Multi-string battery cell charging equalization method, device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-string battery cell charging equalization method, device and equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a proportional sampling signal generated by each battery cell through a voltage sampling voltage division circuit, comparing the proportional sampling signal with a reference voltage of a corresponding battery cell reference source, and obtaining corresponding voltage offset information; adjusting a threshold value of a threshold control voltage of the adjustable potentiometer according to the voltage offset information, and judging whether each battery cell meets a balance starting standard or not; bias control is carried out on a base electrode of a switching tube connected with the target battery cell in parallel, and a current limiting resistor and an indicating LED are combined to generate a balanced branch current path; a clamping diode assembly is connected in series in a current path of an equalization branch, voltage drop control is carried out on equalization current of an emitter of a switch tube, and the voltage of a target cell is controlled to be a threshold voltage of an equalization starting standard. According to the invention, the voltage of each battery cell is controlled to be the balanced voltage by adopting the balanced branch current path, the consistency of the voltage between the battery cells is ensured, and the charging and discharging efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and storage medium for charging and balancing multiple battery strings. Background Art

[0002] Lithium-ion battery packs, now widely used in power tools and light electric transportation devices (such as electric scooters and electric bicycles), typically utilize multiple lithium-ion cells connected in series. However, due to subtle differences in manufacturing processes, aging rates, and temperature environments, these cells inevitably experience voltage inconsistencies over long periods of operation, impacting the charge and discharge efficiency, available capacity, and even safety of the entire battery pack. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application provides a multi-string battery cell charging equalization method, device, equipment and storage medium for solving the problem in the related art that the voltage inconsistency between the cells in the multi-string connected lithium battery structure affects the charging and discharging efficiency.

[0004] A first aspect of the present application provides a multi-string battery cell charging and balancing method, the multi-string battery cell charging and balancing method comprising: A proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell is obtained through a preset voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit; and the proportional sampling signal is compared with the reference voltage of the corresponding battery cell reference source to obtain the voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell; Adjusting the threshold of the adjustable potentiometer threshold control voltage configured in the voltage sampling and voltage dividing circuit according to the voltage offset information to determine whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard; When a target cell meets the balanced startup standard, the base of the switch tube connected in parallel with the target cell is biased and a balanced branch current path is generated in combination with a current limiting resistor and an indicator LED; By connecting a clamping diode component in series in the balancing branch current path, the voltage drop of the balancing current of the switch emitter is controlled, and the voltage of the target cell is controlled to be at the threshold voltage of the balancing start standard.

[0005] Optionally, in a first implementation of the first aspect of the present application, the step of obtaining a proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell through a preset voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit; and comparing the proportional sampling signal with a reference reference voltage of a corresponding battery cell reference source to obtain voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell includes: By connecting the positive and negative electrodes of each battery cell to the input of the voltage divider network and selecting a series resistor with a limited proportional coefficient to divide the battery cell voltage, a corresponding proportional voltage signal is generated; By comparing the proportional voltage signal with the output voltage of the corresponding reference source, an offset level signal related to the voltage of each battery cell is generated; According to the offset level signal, the threshold driving voltage is output by adjusting the resistance of an adjustable potentiometer connected to the reference input terminal of the reference source; By performing polarity and amplitude analysis on the threshold driving voltage, voltage offset information of the corresponding battery cell is obtained.

[0006] Optionally, in a second implementation of the first aspect of the present application, the step of adjusting the threshold of the adjustable potentiometer threshold control voltage configured in the voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit according to the voltage offset information to determine whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard includes: Performing signal matching with a preset reference comparison structure based on the offset level signal of the voltage offset information to generate a pre-judgment level corresponding to the voltage state of each battery cell; By adjusting the resistance of the adjustable potentiometer connected to the pre-judgment level, the pre-judgment level is subjected to voltage curve conversion processing, and an intermediate control voltage of the driving voltage threshold judgment logic is output; combining characteristic curve data of the intermediate control voltage and a reference voltage source, and generating a dynamic voltage division intersection point at the potentiometer node to generate a dynamic threshold voltage independently associated with the voltage state of each cell; Whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard is determined according to the deviation amplitude between the dynamic threshold voltage and the offset level.

[0007] Optionally, in a third implementation of the first aspect of the present application, when a target cell meets the balanced startup standard, the step of biasing the base of the switch tube connected in parallel with the target cell, and combining a current limiting resistor and an indicator LED to generate a balanced branch current path includes: When there is a target cell that meets the balanced start-up standard, obtaining a threshold drive determination voltage signal of the target cell according to the deviation amplitude; Generate a bias control trigger voltage that matches the target cell voltage state by superimposing the threshold drive determination voltage signal with a front-stage bias network of a node connected to the base control terminal of the switch tube; By applying the bias control trigger voltage to the base region of the switch tube, the switch tube is driven to establish a conducting state, and combined with the current limiting resistor structure, a balanced current conduction path is determined from the positive electrode of the target battery cell to the negative electrode of the system; A balanced branch current path is generated according to the balanced current conduction path in combination with the instructing LED component.

[0008] Optionally, in a fourth implementation of the first aspect of the present application, the step of controlling the voltage drop of the balancing current of the emitter of the switching tube by connecting a clamping diode component in series in the balancing branch current path, and controlling the voltage of the target cell to the threshold voltage of the balancing startup standard includes: determining a current on-state determination voltage in the balancing branch current path according to a potential difference between a bias control trigger voltage obtained by the base of the switch tube and the emitter connection node; By connecting a clamping diode component in series to the balancing branch current path, controlling the conduction state of the clamping component according to the current conduction state determination voltage, a voltage drop control path with a unidirectional conduction property is generated; The forward voltage drops of the clamping diodes at each stage in the voltage drop control path are superimposed and analyzed to obtain the voltage drop amplitude of the balanced current acting on the emitter end of the switch tube, and the dynamic voltage limiting node of the output terminal potential is determined in combination with the current terminal voltage value of the target battery cell; The potential difference amplitude of the dynamic voltage limit node is compared with the threshold voltage of the balanced startup standard to generate the voltage clamp limit of the target battery cell port, and the target battery cell is controlled to maintain the working state corresponding to the threshold voltage.

[0009] Optionally, in a fifth implementation of the first aspect of the present application, after the step of determining the current on-state determination voltage in the balancing branch current path based on the potential difference between the bias control trigger voltage obtained by the base of the switching tube and the emitter connection node, the step further includes: Acquire the conduction section voltage drop information between the emitter of the switch tube and the negative electrode of the system according to the potential difference; Determining a series starting bias interval of the clamping diode assembly by matching and analyzing the conduction section voltage drop information with the threshold drive determination voltage signal of the target battery cell; According to the series starting bias interval, a clamping diode component with constant forward conduction characteristics and threshold voltage constraint characteristics is selected.

