Three-component acoustic signal acquisition system based on multi-core optical fiber

Abstract

The invention provides a three-component acoustic signal acquisition system based on a multi-core optical fiber, and relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, the system comprises a laser, an acoustic optical modulator, a signal driver, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a circulator, a filter, the multi-core optical fiber, a photoelectric detector, an acquisition card and a digital signal processing module; the laser is used for generating optical signals; the modulator is used for modulating the optical signal; the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the modulated signal, and the amplified optical signal enters the multi-core optical fiber through the circulator; the signal driver is used for controlling the modulator; the detector is used for detecting multi-channel signals returned from the multi-core optical fiber; the acquisition card is used for acquiring multichannel signals of the detector; and the digital signal processing module is used for processing the multi-channel signal through a frequency domain rotation method so as to realize real-time analysis and processing of the sensing signal. According to the technical scheme, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the three-component sound wave signals are effectively collected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of optical fiber sensing technology, and in particular to a three-component acoustic wave signal acquisition system based on multi-core optical fiber. Background Art

[0002] The fiber-optic distributed sensing system is an innovative sensing technology that uses optical fiber as both a sensor and a signal transmission medium. This technology primarily includes distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS). DAS, as an emerging seismic signal observation method, has garnered widespread attention in recent years due to its high-density and low-cost features.

[0003] Conventional distributed fiber acoustic sensing (DAS) technology typically utilizes the fiber's sensitivity to axial strain to acquire a single-component signal. However, DAS technology is being considered for three-component signal acquisition. Three-component signal acquisition typically requires a helical winding of the optical fiber. When winding at different angles, the axial position of the fiber inevitably varies, resulting in varying sensitivity to vibration signals in the X, Y, and Z directions. This provides a theoretical basis for using helically wound optical fibers to acquire three-component vibration signals in distributed acoustic sensing.

[0004] In fiber optic transmission, coherent fading is a common problem, especially when using coherent detection technology (such as Φ-OTDR). By averaging the signals of multiple channels, the impact of coherent fading can be effectively suppressed, the stability and reliability of the signal can be enhanced, and the accuracy of the sensing data can be ensured. Based on this theory, it is possible to consider applying the DAS technology of spirally winding optical fiber to collect three components of the signal on multi-core optical fiber. The design of multi-core optical fiber allows multiple cores to transmit signals simultaneously. Each core may be affected by noise to varying degrees. By treating each core as a different transmission channel and averaging the signals of each core, the noise caused by signal fluctuations in a single core can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the overall signal quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-component acoustic wave signal acquisition system based on multi-core optical fiber in order to solve the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired signal in the existing three-component acquisition technology.

[0006] The above-mentioned purpose of this application is achieved through the following technical solutions: The system includes: laser, acousto-optic modulator, signal driver, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, circulator, filter, multi-core fiber, photodetector, acquisition card and digital signal processing module; The output of the laser is connected to the input of the modulator; The output end of the modulator is connected to the input end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier; The output end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connected to the first input end of the circulator; The output end of the circulator is connected to one end of the multi-core optical fiber; The other end of the multi-core optical fiber is connected to the second input end of the circulator; The third input terminal of the circulator is connected to the first output terminal of the photodetector; The second output terminal of the photoelectric detector is connected to the first input terminal of the acquisition card; The second input terminal of the acquisition card is connected to the signal driver; The other end of the signal driver is connected to the modulator; The acquisition card is connected to the digital signal processing module; Lasers are used to generate optical signals; The modulator is used to modulate the optical signal; the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used to amplify the modulated signal, and the amplified optical signal enters the multi-core optical fiber through the circulator; The signal driver is used to control the modulator; the detector is used to detect the multi-channel signal returned from the multi-core optical fiber; The acquisition card is used to collect multi-channel signals from the detector; The digital signal processing module is used to process multi-channel signals by frequency domain rotation method to realize real-time analysis and processing of sensor signals.

[0007] The multi-core optical fiber adopts a spirally wound optical fiber structure design, and the geometric parameters of the multi-core optical fiber include: pitch, winding angle, optical fiber core diameter, number of optical cores and core spacing; The optical fiber cores of each of the multi-core optical fibers have the same refractive index.

