Irreversible circuit element and quantum computer

Abstract

The invention relates to an irreversible circuit element and a quantum computer. The irreversible circuit element includes a housing, a first unit, a second unit, a ground conductor, a first magnet, and a second magnet. The ground conductor is located between the first unit and the second unit. The first magnet and the second magnet sandwich the first unit, the ground conductor, and the second unit. Each of the first unit and the second unit includes a conductor, a first magnetic body, a first absorber, a second magnetic body, and a second absorber. The first magnetic body and the second magnetic body sandwich a first region of the conductor extending between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the first absorber and the second absorber sandwich a second region of the conductor different from the first region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an irreversible circuit element and a quantum computer. Background Art

[0002] Non-reciprocal circuit elements are devices that restrict the direction in which high-frequency signals can be transmitted. Isolators and circulators are examples of non-reciprocal circuit elements. Non-reciprocal circuit elements are widely used in circuits that transmit high-frequency signals.

[0003] Irreciprocal circuit elements are used in various places where high-frequency signals are used. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an isolator for microwave communication. Furthermore, Patent Document 2 describes the use of isolators in quantum computers.

[0004] Prior art literature

[0005] Patent Literature

[0006] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-287403

[0007] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent No. 6998459 Summary of the Invention

[0008] Problems to be solved by the invention

[0009] Irreciprocal circuit elements are placed on signal lines connected to the quantum processor that controls the quantum computer. The quantum processor is housed in a freezer, which has limited capacity. Therefore, miniaturization of the nonreciprocal circuit elements is crucial. Furthermore, nonreciprocal circuit elements selectively transmit signals. Even with miniaturization of the nonreciprocal circuit elements, the goal is to minimize degradation in signal quality.

[0010] The present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a non-reciprocal circuit element and a quantum computer with high integration and excellent signal quality.

[0011] Solutions for solving problems

[0012] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present disclosure provides the following solutions.

[0013] The non-reciprocal circuit element of the first embodiment comprises a housing, a first unit, a second unit, a grounded conductor, a first magnet, and a second magnet. The first unit, the second unit, the grounded conductor, the first magnet, and the second magnet are housed in the housing. The grounded conductor is located between the first unit and the second unit. The first magnet and the second magnet sandwich the first unit, the grounded conductor, and the second unit. The first unit and the second unit each comprise a conductor, a first magnetic body, a first absorber, a second magnetic body, and a second absorber. The conductor comprises a first terminal and a second terminal. In each of the first unit and the second unit, the first magnetic body and the second magnetic body sandwich a first region of the conductor extending between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the first absorber and the second absorber sandwich a second region of the conductor that is different from the first region.

[0014] Effects of the Invention

[0015] The non-reciprocal circuit element of the present invention has high integration and excellent signal quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a perspective view of the nonreciprocal circuit device according to the first embodiment.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the nonreciprocal circuit element according to the first embodiment.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a plan view of the conductor and lossy layer of the nonreciprocal circuit element according to the first embodiment.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a plan view of a conductor of the irreversible circuit board according to the first embodiment.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a plan view of the lossy layer of the irreversible wiring board according to the first embodiment.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a quantum computer according to the first embodiment.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the nonreciprocal circuit element according to the second embodiment.

[0023] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit element according to a third embodiment.

[0024] Figure 9 It is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit element according to a fourth embodiment.

[0025] Figure 10It is a cross-sectional view of the nonreciprocal circuit element according to the fifth embodiment.

[0026] Figure 11 It is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit element according to the sixth embodiment.

[0027] Figure 12 It is a perspective view of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to a sixth embodiment.

[0028] Figure 13 It is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit element according to the seventh embodiment.

[0029] Figure 14 It is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit element according to the eighth embodiment.