[0010] Optionally, in a sixth implementation of the first aspect of the present application, the method further includes: Obtaining a cell combination satisfying a voltage deviation greater than a first threshold interval according to the voltage offset information, and performing position indexing processing on the cell combination in combination with a physical arrangement order to generate a corresponding target cell pair within the module; By performing an amplitude analysis on the voltage difference between the target battery cell pairs in the module, a corresponding charge transfer path is determined, and an energy storage inductor component and a bidirectional control switch are inserted into the charge transfer path to construct an energy transmission loop; generating a driving signal timing sequence for the bidirectional control switch according to a relationship between the voltage difference and the potential of a node in the charge transfer path, and controlling the bidirectional control switch to be in an on or off state by adjusting the width and switching the polarity of the driving signal timing sequence; By periodically controlling the energy storage and release of the energy storage inductor in the energy transmission circuit, a magnetic energy and charge coupling relationship is alternately established between the high-voltage battery cell and the low-voltage battery cell, and charge balancing control is performed through the periodic transfer of charge within the module.

[0011] A second aspect of the present application provides a multi-string battery cell charging and balancing device, which is used to implement a multi-string battery cell charging and balancing method. The multi-string battery cell charging and balancing device includes: An acquisition module is used to obtain a proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell through a preset voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit; and compare the proportional sampling signal with the reference voltage of the corresponding battery cell reference source to obtain voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell; a judgment module, configured to adjust the threshold value of the threshold control voltage of the adjustable potentiometer configured in the voltage sampling and voltage dividing circuit according to the voltage offset information, and judge whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard; A generation module is used to bias the base of the switch tube connected in parallel with the target cell when there is a target cell that meets the balanced startup standard, and to generate a balanced branch current path in combination with a current limiting resistor and an indicator LED; The control module is used to control the voltage drop of the balancing current of the switch tube emitter by connecting a clamping diode component in series in the balancing branch current path, so as to control the voltage of the target battery cell to the threshold voltage of the balancing start standard.

[0012] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the processor is used to execute a computer program stored in the memory. When the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements the steps of the multi-string battery cell charging balancing method provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application.

[0013] A fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, each step of the multi-string battery cell charging balancing method provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application is implemented.

[0014] In summary, according to the multi-string battery cell charging balancing method, device, equipment and storage medium provided by the present application, a proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell is obtained through a preset voltage sampling divider circuit; and the proportional sampling signal is compared with the reference reference voltage of the corresponding battery cell reference source to obtain the voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell; the threshold value of the adjustable potentiometer threshold control voltage configured in the voltage sampling divider circuit is adjusted according to the voltage offset information to determine whether each battery cell meets the balanced start-up standard; when there is a target battery cell that meets the balanced start-up standard, the base of the switch tube connected in parallel with the target battery cell is biased and controlled, and a balanced branch current path is generated in combination with a current limiting resistor and an indicator LED; by connecting a clamping diode component in series in the balanced branch current path, the voltage drop of the balanced current of the emitter of the switch tube is controlled to control the voltage of the target battery cell to the threshold voltage of the balanced start-up standard. Through the implementation of the present application, the voltage of each battery cell is controlled at the balanced voltage by using the balanced branch current path, ensuring the consistency of the voltage between the battery cells and effectively improving the charging and discharging efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-string battery cell charging and balancing circuit according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a multi-string battery cell charging equalization method provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a program module of a multi-string battery cell charging and balancing device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, features, and advantages of the invention of this application more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a multi-string battery cell charging and balancing circuit provided in this embodiment. Cells CELL1 and CELL2 are battery cells, R1-R6 are current-limiting resistors, RP1 and RP2 are adjustable potentiometers that can adjust the balancing start voltage, U1 and U2 are reference sources, Q1 and Q2 are switches that are turned on when the cell voltage reaches the set balancing start voltage, D1-D6 are clamping diodes, and LED1 and LED2 are used to indicate the balancing start. The LEDs illuminate when the balancing circuit is operating. Taking cell CELL1 as an example, the balancing start voltage can be controlled by adjusting the resistance value of RP1 to control the magnitude of U1's reference voltage, thereby controlling the threshold for Q1 to turn on. During normal operation, cell CELL1 is charged, Q1 is in the off state and does not conduct, and LED1 does not illuminate. When the cell voltage reaches the balancing start voltage, Q1 conducts a portion of the current through R2 to limit the current to LED1, and leads the remaining current through D1-D3 to the common negative electrode, thereby clamping. Similarly, when charging the battery cell CELL2, the above working principle is also followed. Even if more battery cells are subsequently installed, the voltage of the battery cells can also be balanced through this circuit.

[0018] In order to solve the problem in the related art that the voltage inconsistency between the cells of the multi-series connected lithium battery structure affects the charging and discharging efficiency, the embodiment of the present application provides a multi-series battery charging balancing method, such as Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a multi-string battery cell charging and balancing method provided in this embodiment. The multi-string battery cell charging and balancing method includes the following steps: Step 110: Obtain a proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell through a preset voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit; and compare the proportional sampling signal with the reference voltage of the corresponding battery cell reference source to obtain voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell.

[0019] Specifically, in this embodiment, the proportional sampling signal refers to a low-voltage signal derived from the higher-voltage cell terminal voltage via a voltage divider circuit. This signal maintains a proportional relationship with the original voltage. By connecting a voltage-divider resistor network between the positive and negative terminals of the cell, the high voltage is reduced to a low-voltage signal at a set ratio suitable for subsequent comparison circuit processing. The resistance ratio of the voltage-divider resistors determines the accuracy of the output proportional voltage. Proper design ensures that voltage changes in different cells are accurately mapped to low-voltage side signals, providing basic data for subsequent judgment. The proportional sampling signal is compared with the reference voltage of the corresponding cell reference source to obtain voltage offset information for each cell. This is achieved by comparing the cell sampled voltage with a fixed voltage standard using a programmable voltage reference device (such as a TL431) or other reference source. The reference voltage represents the ideal voltage level that the cell is expected to achieve. By inputting the sampling signal and this reference value into a comparator or reference control device, an offset level reflecting the voltage difference is obtained at its output. The offset level signal reflects whether the battery cell is in an overvoltage state and serves as a direct basis for whether to initiate the subsequent balancing action, realizing voltage state recognition without MCU control.

[0020] In an optional implementation of the present embodiment, a proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell is obtained by a preset voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit; and the proportional sampling signal is combined with the reference reference voltage of the corresponding battery cell reference source for comparison to obtain the voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell, including: connecting the positive and negative poles of each battery cell to the input end of the voltage divider network, and selecting a series resistor with a limited proportional coefficient to divide the battery cell voltage to generate a corresponding proportional voltage signal; by comparing the proportional voltage signal with the output voltage of the corresponding connected reference source, an offset level signal related to the voltage of each battery cell is generated; according to the offset level signal, the threshold drive voltage is output by adjusting the resistance of the adjustable potentiometer connected to the reference input end of the reference source; and the voltage offset information of the corresponding battery cell is obtained by performing polarity and amplitude analysis on the threshold drive voltage.

