaft, a first sliding ring and a second sliding ring.

[0008] Preferably, a mounting plate is fixedly installed on one side of the drive motor, the mounting plate is fixedly installed between two crossbeams, the rotating frame is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the drive motor, the first sliding ring and the second sliding ring are both slidably sleeved on the outside of the rotating frame, a plurality of arc-shaped connecting rods are hinged inside the first sliding ring, a sliding frame is hinged at the other end of the arc-shaped connecting rod, a plurality of slide rails are fixedly installed inside the rotating frame, and the sliding frame is slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding slide rail;

[0009] The spiral column is fixedly installed at one end of the drive shaft, and a positioning plate is fixedly installed between the two crossbeams. The drive shaft is rotatably installed inside the positioning plate. A drive gear is fixedly installed at the other end of the drive shaft. The drive gear meshes with the driven gear. Multiple spiral strips are integrally formed on the outer side of the spiral column, and multiple spiral grooves adapted to the spiral strips are opened on the inner side of the second sliding ring.

[0010] Preferably, the monitoring mechanism includes: a fixed frame, a first sliding frame, a second sliding frame, a first pressure sensor, and two second pressure sensors. The fixed frame is fixedly installed on one side of the mounting plate. The first and second sliding frames are slidably installed on the outside of the fixed frame. Two first abutting wheels are rotatably installed inside the first sliding frame, and the two first abutting wheels abut against both sides of the first sliding ring. Two second abutting wheels are rotatably installed inside the second sliding frame, and the two second abutting wheels abut against both sides of the second sliding ring. The first pressure sensor and the two second pressure sensors are fixedly installed inside the fixed frame. The other end of the first pressure sensor is movably abutting against the first sliding frame. The other end of the second pressure sensor is fixedly installed with a damper and a connecting spring. The other ends of the connecting spring and the damper located on the same side are fixedly installed with the same abutting plate. The two abutting plates abut against both sides of the second sliding frame.

[0011] Preferably, a base plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the U-shaped frame by bolts, the U-shaped frame and the base plate abut against the upper and lower sides of the crossbeam respectively, a third pressure sensor is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting frame, the linear vibration motor is fixedly installed at the top of the U-shaped frame, and the output end of the linear vibration motor is fixedly installed at the top of the third pressure sensor.

[0012] Preferably, the bracket is fixedly installed between two crossbeams, the rotating shaft is rotatably installed inside the bracket, the driven gear and the roller are both fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft, the roller is rotatably installed on the top of the corresponding I-beam guide rail, the fixed frame is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the two crossbeams, and the I-beam guide rail, the fixed frame, the vibration mechanism and the moving mechanism are all configured in multiple sets.

[0013] Preferably, the dust removal mechanism is configured as several groups, with a connecting beam fixedly installed between two adjacent fixed frames, and a controller is provided on the top of one of the connecting beams.

[0014] Preferably, the air preheater body includes: two side plates, a partition, and a plurality of heat exchange tubes, wherein the heat exchange tubes are fixedly installed between the two side plates and pass through the partition.

[0015] Preferably, a limiting plate is fixedly installed on the inner side of the crossbeam, and multiple serrations are provided on one side of the serrated plate. Limiting grooves are opened on the top of both sides of the serrated plate. The limiting plate is slidably installed in the limiting grooves. An elongated hole is opened on the front side of the fixed frame, and the connecting column passes through the elongated hole.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] (1) This invention achieves closed-loop control through a dual feedback mechanism of speed and resistance, which significantly enhances the system’s adaptability to complex working conditions. When the roller’s rotation speed increases, the first pressure sensor senses the change in centrifugal force in real time and adjusts the frequency of the linear vibration motor in conjunction with the speed, ensuring that the sawtooth plate maintains efficient dust removal during high-speed movement. When the dust resistance suddenly increases, the second pressure sensor detects the resistance signal and simultaneously reduces the speed of the drive motor and increases the vibration frequency, which not only avoids the mechanism from jamming and damage, but also strengthens the cleaning depth of the heavily dusty parts. This dynamic adjustment strategy greatly reduces the risk of mechanical overload while ensuring thorough dust removal, and is especially suitable for heat exchange environments with uneven dust distribution, extending the continuous operation cycle of the air preheater.