[0030] Description of Reference Numerals

[0031] 1. Unit 1; 2. Unit 2; 3. Ground conductor; 4. First magnet; 5. Second magnet; 6. Housing; 7. Third magnet; 11, 21. Conductor; 12, 22. First magnetic body; 13, 23. First absorber; 14, 24. Second magnetic body; 15, 25. Second absorber; 41. First grounding body; 51. Second grounding body; 61. Input terminal; 62. Output terminal; 101, 102, 103, 104. 105, 106, 107, 108, non-reciprocal circuit element; 111, first region; 112, second region; 200, quantum computer; 201, quantum processor; 202, 203, non-reciprocal circuit element; 204, 205, filter; 206, amplifier; G, ground conductor; S1, first side; S2, second side; S3, third side; T1, first terminal; T2, second terminal; T3, third terminal; U, unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings as appropriate. The drawings used in the following description may, for convenience, enlarge the features to facilitate understanding, and the dimensional ratios of the various components may differ from the actual ones. The materials, dimensions, and other aspects illustrated in the following description are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to these examples. The present invention can be implemented with appropriate modifications within the scope of achieving the effects of the present invention.

[0033] First, define the directions. Let's define one direction in the plane where the conductor extends as the x-direction. For example, let's define the direction connecting the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 of the conductor as the x-direction. Furthermore, let's define the direction perpendicular to the x-direction in the plane where the conductor extends as the y-direction. Let's define the direction perpendicular to both the x-direction and the y-direction as the z-direction. The stacking direction is an example of the z-direction.

[0034] "First embodiment"

[0035] Figure 1 : is a perspective view of the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment. The non-reciprocal circuit element 101 is encapsulated by a housing 6. The housing 6 has an input terminal 61 and an output terminal 62. The input terminal 61 and the output terminal 62 are connected to each unit inside the housing 6, for example. Figure 1 Only the conductors 11 and 21 of the unit inside the housing 6 are shown in the figure.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the nonreciprocal circuit element 101 according to the first embodiment. Figure 2 The yz cross section passes through the center of the x-direction of the non-reciprocal circuit element 101. The non-reciprocal circuit element 101 includes, for example, a first unit 1, a second unit 2, a grounded conductor 3, a first magnet 4, a second magnet 5, and a housing 6. The first unit 1, the second unit 2, the grounded conductor 3, the first magnet 4, and the second magnet 5 are housed in the housing 6. The non-reciprocal circuit element 100 functions as an isolator, for example.

[0037] The first element 1 includes a conductor 11, a first magnetic body 12, a first absorber 13, a second magnetic body 14, and a second absorber 15. The layer including the first magnetic body 12 and the first absorber 13 is referred to as a first lossy layer, and the layer including the second magnetic body 14 and the second absorber 15 is referred to as a second lossy layer.

[0038] Figure 3 It is a plan view of the conductor 11 and the first lossy layer of the first unit 1 . Figure 4 It is a plan view of the conductor 11 of the first unit 1 . Figure 5 This is a top view of the first lossy layer of the first unit 1.

[0039] The conductor 11 has a first terminal T1 and a second terminal T2. The conductor 11 may also have a third terminal T3. The first terminal T1 is connected to the input terminal 61, and the second terminal T2 is connected to the output terminal 62. The third terminal T3 is, for example, an open end.

[0040] Conductor 11 transmits high-frequency signals. Conductor 11 irreversibly transmits high-frequency signals between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2. "Irreversibly transmitting high-frequency signals" means that the signal transmission efficiency varies depending on the direction. For example, "irreversibly transmitting high-frequency signals" involves transmitting signals with low loss in the forward direction while transmitting almost no signal in the reverse direction. The transmission direction of high-frequency signals in conductor 11 is controlled by the first and second lossy layers.

[0041] High-frequency signals input from the first terminal T1 are transmitted to the second terminal T2 with low loss. High-frequency signals input from the second terminal T2 are mostly absorbed. Almost no high-frequency signals are transmitted from the second terminal T2 to the first terminal T1. That is, high-frequency signals are transmitted from the first terminal T1 to the second terminal T2 with low loss, but almost no high-frequency signals are transmitted from the second terminal T2 to the first terminal T1.