[0008] The geometric parameter step of the multi-core optical fiber includes: Perform responsivity analysis on multi-core optical fibers; According to the results of responsivity analysis, the winding angle of the multi-core optical fiber is obtained using the pitch integration method; According to the winding angle and in combination with the relationship between the geometric parameters of the multi-core optical fiber and the winding angle, the parameter setting ranges of the remaining geometric parameters are determined.

[0009] The digital signal processing module uses the frequency domain rotation method to process the multi-channel signals collected by the acquisition card. The specific steps are as follows: Convert the multi-channel signal from the time domain to the frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain the frequency domain signal; Select a frequency domain signal as a reference signal, rotate the frequency domain of each multi-channel signal toward the reference signal, average the frequency domain expressions of each multi-channel signal after the rotation vector and then take the modulus, align them using the phase information of the reference signal, and reconstruct a new frequency domain signal; Perform inverse Fourier transform on the new frequency domain signal to obtain a new signal sequence with the same number of channels as the original one.

[0010] The digital signal processing module uses the frequency domain rotation method to process the multi-channel signals collected by the acquisition card. The specific steps are as follows: Convert the multi-channel signal from the time domain to the frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain the frequency domain signal; Select a frequency domain signal as a reference signal, rotate the frequency domain of each multi-channel signal toward the reference signal, average the frequency domain expressions of each multi-channel signal after the rotation vector and then take the modulus, align them using the phase information of the reference signal, and reconstruct a new frequency domain signal; Perform inverse Fourier transform on the new frequency domain signal to obtain a new signal sequence with the same number of channels as the original one.

[0011] The steps of performing noise reduction processing on the three-component signals of the optical fiber axial signal by the digital signal processing module include: The integration is performed with one pitch of the spirally wound optical fiber as the unit, and the three-component signals are averaged; According to the solved three-component signal The value of rotation angle and winding angle ; The winding angle of the helically wound optical fiber is a constant value; A pitch between 0 and So from 0 to right The integration treats each fiber pitch as a unit:

[0012] in Indicates time; Assuming that the number of cores of a multi-core optical fiber is N, the component and quantity The average noise reduction formula is:

[0013] Quantity The average noise reduction formula is:

[0014] in Represents the signal value measured in the kth fiber core.

[0015] An electronic device includes a processor, a memory, a user interface, and a network interface. The memory is used to store instructions, the user interface and the network interface are used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory so that the electronic device performs a three-component acoustic wave signal acquisition method based on a multi-core optical fiber.

[0016] A computer-readable storage medium stores instructions. When the instructions are executed, a three-component acoustic wave signal acquisition method based on a multi-core optical fiber is executed.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this application are: 1. By designing the multi-core optical fiber parameters and determining the winding angle of the multi-core optical fiber, the distributed acoustic wave sensing system designed in this application can effectively collect three-component signals. The optical signal generated by the laser is first modulated by the modulator and then enters the erbium-doped fiber amplifier to achieve signal amplification. The amplified optical signal is transmitted to the multi-core optical fiber through the circulator, thereby realizing distributed sensing. The signal driver plays a key role in controlling the operation of the modulator in this process, while the detector is responsible for capturing the optical signal returned from the multi-core optical fiber. The returned optical signal is then collected and processed by the acquisition card to realize real-time analysis of the sensing signal.

[0018] 2. Signal processing is performed through multiple channels to achieve the purpose of noise reduction, which significantly improves the system's ease of operation and work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which: Figure 1 This is a system connection diagram in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for reducing optical sensing noise of a multi-core optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is the process of the multi-core optical fiber optical sensing noise reduction method in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-core optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of signals collected in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of three-component signals decrypted based on a multi-core optical fiber in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of noise reduction based on multi-core optical fiber in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8is a schematic diagram of noise reduction based on the averaging method and the frequency domain rotation vector method in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the layout of a multi-core optical fiber in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of this application, the specific implementation methods of this application are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] The embodiments of the present application provide a method for collecting three-component acoustic wave signals based on a multi-core optical fiber.