[0018] (2) The present invention uses a linear vibration motor to drive the sawtooth plate to vibrate at high frequency vertically, and combined with the horizontal movement driven by the roller to form a composite dust removal trajectory; the linear vibration frequency is adaptively increased with the speed of the roller, so that the sawtooth can still penetrate into the gap of the heat exchange tube to peel off the plated ash and dirt during high-speed translation; the resistance triggering mechanism further adjusts the vibration speed to ensure that the thick ash layer is efficiently broken and removed; this intelligent coupling of horizontal and vertical motion solves the problem of cleaning blind spots caused by single-degree-of-freedom motion in traditional dust removal devices, and is especially suitable for high-density tube bundle structures, with simultaneous improvement in cleaning coverage and ash and dirt removal rate;

[0019] (3) This invention converts the roller rotation speed into the horizontal displacement of the first sliding ring through a centrifugal mechanical structure, and provides speed information with pressure signal feedback without delay; at the same time, it uses a helical pair mechanism to convert the sawtooth resistance into the axial movement of the second sliding ring, accurately quantifying the dust load; two sets of pressure sensors directly capture mechanical displacement signals, eliminating the need for external speed measuring instruments or force sensors, which simplifies the structure and avoids electrical interference; the controller adjusts the parameters of the two motors in real time according to the physical signals, ensuring that the rotation speed and vibration frequency always match the actual dust removal requirements, forming a highly robust fully mechanical closed-loop control link;

[0020] (4) The resistance response mechanism actively reduces speed and load when abnormal load is detected to prevent deformation of the sawtooth plate or fatigue fracture of the transmission mechanism; the vibration intensity distribution strategy avoids energy consumption of linear motor in the absence of vibration and reduces equipment wear; at the same time, the pressure sensor’s predictive response to overload replaces traditional manual inspection and emergency fault repair, greatly reducing the frequency of downtime; the whole machine adopts modular guide rail mounting and grouped ash cleaning unit, and local damage can be quickly replaced, significantly reducing maintenance costs; this design is especially suitable for high ash fuel conditions and maintains long-term stable operation in harsh environments.

[0021] In summary, this invention has the dual advantages of achieving performance optimization and mechanism protection through dynamic closed-loop adaptive control. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the side cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the dust removal mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the dust removal mechanism proposed in this invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the vibration mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the dust removal mechanism proposed in this invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a top sectional view of the dust removal mechanism proposed in this invention.

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of part A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a side cross-sectional view of the dust removal mechanism proposed in this invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the driving mechanism and monitoring mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the monitoring mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0033] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the driving mechanism and monitoring mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A magnified view of part B in the middle section;

[0035] Figure 14 for Figure 12 A magnified view of part C in the middle;

[0036] Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the driving mechanism and the moving mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0037] Figure 16 This is an exploded three-dimensional structural diagram of the crossbeam and serrated plate proposed in this invention.

[0038] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of this application are as follows: 1. Air preheater body; 101. Side plate; 102. Partition plate; 103. Heat exchange tube; 2. Crossbeam; 201. Limiting plate; 202. Positioning plate; 3. Serrated plate; 301. Limiting groove; 4. Vibration mechanism; 401. U-shaped frame; 402. Base plate; 403. Bolt; 404. Linear vibration motor; 405. Third pressure sensor; 406. Connecting frame; 5. Fixing frame; 6. Moving mechanism; 601. Roller; 602. Rotating shaft; 603. Bracket; 604. Driven gear; 7. Drive mechanism; 701. Drive shaft; 702. Spiral column; 7021. Spiral 703. Drive motor; 704. Mounting plate; 705. Rotating frame; 706. Second sliding ring; 707. First sliding ring; 708. Arc-shaped connecting rod; 709. Sliding frame; 710. Sliding rail; 711. Drive gear; 8. Monitoring mechanism; 801. Fixed frame; 802. First sliding frame; 803. First abutting wheel; 804. First pressure sensor; 805. Second sliding frame; 806. Second abutting wheel; 807. Abutting plate; 808. Connecting spring; 809. Damper; 810. Second pressure sensor; 9. Connecting column; 10. Connecting beam; 11. Controller; 12. I-beam guide rail. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0041] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0042] Example 1: As Figure 1-16 As shown, this embodiment provides a saw-vibration cleaning air preheater, including: an air preheater body 1 and a cleaning mechanism. The cleaning mechanism includes: two crossbeams 2, multiple sawtooth plates 3, a fixed frame 5, and a vibration mechanism 4. An I-beam guide rail 12 is provided on the top of the air preheater body 1. Multiple sawtooth plates 3 are slidably installed between the two crossbeams 2. The same connecting column 9 is inserted into the multiple sawtooth plates 3. The vibration mechanism 4 includes: a linear vibration motor 404, a connecting frame 406, and a U-shaped frame 401. The connecting frame 406 is sleeved on the outside of the connecting column 9.