[0042] Conductor 11 is not particularly limited as long as it can efficiently transmit high-frequency signals. Conductor 11 can be made of, for example, aluminum, copper, silver, gold, or stainless steel. Alternatively, conductor 11 can be made by plating aluminum, copper, silver, gold, or stainless steel onto a non-conductor or high-resistance conductor (e.g., phosphor bronze).

[0043] The conductor 11 has a first region 111 and a second region 112. The conductor 11 may have regions other than the first region 111 and the second region 112. The first region 111 is a region that overlaps with the first magnetic body 12 in the z-direction. The first region 111 extends across the entire area between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2. The second region 112 is a region that overlaps with the first absorber 13 in the z-direction. The boundary between the first region 111 and the second region 112 coincides with the boundary between the first magnetic body 12 and the first absorber 13 when viewed from the z-direction.

[0044] There is no particular limitation on the top view shape of the conductor 11. Figure 3 As shown, the conductor 11 may have a triangular shape in plan view, a shape with concavities and convexities formed partially on the sides of the triangle, or a shape with curved sides.

[0045] The first and second lossy layers sandwich the conductor 11 in the z-direction. The first lossy layer includes a first magnetic material 12 and a first absorber 13. The second lossy layer includes a second magnetic material 14 and a second absorber 15. The shapes of the first and second lossy layers are substantially the same and symmetrical across the conductor 11.

[0046] The first magnetic body 12 is located at a different position from the first absorber 13 in the same xy plane. The first magnetic body 12 overlaps the first region 111 of the conductor 11 in the z direction. The first absorber 13 overlaps the second region 112 of the conductor 11 in the z direction.

[0047] The second magnetic body 14 is located at a different position from the second absorber 15 in the same xy plane. The second magnetic body 14 overlaps the first region 111 of the conductor 11 in the z direction. The second absorber 15 overlaps the second region 112 of the conductor 11 in the z direction.

[0048] The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 sandwich the first region 111 in the z direction. The first absorbent body 13 and the second absorbent body 15 sandwich the second region 112 in the z direction.

[0049] The shapes of the first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 are not limited as long as they can cover the first area 111. The shapes of the first absorbent body 13 and the second absorbent body 15 are not limited as long as they can cover the second area 112. For example, Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the shapes of the first magnetic body 12 and the first absorber 13 as viewed from the z direction may both be rectangular.

[0050] By applying a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14, the high-frequency signal passing through the conductor 11 is propagated with a bias toward one side in the direction of travel. For example, a high-frequency signal input from the first terminal T1 is biased toward the vicinity of the first side S1 and propagates along the first side S1 toward the second terminal T2. Meanwhile, a high-frequency signal input to the second terminal T2 is biased toward the vicinity of the second side S2 and the third side S3 and propagates along the second and third sides S2 and S3 toward the first terminal T1. At this time, the high-frequency signal input to the second terminal T2 is absorbed by the first absorber 13 and the second absorber 15, resulting in significant attenuation.

[0051] The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 are made of magnetic materials. The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 may be a conductor or an insulator. The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 are, for example, soft magnetic bodies. The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 are, for example, made of a material selected from Co-based amorphous materials, ferrites, Fe 85 Si2B8P4Cu、Fe 86 AlB8P4Cu、Fe 78 Si9B 13 , yttrium iron garnet (YIG). YIG is, for example, Y3Fe2(FeO4)3, Y3Fe5O 12 .

[0052] The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 may also be formed by mixing magnetic particles with a resin. Examples of magnetic particles include iron, silicon steel (Fe-Si), permalloy (Ni-Fe), permalloy (Fe-Co), sendust (Fe-Si-Al), electromagnetic stainless steel, amorphous iron-based alloys (Fe-BC, Fe-Co), manganese-zinc ferrite, nickel-zinc ferrite, and the like. The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 may also be formed by mixing ferrite particles with a resin.

