SOFC single cell test structure, device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to an SOFC single cell test structure, device and method, and belongs to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cell performance test. The test structure comprises a short stack structure, the short stack structure comprises two end plates, an installation area used for installing a battery piece is formed between the two end plates, and fastening holes are formed in the two end plates in a circle; the bipolar plate is arranged between the battery piece and the end plate; the gaskets are arranged on the two sides of the bipolar plate; the screw rod penetrates through the fastening hole between the two end plates, and the two ends of the screw rod are connected with nuts; the elastic compression assembly is connected to one end of the screw and located between the nut and the end plate, one end of the elastic compression assembly is used for abutting against the end plate, and the other end of the elastic compression assembly is used for abutting against the nut. According to the invention, the condition that relative displacement possibly occurs in a high-temperature test environment after the short reactor is assembled and formed can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cell performance testing, and in particular to a SOFC single cell testing structure, equipment and method. Background Art

[0002] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have become an important research direction for distributed energy systems due to their high energy conversion efficiency and clean emissions. During the assembly process of a solid oxide fuel cell stack, screws tightly secure components such as end plates, sealing assemblies, bipolar plates, and cell sheets together to form an integrated structure.

[0003] After the short stack is assembled, the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell needs to be tested to ensure that the solid oxide fuel cell has good performance. The core performance indicators of the solid oxide fuel cell cover several key aspects such as air tightness, electrochemical efficiency and thermal cycle stability. These indicators are interrelated and influence each other, and together determine the performance of the battery stack in actual applications.

[0004] Traditional testing methods, under high-temperature conditions, cause the screw and surrounding components, such as end plates and gaskets, to experience inconsistent thermal expansion, leading to relative displacement. This relative displacement can cause misalignment of the sealing surface. This misalignment not only places additional stress on the sealant, which, when exceeded, can cause cracking and compromise the seal. It also places additional stress on the screw, which, when exceeded, can lead to screw fracture.

[0005] The cracking of sealant and the breakage of screws will lead to a decrease in the airtightness of the battery stack, thereby affecting the flow and reaction of gases in the battery stack, and ultimately having a negative impact on the core performance indicators of the battery stack, thereby affecting the performance test results of the battery stack. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides a SOFC single cell testing structure, equipment and method, which can solve the problem in related technologies that relative displacement may occur after the short stack is assembled and formed in a high-temperature test environment, thereby having a negative impact on the core performance indicators of the stack, thereby affecting the performance test results of the stack.

[0007] First aspect: An embodiment of the present application provides a SOFC single cell test structure, including: a short stack structure, wherein the short stack structure includes: - an end plate, two end plates are provided, and an installation area for installing battery cells is formed between the two end plates, and fastening holes are provided around the two end plates; - a bipolar plate, which is provided between the battery cells and the end plates; - a gasket, which is provided on both sides of the bipolar plate; a screw rod, which passes through the fastening hole between the two end plates, and is connected to nuts at both ends of the screw rod; an elastic compression assembly, which is connected to one end of the screw rod and is located between the nut and the end plate, one end of the elastic compression assembly is used to abut against the end plate, and the other end is used to abut against the nut.

[0008] In some embodiments, the elastic compression assembly includes: a compression sleeve, which is sleeved on one end of the screw rod, and one end of the compression sleeve abuts against the end plate; a compression spring, which is sleeved on one end of the screw rod, and one end of the compression spring abuts against the compression sleeve, and the other end abuts against the nut.

[0009] In some embodiments, a porous layer is provided on the gasket.

[0010] In some embodiments, a first gap is provided between the gasket and the porous layer.

[0011] In some embodiments, a second gap is provided between the battery cell and the sealant.

[0012] Second aspect: An embodiment of the present application provides a SOFC single cell testing device, comprising: a SOFC single cell testing structure as described above; a high-temperature furnace, which is provided with a high-temperature zone adapted to the short stack structure, wherein the high-temperature zone extends from any of the end plates and is connected to an air intake unit and an air outlet unit, and valves are provided on the air intake unit and the air outlet unit; a flow testing instrument, which is connected to the air intake unit and the air outlet unit; an inspection terminal, one end of which is connected to the bipolar plate and the other end is connected to a inspection line, the inspection line extends out of the high-temperature furnace and is connected to a host.