[0021] Specifically, implementing proportional sampling of each cell's terminal voltage and combining it with a reference voltage for judgment can be implemented at four levels: connection structure, voltage division, level comparison, threshold generation, and offset detection. Within this structure, the positive and negative terminals of each cell are first connected to the input of a voltage divider network, which consists of a series of resistors. A series resistor is two or more resistors connected end-to-end to form a continuous conduction path. When current flows through them, a voltage drop is generated across each resistor, resulting in a voltage at the intermediate node that is lower than the input voltage. This voltage is the proportional voltage signal. The proportional voltage signal is then fed into a reference voltage comparison structure for analysis. This is applied to controllable voltage regulators with a reference input, such as the TL431. The TL431 is a precision shunt regulator with an adjustable reference and a reference terminal that allows external circuitry to adjust its triggering conditions. When the proportional voltage signal is connected to its control terminal and a reference voltage is connected to its reference input, the internal circuit compares the difference between the proportional voltage and the set reference voltage to generate an offset level signal. The offset level signal refers to the voltage state appearing at the cathode terminal (output terminal) of the TL431 after this comparison process. It indicates whether the current cell voltage is above, equal to, or below the set reference voltage. To flexibly adjust the voltage threshold that triggers balancing for each cell, an adjustable potentiometer is connected in series with the reference source. A potentiometer is a three-terminal electronic component with adjustable resistance. The middle terminal slides along the resistor body, adjusting the ratio of the output voltages on both sides by changing the connection ratio. By rotating the potentiometer knob or fine-tuning screw, the equivalent resistance relationship between the potentiometer and the fixed voltage divider resistor is changed, thereby varying the reference input voltage of the TL431 and, in turn, its threshold drive voltage output characteristics. The generated threshold drive voltage serves as a prerequisite for the switch to conduct. Its level and polarity are closely related to the proportional voltage. When the proportional voltage is slightly higher than the reference input set by the adjustable potentiometer, the cathode terminal of the TL431 pulls down the voltage, driving the subsequent switching transistor to conduct. If the proportional voltage falls below the set threshold, the output remains in a high-impedance state, and the switch is not conducting. Finally, by analyzing the polarity (i.e., voltage direction) and amplitude (i.e., voltage magnitude) of the threshold drive voltage, we can further determine the cell's current voltage offset. This offset information, which indicates the degree and direction of the cell's deviation from the set balancing threshold, is crucial for determining whether to initiate balancing dissipation.

[0022] Step 120 : adjusting the threshold of the adjustable potentiometer threshold control voltage configured in the voltage sampling and voltage dividing circuit according to the voltage offset information to determine whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard.

[0023] Specifically, the threshold value of the adjustable potentiometer threshold control voltage configured in the voltage sampling voltage divider circuit is adjusted according to the voltage offset information to determine whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard. This is a voltage judgment logic generation method based on the adjustable resistance characteristics of the potentiometer. By changing the resistance value of the potentiometer in the voltage divider network, the equivalent voltage of the reference input terminal can be changed, so that the voltage states of different battery cells can be flexibly matched to different threshold levels. When the actual voltage of a battery cell exceeds the threshold set by the potentiometer after voltage division and comparison with the reference, a bias signal for controlling the conduction of the switch can be output to complete the identification of the battery cell with a voltage higher than the threshold. This design method does not rely on the central processing unit, and the setting or fine-tuning of the balance point can be achieved by adjusting the potentiometer, with good adaptability and controllability.

[0024] In an optional implementation of the present embodiment, the threshold value of the adjustable potentiometer threshold control voltage configured in the voltage sampling voltage divider circuit is adjusted according to the voltage offset information, and the step of judging whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard includes: performing signal matching with a preset reference comparison structure according to the offset level signal of the voltage offset information to generate a pre-judgment level corresponding to the voltage state of each battery cell; adjusting the resistance of the adjustable potentiometer connected to the pre-judgment level, performing voltage curve conversion processing on the pre-judgment level, and outputting an intermediate control voltage for driving the voltage threshold judgment logic; combining the intermediate control voltage with the characteristic curve data of the reference voltage source, generating a dynamic voltage division intersection point at the potentiometer node, and generating a dynamic threshold voltage independently associated with the voltage state of each battery cell; judging whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard according to the deviation amplitude between the dynamic threshold voltage and the offset level.

[0025] Specifically, implementing this process first requires establishing a signal matching relationship between the offset level signal and the reference comparison structure within the system architecture. The offset level signal is derived from the difference between the proportional voltage and the reference voltage, processed by a comparator or a voltage-stabilizing component with control characteristics to form an output level. Essentially, it is a voltage quantity that simulates the current cell voltage offset. The reference comparison structure, consisting of an analog voltage comparator with a set threshold and a corresponding input impedance network, is used to establish a unified comparison baseline across multiple offset levels, generating a pre-judgment level that reflects the current cell voltage state. The pre-judgment level is a representative voltage output that indicates the current cell voltage relative to a set reference position. In the control logic, it serves as the entry point for determining whether to proceed to further processing. To further process the pre-judgment level, an adjustable potentiometer is introduced. This potentiometer is connected to the pre-judgment level signal path and is used to transform the voltage curve of the pre-judgment level. This voltage curve transformation process involves adjusting the position of the potentiometer's wiper between its two resistors to change the nonlinear relationship between its voltage output and input level. This transforms the original linear offset response into a curve response more suitable for logic judgment, facilitating the subsequent generation of the intermediate control voltage. The intermediate control voltage is a continuous voltage variable modulated based on the current offset level. It has a functional relationship with the original offset level and typically exhibits a degree of monotonicity, allowing it to be further embedded in the dynamic threshold generation process. The system then combines the intermediate control voltage with the characteristic curves of a set of reference voltage sources. The characteristic curve of a reference voltage source represents the functional response of its output voltage to changes in input conditions and can be modeled using a specific circuit structure. For example, when using a voltage regulator with a negative feedback network, introducing a varying signal on the input side through a dynamic voltage divider will cause the output voltage to exhibit a certain nonlinear regulation characteristic. By introducing the intermediate control voltage at the potentiometer node, a voltage intersection point is formed that connects to the input of the reference voltage source. At this node, a dynamic voltage value is generated that is controlled by both the offset information and the reference curve. The voltage at this dynamic voltage intersection point is called the dynamic threshold voltage. It is adjustable and individually correlated, and its value automatically changes with the state of each cell, adapting to the differences in cell status. Finally, the deviation between the offset level signal and the dynamic threshold voltage is used to determine the cell status. The deviation amplitude represents the difference between the offset level and the dynamic threshold, and is an important indicator for determining whether cell balancing is necessary. When the deviation amplitude exceeds the threshold, the cell voltage is significantly higher than the permitted range, requiring discharge control via the balancing path. When the deviation amplitude is within the set range, the cell is within its normal operating voltage range and can remain in an unbalanced state.

[0026] Step 130 : When there is a target cell that meets the balanced startup standard, bias control is performed on the base of the switch tube connected in parallel with the target cell, and a balanced branch current path is generated in combination with a current limiting resistor and an indicator LED.