[0053] When dispersing magnetic material in an insulating material (e.g., resin, rubber, or paint), the volume ratio of the magnetic material is preferably set to 10% to 70%. A relatively small volume of magnetic material results in a low electromagnetic wave absorption capacity. A relatively large volume of magnetic material makes it difficult to disperse into the insulating material.

[0054] The first absorber 13 and the second absorber 15 are made of a material having a higher magnetic field loss rate than the first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14. For example, the first absorber 13 and the second absorber 15 are made of any one selected from the group consisting of iron, BN, conductive carbon, SiC, and Ni-based ferrite.

[0055] When the first lossy layer and the second lossy layer are conductors, insulating layers are provided between the first lossy layer and the conductor 11 and between the second lossy layer and the conductor 11. As the insulating layer, a known insulating layer can be used.

[0056] The second element 2 is located so as to overlap the first element 1 in the z-direction. The second element 2 includes a conductor 21, a first magnetic body 22, a first absorber 23, a second magnetic body 24, and a second absorber 25. The layer including the first magnetic body 22 and the first absorber 23 is referred to as the third lossy layer, and the layer including the second magnetic body 24 and the second absorber 25 is referred to as the fourth lossy layer.

[0057] Conductor 21 has the same structure as conductor 11 of first unit 1. First magnetic body 22 has the same structure as first magnetic body 12 of first unit 1. First absorber 23 has the same structure as first absorber 13 of first unit 1. Second magnetic body 24 has the same structure as second magnetic body 14 of first unit 1. Second absorber 25 has the same structure as second absorber 15 of first unit 1. First magnetic body 22 and second magnetic body 24 sandwich the first region of conductor 21 in the z-direction, while first absorber 23 and second absorber 25 sandwich the second region of conductor 21 in the z-direction.

[0058] The ground conductor 3 is located between the first element 1 and the second element 2 in the z-direction. For example, the ground conductor 3 is in contact with each of the first element 1 and the second element 2. For example, the second lossy layer of the first element 1, which includes the second magnetic body 14 and the second absorber 15, is in contact with the ground conductor 3. For example, the fourth lossy layer of the second element 2, which includes the second magnetic body 24 and the second absorber 25, is in contact with the ground conductor 3.

[0059] Ground conductor 3 is connected to a reference potential, for example, via housing 6. The reference potential is, for example, ground. By connecting ground conductor 3 to the reference potential, the electric field generated by the current flowing through conductor 11 is suppressed from affecting conductor 21. Similarly, by connecting ground conductor 3 to the reference potential, the electric field generated by the current flowing through conductor 21 is suppressed from affecting conductor 11. This phenomenon, in which a signal transmitted through one conductor affects a signal transmitted through another conductor, is called crosstalk. Crosstalk is the cause of noise in signals transmitted within a conductor.

[0060] The ground conductor 3 is, for example, a non-magnetic material. This prevents interruption of the magnetic field between the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5. The ground conductor 3 is, for example, made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of Au, Ag, Al, and Cu.

[0061] The thickness of the ground conductor 3 preferably satisfies the following formula, for example.

[0062] d=(2ρ / ωμ) 1 / 2

[0063] In the above equation, d is the thickness of the ground conductor 3, ρ is the resistivity of conductor 11 or conductor 21, ω is the angular frequency of the current flowing through conductor 11 or conductor 21, and μ is the magnetic permeability of conductor 11 or conductor 21. If conductor 11 and conductor 21 are made of different materials, the one with the larger resistivity is denoted as ρ, the one with the larger angular frequency is denoted as ω, and the one with the larger magnetic permeability is denoted as μ. If the ground conductor 3 satisfies the above relationship, crosstalk can be further prevented.

[0064] The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 sandwich the first element 1, the ground conductor 3, and the second element 2 in the z direction. The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 sandwich the first magnetic body 12, the second magnetic body 14, the first magnetic body 22, and the second magnetic body 24 in the z direction. The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 12, the second magnetic body 14, the first magnetic body 22, and the second magnetic body 24. Parts of the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 may overlap with the first absorber 13, the second absorber 15, the first absorber 23, and the second absorber 25.