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a system connection diagram of a three-component acoustic wave signal acquisition method based on a multi-core optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present application, including: a laser, an acousto-optic modulator, a signal driver, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a circulator, a filter, a multi-core optical fiber, a photodetector, an acquisition card, and a digital signal processing module; The output of the laser is connected to the input of the modulator; The output end of the modulator is connected to the input end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier; The output end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connected to the first input end of the circulator; The output end of the circulator is connected to one end of the multi-core optical fiber; The other end of the multi-core optical fiber is connected to the second input end of the circulator; The third input terminal of the circulator is connected to the first output terminal of the photodetector; The second output terminal of the photoelectric detector is connected to the first input terminal of the acquisition card; The second input terminal of the acquisition card is connected to the signal driver; The other end of the signal driver is connected to the modulator; The acquisition card is connected to the digital signal processing module; Lasers are used to generate optical signals; The modulator is used to modulate the optical signal; the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used to amplify the modulated signal, and the amplified optical signal enters the multi-core optical fiber through the circulator; The signal driver is used to control the modulator; the detector is used to detect the multi-channel signal returned from the multi-core optical fiber; The acquisition card is used to collect multi-channel signals from the detector; The digital signal processing module is used to process multi-channel signals by frequency domain rotation method to realize real-time analysis and processing of sensor signals.

[0023] This application adopts the above-mentioned technical solution to design the parameters of the multi-core optical fiber to control the acquisition of the three-component signal, then uses the distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology to collect the signal, combines the geometric structure of the spirally wound optical fiber to solve the three-component acoustic wave signal, and finally processes the signal through the multi-channel characteristics of the multi-core optical fiber, thereby effectively suppressing noise interference.

[0024] As an example, Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the optical signal generated by the laser is first modulated by a modulator and then amplified by an EDFA. The amplified optical signal then passes through a circulator and enters a multi-core optical fiber for distributed sensing. A signal driver controls the operation of the modulator, while a detector detects the optical signal returning from the multi-core fiber. The signal detected by the detector is collected and processed by an acquisition card, ultimately enabling real-time analysis and processing of the sensor signals.

[0025] The multi-core optical fiber adopts a spirally wound optical fiber structure design, and the geometric parameters of the multi-core optical fiber include: pitch, winding angle, optical fiber core diameter, number of optical cores and core spacing; The optical fiber cores of each of the multi-core optical fibers have the same refractive index.

[0026] As an example, the pitch, as a periodic parameter of the core winding in a multi-core optical fiber, is crucial for the precise control of the winding angle. Reasonable pitch settings can enable the cores to maintain a stable arrangement during the winding process, thereby improving the accuracy and consistency of signal acquisition. If the pitch is too short and the cores are wound too tightly, the flexibility of the optical fiber may be reduced, affecting its laying and maintenance in practical applications; if the pitch is too long, the signal coupling between the cores may be weakened, reducing the quality of the collected signal. Therefore, when designing the pitch, accurate calculation and optimization are required based on the specific signal acquisition requirements and optical fiber application scenarios.

[0027] As an example, the winding angle of the spiral fiber core has a significant impact on the acquisition effect of each component. The size of the winding angle directly determines the signal acquisition accuracy and efficiency. However, the winding angle does not exist in isolation; it is closely related to parameters such as the diameter and pitch of the multi-core fiber. Therefore, how to reasonably design the diameter, pitch, number of cores, and core spacing of the multi-core fiber has become a key issue in improving the performance of multi-core fiber three-component acquisition technology.

[0028] As an example, the design of the number of fiber cores also has a significant impact on three-component acquisition technology. The greater the number of fiber cores, the more signal components that can theoretically be collected, thereby improving signal integrity and accuracy. However, increasing the number of fiber cores also increases the complexity and cost of the fiber manufacturing process. At the same time, too many fiber cores may increase signal interference within the fiber, reducing the signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, when designing the number of fiber cores, it is necessary to find a balance between signal acquisition requirements and fiber manufacturing costs to achieve optimal signal acquisition results.

[0029] As an example, core spacing is the distance between adjacent cores in a multi-core optical fiber, which has a direct impact on signal isolation and coupling. A reasonable core spacing can effectively reduce signal interference between cores and improve signal purity and stability. If the core spacing is too small, signal coupling between cores will increase, leading to signal distortion and increased noise. Excessive core spacing can reduce the fiber's integration density and transmission efficiency. Therefore, when designing the core spacing, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the signal acquisition accuracy requirements and the fiber manufacturing process limitations to achieve optimal signal isolation and coupling.