[0027] Specifically, in this embodiment, when a target cell meets the balanced startup standard, the base of the switch tube connected in parallel with the target cell is biased and controlled, and a balanced branch current path is generated in combination with a current limiting resistor and an indicator LED. The bias signal drives the transistor and other switching devices to turn on, so that the high-voltage cell releases part of the charge to the negative electrode of the system through a controlled path, thereby achieving voltage reduction. The bias control acts on the base region of the transistor. Once the conduction condition is met, a current conduction channel is formed from the collector to the emitter; the current limiting resistor is used to control the size of the balanced current to avoid overcurrent damage; the LED not only serves as an indicator, but also forms a stable voltage drop path with the current limiting resistor, thereby ensuring that the balancing process is carried out within a safe current range. The entire current path is automatically established after the cell reaches the startup threshold, without the need for external control logic, and has the characteristics of self-triggering and self-response.

[0028] In an optional implementation of this embodiment, when there is a target battery cell that meets the balanced startup standard, the base of the switch tube connected in parallel with the target battery cell is biased and controlled, and the steps of generating a balanced branch current path in combination with the current limiting resistor and the indicator LED include: when there is a target battery cell that meets the balanced startup standard, obtaining the threshold drive judgment voltage signal of the target battery cell according to the deviation amplitude; generating a bias control trigger voltage that matches the voltage state of the target battery cell by superimposing the voltage of the threshold drive judgment voltage signal with the front-stage bias network of the node connected to the base control end of the switch tube; driving the switch tube to establish a conduction state by applying the bias control trigger voltage to the base region of the switch tube, and determining the balanced current conduction path from the positive pole of the target battery cell to the negative pole of the system in combination with the current limiting resistor structure; generating a balanced branch current path according to the balanced current conduction path in combination with the indicator LED component.

[0029] Specifically, once the target cell meets the balanced startup criteria, a threshold drive determination voltage signal with control implications is first determined based on the deviation between the target cell and the dynamic threshold voltage. This signal is a control voltage derived from logic analysis or analog processing. Its magnitude is proportional to the cell's offset level and serves as the direct voltage reference for the system to determine whether to trigger the switch. The threshold drive determination voltage signal is typically generated by modulating the difference between the dynamic threshold voltage and the offset level. For example, this signal can be generated by linearly or nonlinearly amplifying the offset voltage through an amplifier structure to ensure that its amplitude falls within a voltage range suitable for the drive circuit. The system then introduces this threshold drive determination voltage signal into a pre-stage bias network connected to the base control terminal of the switch and superimposes it with the reference bias level output by the network. The pre-stage bias network is a voltage offset and limiting structure typically composed of resistors, capacitors, and voltage-stabilizing components. Its function is to provide a stable bias reference for the base voltage and allow external control signals to modulate it. Voltage superposition can be achieved through a series network or integrated operational amplifier structure. During the superposition process, the threshold signal output by the target cell must maintain sufficient influence on the base control level to form a new bias control trigger voltage. This voltage directly determines whether the switch is on. Its level is closely related to the voltage offset of the target cell, thus ensuring state matching. When the bias control trigger voltage is applied to the base region of the switch, if the voltage exceeds the switch's conduction threshold voltage, it enters the on state. The switch can be an electronic switching device with base or gate voltage control characteristics, such as an NPN transistor or N-channel MOSFET. Once the switch is in the on state, a low-resistance path is formed between its collector or drain and emitter or source, thereby achieving a balancing current path from the positive terminal of the target cell to the negative terminal of the system. This path requires a current-limiting resistor structure. This structure uses a series resistor element in the branch to limit the amplitude of the balancing current to prevent excessive balancing current caused by high cell voltage, which could damage the device or cause battery overdischarge. In order to achieve visual monitoring of the balancing path, it is also necessary to introduce an indicator LED component in the balancing branch. This component includes a voltage-driven light-emitting diode and its preceding current-limiting resistor, which are connected in the conduction path of the switch tube. When the switch tube enters the conduction state, the current flows from the target battery cell to the negative pole of the system, passes through the current-limiting resistor, and then flows through the LED, causing it to light up and emit a visible light signal, thus forming a complete balancing branch current path. This path not only assumes the function of current transmission, but also has the function of prompting the operating status, making it easier for the system management end to identify the current balancing status. For example, if the 4th battery cell starts balancing due to overvoltage, its bias trigger voltage drives the corresponding NPN transistor to turn on, then starting from the positive pole of the battery cell, it flows through the current-limiting resistor, LED and switch tube to the negative pole in sequence to form a closed loop. The LED lights up to indicate that the branch is in working condition.This method forms a state-adaptive balanced path driving mechanism through threshold control, bias adjustment, current path construction and visual output.

[0030] Step 140 : By connecting a clamping diode component in series in the balancing branch current path, the voltage drop of the balancing current of the switch emitter is controlled to control the voltage of the target cell to a threshold voltage of a balancing startup standard.

[0031] Specifically, by inserting a series clamping diode component in the balancing branch current path, the voltage drop of the balancing current at the emitter of the switching tube is controlled, and the voltage of the target cell is controlled to the threshold voltage of the balancing startup standard. This is achieved by using a clamping device (such as a series Schottky diode or TVS diode) to limit the direction and amplitude of the voltage to prevent excessive discharge of the cell during the balancing process. These clamping diodes have a fixed forward voltage drop. When current flows to the system cathode through the balancing path, a stable voltage differential is formed between the emitter and the cathode, ensuring that the cell voltage does not fall below a certain safe level. This structure also protects the switching device from damage under abnormal conditions, effectively limiting the balancing current to a safe range throughout the entire operation cycle, and achieving automatic definition of the balancing termination point. With this design, the system can achieve joint management of voltage control and balancing cutoff without the need for additional detection mechanisms.

[0032] In an optional implementation of this embodiment, a step of controlling the voltage drop of the balancing current at the emitter of the switching tube by connecting a clamping diode assembly in series in the balancing branch current path to control the balancing current at the emitter of the switching tube, thereby controlling the voltage of the target cell to a threshold voltage of a balancing startup standard includes: determining a current on-state determination voltage in the balancing branch current path based on a potential difference between a bias control trigger voltage obtained by the base of the switching tube and a node connected to the emitter; controlling the conduction state of the clamping assembly based on the current on-state determination voltage by connecting the clamping diode assembly in series in the balancing branch current path to generate a voltage drop control path with a unidirectional conduction property; superimposing and analyzing the forward voltage drops of the clamping diodes at each stage in the voltage drop control path to obtain a voltage drop amplitude of the balancing current acting on the emitter end of the switching tube, and determining a dynamic voltage limiting node of the output terminal potential thereof in combination with the current terminal voltage value of the target cell; and comparing the potential difference amplitude of the dynamic voltage limiting node with the threshold voltage of the balancing startup standard to generate a voltage clamping limit at the target cell port, thereby controlling the target cell to maintain an operating state corresponding to the threshold voltage.