[0065] The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 are, for example, hard magnetic materials. They may be insulators or conductors. For example, the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 include any one selected from the group consisting of insulating ferrite magnets, conductive rare earth magnets, TbFeCo, GdFeCo, SmFeCo, [Co / Pt] multilayer films, and [Co / Pd] multilayer films.

[0066] The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 are examples of magnetic field sources. The magnetic field source is not limited to the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 as long as it can apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 12 , the second magnetic body 14 , the first magnetic body 22 , and the second magnetic body 24 .

[0067] For example, there is a first grounding body 41 between the first magnet 4 and the first unit 1. In the case where the first magnet 4 is a conductor, the first grounding body 41 may not be present. For example, there is a second grounding body 51 between the second magnet 5 and the second unit 2. In the case where the second magnet 5 is a conductor, the second grounding body 51 may not be present. The first grounding body 41 or the second grounding body 51 is grounded to a reference potential, for example. The reference potential is, for example, the ground. There is no particular limitation on the first grounding body 41 and the second grounding body 51 as long as they are conductive.

[0068] The non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment has excellent signal quality even when a plurality of units are integrated into a limited space within the housing 6. This is because a ground conductor 3 is provided between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2. If the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 are accommodated in a small area, crosstalk may sometimes occur, in which the signals of the respective units affect each other. Crosstalk is a cause of noise and is one of the reasons for reducing the quality of signals transmitted within the units. The non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment can prevent the occurrence of crosstalk by having the ground conductor 3, thereby suppressing the reduction in signal quality. In addition, by suppressing the occurrence of crosstalk, the miniaturization of the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 can be achieved.

[0069] Furthermore, in the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment, the magnets for applying a DC magnetic field to the first unit 1 and the magnets for applying a DC magnetic field to the second unit 2 are both the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5, and the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 share the magnets. Therefore, the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment has a small number of components and can be miniaturized.

[0070] The nonreciprocal circuit element 101 of this embodiment can be applied to, for example, a quantum computer. Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a quantum computer according to this embodiment. A quantum computer 200 includes, for example, a quantum processor 201 , non-reciprocal circuit elements 202 and 203 , filters 204 and 205 , and an amplifier 206 .

[0071] Quantum processor 201 performs quantum computation. Irreversible circuit elements 202 and 203 distribute read signals of qubits from quantum processor 201. Irreversible circuit element 202 is a circulator. Irreversible circuit element 203 is an isolator. The nonreciprocal circuit element 101 of this embodiment can be applied to nonreciprocal circuit element 203. Amplifier 206 amplifies the read signal.

[0072] For example, superconducting quantum computers operate under extremely low temperature conditions. Therefore, the quantum processor 201 and the non-reciprocal circuit elements 202 and 203 are also located in locations exposed to extremely low temperatures. Maintaining a large volume in such environments is difficult, and miniaturization of the non-reciprocal circuit elements 202 and 203 is a priority. The non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of this embodiment is compact and has excellent isolation properties, making it suitable for use in quantum computers.

[0073] "Second embodiment"

[0074] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the nonreciprocal circuit element 102 according to the second embodiment. Figure 7 The yz cross section passes through the center of the non-reciprocal circuit element 102 in the x direction. The non-reciprocal circuit element 102 includes, for example, a first unit 1, a second unit 2, a ground conductor 3, a first magnet 4, a second magnet 5, a housing 6, and a third magnet 7. The non-reciprocal circuit element 102 of the second embodiment differs from the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment in that it includes the third magnet 7. In the non-reciprocal circuit element 102 of the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same structures as those of the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment, and their descriptions are omitted.