[0013] In some embodiments, the end plate is provided with a plurality of long strip grooves adapted to the air intake manifold opening of the bipolar plate, and one end of the air intake unit and the air outlet unit are respectively connected to the corresponding long strip grooves.

[0014] In some embodiments, the air inlet unit includes an air inlet pipe and a gas inlet pipe, and the air outlet unit includes an air outlet pipe and a gas outlet pipe.

[0015] The third aspect: An embodiment of the present application provides a SOFC single cell testing method and a SOFC single cell testing device as described above, specifically comprising the following steps: placing a cell sheet into the installation area so that it is connected between the two end plates, and providing sealant around the cell sheet; using an elastic compression component to adjust the pressure of the short stack structure to meet the sealing requirements; firing the short stack structure to meet the curing of the sealant; using a flow test instrument to detect the airtightness of the short stack structure in a high-temperature furnace at room temperature; controlling the high-temperature furnace to enter a rated state to output a rated current to determine the test results.

[0016] In some embodiments, when the high temperature furnace is controlled to gradually enter a rated working state, the heating rate of the high temperature furnace is not higher than 100° C. / h.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application include: The embodiments of the present application provide a SOFC single cell testing structure, equipment and method, which connect a short stack structure, a screw and an elastic compression component into a whole to form a seal together, adjust the elastic deformation through a nut, and dynamically adjust the clamping force to solve the problem of screw breakage caused by thermal expansion in traditional screw fastening methods. In the short stack structure process, the elastic deformation of the elastic compression component can absorb the thermal expansion difference, thereby avoiding cracking due to stress release after the sealant is cured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 An overall schematic diagram provided for an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram for illustrating a short stack structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram for illustrating an elastic compression assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram for illustrating an end plate provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing a high-temperature furnace and a flow test instrument provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing an inspection terminal, an inspection line, and a host provided in an embodiment of the present application; In the figure: 1. Short stack structure; 10. End plate; 100. Fastening hole; 101. Long strip groove; 102. Connection port; 103. Air inlet pipe; 104. Gas inlet pipe; 11. Battery cell; 110. Sealant; 111. Second gap; 12. Bipolar plate; 13. Gasket; 130. Porous layer; 131. First gap; 2. Screw; 20. Nut; 3. Elastic compression assembly; 30. Compression sleeve; 31. Compression spring; 4. High-temperature furnace; 5. Flow test instrument; 6. Inspection terminal; 7. Inspection line; 8. Host. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] The embodiments of the present application provide a SOFC single cell testing structure, equipment and method, which can solve the problem in related technologies that relative displacement may occur after the short stack is assembled and formed in a high-temperature test environment, thereby having a negative impact on the core performance indicators of the stack, thereby affecting the performance test results of the stack.

[0022] Example 1 See also Figures 1 to 6 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a SOFC single cell test structure, comprising: a short stack structure 1, a screw 2, and an elastic compression assembly 3. The short stack structure 1 includes an end plate 10, a bipolar plate 12, and a gasket 13. Specifically, two end plates 10 are provided, with a mounting area for mounting a battery cell 11 formed between the two end plates. The other two end plates 10 are provided with fastening holes 100 around a perimeter. In this application, the two end plates 10 are specifically divided into an intake end plate and a tail end plate, wherein the fastening holes 100 are provided on the intake end plate 10; the bipolar plate 12 is connected between the battery cell 11 and the end plate 10; and the gasket 13 is provided on both sides of the bipolar plate 12. The end plate 10, battery cell 11, bipolar plate 12, and gasket 13 are stacked vertically in sequence to form a whole, which is then connected by a screw 2. Specifically, the screw rod 2 passes through the fastening hole 100 between the two end plates 10, and nuts 20 are connected to both ends of the screw rod 2; finally, the elastic compression component 3 is connected to one end of the screw rod 2 and is located between the nut 20 and the end plate 10, and one end of the elastic compression component 3 is used to abut against the end plate 10, and the other end is used to abut against the nut 20.