[0043] In this embodiment, a base plate 402 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the U-shaped frame 401 by bolts 403. The U-shaped frame 401 and the base plate 402 abut against the upper and lower sides of the crossbeam 2 respectively. A third pressure sensor 405 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting frame 406. A linear vibration motor 404 is fixedly installed at the top of the U-shaped frame 401. The output end of the linear vibration motor 404 is fixedly installed at the top of the third pressure sensor 405. The connecting frame 406 can be driven to vibrate up and down by starting the linear vibration motor 404, which in turn drives multiple sawtooth plates 3 to move up and down through the connecting column 9.

[0044] In this embodiment, the I-beam guide rail 12, the fixed frame 5, and the vibration mechanism 4 are all configured in multiple sets.

[0045] In this embodiment, the dust removal mechanism is set into several groups, and a connecting beam 10 is fixedly installed between two adjacent fixed frames 5. A controller 11 is provided on the top of one of the connecting beams 10.

[0046] In this embodiment, as Figure 1-2As shown, the air preheater body 1 includes: two side plates 101, a partition 102 and multiple heat exchange tubes 103. The heat exchange tubes 103 are fixedly installed between the two side plates 101 and pass through the partition 102. The multiple heat exchange tubes 103 are evenly arranged at equal intervals.

[0047] In this embodiment, a limiting plate 201 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the crossbeam 2. A plurality of serrations are provided on one side of the serrated plate 3. Limiting grooves 301 are opened on the top of both sides of the serrated plate 3. The limiting plate 201 is slidably installed in the limiting grooves 301 to guide the serrated plate 3. An elongated hole is opened on the front side of the fixed frame 5, and the connecting column 9 passes through the elongated hole to facilitate the movement of the connecting column 9.

[0048] Example 2: Figure 10-15 As shown, components that are the same as or corresponding to those in Embodiment 1 are referred to by the same reference numerals as those in Embodiment 1. For simplicity, only the differences from Embodiment 1 will be described below. The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that the dust removal mechanism further includes a moving mechanism 6. The moving mechanism 6 includes: a roller 601, a bracket 603, a rotating shaft 602, and a driven gear 604. A driving mechanism 7 is provided on the top of the moving mechanism 6, and a monitoring mechanism 8 is provided on the top of the driving mechanism 7. The driving mechanism 7 includes: a drive motor 703, a rotating frame 705, a spiral column 702, a drive shaft 701, a first sliding ring 707, and a second sliding ring 706.

[0049] In this embodiment, a mounting plate 704 is fixedly installed on one side of the drive motor 703. The mounting plate 704 is fixedly installed between two crossbeams 2. The rotating frame 705 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the drive motor 703. The first sliding ring 707 and the second sliding ring 706 are both slidably sleeved on the outside of the rotating frame 705. Multiple arc-shaped connecting rods 708 are hinged inside the first sliding ring 707. The other end of the arc-shaped connecting rod 708 is hinged to a sliding frame 709. Multiple slide rails 710 are fixedly installed inside the rotating frame 705. The sliding frame 709 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding slide rail 710.

