Two-stage integrated pyrolysis device and method suitable for organic solid waste

Abstract

The present application relates to pyrolysis reaction device technology and pyrolysis field, and specifically relates to a two-stage integrated pyrolysis device and method suitable for organic solid waste, which comprises an external shell; a driving device is arranged at the top of the external shell; the pre-pyrolysis chamber is provided with multistage blades and a rotating shaft; the upper end of the rotating shaft is connected with the driving device, and the middle and lower part of the rotating shaft is provided with multistage blades; the rotating shaft is a hollow structure, the upper end of the rotating shaft is provided with a steam inlet and connected with a steam generator, a plurality of nozzles are distributed on the side wall of the rotating shaft, and water vapor enters the rotating shaft through the steam inlet and is sprayed into the pre-pyrolysis chamber through the nozzles. The integrated structure of the upper pre-pyrolysis chamber and the lower catalytic pyrolysis chamber is adopted, the material flows from top to bottom, the intermediate conveying pipeline is not needed, the energy loss and risk in the material transmission process are reduced, the problems such as internal fouling and corrosion of the device in the conventional pyrolysis process of large waste textiles such as polyester can be effectively inhibited, the problem of raw material bonding and agglomeration can be avoided, and high-value utilization of the raw material can be realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of pyrolysis reaction devices and pyrolysis, in particular to a two-stage integrated pyrolysis device and method suitable for organic solid waste. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of the textile industry, the output of waste textiles continues to rise, and the problem of recycling and disposal is increasingly prominent. Traditional disposal methods such as landfill and incineration not only have low resource utilization rates, but also easily cause environmental pollution; and physical recycling and reuse processes are limited by material complexity and pollution levels, making it difficult to adapt to efficient conversion of multi-component or composite material waste textiles, and the overall resource utilization level is low.

[0003] Pyrolysis, as an efficient thermal conversion technology, has the advantages of short disposal period, significant volume reduction, and high-value products, and has become an important path for resource utilization of waste textiles. However, during pyrolysis, waste textiles are prone to generate a large amount of heavy components with high boiling point and strong acidity, which are extremely easy to coke on the reactor wall and carbonize on the catalyst surface, and even cause corrosion to the device components, seriously affecting the stability of the device operation and the service life of the catalyst, and reducing the overall pyrolysis efficiency.

[0004] To alleviate the above problems, some existing processes add a hydrolysis pretreatment step before pyrolysis to break down the ester bond structure or remove impurity components in waste textiles, thereby improving the stability of the subsequent pyrolysis process and the quality of the products. However, such "hydrolysis-pyrolysis" series process has problems such as dispersed structure, high energy consumption, and large heat loss, and the overall process is complex, the material transfer efficiency is low, and it is difficult to realize continuous and integrated operation of the system, which restricts the engineering promotion and large-scale application. Research shows that the introduction of appropriate amount of steam in the pyrolysis process not only can promote the breaking of ester bond and improve the cracking rate, but also can effectively inhibit the generation of carbon deposition and prolong the service life of the catalyst, while helping to alleviate the hot spot effect inside the reactor, improve the thermal stability and reaction uniformity of the system.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a pyrolysis device with compact structure, high process integration, and sustainable catalytic function of anti-coking and anti-wall sticking, to realize continuous, efficient and green resource conversion of waste textiles, which has important practical significance for promoting efficient resource utilization of organic solid waste such as waste textiles. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a two-stage integrated pyrolysis device and method suitable for organic solid waste, which realizes efficient pyrolysis conversion of organic solid waste through integrated structure design and process optimization.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the application adopts the following specific technical solutions: A two-stage integrated pyrolysis device suitable for organic solid waste, comprising an external shell; the internal part of the external shell is divided into an upper pre-pyrolysis chamber and a lower catalytic pyrolysis chamber; a driving device is arranged at the top of the external shell;

[0008] The pre-pyrolysis chamber is provided with a multi-stage blade and a rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is arranged at the axis position of the pre-pyrolysis chamber and penetrates the pre-pyrolysis chamber; the upper end of the rotating shaft is connected with the driving device, and the middle and lower part of the rotating shaft is provided with a multi-stage blade;

[0009] The rotating shaft is a hollow structure, the upper end of which is provided with a steam inlet and is connected with a steam generator, and a plurality of nozzles are distributed on the side wall of the rotating shaft, and the water vapor enters the rotating shaft through the steam inlet and is sprayed into the pre-pyrolysis chamber through the nozzles.