[0033] Specifically, when the target cell meets the balanced startup criteria and a bias control trigger voltage is applied to the base of the switch, the system first determines whether the current conduction path is established and whether the conduction conditions are consistently met based on the potential difference between the bias control trigger voltage and the node connecting the emitter of the switch. This potential difference reflects the driving condition between the control and output terminals of the switch. Its value directly determines the conduction strength of the switch, further influencing the establishment of the balanced branch current. Therefore, this potential difference can be defined as the current on-state determination voltage in the balanced branch current path. When this determination voltage is above the critical voltage required for conduction, the current on-state is confirmed and serves as the basis for the control signal for subsequent clamping control. After this voltage condition is confirmed, a clamping diode assembly is placed in series in the balanced branch current path. A clamping diode is a type of semiconductor device with unidirectional conduction characteristics. It exhibits a stable voltage drop characteristic when conducting in the forward direction. For example, a silicon diode typically exhibits a voltage drop characteristic of approximately 0.6V to 0.7V when operating in the forward direction. By cascading multiple clamping diodes to form a series network, a control path with a stepped voltage drop can be constructed. This path is coupled and compared with the aforementioned current on-state determination voltage to control the overall conduction state of the clamping assembly. If the current on-state determination voltage exceeds the clamping assembly's total forward voltage drop threshold, the clamping assembly is turned on, establishing a unidirectional current path controlled by a limited voltage drop from the emitter of the switching tube to the system cathode. The voltage control characteristics of this voltage drop path depend on the forward voltage drop characteristics of each clamping diode. The forward voltage drops of each diode in a series configuration are linearly superimposed, and the total voltage drop of the entire assembly is obtained by arithmetic summation of all the voltage drops. By analyzing this total voltage drop and applying it as an independent variable to the emitter of the switching tube, the magnitude of the equilibrium current voltage drop at this node can be derived. This voltage drop magnitude directly affects the effective output potential between the positive and negative electrodes of the target cell in the equilibrium state. Therefore, to achieve precise control, this voltage drop magnitude must be combined with the current terminal voltage of the target cell to determine the actual dynamic voltage limit node at its output terminal in the on-state. The dynamic voltage limiting node reflects the lowest limit value of the output potential of the target battery cell during the balancing process, and is the physical reference point for the system to implement voltage drop control based on the clamping path. Finally, the system compares the potential value of the dynamic voltage limiting node with the threshold voltage in the previously set balancing startup standard for the potential difference amplitude. This comparison process is used to determine whether the target battery cell has limited its terminal voltage below the target threshold through the clamping path. If the comparison result shows that the battery cell port potential is equal to or lower than the threshold, the clamping control is deemed to be effective and the current branch current maintenance can be terminated; if it is not reached, the voltage drop path is kept open to continue voltage clamping.For example, if the target cell's current voltage is 4.25V, the balancing start threshold is set to 4.20V, the total voltage drop of the clamping components is 0.65V, and the base control potential of the switch tube is 4.9V, then its emitter dynamic voltage limit node will be locked at approximately 4.25V. At this time, if the bias control is still continued, the clamping process ensures that the cell voltage does not rise above the set threshold, thereby achieving voltage clamping limit on the output port of the target cell, so that it always remains within the specified operating voltage range. This control logic forms a closed loop through the voltage drop control path, dynamic voltage limit node generation, and potential amplitude comparison to achieve continuous judgment and state locking of the balancing process.

[0034] In an optional implementation of this embodiment, after the step of determining the current on-state judgment voltage in the balanced branch current path based on the potential difference between the bias control trigger voltage obtained by the base of the switching tube and the emitter connection node, it also includes: obtaining the conduction section voltage drop information located between the emitter of the switching tube and the negative electrode of the system based on the potential difference; determining the series starting bias interval of the clamping diode component by matching and analyzing the conduction section voltage drop information with the threshold drive judgment voltage signal of the target battery cell; and selecting a clamping diode component with constant forward conduction characteristics and threshold voltage constraint characteristics based on the series starting bias interval.

[0035] Specifically, in the balancing control circuit, after the target cell has established the bias control trigger voltage and driven the switch into the on-state, the potential behavior of this conduction path must be further analyzed to accurately configure the subsequent clamping structure. This process first determines the voltage drop during the on-state phase based on the potential difference between the emitter of the switch and the system cathode. This potential difference reflects the effective voltage drop range generated by the balancing current drawn from the emitter of the switch as it passes through the downstream loop. This on-state voltage drop is influenced not only by the internal voltage drop of the switch itself but also by factors such as the downstream current-limiting resistor and ground line impedance. It is a key parameter for voltage energy dissipation in the entire balancing branch. This voltage drop information can be used to derive the energy release characteristics of the current loop, further reflecting the degree of output voltage restriction imposed on the target cell during balancing. Based on this information, this on-state voltage drop is matched and analyzed with the target cell's threshold drive determination voltage signal. The threshold drive determination voltage signal is a signaling control voltage generated based on the deviation amplitude, indicating the minimum drive level required for the target cell to trigger balancing. When this voltage signal forms a stable differential relationship with the voltage drop in the on-state, it can be used to determine the voltage level at which the clamping control should enter the pre-bias region. This region can be defined as the series starting bias range of the clamping diode component—the voltage starting point where the first diode in the entire clamping path begins to exhibit forward conduction characteristics. Establishing this starting bias range is a prerequisite for the clamping behavior to accurately respond to the target cell voltage state, and its positional accuracy directly determines the effectiveness of subsequent voltage drop control. Furthermore, the selection and configuration of the clamping diode component are determined based on the defined series starting bias range. The selected clamping device must exhibit a constant forward conduction characteristic, meaning it can quickly and stably enter the on state after exceeding its threshold voltage while maintaining a low rate of change in forward voltage drop. Such a device should have a clear threshold voltage constraint, meaning its turn-on characteristics are controlled and have no significant temperature fluctuations, to prevent the clamping voltage drop from drifting in actual operation and causing the target cell voltage to lose control. To achieve this requirement, the clamping component can select a series network consisting of multiple diodes with constant forward conduction characteristics, and expand upward according to the starting bias level to construct the required total voltage drop path. For example, if the voltage drop between the emitter of the switching tube and the negative terminal of the system during the conduction period is 0.85V, the threshold drive judgment voltage signal is 4.95V, and the target cell voltage is 4.25V, it can be deduced that the clamping component needs to establish an initial bias around 4.10V. In this case, a single-stage silicon diode with an initial conduction voltage of around 0.65V can be selected to form a two-stage series structure to create a 1.30V voltage drop range, thereby stably suppressing the target cell output voltage to below 4.20V, effectively ensuring that it is within the balanced allowable range. In this way, the clamping control path not only has a fast response speed and a clear conduction boundary, but also can achieve potential closed-loop adjustment with the target cell voltage state, ultimately achieving the synergistic goal of dynamic voltage drop control and precise voltage limiting protection.