[0050] The spiral column 702 is fixedly installed at one end of the drive shaft 701. A positioning plate 202 is fixedly installed between the two crossbeams 2. The drive shaft 701 is rotatably installed in the positioning plate 202. The other end of the drive shaft 701 is fixedly installed with a drive gear 711. The drive gear 711 meshes with the driven gear 604. Multiple spiral strips 7021 are integrally formed on the outer side of the spiral column 702. Multiple spiral grooves that are adapted to the spiral strips 7021 are opened on the inner side of the second sliding ring 706.

[0051] In this embodiment, as Figure 11 , 13As shown, the monitoring mechanism 8 includes: a fixed frame 801, a first sliding frame 802, a second sliding frame 805, a first pressure sensor 804, and two second pressure sensors 810. The fixed frame 801 is fixedly installed on one side of the mounting plate 704. The first sliding frame 802 and the second sliding frame 805 are both slidably installed on the outside of the fixed frame 801. Two first abutting wheels 803 are rotatably installed inside the first sliding frame 802, and the two first abutting wheels 803 abut against both sides of the first sliding ring 707 respectively. Two second abutting wheels 810 are rotatably installed inside the second sliding frame 805. 06. Two second abutting wheels 806 abut against both sides of the second sliding ring 706 respectively. The first pressure sensor 804 and two second pressure sensors 810 are fixedly installed in the fixed frame 801. The other end of the first pressure sensor 804 is movably abutting against the first sliding frame 802. The other end of the second pressure sensor 810 is fixedly installed with a damper 809 and a connecting spring 808. The other ends of the connecting spring 808 and the damper 809 located on the same side are fixedly installed with the same abutting plate 807. The two abutting plates 807 abut against both sides of the second sliding frame 805 respectively.

[0052] The bracket 603 is fixedly installed between the two crossbeams 2. The rotating shaft 602 is rotatably installed inside the bracket 603. The driven gear 604 and the roller 601 are both fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 602. The roller 601 is rolledly installed on the top of the corresponding I-beam guide rail 12. The fixed frame 5 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the two crossbeams 2. The moving mechanism 6 is set in multiple sets.

[0053] Work steps:

[0054] Step 1: Place the I-beam guide rail 12 on top of the air preheater body 1, and then place the ash removal mechanism on the I-beam guide rail 12.

[0055] Step 2: Start the drive motor 703 to drive the rotating frame 705 to rotate, and drive the second sliding ring 706 to rotate synchronously. The second sliding ring 706 drives the spiral column 702, drive shaft 701 and drive gear 711 to rotate through cooperation with the spiral strip 7021, and drives the rotating shaft 602 and roller 601 to rotate through meshing with the driven gear 604, so that the roller 601 rolls on the top of the I-beam guide rail 12, controls the movement of multiple sawtooth plates 3, and realizes the scraping of dust in the gap of heat exchange tube 103;

[0056] Step 3: Start the linear vibration motor 404 to drive the connecting frame 406 to vibrate up and down. The connecting frame 406 drives multiple connecting columns 9 to vibrate up and down, and drives the sawtooth plate 3 to vibrate up and down, thereby improving the dust cleaning effect through multiple sawtooths.

[0057] Step four: When the rotating frame 705 rotates, it drives the first sliding ring 707 and multiple sliding frames 709 to rotate. The sliding frames 709 are thrown outward under the action of centrifugal force, and the first sliding ring 707 moves away from the drive motor 703 through the arc-shaped connecting rod 708. It pushes the first sliding frame 802 to squeeze the first pressure sensor 804 through the contact with the first abutting wheel 803. The greater the rotation speed of the rotating frame 705, the greater the horizontal movement distance of the first sliding frame 709 ring, and thus the greater the squeezing force on the first pressure sensor 804. The first pressure sensor 804 monitors the pressure change, thereby determining the rotation speed of the roller 601. The controller 11 adjusts the vibration frequency of the linear vibration motor 404 according to the rotation speed of the roller 601. When the rotation speed increases, the vibration frequency of the vibration motor increases.