[0075] The third magnet 7 is located inside the grounded conductor 3. The third magnet 7 faces the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5, respectively. The first magnet 4 and the third magnet 7 sandwich the first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 in the z-direction. The second magnet 5 and the third magnet 7 sandwich the first magnetic body 22 and the second magnetic body 24 in the z-direction. The first magnet 4 and the third magnet 7 apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14. The second magnet 5 and the third magnet 7 apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 22 and the second magnetic body 24. Part of the third magnet 7 may overlap with the first absorber 13, the second absorber 15, the first absorber 23, and the second absorber 25 in the z-direction. The third magnet 7 can be made of the same material as the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5.

[0076] The film thickness between the second magnetic body 14 of the ground conductor 3 and the third magnetic body 7 preferably satisfies d=(2ρ / ωμ) 1 / 2 In this case, d is the film thickness between the second magnetic body 14 of the ground conductor 3 and the third magnetic body 7, ρ is the resistivity of the conductor 11, ω is the angular frequency of the current flowing in the conductor 11, and μ is the magnetic permeability of the conductor 11. Similarly, the film thickness between the second magnetic body 24 of the ground conductor 3 and the third magnetic body 7 preferably satisfies d = (2ρ / ωμ) 1 / 2In this case, d is the film thickness between the second magnetic body 24 of the ground conductor 3 and the third magnetic body 7, ρ is the resistivity of the conductor 21, ω is the angular frequency of the current flowing in the conductor 21, and μ is the magnetic permeability of the conductor 21.

[0077] The non-reciprocal circuit element 102 of the second embodiment has excellent signal quality because it includes the ground conductor 3 between the first cell 1 and the second cell 2. Furthermore, the non-reciprocal circuit element 102 of the second embodiment can apply different magnetic fields to the first cell 1 and the second cell 2, respectively, thereby enabling the first cell 1 and the second cell 2 to function independently.

[0078] "Third embodiment"

[0079] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the nonreciprocal circuit element 103 according to the third embodiment. Figure 8 The yz cross section passes through the center of the non-reciprocal circuit element 103 in the x-direction. The non-reciprocal circuit element 102 includes, for example, a first unit 1, a second unit 2, a ground conductor 3, a first magnet 4, a second magnet 5, and a housing 6. The non-reciprocal circuit element 103 of the third embodiment differs from the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment in that the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 do not overlap in the z-direction. In the non-reciprocal circuit element 103 of the third embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same structures as those of the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment, and their descriptions are omitted.

[0080] The ground conductor 3 is located between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2. The ground conductor 3 is located between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 in the y direction. The conductor 11 and the conductor 21 are separated from the ground conductor 3.

[0081] The ground conductor 3 may be, for example, a non-magnetic body or a magnetic body. The ground conductor 3 is preferably a non-magnetic body.

[0082] The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 sandwich the first element 1, the ground conductor 3, and the second element 2 in the z direction. The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 each extend within the first element 1 and the second element 2. The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14, and to the first magnetic body 22 and the second magnetic body 24, respectively.

[0083] The non-reciprocal circuit element 103 of the third embodiment has excellent signal quality because it includes the ground conductor 3 between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2. Furthermore, the non-reciprocal circuit element 103 of the third embodiment has a small number of components and can be miniaturized because it shares a magnetic body between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2.

[0084] "Fourth Implementation Method"

[0085] Figure 9 It is a cross-sectional view of the nonreciprocal circuit element 104 according to the fourth embodiment. Figure 9 yz cross section passing through the center of the non-reciprocal circuit element 104 in the x direction. The non-reciprocal circuit element 104 includes a plurality of units U, a plurality of ground conductors G, a first magnetic body 4, a second magnetic body 5, and a housing 6. The non-reciprocal circuit element 104 of the fourth embodiment differs from the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment in that the number of units U is three. In the non-reciprocal circuit element 104 of the fourth embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same structures as those of the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment, and their descriptions are omitted.