[0036] It should be noted that the selection of a 1.30V clamping voltage drop is based on a careful consideration of the target cell voltage control requirements, the conduction conditions of the balancing branch, and the voltage drop characteristics of key components. When designing a multi-string cell balancing system, it is crucial to ensure that the balancing path is triggered to conduct when the target cell voltage exceeds a predetermined balancing start threshold (e.g., 4.20V), while also naturally shutting off when the voltage drops close to the threshold, thereby achieving stable control and avoiding overcharge or undervoltage discharge. Therefore, a total voltage drop window must be constructed in the balancing branch to create an effective potential difference with the terminal voltage of the target cell to drive current while also achieving voltage limiting control through the structure itself. Specifically, in the balancing branch, current must flow from the positive terminal of the target cell through the current-limiting resistor, the switch, and the clamping diode assembly to the negative terminal of the system. The voltage drop of any component in this path will affect the formation of the final conduction voltage threshold. The voltage drop of the current-limiting resistor is set at approximately 0.85V. Combined with the saturation voltage drop of the switching transistor, which is approximately 0.1V, the potential difference between the system cathode and the emitter of the switching transistor is roughly 0.95V. The goal is to initiate balancing when the target cell voltage reaches 4.20V. To achieve this, a voltage drop structure must be created between its output and the balancing path to naturally limit discharge. To achieve this, the remaining voltage drop must be allocated to the clamping component. To this end, two standard silicon diodes (each with a forward voltage drop of approximately 0.65V) are connected in series to generate a 1.30V voltage drop, thereby completing the required voltage drop across the balancing path and forming a clamping point when the cell voltage approaches 4.20V. When the cell voltage drops to a level that is nearly equal to the total voltage drop in the balancing path, the clamping diode automatically shuts off the balancing branch due to insufficient potential difference, thus stably limiting the voltage of the target cell to below 4.20V and preventing the continuous balancing current from being drawn.

[0037] In an optional implementation of the present embodiment, a combination of battery cells that satisfies a voltage deviation greater than a first threshold interval is obtained based on voltage offset information, and the battery cell combination is position indexed in combination with the physical arrangement order to generate a corresponding target battery cell pair within the module; the corresponding charge transfer path is determined by performing amplitude analysis on the voltage difference between the target battery cell pairs within the module, and an energy storage inductor component and a bidirectional control switch are inserted into the charge transfer path to construct an energy transmission loop; based on the voltage difference and the potential relationship between the charge transfer path nodes, a driving signal timing of the bidirectional control switch is generated, and the bidirectional control switch is controlled to be in an on or off state by width adjustment and polarity switching of the driving signal timing; by periodically storing and releasing energy on the energy storage inductor in the energy transmission loop, a magnetic energy and charge coupling relationship is alternately constructed between the high-voltage battery cell and the low-voltage battery cell, and charging balancing control is performed through periodic transfer of charge within the module.

[0038] Specifically, in the process of implementing charge balancing control for cells within a module based on the energy transfer principle, the first step is to identify cell combinations whose voltage deviations exceed a first threshold range within the current cycle based on voltage offset information. The first threshold range refers to a voltage difference limit used to define the triggering condition for balancing. For example, when the voltage difference between cells exceeds a set value (e.g., 50mV), energy redistribution is considered necessary. By screening the offset values ​​of all series-connected cells during the current voltage sampling cycle, target cells with relatively high and low voltages are identified. These cells are then indexed by identifying their positions in the physical series structure, ultimately forming associated target cell pairs within the module. Position indexing involves assigning unique identification numbers to the cells based on their physical order in the battery pack, facilitating the subsequent establishment of energy transfer circuits and drive control channels. Subsequently, by analyzing the amplitude of the voltage differences between the target cell pairs, the potential charge imbalance between them is determined, and the charge transfer path from the high-voltage cell to the low-voltage cell is determined. To physically transfer charge, a set of energy storage inductors and bidirectional control switches are inserted into this path, creating a complete electromagnetic energy transmission circuit. An energy storage inductor is a component that temporarily stores energy during current flow and releases it later. Its function is to temporarily store energy in the form of magnetic field energy, preventing transient surges that could cause system losses or loss of control. A bidirectional control switch, on the other hand, is a semiconductor device structure (such as a MOSFET or IGBT) that can be controlled to switch on or off. Its bidirectionality allows charge to migrate freely in different directions to meet dynamic balancing objectives. The drive signal timing for the bidirectional control switch is generated based on the voltage difference between the aforementioned cell pairs and the potential changes at the circuit nodes. This drive signal timing not only determines the on and off state of the switch, but also controls the energy storage duration by adjusting the signal width and adjusts the direction of charge flow by switching the polarity. The signal width represents the length of time the switch remains in the on state per unit cycle, determining the depth of the inductor's energy storage. Polarity switching means that the controller changes the logic state of the control signal based on the direction of charge transfer, determining which cell first charges magnetic energy and which releases magnetic energy later to compensate. After the energy transfer loop is completed, by controlling the energy storage inductor to complete the two stages of energy absorption and release within each working cycle, a periodic magnetic energy and charge coupling relationship is established between the high-voltage battery cell and the low-voltage battery cell, thereby achieving voltage balancing based on energy transfer. During the conduction period, the inductor absorbs current from the high-voltage battery cell to form a magnetic field. In the subsequent disconnection state, the released magnetic energy is converted into current and injected into the low-voltage battery cell, thereby forming a one-to-one dynamic charge compensation process. This method does not require the participation of the entire system and can complete efficient power transfer within the module alone, improving the balancing rate while ensuring that the battery cell operating voltage is controlled within the design range.Each cell pair is matched and responded in sequence under the periodic driving logic, thereby realizing closed-loop control of local energy balancing operation on the microstructure.

[0039] According to a multi-string battery cell charging balancing method provided by the present application, a proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell is obtained through a preset voltage sampling voltage divider circuit; and the proportional sampling signal is compared with the reference reference voltage of the corresponding battery cell reference source to obtain the voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell; the threshold value of the adjustable potentiometer threshold control voltage configured in the voltage sampling voltage divider circuit is adjusted according to the voltage offset information to determine whether each battery cell meets the balanced start-up standard; when there is a target battery cell that meets the balanced start-up standard, the base of the switch tube connected in parallel with the target battery cell is biased and controlled, and a balanced branch current path is generated in combination with a current limiting resistor and an indicator LED; by connecting a clamping diode component in series in the balanced branch current path, the voltage drop of the balanced current of the switch tube emitter is controlled to control the voltage of the target battery cell at the threshold voltage of the balanced start-up standard. Through the implementation of the present application, the balanced branch current path is used to control the voltage of each battery cell at the balanced voltage, ensuring the consistency of the voltage between the battery cells and effectively improving the charging and discharging efficiency.

[0040] Figure 3 The embodiment of the present application provides a multi-string battery cell charging and balancing device, which can be used to implement the multi-string battery cell charging and balancing method in the above embodiment. Figure 3 As shown, the multi-string battery cell charging and balancing device mainly includes: An acquisition module 10 is configured to acquire a proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell through a preset voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit; and compare the proportional sampling signal with a reference voltage of a corresponding battery cell reference source to acquire voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell; The judgment module 20 is used to adjust the threshold value of the adjustable potentiometer threshold control voltage configured in the voltage sampling and voltage dividing circuit according to the voltage offset information to determine whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard; The generating module 30 is used to bias the base of the switch connected in parallel with the target cell when a target cell meets the balanced startup standard, and generate a balanced branch current path in combination with the current limiting resistor and the indicator LED; The control module 40 is used to control the voltage drop of the balancing current of the switch tube emitter by connecting a clamping diode component in series in the balancing branch current path, so as to control the voltage of the target battery cell to the threshold voltage of the balancing start standard.