[0058] Step 5: When the sawtooth plate 3 encounters resistance from dust during its movement, this resistance is converted into rotational resistance of the spiral column 702, causing relative rotation between the spiral column 702 and the rotating frame 705. This, in turn, drives the second sliding ring 706 to move horizontally through the cooperation of the spiral strip 7021 and the second sliding ring 706. By pressing against the corresponding abutment wheel, the connecting spring 808 is compressed, and pressure is applied to the second pressure sensor 810. The second pressure sensor 810 monitors the resistance experienced by the sawtooth plate 3. When the resistance increases, the controller 11 controls the drive motor 703 to reduce its speed and controls the linear vibration motor 404 to increase its frequency, ensuring thorough cleaning of areas with more dust.

[0059] In this embodiment, the control function relationship between the frequency (denoted as f, unit: Hz) of the linear vibration motor 404 and the speed (denoted as n, unit: rad / s) of the drive motor 703 can be mathematically formalized. The control logic of the controller 11 is based on two key feedback mechanisms:

[0060] First pressure sensor 804 (p1): Monitors the rotational speed of roller 601 (proportional to n) and converts the speed into a pressure signal through centrifugal force mechanism. The measured value p1 reflects the current rotational speed (denoted as v), where v ∝ p1. Controller 11 adjusts f according to v: when the rotational speed increases, the vibration frequency increases.

[0061] The second pressure sensor 810 (p2) monitors the dust resistance (denoted as r) experienced by the sawtooth plate 3, where the resistance is proportional to the pressure signal (r∝p2). The controller 11 adjusts n and f according to r: when the resistance increases, n decreases and f increases.

[0062] The control objective is to achieve closed-loop regulation to ensure optimized dust removal performance under different operating conditions (such as changes in dust accumulation): increase vibration at high speeds or when there is a lot of dust, and reduce speed when resistance is high to avoid damage to the mechanism and ensure thorough cleaning.

[0063] 1. Speed ​​Feedback (Step 4): When the rotational speed v increases, f should increase to match the motion state. Assume f is proportional to v: f∝v.

[0064] 2. Resistance Feedback (Step 5): When the resistance r increases, n should decrease to reduce mechanical stress, and f should increase to enhance the dust removal effect. Therefore:

[0065] n and r are negatively correlated: n∝-r.

[0066] f is positively correlated with r: f∝r.

[0067] In summary, the frequency f of the linear vibration motor 404 depends on the rotational speed v and the resistance r, while the speed n of the drive motor 703 mainly depends on the resistance r. Using a linear model (proportional control), the setpoint function is:

[0068] f=K v v+K r r+K f

[0069] n=K n -K d r

[0070] in:

[0071] v is the measured value of the rotational speed of roller 601, which is obtained by the first pressure sensor 804 (v=c1p1, c1 is the conversion constant).

[0072] r is the measured value of the resistance of the sawtooth plate 3, which is obtained by the second pressure sensor 810 (r=c2p2, c2 is the conversion constant).

[0073] K v： Velocity feedback gain (positive number) represents the weight of the influence of velocity on the vibration frequency.

[0074] K r： The drag feedback gain (positive number) represents the weight of the drag effect on the vibration frequency.

[0075] K f： The bias constant of the vibration frequency (fundamental frequency).

[0076] K n： The bias constant of the drive motor 703 speed (maximum speed, when the resistance is zero).

[0077] K d： The resistance feedback gain (positive number) represents the weight of the resistance's influence on the rotational speed.

[0078] All gains (K) v K r K f Kn K d This needs to be determined through system calibration to ensure dynamic performance and stability.

[0079] Controller 11 processes sensor inputs in real time and updates output setpoints:

[0080] 1. Input:

[0081] p1 (value of the first pressure sensor 804), calculate v = c1p1. Here, p1 ∝ n (because centrifugal force is related to rotational speed), and c1 can be determined from mechanical parameters.

[0082] p2 (value of the second pressure sensor 810), calculate r = c2p2. Here, p2 ∝ resistance, and c2 can be calibrated from the spring and lever mechanism.

[0083] 2. Control logic: Calculate the new setpoint based on the current v and r:

[0084] f set =K v v+K r r+K f n set =K n -K d r

[0085] When v increases (such as when the dust removal mechanism moves faster), f set Increased size to meet the dust removal requirements at higher speeds.