[0010] Further, the multi-stage blade comprises a blunt stirring blade and a sharp stirring blade;

[0011] The rotating shaft is sequentially provided with the blunt stirring blade and the sharp stirring blade from top to bottom;

[0012] One side of the blade edge of the blunt stirring blade is blunt treated; one side of the blade edge of the sharp stirring blade is sharp treated; the outer edges of the blunt stirring blade and the sharp stirring blade are both provided with flexible scrapers.

[0013] Further, the multi-stage blade further comprises a screening guide blade; the screening guide blade is arranged below the sharp stirring blade and is a vertically arranged spiral blade structure, and a stepped structure is arranged on the upper surface of the blade.

[0014] Further, the catalytic pyrolysis chamber is provided with a waste residue guide pipe and a catalyst mounting column;

[0015] The upper part of the waste residue guide pipe is a funnel-shaped structure, the side wall of the funnel-shaped structure is provided with apertures for passing volatile components; the lower end of the waste residue guide pipe is in communication with the upper end of the catalyst mounting column; the catalyst mounting column is a hollow circular pipe structure; the waste residue guide pipe is used for guiding the solid residue to fall into the hollow circular pipe of the catalyst mounting column.

[0016] Further, the catalyst mounting column is further provided with an umbrella-shaped catalyst, and the outer side of the catalyst mounting column is provided with a slot, and the umbrella-shaped catalyst is inserted and fixed on the catalyst mounting column through the slot.

[0017] Further, the umbrella-shaped catalyst has multiple layers, and each layer of the umbrella-shaped catalyst is spliced by a plurality of catalyst modules; the outer circumferential dimension of the umbrella-shaped catalyst matches the inner wall of the catalytic pyrolysis chamber.

[0018] Further, the external shell comprises a feeding port, a pyrolysis gas outlet, a flue gas inlet, and a flue gas outlet; the feeding port is arranged at the top cover of the external shell; the pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged at the bottom of the external shell; the flue gas inlet is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the external shell; and the flue gas outlet is symmetrically arranged at the top of the side wall of the external shell.

[0019] The side wall of the external shell is a hollow structure; the hollow structure serves as a flue gas flow channel; the flue gas inlet is connected with a flue gas output pipeline of the burner; high-temperature flue gas enters the hollow structure through the flue gas inlet, first heats the catalytic pyrolysis chamber to 600 DEG C, and then heats the pre-pyrolysis chamber to 400 DEG C; and the heat-exchanged flue gas is discharged through the flue gas outlet.

[0020] A two-stage integrated pyrolysis method suitable for organic solid waste, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1, starting the driving device to drive the multi-stage blade to rotate; the flue gas generated by the burner enters the internal part of the external shell through the flue gas inlet, and the pre-pyrolysis chamber and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber are heated;

[0022] S2, feeding the material into the pre-pyrolysis chamber at a certain rate through the feeding port;

[0023] S3, the water vapor generated by the steam generator is sprayed to the pre-pyrolysis chamber through the rotating shaft, and the material is uniformly pyrolyzed under the action of the passivation stirring blade and the sharpening stirring blade; the material fully reacted enters the waste residue guide pipe through the screening guide blade; and the material not fully reacted is retained and continuously stirred and broken;

[0024] S4, the pyrolysis volatile matter generated by the sufficient pre-pyrolysis enters the catalytic pyrolysis chamber through the pores of the waste residue guide pipe, and is converted into light pyrolysis gas under the action of the umbrella-shaped catalyst; the light pyrolysis gas is discharged through the pyrolysis gas outlet, and then separated to obtain pyrolysis oil and combustible gas; the combustible gas is introduced into the burner for combustion and heating; and the solid residue is discharged through the catalyst installation column.

[0025] Further, in step S1, the burner is started to make the flue gas enter the external shell through the flue gas inlet, the pre-pyrolysis chamber is heated to 300-450 DEG C, and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber is heated to 500-700 DEG C.

[0026] The present application can achieve the following technical effects:

[0027] The application adopts an integrated structure of an upper pre-pyrolysis chamber and a lower catalytic pyrolysis chamber, the material flows from top to bottom, without intermediate conveying pipeline, thereby reducing energy loss and risk in the material transmission process; the introduction of water vapor environment promotes molecular bond breakage, accelerates the cracking rate, and promotes the generation of aromatic hydrocarbons; and carbon deposition on the catalyst blade can also be reduced. The hollow flue gas channel design of the external shell realizes heating of the two pyrolysis chambers, and the combustible gas generated by pyrolysis is recycled as burner fuel, thereby significantly improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0028] The flexible scraper on the outer edge of the pre-pyrolysis chamber can continuously scratch the inner wall and timely remove the attached material, thereby significantly reducing the wall fouling phenomenon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the two-stage integrated pyrolysis device for organic solid waste disclosed by the application.