[0023] This application provides a stable mounting location for the cell 11 through the mounting area, ensuring that the cell 11 can maintain a relatively fixed position during testing. Fastening holes 100 arranged around the two end plates 10 provide connection points for the screws 2 to fasten the entire test structure together, ensuring the integrity and stability of the short stack structure 1 and enabling the various components to work together during testing and withstand the various forces and stresses that may be generated during testing. The bipolar plate 12, on the one hand, provides the necessary mechanical support for the cell 11, ensuring that the cell 11 will not be deformed or damaged by its own weight or external forces during testing. On the other hand, the bipolar plate 12 acts as a conductive bridge between the cell 11 and the end plate 10, ensuring smooth current transmission between the cell 11 and the external circuit, which is crucial for the normal operation of the SOFC single cell and the accurate acquisition of test data. Finally, the gasket 13 is provided to act as a seal, preventing gas leakage during testing, ensuring that the cell 11 is tested under a specific gas environment, and ensuring the accuracy and stability of the test conditions. At the same time, the gasket 13 also has a certain buffering effect, which can relieve the stress between the end plate 10 and the bipolar plate 12, and between the bipolar plate 12 and the battery cell 11 due to different thermal expansion coefficients or mechanical vibration, thereby avoiding damage to components due to stress concentration and extending the service life of the test structure.

[0024] When screw 2 engages with fastening holes 100 on end plate 10, securing the entire short stack structure 1 together and then tightening nut 20, the end plate 10, bipolar plate 12, and gasket 13 are tightly fitted together, forming a stable test structure. This ensures good contact between the components, thereby ensuring the normal transmission and reaction of current, gas, etc. during the test, and improving the accuracy and reliability of the test. When adjusting the tightness of nut 20, the elasticity of the elastic compression assembly 3 located at one end of screw 2 is also adjusted by nut 20 to adjust the contact force between the elastic compression assembly 3 and the short stack structure 1. During the test, the gap between the components may change due to factors such as temperature changes and thermal expansion of components. The elastic compression assembly 3 can automatically adjust its compression according to these changes, always maintaining close contact between the components and ensuring good sealing and conductivity. At the same time, the elastic compression assembly 3 can also buffer the impact and vibration that may occur during the test, protecting the battery cell 11 and other components from damage, and improving the stability and reliability of the test structure.

[0025] In the present application, the elastic compression assembly 3 includes a compression sleeve 30 and a compression spring 31. The compression sleeve 30 is mounted on one end of the screw 2, with one end of the compression sleeve 30 abutting against the end plate 10; the compression spring 31 is mounted on one end of the screw 2, with one end of the compression spring 31 abutting against the compression sleeve 30 and the other end abutting against the nut 20. By rotating the nut 20, the degree of compression of the compression spring 31 can be changed, thereby adjusting the elastic pressure of the elastic compression assembly 3 on the end plate 10 and other components. The compression spring 31 can move along the axis of the screw 2 during compression and extension. The compression sleeve 30 can provide some protection for the compression spring 31, preventing the compression spring 31 from direct contact with the screw 2 or other components, thereby preventing wear or scratches, and extending the service life of the compression spring 31. During the test process, the gaps between the components may change due to factors such as temperature changes and thermal expansion of the components. The compression spring 31 automatically adjusts its compression based on these changes, maintaining constant elastic pressure on components such as the end plate 10 and bipolar plate 12, ensuring close contact between these components and ensuring good sealing and electrical conductivity. For example, when the temperature rises and the components expand, the spring is further compressed to accommodate the dimensional changes. When the temperature drops, the spring expands to continue providing the necessary pressure.

[0026] Furthermore, during the test, the test may be affected by external shock or vibration. The compression spring 31 has good elasticity, which can absorb and buffer these shock and vibration energies, reducing damage to the battery cell 11 and other components. Through the elastic deformation of the compression spring 31, the shock and vibration energy is converted into elastic potential energy of the compression spring 31, which is then gradually released, thereby providing a shock-absorbing effect, ensuring the stability and reliability of the test structure and improving the accuracy of the test data.