[0030] Therefore, improving the performance of multi-core fiber three-component acquisition technology requires careful design and optimization of key parameters such as diameter, pitch, number of cores, and core spacing. By properly adjusting these parameters, the accuracy and efficiency of signal acquisition can be effectively improved.

[0031] In one embodiment, the geometric parameters of a multi-core optical fiber are optimized to enable independent acquisition and transmission of three-component acoustic signals. Each optical fiber core has the same refractive index. By leveraging the fiber's geometric properties and a computational model, the three components (x, y, z) of the acoustic signal can be extracted, achieving precise signal decomposition.

[0032] As an example, multi-core optical fiber uses multiple cores and utilizes the spatial separation provided by multiple parallel cores for signal transmission to implement space-division multiplexing technology. By averaging the signal strength of multiple channels, signal quality is optimized, Gaussian noise interference is reduced, and data reliability is improved. In multi-core optical fiber space-division multiplexing technology, the signal transmission paths of each optical fiber core are independent, and the averaging of signal strength effectively suppresses random noise and improves the system's anti-interference capability.

[0033] The geometric parameter step of the multi-core optical fiber includes: Perform responsivity analysis on multi-core optical fibers; According to the results of responsivity analysis, the winding angle of the multi-core optical fiber is obtained using the pitch integration method; According to the winding angle and in combination with the relationship between the geometric parameters of the multi-core optical fiber and the winding angle, the parameter setting ranges of the remaining geometric parameters are determined.

[0034] As an example, the pitch of a multi-core optical fiber is calculated based on the diameter and winding angle of the optical fiber. The formula is as follows:

[0035] in is the winding angle, is the radius of the optical fiber, is the pitch.

[0036] In the design of multi-core optical fibers, the fiber diameter, pitch, and core spacing are key parameters that collectively determine the fiber's wrap angle. The wrap angle is the angle between the fiber and a reference plane when it is wound in space. This angle directly affects the ability of optical fiber sensors to fully capture the three-component signal. To ensure adequate acquisition of the three-component signal, these parameters typically require careful adjustment and optimization.

[0037] As an embodiment, the optimal winding angle of 36.34° can be obtained through this design method. This design can ensure that the optical fiber's perception ability of the three-component vibration signal is in a balanced state. Setting the diameter of the multi-core optical fiber between 1mm and 3mm can provide sufficient space to accommodate multiple optical fiber cores while ensuring the mechanical strength and flexibility of the optical fiber. The pitch, that is, the distance between two adjacent turns of the optical fiber when winding, is set between 5mm and 20mm, which can effectively control the winding angle so that it is within a range that is conducive to signal acquisition. In addition, the core spacing, that is, the distance between the optical fiber cores, is set between 0.25mm and 1mm, which can ensure that the signals between the optical fiber cores do not interfere with each other, and at the same time facilitate the processing and integration of the optical fiber. The design of the above parameters can ensure that the optical fiber sensor can fully collect the three-component signal, which can improve the performance and accuracy of the optical fiber sensor, and are all within the scope of protection of the rights.

[0038] In this embodiment, a multi-core optical fiber can be designed according to the above scheme. The multi-core optical fiber in this embodiment is a five-core optical fiber with a diameter of 1 mm. Figure 4 Specifically, the distance between the surrounding spiral cores is 0.70710678 mm, the distance from the surrounding spiral cores to the central straight fiber is 0.5 mm, the winding angle of the spiral core is 1.10714872 rad, and the pitch of the spiral fiber is 6.28318531 mm.

[0039] In this embodiment, signal data is collected based on a distributed sensing system of a multi-core optical fiber. The time domain and frequency domain of the collected signal in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0040] In this embodiment, the three-component signal is solved according to the geometric structure of the multi-core optical fiber. The time domain and frequency domain of the three-component signal in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 6 shown.

[0041] In this embodiment, averaging is performed based on the multi-channel characteristics of the multi-core optical fiber. The time domain and frequency domain of the averaged signal in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 7 shown.

[0042] In this embodiment, signal processing is performed based on the multi-channel characteristics of the multi-core optical fiber. The averaging method and the frequency domain rotation vector method are used for processing respectively. The original signal and the signal after the averaging method and the frequency domain rotation vector method are shown in FIG. Figure 8 shown.

[0043] In this embodiment, according to the cross section of the multi-core optical fiber, Figure 9 As shown. Represents the diameter of the multi-core optical fiber. Indicates the fiber core to the core distance.