[0041] In an optional implementation of the present embodiment, the acquisition module is specifically used for: connecting the positive and negative poles of each battery cell to the input end of the voltage divider network, and selecting a series resistor with a limited proportional coefficient to divide the battery cell voltage to generate a corresponding proportional voltage signal; generating an offset level signal related to the voltage of each battery cell by comparing the proportional voltage signal with the output voltage of the corresponding connected reference source; outputting a threshold drive voltage by adjusting the resistance of an adjustable potentiometer connected to the reference input end of the reference source according to the offset level signal; and obtaining the voltage offset information of the corresponding battery cell by performing polarity and amplitude analysis on the threshold drive voltage.

[0042] In an optional implementation of the present embodiment, the judgment module is specifically used to: perform signal matching with a preset reference comparison structure based on an offset level signal of the voltage offset information to generate a pre-judgment level corresponding to the voltage state of each battery cell; perform voltage curve conversion processing on the pre-judgment level by adjusting the resistance of an adjustable potentiometer connected to the pre-judgment level, and output an intermediate control voltage for driving the voltage threshold judgment logic; combine the intermediate control voltage with the characteristic curve data of the reference voltage source, generate a dynamic voltage division intersection point at the potentiometer node, and generate a dynamic threshold voltage independently associated with the voltage state of each battery cell; and judge whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard based on the deviation amplitude between the dynamic threshold voltage and the offset level.

[0043] In an optional implementation of this embodiment, the generation module is used to: when there is a target battery cell that meets the balanced startup standard, obtain the threshold drive judgment voltage signal of the target battery cell according to the deviation amplitude; generate a bias control trigger voltage that matches the voltage state of the target battery cell by superimposing the threshold drive judgment voltage signal with the front-stage bias network of the node connected to the base control terminal of the switch tube; drive the switch tube to establish a conduction state by applying the bias control trigger voltage to the base region of the switch tube, and determine the balanced current conduction path from the positive pole of the target battery cell to the negative pole of the system in combination with the current limiting resistor structure; generate a balanced branch current path based on the balanced current conduction path combined with the indicator LED component.

[0044] In an optional implementation of this embodiment, the control module is specifically used to: determine the current on-state judgment voltage in the balancing branch current path based on the potential difference between the bias control trigger voltage obtained by the base of the switching tube and the emitter connection node; by connecting the clamping diode component in series to the balancing branch current path, the conduction state of the clamping component is controlled according to the current on-state judgment voltage to generate a voltage drop control path with a unidirectional conduction property; superimpose and analyze the forward voltage drops of the clamping diodes at each level in the voltage drop control path to obtain the balancing current voltage drop amplitude acting on the emitter end of the switching tube, and determine the dynamic voltage limiting node of its output terminal potential in combination with the current terminal voltage value of the target battery cell; compare the potential difference amplitude of the dynamic voltage limiting node potential with the threshold voltage of the balancing start-up standard to generate the voltage clamping limit of the target battery cell port, and control the target battery cell to maintain the working state corresponding to the threshold voltage.

[0045] In an optional implementation of this embodiment, the control module is further used to: obtain the conduction section voltage drop information between the emitter of the switching tube and the negative electrode of the system based on the potential difference; determine the series starting bias interval of the clamping diode component by matching and analyzing the conduction section voltage drop information with the threshold drive judgment voltage signal of the target battery cell; and select a clamping diode component with constant forward conduction characteristics and threshold voltage constraint characteristics based on the series starting bias interval.

[0046] In an optional implementation of this embodiment, the control module is also used to: obtain a cell combination that satisfies the voltage deviation greater than the first threshold interval based on the voltage offset information, and perform position index processing on the cell combination in combination with the physical arrangement order to generate a corresponding target cell pair in the module; determine the corresponding charge transfer path by performing amplitude analysis on the voltage difference between the target cell pairs in the module, and insert an energy storage inductor component and a bidirectional control switch in the charge transfer path to construct an energy transmission loop; generate a drive signal timing of the bidirectional control switch based on the potential relationship between the voltage difference and the charge transfer path node, and control the bidirectional control switch to be in the on or off state by width adjustment and polarity switching of the drive signal timing; alternately construct a magnetic energy and charge coupling relationship between the high-voltage cell and the low-voltage cell by periodically storing and releasing the energy storage inductor in the energy transmission loop, and perform charge balancing control through periodic transfer of charge within the module.

[0047] According to the multi-string battery cell charging and balancing device provided by the present application, a proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell is obtained through a preset voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit; and the proportional sampling signal is compared with the reference reference voltage of the corresponding battery cell reference source to obtain the voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell; the threshold value of the adjustable potentiometer threshold control voltage configured in the voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit is adjusted according to the voltage offset information to determine whether each battery cell meets the balanced start-up standard; when there is a target battery cell that meets the balanced start-up standard, the base of the switch tube connected in parallel with the target battery cell is biased and controlled, and a balanced branch current path is generated in combination with a current limiting resistor and an indicator LED; by connecting a clamping diode component in series in the balanced branch current path, the voltage drop of the balanced current of the emitter of the switch tube is controlled to control the voltage of the target battery cell at the threshold voltage of the balanced start-up standard. Through the implementation of the present application, the voltage of each battery cell is controlled at the balanced voltage by using the balanced branch current path, ensuring the consistency of the voltage between the battery cells and effectively improving the charging and discharging efficiency.

[0048] According to the application plan Figure 4 An electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application can be used to implement the multi-string battery cell charging equalization method in the aforementioned embodiment, mainly comprising: Memory 401, processor 402, and computer program 403 stored in memory 401 and executable on processor 402. Memory 401 and processor 402 are connected via communication. When processor 402 executes computer program 403, the multi-string battery cell charge balancing method described in the preceding embodiment is implemented. The number of processors may be one or more.

[0049] The memory 401 can be a high-speed random access memory (RAM) memory or a non-volatile memory such as a disk drive. The memory 401 is used to store executable program code. The processor 402 is coupled to the memory 401 .

[0050] Furthermore, the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which can be provided in the electronic device in the above embodiments. The computer-readable storage medium can be the above Figure 4 Memory in the illustrated embodiment.

[0051] The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the multi-string battery cell charge balancing method described in the aforementioned embodiment. Furthermore, the computer-readable storage medium may be a USB flash drive, a mobile hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, among other media capable of storing program code.

[0052] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0053] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, and other media that can store program code.