[0027] In the present application, in order to make the short stack structure 1 adapt to the test environment, the end plate 10 is preferably made of ferritic steel with the same thermal expansion coefficient as the thermal expansion coefficient of the single cell yttria-stabilized zirconia, such as 0Cr18SiAl; the bipolar plate 12 is also selected from ferritic steel with the same thermal expansion coefficient as the thermal expansion coefficient of the single cell yttria-stabilized zirconia, such as 430 or 441, to avoid the situation in which the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials are different in a high temperature environment and the materials with different thermal expansion coefficients are combined together, resulting in relative displacement in a high temperature environment. In addition, the provided gasket 13 has compressible properties and high temperature resistance. Vermiculite gasket 13 is preferred, and a porous layer 130 is specifically filled in the middle of the gasket 13, such as nickel foam, to provide support and allow better force transmission. The battery cells 11 are matched between the bipolar plates 12 and the bipolar plates 12, and the battery cells 11 are clamped and sealed with two layers of gaskets 13 around them. Sealant 110 is applied between the gaskets 13 and the gaskets 13 in the area where the battery cells 11 are not clamped, such as high temperature resistant sealant for bonding, which can meet high temperature use of 800°C. It should be noted that the thickness of the sealant 110 needs to be adjusted according to the thickness of the battery cells 11 to allow better force transmission.

[0028] In the present application, a first gap 131 is provided between the gasket 13 and the porous layer 130 to facilitate assembly and compensate for extrusion caused by thermal expansion; a second gap 111 is provided between the battery cell 11 and the sealant 110 to prevent the sealant 110 from squeezing the battery cell 11 and causing damage to the battery cell 11.

[0029] Example 2 See also Figure 1-6 , an embodiment of the present application provides a SOFC single cell testing device, comprising a SOFC single cell testing structure as described above and a high temperature furnace 4, a flow testing instrument 5 and an inspection terminal 6, the high temperature furnace 4 is provided with a high temperature zone adapted to the short stack structure 1, and a high temperature zone extends from any end plate 10 in the short stack structure 1 and is connected to an air intake unit and an air outlet unit, specifically, an air intake unit and an air outlet unit are provided on the air intake end plate 10, and valves (not shown in the figure) are provided on the air intake unit and the air outlet unit, the air intake unit includes an air inlet pipe 103 and a gas inlet pipe 104, the air outlet unit includes an air outlet pipe and a gas outlet pipe, because the air intake unit and the air outlet unit are arranged in the same manner, the air intake unit is illustrated in the drawings of this application; finally, the flow testing instrument 5 is connected to the air intake unit and the air outlet unit, one end of the inspection terminal 6 is connected to the bipolar plate 12, and the other end is connected to the inspection line 7, the inspection line 7 extends out of the high temperature furnace 4 and is connected to the host 8.

[0030] The high temperature zone of the high temperature furnace 4 is adapted to the short stack structure 1 to ensure that the battery cell 11 is close to the actual operating temperature and simulates the real working conditions. The inspection line 7 and the connecting parts are made of high temperature resistant materials. The air inlet pipe 103, the gas inlet pipe 104 and the corresponding air outlet pipe and gas outlet pipe adjust the flow through valves to achieve precise control of the reaction gas. Therefore, during the test process, by burning the short stack structure 1 in the high temperature furnace 4, the air inlet pipe 103, the gas inlet pipe 104 and the corresponding air outlet pipe and gas outlet pipe adjust the exchange of reaction gases through valves, and the flow test instrument 5 is connected to the air inlet and outlet units to measure the gas flow and pressure in real time, providing key data for performance evaluation and ensuring the repeatability and scientificity of the test conditions. Therefore, the inspection terminal 6 is directly connected to the bipolar plate 12, and the electrical performance signal is transmitted to the host 8 through the inspection line 7. The host 8 integrates the gas flow data and electrical performance data to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the battery cell 11. The present application combines a high-temperature furnace 4, a flow test instrument 5 and a host 8 to realize dynamic testing of the battery cell 11 under different temperature and gas conditions, thereby accelerating performance optimization.

[0031] In the present application, since both the air inlet unit and the air outlet unit are configured as orifices, and the air inlet manifold of the bipolar plate 12 is configured as two rectangular orifices, a plurality of long strip grooves 101 adapted to the air inlet manifold of the bipolar plate 12 are provided on the end plate 10, and one end of the air inlet unit and the air outlet unit are connected to the corresponding long strip grooves 101 respectively. The connection is specifically achieved by providing a connecting port 102 on the long strip groove 101, and the air inlet unit and the air outlet unit are connected at the connecting port 102. Since the air inlet unit and the air outlet unit have the same structure, the air inlet unit is used as an example in the drawings of the present application. The purpose of providing the long strip grooves 101 is to distribute the air in and out of the end plate 10 more evenly to the two rectangular orifices of the bipolar plate 12, so that the gas enters the short stack structure 1 itself more evenly.