[0030] Figure 2 A step flow chart of the two-stage integrated pyrolysis method for organic solid waste disclosed by the application.

[0031] Figure 3 A rotating shaft schematic diagram of the two-stage integrated pyrolysis device for organic solid waste disclosed by the application.

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the pre-passivation stirring blade and the sharp stirring blade of the two-stage integrated pyrolysis device for organic solid waste disclosed by the application.

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the screening guide vane of the two-stage integrated pyrolysis device for organic solid waste disclosed by the application.

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the waste residue guide pipe of the two-stage integrated pyrolysis device for organic solid waste disclosed by the application.

[0035] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the umbrella-shaped catalyst of the two-stage integrated pyrolysis device for organic solid waste disclosed by the application.

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the catalyst mounting column of the two-stage integrated pyrolysis device for organic solid waste disclosed by the application.

[0037] In the figure: 1-vapor inlet; 2-feed inlet; 3-pre-pyrolysis chamber; 4-pre-passivation stirring blade; 5-sharp stirring blade; 6-rotating shaft; 7-screening guide vane; 8-waste residue guide pipe; 9-catalytic pyrolysis chamber; 10-umbrella-shaped catalyst; 11-pyrolysis gas outlet; 12-catalyst mounting column; 13-flue gas inlet; 14-external shell; 15-driving device; 16-flue gas outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the present application.

[0039] Reference Figures 1-8 A two-stage integrated pyrolysis device suitable for organic solid waste, comprising an external shell 14; the external shell 14 is internally divided into a pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 in the upper part and a catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 in the lower part; a driving device 15 is arranged at the top of the external shell 14;

[0040] The pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 is located in the upper region of the device, which is the place where the material is preliminarily pyrolyzed. The pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 comprises a plurality of stages of blades and a rotating shaft 6; the rotating shaft 6 is arranged at the axis position of the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 and penetrates through the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3; the upper end of the rotating shaft 6 is connected with the driving device 15, and the middle and lower part of the rotating shaft 6 is provided with a plurality of stages of blades;

[0041] The rotating shaft 6 is a hollow structure, the upper end of which is provided with a steam inlet 1 and is connected with a steam generator, and a plurality of nozzles with tapered structures are distributed on the side wall, which are in communication with the hollow channel of the rotating shaft 6. After the water vapor enters the rotating shaft 6 through the steam inlet 1, it is uniformly sprayed into the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 through the nozzles. It should be noted that the steam generator is used to generate water vapor, which is transported to the steam inlet 1 of the rotating shaft 6 through a pipeline to provide a water vapor environment for the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3. The water vapor not only accelerates the breaking of molecular bonds of the material and improves the cracking rate in the pre-pyrolysis process, but also has a steam reforming reaction with the accumulated carbon on the surface of the catalyst in the subsequent catalytic pyrolysis process, reducing the deposition of accumulated carbon. The structure and principle of the steam generator are prior art and will not be described in detail in this application.

[0042] Further, the plurality of stages of blades comprise blunt stirring blades 4 and sharpened stirring blades 5;

[0043] The rotating shaft is sequentially provided with the blunt stirring blades 4 and the sharpened stirring blades 5 from top to bottom;

[0044] One side of the blade edge of the blunt stirring blade 4 is blunt treated; the blunt treatment enables the blunt stirring blade 4 to fully stir the material in the rotating process, so that the material is uniformly heated; one side of the blade edge of the sharpened stirring blade 5 is sharpened, forming a sharp cutting edge. The blade is mainly used for secondary shearing and crushing of the large particle material which is not fully softened or decomposed in the pre-pyrolysis process, crushing it into smaller particles, increasing the contact area of the material with the heat carrier and water vapor, and promoting the further decomposition of the material.

[0045] The outer edges of the blunt stirring blade 4 and the sharp stirring blade 5 are provided with flexible scrapers; the flexible scrapers can be made of high-temperature-resistant rubber scrapers; while the blades rotate to disturb the materials, the flexible scrapers on the outer sides can constantly scratch the inner walls of the pre-pyrolysis chamber to timely remove the materials adhered to the inner walls, effectively slowing down the agglomeration and fouling of the wall materials.

[0046] The axial spacing between the blunt stirring blade 4 and the sharp stirring blade 5 is 5-10 mm.

[0047] Further, the multi-stage blade further includes a screening guide blade 7; the screening guide blade 7 is arranged below the sharp stirring blade 5 and is a vertically arranged spiral blade structure, and a stepped structure is arranged on the upper surface of the blade, and the pitch is 2-6 mm; if the materials are large particles, the size is greater than the pitch, and they will not enter the inside of the screening guide blade 7 to be transported downward following the rotation of the screening guide blade 7; if the impurities or residual carbon remaining after the reaction is sufficient, the size is smaller than the pitch, and they can be transported downward under the action of the screening guide blade 7; the screening guide blade 7 can not only realize material screening but also guide the impurities or residual carbon remaining after the reaction and pyrolysis volatiles to flow into the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9, and the materials that are not fully reacted are retained in the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 to continue to react.