[0054] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-string battery cell charging equalization method, characterized in that: include: The proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell is obtained through a preset voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit; The proportional sampling signal is compared with the reference voltage of the corresponding battery cell reference source to obtain voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell; Adjusting the threshold of the adjustable potentiometer threshold control voltage configured in the voltage sampling and voltage dividing circuit according to the voltage offset information to determine whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard; When a target cell meets the balanced startup standard, the base of the switch tube connected in parallel with the target cell is biased and a balanced branch current path is generated in combination with a current limiting resistor and an indicator LED; By connecting a clamping diode component in series in the balancing branch current path, the voltage drop of the balancing current of the switch emitter is controlled, and the voltage of the target cell is controlled to be at the threshold voltage of the balancing start standard.

2. The multi-string battery cell charging equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of obtaining a proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell through a preset voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit; and obtaining voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell by comparing the proportional sampling signal with a reference voltage of a corresponding battery cell reference source, include: By connecting the positive and negative electrodes of each battery cell to the input of the voltage divider network and selecting a series resistor with a limited proportional coefficient to divide the battery cell voltage, a corresponding proportional voltage signal is generated; By comparing the proportional voltage signal with the output voltage of the corresponding reference source, an offset level signal related to the voltage of each battery cell is generated; According to the offset level signal, the threshold driving voltage is output by adjusting the resistance of an adjustable potentiometer connected to the reference input terminal of the reference source; By performing polarity and amplitude analysis on the threshold driving voltage, voltage offset information of the corresponding battery cell is obtained.

3. The multi-string battery cell charging equalization method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the threshold of the adjustable potentiometer threshold control voltage configured in the voltage sampling and voltage dividing circuit according to the voltage offset information to determine whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard includes: Performing signal matching with a preset reference comparison structure based on the offset level signal of the voltage offset information to generate a pre-judgment level corresponding to the voltage state of each battery cell; By adjusting the resistance of the adjustable potentiometer connected to the pre-judgment level, the pre-judgment level is subjected to voltage curve conversion processing, and an intermediate control voltage of the driving voltage threshold judgment logic is output; combining characteristic curve data of the intermediate control voltage and a reference voltage source, and generating a dynamic voltage division intersection point at the potentiometer node to generate a dynamic threshold voltage independently associated with the voltage state of each cell; Whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard is determined according to the deviation amplitude between the dynamic threshold voltage and the offset level.

4. The multi-string battery cell charging equalization method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of biasing the base of the switch connected in parallel to the target cell when a target cell meets the balanced startup standard, and generating a balanced branch current path in combination with a current limiting resistor and an indicator LED, includes: When there is a target cell that meets the balanced start-up standard, obtaining a threshold drive determination voltage signal of the target cell according to the deviation amplitude; Generate a bias control trigger voltage that matches the target cell voltage state by superimposing the threshold drive determination voltage signal with a front-stage bias network of a node connected to the base control terminal of the switch tube; By applying the bias control trigger voltage to the base region of the switch tube, the switch tube is driven to establish a conducting state, and combined with the current limiting resistor structure, a balanced current conduction path is determined from the positive electrode of the target battery cell to the negative electrode of the system; A balanced branch current path is generated according to the balanced current conduction path in combination with the instructing LED component.

5. The multi-string battery cell charging equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of controlling the voltage drop of the balancing current of the switch tube emitter by connecting a clamping diode component in series in the balancing branch current path and controlling the voltage of the target cell to the threshold voltage of the balancing startup standard includes: determining a current on-state determination voltage in the balancing branch current path according to a potential difference between a bias control trigger voltage obtained by the base of the switch tube and the emitter connection node; By connecting a clamping diode component in series to the balancing branch current path, controlling the conduction state of the clamping component according to the current conduction state determination voltage, a voltage drop control path with a unidirectional conduction property is generated; The forward voltage drops of the clamping diodes at each stage in the voltage drop control path are superimposed and analyzed to obtain the voltage drop amplitude of the balanced current acting on the emitter end of the switch tube, and the dynamic voltage limiting node of the output terminal potential is determined in combination with the current terminal voltage value of the target battery cell; The potential difference amplitude of the dynamic voltage limit node is compared with the threshold voltage of the balanced startup standard to generate the voltage clamp limit of the target battery cell port, and the target battery cell is controlled to maintain the working state corresponding to the threshold voltage.

6. The multi-string battery cell charging equalization method according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the step of determining the current on-state determination voltage in the balancing branch current path according to the potential difference between the bias control trigger voltage obtained by the base of the switch tube and the emitter connection node, the method further includes: Acquire the voltage drop information of the conduction section between the emitter of the switch tube and the negative electrode of the system according to the potential difference; Determining a series starting bias interval of the clamping diode assembly by matching and analyzing the conduction section voltage drop information with the threshold drive determination voltage signal of the target battery cell; According to the series starting bias interval, a clamping diode component with constant forward conduction characteristics and threshold voltage constraint characteristics is selected.

7. The multi-string battery cell charging equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Obtaining a cell combination satisfying a voltage deviation greater than a first threshold interval according to the voltage offset information, and performing position indexing processing on the cell combination in combination with a physical arrangement order to generate a corresponding target cell pair within the module; By performing an amplitude analysis on the voltage difference between the target battery cell pairs in the module, a corresponding charge transfer path is determined, and an energy storage inductor component and a bidirectional control switch are inserted into the charge transfer path to construct an energy transmission loop; generating a driving signal timing sequence for the bidirectional control switch according to a relationship between the voltage difference and the potential of a node in the charge transfer path, and controlling the bidirectional control switch to be in an on or off state by adjusting the width and switching the polarity of the driving signal timing sequence; By periodically controlling the energy storage and release of the energy storage inductor in the energy transmission circuit, a magnetic energy and charge coupling relationship is alternately established between the high-voltage battery cell and the low-voltage battery cell, and charge balancing control is performed through the periodic transfer of charge within the module.

8. A multi-string battery cell charging and balancing device, characterized in that: The multi-string battery cell charging and balancing device is used to implement the multi-string battery cell charging and balancing method according to claim 1, and the multi-string battery cell charging and balancing device includes: An acquisition module is used to obtain a proportional sampling signal generated by the terminal voltage of each battery cell through a preset voltage sampling and voltage divider circuit; and compare the proportional sampling signal with the reference voltage of the corresponding battery cell reference source to obtain voltage offset information corresponding to each battery cell; a judgment module, configured to adjust the threshold value of the threshold control voltage of the adjustable potentiometer configured in the voltage sampling and voltage dividing circuit according to the voltage offset information, and judge whether each battery cell meets the balanced startup standard; A generation module is used to bias the base of the switch tube connected in parallel with the target cell when there is a target cell that meets the balanced startup standard, and to generate a balanced branch current path in combination with a current limiting resistor and an indicator LED; The control module is used to control the voltage drop of the balancing current of the switch tube emitter by connecting a clamping diode component in series in the balancing branch current path, so as to control the voltage of the target battery cell to the threshold voltage of the balancing start standard.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: Comprising a memory and a processor, wherein: The processor is configured to execute a computer program stored in the memory; When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the multi-string battery cell charging balancing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the multi-string battery cell charging balancing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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