[0032] Example 3 See also Figure 1-6, the embodiment of the present application provides a SOFC single cell testing method, and provides a SOFC single cell testing device as described above, which specifically includes the following steps: placing the battery cell 11 into the installation area so that it is connected between the two end plates 10, and setting sealant 110 along the four sides of the battery cell 11 to ensure that the sealing gasket at the edge of the battery cell 11 fits well, and adjusting the thickness of the sealant 110 to be consistent with the battery cell 11, ensuring that the battery cell 11 is in good contact and ensuring sealing; then using the elastic compression component 3 to adjust the pressure of the short stack structure 1 to meet the sealing requirements, specifically by adjusting the elasticity of the compression spring 31 through the nut 20, so as to adjust the force of the short stack structure 1, generally according to the test data of the gasket 13, for example, when the gasket 13 requires a stress of 3MPa, the sealing requirements are met, and the force can be calculated by the force area of ​​the gasket 13. The air tightness is related to the stress. The greater the stress, the better the air tightness. Exceeding the limit After that, it will get worse; after setting the pressing force, the short stack structure 1 is fired to meet the curing of the sealant 110. Specifically, the short stack structure 1 is placed in a high-temperature furnace 4 for firing. The firing temperature meets the curing temperature of the sealant 110 and can be controlled below 850 degrees Celsius for 1 hour. After the firing is completed, it is necessary to wait for the temperature to return to normal temperature. The sealant 110 is combined, and the organic matter in the gasket 13 is volatilized at high temperature, and the gasket 13 is more stable; finally, after the high-temperature furnace 4 returns to normal temperature, the air inlet unit and the air outlet unit are connected to the end plate 10 by welding, and the air inlet unit and the air outlet unit are extended out of the high-temperature furnace 4 to connect the flow test instrument 5, and the flow test instrument 5 is used to detect the air tightness of the short stack structure 1 in the high-temperature furnace 4 under normal temperature; further, after the air tightness test is no problem, the high-temperature furnace 4 is controlled to enter the rated state to output the rated current to judge the test result, and the test result reflects the power generation performance of the battery cell 11.

[0033] In the present application, controlling the high-temperature furnace 4 to enter a rated state and output a rated current specifically includes an initial heating stage, an initial load stage, and a rated working state. During the initial heating phase, the temperature in the high-temperature furnace 4 needs to be increased and controlled below 300°C, with a heating rate of no more than 100°C / h, to ensure that the overall temperature difference of the short stack is as small as possible, for example, below 80°C. Due to the presence of nickel oxide in the battery cell 11, the battery stack needs to be reduced first, mainly to reduce the nickel oxide on the anode side to nickel. Hydrogen can be introduced through the gas inlet pipe 104 to reduce the nickel oxide to nickel NiO+H2=Ni+H2O at a high temperature of 100-300°C. From a safety perspective, hydrogen can be replaced with 5mol-%H2N2. Considering that the anode and cathode of the battery cell 11 cannot withstand excessive pressure differences, a certain amount of air needs to be introduced into the cathode side to maintain the pressure difference during this process. Specifically, ventilation is carried out through the air inlet pipe 103, for example, the pressure difference is less than 2KPa. Since carbon-containing fuels and nickel may form carbonyl nickel at low temperatures, it is not recommended to introduce carbon-containing fuels below 300°C.