[0044] The digital signal processing module uses the frequency domain rotation method to process the multi-channel signals collected by the acquisition card. The specific steps are as follows: Convert the multi-channel signal from the time domain to the frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain the frequency domain signal; Select a frequency domain signal as a reference signal, rotate the frequency domain of each multi-channel signal toward the reference signal, average the frequency domain expressions of each multi-channel signal after the rotation vector and then take the modulus, align them using the phase information of the reference signal, and reconstruct a new frequency domain signal; Perform inverse Fourier transform on the new frequency domain signal to obtain a new signal sequence with the same number of channels as the original one.

[0045] The multi-core optical fiber is composed of a central straight optical fiber and a plurality of spirally wound optical fibers arranged in parallel around it; The new signal sequence of the spirally wound optical fiber is demodulated by the digital signal processing module. The steps are as follows: Assume that the axial signal of the spirally wound optical fiber is , the corresponding three-component signals are , projecting the three components onto the axial direction yields the calculation formula for the optical fiber axial signal:

[0046] in To correspond Direction cosines:

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] in , , is the angle between the n-axis and the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, which is determined by the rotation angle and winding angle Calculated; n axis is the axial direction;

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] The least squares method is used to solve the three-component signal of the optical fiber axial signal, and the calculation formula of the optical fiber axial signal is written in matrix form as follows:

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] in is the direction cosine matrix; is a three-component signal matrix; Solving for three-component signal using least squares method ;

[0056] in is the transpose of the direction cosine matrix.

[0057] The steps of performing noise reduction processing on the three-component signals of the optical fiber axial signal by the digital signal processing module include: As an example, the design of a multi-core optical fiber enables multiple cores to transmit signals simultaneously. Since each core may be subject to varying degrees of noise interference, each core can be regarded as an independent transmission channel. By performing weighted averaging on the signals of each core, the noise caused by fluctuations in the signal of a single core can be effectively suppressed, thereby significantly improving the quality of the overall signal. A multi-core optical fiber consists of a central straight core and multiple spiral cores arranged in parallel around it. Therefore, the number of transmission channels for the z component is one more than that for the x and y components. After weighted averaging, the signal accuracy of the z component should be better than that of the x and y components.

[0058] The integration is performed with one pitch of the spirally wound optical fiber as the unit, and the three-component signals are averaged; According to the solved three-component signal The value of rotation angle and winding angle ; The winding angle of the helically wound optical fiber is a constant value; A pitch between 0 and So from 0 to right The integration treats each fiber pitch as a unit:

[0059] in Indicates time; Assuming that the number of cores of a multi-core optical fiber is N, the component and quantity The average noise reduction formula is:

[0060] Quantity The average noise reduction formula is:

[0061] in Represents the signal value measured in the kth fiber core.

[0062] As an example, please refer to Figure 2 Because the response of the three components is closely related to the response of the wrap angle, the wrap angle is first determined based on the radius and pitch of the multi-core fiber. To normalize the response of the three components, the integration of one period of one fiber pitch is performed to represent the response of one component. Based on the multi-channel nature of multi-core fiber, the three component signals are averaged to achieve noise reduction.

[0063] This application also discloses an electronic device. Figure 10 , Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device disclosed in an embodiment of the present application. The electronic device 500 may include: at least one processor 501, at least one network interface 504, a user interface 503, a memory 505, and at least one communication bus 502.

[0064] The communication bus 502 is used to implement the connection and communication between these components.

[0065] The user interface 503 may include a display screen, and the optional user interface 503 may also include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface.

[0066] The network interface 504 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface).

[0067] The present application also discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a plurality of instructions suitable for loading by a processor to execute the above-mentioned method for collecting three-component acoustic wave signals based on a multi-core optical fiber.