[0086] As r increases (e.g., as dust accumulation thickens), n set Reduce (decelerate to reduce drag), while f set Increase (enhance vibration to improve cleaning effectiveness).

[0087] 3. Output:

[0088] n set The signal is sent to the drive motor 703 controller 11 (such as a frequency converter) to adjust the speed.

[0089] f set Send to the linear vibration motor 404 controller 11 to adjust the frequency.

[0090] 4. Closed-loop characteristics: The system continuously monitors p1 and p2, updates v and r in real time, and adjusts n and f, forming a negative feedback loop. For example:

[0091] In the low-resistance region (r≈0), n≈Kn (high-speed operation), f≈K v v+K (speed dominates frequency).

[0092] In the high-resistance region (where r is large), n decreases (n <Kn ), f increases (f>K) v v+K f To avoid system malfunctions and enhance dust removal.

[0093] The controller 11 can fine-tune the gain using PID or other algorithms to handle noise and delay.

[0094] Gain calibration recommendations

[0095] Parameter range: The gain should be determined based on the specific mechanism design. For example:

[0096] K v This allows f to increase smoothly as v changes, avoiding excessive vibration. It can be used to test the reasonable upper limit of f at maximum speed.

[0097] K r and K d Set a resistance threshold; when r exceeds the set value, significantly reduce n and increase f. Calibration method: Test under known dust load to optimize cleaning efficiency and motor load.

[0098] K f and K n : Set baseline values ​​based on no-load experiments (such as the initial values ​​in steps two and three).

[0099] Stability: Ensure K d Large enough to respond to changes in resistance, but not so large as to cause oscillations; similarly, K v and K r Coordination is necessary to avoid frequency overshoot.

[0100] In this embodiment, when the pressure values ​​detected by multiple second pressure sensors differ significantly or fluctuate considerably, the controller can determine the slippage status of the rollers and the movement stability of the dust removal mechanism based on the deviation values. If the pressure difference between sensors at symmetrical positions remains excessively large, it indicates insufficient friction between the rollers and the guide rail or an imbalance in load distribution, resulting in slippage of some rollers. If the pressure value fluctuates at a high frequency, it reflects that the mechanism is subjected to intermittent resistance impacts, causing instability in the movement trajectory. The controller immediately triggers the fault-tolerant mechanism, actively reducing the drive motor speed to decrease the torque load on the slipping rollers, increasing the frequency of the linear vibration motor in the abnormal pressure area, and breaking up the locally caking ash layer to balance the resistance distribution. If the fluctuation exceeds the safety threshold, the faulty unit is suspended and the adjacent mechanism is linked to take over the dust removal task. At the same time, the data from the first pressure sensor (speed feedback) is verified. If the actual centrifugal force does not match the drive speed, slippage is further confirmed. Vibration propagation is suppressed by the mechanical constraint of the connecting beam. Thus, the pressure fluctuation is converted into a predictive control signal, actively correcting slippage and instability without stopping the machine, significantly improving the continuity of dust removal and the reliability of the mechanism.