[0034] Furthermore, in the initial load stage, by continuing to increase the temperature of the high-temperature furnace 4, the temperature is brought to above 300°C and increased to 750°C. During this heating process, when the temperature is above 300°C, the anode can be fed with carbon-containing fuel. Because the load has not yet been introduced at this time, the oxygen ions on the cathode side cannot participate in the anode. It is necessary to introduce an appropriate amount of water vapor into the anode, such as 1 mol% water vapor, to control the oxygen-carbon ratio to be greater than 2.5 to prevent carbon deposition. When the temperature reaches 600°C, the load is turned on, and the fuel is increased while ensuring that the single-chip voltage is greater than 0.8V. and air to ensure that the fuel is sufficient to provide a current of 20A and the fuel utilization rate is above 30%; increase the current output, for example, increase the current by 2A / min; increase it to 20A; finally, in the rated working state, the short stack temperature is maintained at 750℃, and the temperature difference of the short stack is less than 80℃, increase the fuel and air to ensure that the fuel is sufficient to provide a current of 30A and the fuel utilization rate is above 60%, increase the current output, for example, increase the current by 2A / min, increase it to 30A, and measure the voltage and power corresponding to the current increase to 30A.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0037] The foregoing is merely a list of specific embodiments of the present application, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the present application.

Claims

1. A SOFC single cell test structure, characterized in that: It includes: A short stack structure (1), comprising: - end plates (10), two end plates (10) are provided, a mounting area for mounting battery cells (11) is formed between the two end plates (10), and fastening holes (100) are provided around the two end plates (10); - a bipolar plate (12), which is arranged between the battery cell (11) and the end plate (10); - gaskets (13) arranged on both sides of the bipolar plate (12); A screw rod (2) passing through the fastening hole (100) between the two end plates (10), and nuts (20) are connected at both ends of the screw rod (2); An elastic compression assembly (3) is connected to one end of the screw rod (2) and is located between the nut (20) and the end plate (10); one end of the elastic compression assembly (3) is used to abut against the end plate (10), and the other end is used to abut against the nut (20).

2. The SOFC single cell test structure according to claim 1, wherein: The elastic compression component (3) comprises: A compression sleeve (30) is sleeved on one end of the screw rod (2), and one end of the compression sleeve (30) abuts against the end plate (10); A compression spring (31) is sleeved on one end of the screw rod (2), and one end of the compression spring (31) abuts against the compression sleeve (30), and the other end abuts against the nut (20).

3. The SOFC single cell test structure according to claim 1, wherein: A porous layer (130) is provided on the gasket (13).

4. The SOFC single cell test structure according to claim 3, wherein: A first gap (131) is provided between the gasket (13) and the porous layer (130).

5. The SOFC single cell test structure according to claim 1, wherein: A second gap (111) is provided between the battery cell (11) and the sealant (110).

6. A SOFC single cell testing device, characterized in that: It includes: A SOFC single cell test structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5; A high-temperature furnace (4) is provided with a high-temperature zone adapted to the short stack structure (1), wherein an air inlet unit and an air outlet unit are connected to the high-temperature zone extending from any of the end plates (10), and valves are provided on the air inlet unit and the air outlet unit; A flow rate testing instrument (5), the flow rate testing instrument (5) being connected to the air inlet unit and the air outlet unit; An inspection terminal (6) has one end connected to the bipolar plate (12) and the other end connected to an inspection line (7), wherein the inspection line (7) extends out of the high-temperature furnace (4) and is connected to a host (8).

7. The SOFC single cell testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end plate (10) is provided with a plurality of long strip grooves (101) adapted to the air intake manifold openings of the bipolar plate (12), and one end of the air intake unit and the air outlet unit are respectively connected to the corresponding long strip grooves (101).

8. The SOFC single cell testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air inlet unit comprises an air inlet pipe (103) and a gas inlet pipe (104), and the air outlet unit comprises an air outlet pipe and a gas outlet pipe.

9. A method for testing a SOFC single cell, characterized in that: A SOFC single cell testing device according to any one of claims 6 to 8 is provided, comprising the following steps: Placing the battery cell (11) into the installation area so that it is connected between the two end plates (10), and providing a sealant (110) along the periphery of the battery cell (11); Using an elastic compression component (3) to adjust the pressure of the short stack structure (1) to meet the sealing requirements; Firing the short stack structure (1) to meet the curing of the sealant (110); Using a flow tester (5) to detect the air tightness of the short stack structure (1) placed in a high-temperature furnace (4) at room temperature; The high temperature furnace (4) is controlled to enter a rated state and output a rated current to determine the test result.

10. The method for testing a SOFC single cell test structure according to claim 9, wherein: When the high-temperature furnace (4) is controlled to gradually enter a rated working state, the heating rate of the high-temperature furnace (4) is not higher than 100°C / h.

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