[0086] Each unit U has the same structure as the first unit 1 or the second unit 2. One of the multiple units U is the first unit 1, and the other is the second unit 2. Each ground conductor G has the same structure as the ground conductor 3. One of the multiple ground conductors G is the ground conductor 3. The ground conductors G are located between adjacent units U.

[0087] The nonreciprocal circuit device 104 of the fourth embodiment has the same effects as the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 of the first embodiment, differing only in the number of cells. Although an example of three cells is shown here, the number of cells is not limited to this and may be four or more.

[0088] "Fifth Implementation Method"

[0089] Figure 10 It is a cross-sectional view of the nonreciprocal circuit element 105 according to the fifth embodiment. Figure 10 yz cross section passing through the center of the non-reciprocal circuit element 105 in the x direction. The non-reciprocal circuit element 105 includes a plurality of units U, a ground conductor G, a first magnetic body 4, a second magnetic body 5, and a housing 6. The non-reciprocal circuit element 105 of the fifth embodiment differs from the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment in that the number of units U is four. In the non-reciprocal circuit element 105 of the fifth embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same structures as those of the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment, and their descriptions are omitted.

[0090] The nonreciprocal circuit element 105 of the fifth embodiment includes a plurality of cells U. Each cell U has the same structure as the first cell 1 or the second cell 2. One of the plurality of cells U is the first cell 1, and the other is the second cell 2. A ground conductor G is located between the cells U. The ground conductor G has the same structure as the ground conductor 3.

[0091] As in the nonreciprocal circuit element 105 of the fifth embodiment, the units U may be a combination of units arranged in the same plane and units stacked in the stacking direction. The nonreciprocal circuit element 105 of the fifth embodiment differs only in the number of units and achieves the same effects as the nonreciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment. There is no restriction on the number of units in the nonreciprocal circuit element 105 of the fifth embodiment, nor is there any particular restriction on the number of units arranged in the xy plane or the number of units stacked in the z direction.

[0092] "Sixth Implementation Method"

[0093] Figure 11 It is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit element 106 according to the sixth embodiment. Figure 11 This is a yz cross section passing through the center of the non-reciprocal circuit element 106 in the x direction. The non-reciprocal circuit element 106 differs from the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment in that the orientation of the first unit 1 is different. In the non-reciprocal circuit element 106 of the sixth embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same structures as those of the non-reciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment, and their descriptions are omitted.

[0094] Figure 12 : is a perspective view of the non-reciprocal circuit element 106 of the sixth embodiment. In the non-reciprocal circuit element 106 of the sixth embodiment, the third terminal T3 of the first unit 1 faces the -y direction, and the third terminal T3 of the second unit 2 faces the +y direction. In this case, Figure 12 As shown, the input terminal 61 of the first unit 1 is provided on a different surface from the input terminal 61 of the second unit 2. Similarly, in this case, the output terminal 62 of the first unit 1 is provided on a different surface from the output terminal 62 of the second unit 2.

[0095] The nonreciprocal circuit element 106 of the sixth embodiment differs only in the orientation of the cells and achieves the same effects as the nonreciprocal circuit element 101 of the first embodiment. In the nonreciprocal circuit element 106 of the sixth embodiment, since the output terminal 62 of the first cell 1 and the input terminal 61 of the second cell 2 are provided on the same surface of the housing 6, it is easy to connect the first cell 1 and the second cell 2 in series.

[0096] "Seventh Implementation Method"

[0097] Figure 13 It is a cross-sectional view of the nonreciprocal circuit element 107 according to the seventh embodiment. Figure 13This is a yz cross section passing through the center of the non-reciprocal circuit element 107 in the x direction. The non-reciprocal circuit element 107 differs from the non-reciprocal circuit element 103 of the third embodiment in that the orientation of the first unit 1 is different. In the non-reciprocal circuit element 107 of the seventh embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same structures as those of the non-reciprocal circuit element 103 of the third embodiment, and their descriptions are omitted.