[0068] The above are merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, any equivalent changes and modifications made according to the teachings of the present disclosure are still within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0069] This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not described herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, and the scope and spirit of the present disclosure are to be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A three-component acoustic wave signal acquisition system based on multi-core optical fiber, characterized in that: The system includes: a laser, an acousto-optic modulator, a signal driver, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a circulator, a filter, a multi-core optical fiber, a photodetector, an acquisition card and a digital signal processing module; The output of the laser is connected to the input of the modulator; The output end of the modulator is connected to the input end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier; The output end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connected to the first input end of the circulator; The output end of the circulator is connected to one end of the multi-core optical fiber; The other end of the multi-core optical fiber is connected to the second input end of the circulator; The third input terminal of the circulator is connected to the first output terminal of the photodetector; The second output terminal of the photoelectric detector is connected to the first input terminal of the acquisition card; The second input terminal of the acquisition card is connected to the signal driver; The other end of the signal driver is connected to the modulator; The acquisition card is connected to the digital signal processing module; Lasers are used to generate optical signals; The modulator is used to modulate the optical signal; the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used to amplify the modulated signal, and the amplified optical signal enters the multi-core optical fiber through the circulator; The signal driver is used to control the modulator; the detector is used to detect the multi-channel signal returned from the multi-core optical fiber; The acquisition card is used to collect multi-channel signals from the detector; The digital signal processing module is used to process multi-channel signals by frequency domain rotation method to realize real-time analysis and processing of sensor signals.

2. A three-component acoustic wave signal acquisition system based on a multi-core optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-core optical fiber adopts a spirally wound optical fiber structure design, and the geometric parameters of the multi-core optical fiber include: pitch, winding angle, optical fiber core diameter, number of optical cores and core spacing; The optical fiber cores of each of the multi-core optical fibers have the same refractive index.

3. A three-component acoustic wave signal acquisition system based on multi-core optical fiber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The geometric parameter step of the multi-core optical fiber includes: Perform responsivity analysis on multi-core optical fibers; According to the results of responsivity analysis, the winding angle of the multi-core optical fiber is obtained using the pitch integration method; According to the winding angle and in combination with the relationship between the geometric parameters of the multi-core optical fiber and the winding angle, the parameter setting ranges of the remaining geometric parameters are determined.

4. The method for collecting three-component acoustic wave signals based on a multi-core optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein: The digital signal processing module uses the frequency domain rotation method to process the multi-channel signals collected by the acquisition card. The specific steps are as follows: Convert the multi-channel signal from the time domain to the frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain the frequency domain signal; Select a frequency domain signal as a reference signal, rotate the frequency domain of each multi-channel signal toward the reference signal, average the frequency domain expressions of each multi-channel signal after the rotation vector and then take the modulus, align them using the phase information of the reference signal, and reconstruct a new frequency domain signal; Perform inverse Fourier transform on the new frequency domain signal to obtain a new signal sequence with the same number of channels as the original one.

5. The method for collecting three-component acoustic wave signals based on a multi-core optical fiber according to claim 4, wherein: The multi-core optical fiber is composed of a central straight optical fiber and a plurality of spirally wound optical fibers arranged in parallel around it; The new signal sequence of the spirally wound optical fiber is demodulated by the digital signal processing module. The steps are as follows: Assume that the axial signal of the spirally wound optical fiber is , the corresponding three-component signals are , projecting the three components onto the axial direction yields the calculation formula for the optical fiber axial signal: in To correspond Direction cosines: in , , is the angle between the n-axis and the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, which is determined by the rotation angle and winding angle Calculated; n axis is the axial direction; The least squares method is used to solve the three-component signal of the optical fiber axial signal, and the calculation formula of the optical fiber axial signal is written in matrix form as follows: in is the direction cosine matrix; is a three-component signal matrix; Solving for three-component signal using least squares method ; in is the transpose of the direction cosine matrix.

6. The method for collecting three-component acoustic wave signals based on a multi-core optical fiber according to claim 5, wherein: The steps of performing noise reduction processing on the three-component signals of the optical fiber axial signal by the digital signal processing module include: The integration is performed with one pitch of the spirally wound optical fiber as the unit, and the three-component signals are averaged; According to the solved three-component signal The value of rotation angle and winding angle ; The winding angle of the helically wound optical fiber is a constant value; A pitch between 0 and So from 0 to right The integration treats each fiber pitch as a unit: in Indicates time; Assuming that the number of cores of a multi-core optical fiber is N, the component and quantity The average noise reduction formula is: Quantity The average noise reduction formula is: in Represents the signal value measured in the kth fiber core.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that: It includes a processor, a memory, a user interface and a network interface, the memory is used to store instructions, the user interface and the network interface are used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory so that the electronic device executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed by a computer, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is executed.

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