[0101] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A saw-vibration cleaning type air preheater, comprising an air preheater body (1), characterized in that, Also includes: The dust removal mechanism includes: two crossbeams (2), multiple sawtooth plates (3), a fixed frame (5), a vibration mechanism (4), and a moving mechanism (6). The top of the air preheater body (1) is provided with an I-beam guide rail (12). Multiple sawtooth plates (3) are slidably installed between the two crossbeams (2). The same connecting column (9) is inserted into the multiple sawtooth plates (3). The vibration mechanism (4) includes: a linear vibration motor (404), a connecting frame (406), and a U-shaped frame (401). The connecting frame (406) is sleeved on the outside of the connecting column (9). The moving mechanism (6) includes: a roller (601), a bracket (603), a rotating shaft (602), and a driven gear (604). A driving mechanism (7) is provided on the top of the moving mechanism (6), and a monitoring mechanism (8) is provided on the top of the driving mechanism (7). The driving mechanism (7) includes: a driving motor (703), a rotating frame (705), a spiral column (702), a driving shaft (701), a first sliding ring (707), and a second sliding ring (706). A mounting plate (704) is fixedly installed on one side of the drive motor (703). The mounting plate (704) is fixedly installed between two crossbeams (2). The rotating frame (705) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the drive motor (703). The first sliding ring (707) and the second sliding ring (706) are both slidably sleeved on the outside of the rotating frame (705). Multiple arc-shaped connecting rods (708) are hinged inside the first sliding ring (707). A sliding frame (709) is hinged at the other end of the arc-shaped connecting rod (708). Multiple slide rails (710) are fixedly installed inside the rotating frame (705). The sliding frame (709) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding slide rail (710). The spiral column (702) is fixedly installed at one end of the drive shaft (701), and a positioning plate (202) is fixedly installed between the two crossbeams (2). The drive shaft (701) is rotatably installed in the positioning plate (202). The other end of the drive shaft (701) is fixedly installed with a drive gear (711). The drive gear (711) meshes with the driven gear (604). Multiple spiral strips (7021) are integrally formed on the outer side of the spiral column (702). Multiple spiral grooves adapted to the spiral strips (7021) are opened on the inner side of the second sliding ring (706). The monitoring mechanism (8) includes: a fixed frame (801), a first sliding frame (802), a second sliding frame (805), a first pressure sensor (804), and two second pressure sensors (810). The fixed frame (801) is fixedly installed on one side of the mounting plate (704). The first sliding frame (802) and the second sliding frame (805) are both slidably installed on the outside of the fixed frame (801). Two first abutting wheels (803) are rotatably installed inside the first sliding frame (802), and the two first abutting wheels (803) abut against both sides of the first sliding ring (707) respectively. Two second abutting wheels (810) are rotatably installed inside the second sliding frame (805). 806), two second abutting wheels (806) respectively abut against both sides of the second sliding ring (706), the first pressure sensor (804) and two second pressure sensors (810) are fixedly installed in the fixed frame (801), the other end of the first pressure sensor (804) is movably abutting against the first sliding frame (802), the other end of the second pressure sensor (810) is fixedly installed with a damper (809) and a connecting spring (808), the other end of the connecting spring (808) and the damper (809) located on the same side is fixedly installed with the same abutting plate (807), and the two abutting plates (807) respectively abut against both sides of the second sliding frame (805).

2. The saw-vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the U-shaped frame (401) is fixedly installed with a base plate (402) by bolts (403). The U-shaped frame (401) and the base plate (402) respectively abut against the upper and lower sides of the crossbeam (2). The bottom of the connecting frame (406) is fixedly installed with a third pressure sensor (405). The linear vibration motor (404) is fixedly installed on the top of the U-shaped frame (401). The output end of the linear vibration motor (404) is fixedly installed on the top of the third pressure sensor (405).

3. The saw-vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bracket (603) is fixedly installed between two crossbeams (2), the rotating shaft (602) is rotatably installed inside the bracket (603), the driven gear (604) and the roller (601) are both fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft (602), the roller (601) is rolledly installed on the top of the corresponding I-beam guide rail (12), the fixed frame (5) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the two crossbeams (2), and the I-beam guide rail (12), the fixed frame (5), the vibration mechanism (4) and the moving mechanism (6) are all set in multiple groups.

4. The saw-vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust removal mechanism is set up in several groups, and a connecting beam (10) is fixedly installed between two adjacent fixed frames (5), and a controller (11) is set on the top of one of the connecting beams (10).

5. The saw-vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air preheater body (1) includes: two side plates (101), a partition (102) and a plurality of heat exchange tubes (103). The heat exchange tubes (103) are fixedly installed between the two side plates (101) and pass through the partition (102).

6. The saw-vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limiting plate (201) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the crossbeam (2). A plurality of serrations are provided on one side of the serrated plate (3). Limiting grooves (301) are opened on the top of both sides of the serrated plate (3). The limiting plate (201) is slidably installed in the limiting groove (301). A long hole is opened on the front side of the fixing frame (5). The connecting column (9) passes through the long hole.

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