[0098] When the units are arranged in the in-plane direction, the orientation of the units is not particularly limited, as in the sixth embodiment. The adjacent units may be arranged so that the third terminals of the adjacent units face each other, or the units may be arranged in the opposite direction (see Figure 13 ).

[0099] The non-reciprocal circuit element 107 of the seventh embodiment has the same effect as the non-reciprocal circuit element 103 of the third embodiment except that the orientation of the cells is different. Figure 13 When the first magnetic bodies 12 of adjacent units are arranged on the side closer to the ground conductor 3 as in the nonreciprocal circuit element 107 shown, the sizes of the first magnetic body 4 and the second magnetic body 5 can be reduced.

[0100] "Eighth Implementation Method"

[0101] Figure 14 It is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit element 108 according to the eighth embodiment. Figure 14 The yz cross section passes through the center of the non-reciprocal circuit element 108 in the x direction. The non-reciprocal circuit element 108 includes, for example, a first unit 1, a second unit 2, a first magnet 4, a second magnet 5, and a housing 6. The non-reciprocal circuit element 108 differs from the non-reciprocal circuit element 103 of the third embodiment in that it does not include a ground conductor 3. In the non-reciprocal circuit element 108 of the eighth embodiment, the same components as those of the non-reciprocal circuit element 103 of the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted.

[0102] The first unit 1 and the second unit 2 are arranged at different positions within the xy plane. The first unit 1 and the second unit 2 are sufficiently separated to the extent that the electric field generated in the first unit 1 has little effect on the second unit 2. The sufficient separation to the extent that the electric field generated in the first unit 1 has little effect on the second unit 2 is, for example, 2 mm or more. If the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 are sufficiently separated, the current flowing in each of the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 will have little effect on the other unit. Therefore, in this case, the ground conductor 3 can also be removed.

[0103] In the non-reciprocal circuit element 108 of the eighth embodiment, the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 are sufficiently separated, which effectively suppresses crosstalk and thus provides excellent signal quality. Furthermore, the non-reciprocal circuit element 108 of the eighth embodiment has a shared magnetic body between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2, eliminating the need for a ground conductor 3 and thus requiring fewer components.

[0104] While an example of the first embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and various modifications are possible. For example, characteristic structures of the respective embodiments may be combined.

Claims

1. A nonreciprocal circuit element, wherein: The non-reciprocal circuit device includes a housing, a first unit, a second unit, a ground conductor, a first magnetic body, and a second magnetic body. The first unit, the second unit, the ground conductor, the first magnet, and the second magnet are accommodated in the housing. The ground conductor is located between the first unit and the second unit. The first magnet and the second magnet sandwich the first unit, the ground conductor, and the second unit. The first unit and the second unit each include a conductor, a first magnetic body, a first absorber, a second magnetic body, and a second absorber. The conductor includes a first terminal and a second terminal, In the first unit and the second unit, the first magnetic body and the second magnetic body sandwich a first region of the conductor extending between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the first absorber and the second absorber sandwich a second region of the conductor different from the first region.

2. The nonreciprocal circuit element according to claim 1, wherein The ground conductor is a non-magnetic body.

3. The nonreciprocal circuit element according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the ground conductor satisfies the following formula: d=(2r / ohm) 1 / 2 In the above formula, d is the film thickness of the ground conductor, ρ is the resistivity of the conductor, ω is the angular frequency of the current flowing in the conductor, and μ is the magnetic permeability of the conductor.

4. The nonreciprocal circuit element according to claim 1, wherein The non-reciprocal circuit element further comprises a third magnetic body, The third magnet is located inside the ground conductor. The third magnet faces the first magnet and the second magnet respectively.

5. The nonreciprocal circuit element according to claim 1, wherein The first unit is located at a position overlapping with the second unit in a stacking direction.

6. The nonreciprocal circuit element according to claim 1, wherein The first unit is located at a position not overlapping with the second unit in a stacking direction.

7. A quantum computer, wherein: The quantum computer includes the non-reciprocal circuit element according to claim 1.

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