[0048] Further, the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 is located in the lower region of the device and is connected to the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 and is a place for deep pyrolysis and catalytic conversion of the materials, and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 includes a waste residue guide pipe 8 and a catalyst mounting column 12.

[0049] The upper part of the waste residue guide pipe 8 is a funnel structure, the upper end thereof is connected to the bottom of the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3, the side wall thereof is provided with apertures for the volatiles to pass through, the lower end of the waste residue guide pipe 8 is connected to the upper end of the catalyst mounting column 12, the catalyst mounting column 12 is a hollow circular pipe structure, the pyrolysis volatiles generated in the pre-pyrolysis process can enter the reaction space of the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 through the apertures of the waste residue guide pipe 8, and the solid residues fall along the inner wall of the waste residue guide pipe 8 to the hollow channel of the catalyst mounting column 12 under the action of gravity. The conical structure of the waste residue guide pipe 8 is beneficial to the smooth falling of the solid residues and avoids the accumulation of the residues in the pipe.

[0050] Further, the catalyst mounting column 12 is further provided with umbrella-shaped catalysts 10, the outer side of the catalyst mounting column 12 is provided with a plurality of insertion slots, and the umbrella-shaped catalysts 10 are inserted into and fixed on the catalyst mounting column 12 through the insertion slots; the umbrella-shaped catalyst module is quickly connected with the mounting column by means of the plug-in connection structure, and this design can greatly shorten the shutdown time of the replacement operation and significantly reduce the equipment maintenance difficulty.

[0051] The umbrella-shaped catalyst 10 has multiple layers, each layer of the umbrella-shaped catalyst 10 is spliced by 3-6 catalyst modules, and the splicing forms the umbrella-shaped catalyst 10 with a complete umbrella-shaped structure; the outer circumferential size of the umbrella-shaped catalyst 10 matches the inner wall of the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9; the umbrella-shaped structure increases the contact area of the catalyst and the pyrolysis volatiles, so that the pyrolysis volatiles can fully contact the catalyst and occur catalytic reaction. The catalyst is selected from materials with high activity and stability (such as calcium oxide, molecular sieve, etc.), which can promote the further cracking of heavy components in the pyrolysis volatiles into light pyrolysis gas, and improve the quality of the pyrolysis products.

[0052] Further, the external shell 14 includes a feed inlet 2, a pyrolysis gas outlet 11, a flue gas inlet 13, and a flue gas outlet 16; which are respectively used for the entry of the material, the discharge of the pyrolysis gas, the entry of the heated flue gas, and the discharge of the flue gas. The feed inlet 2 is arranged at the top cover position of the external shell 14; the pyrolysis gas outlet 11 has two and is arranged at the bottom of the external shell 14; the flue gas inlet 13 has two and is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the external shell 14; the flue gas outlet 16 has two and is symmetrically arranged at the top of the side wall of the external shell 14;

[0053] The external shell 14 integrally wraps the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9, and the hollow structure is adopted in the internal thereof to form a flue gas passage surrounding the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the burner enters the hollow structure of the external shell 14 through the flue gas inlet 13, exchanges heat with the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 in the internal flow process, and provides the required heat for the two pyrolysis chambers, first heats the catalytic pyrolysis chamber to 600 DEG C, then heats the pre-pyrolysis chamber to 400 DEG C, and finally discharges through the flue gas outlet 16. This design realizes uniform heating of the pre-pyrolysis chamber and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber, and improves the heat utilization efficiency. It should be noted that the burner is a device for providing heat source, and its specific structure and principle are not described herein as prior art.

[0054] A two-stage integrated pyrolysis method suitable for organic solid waste, comprising the following steps:

[0055] S1, start the driving device 15 to drive the multi-stage blade to rotate; the flue gas generated by the burner enters the internal of the external shell 14 through the flue gas inlet 13, and heats the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9;

[0056] S2, add the material into the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 through the feed inlet 2 at a certain rate;

[0057] S3, the steam generated by the steam generator is sprayed to the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 through the rotating shaft 6, and the blunted stirring blade 4 stirs the material gently during rotation to uniformly heat the material and reduce the agglomeration of sticky substances; the sharpened stirring blade 5 shears and breaks the large particle material that has not been fully softened or decomposed into smaller particles, promoting further decomposition of the material. The flexible scraper on the outer edge of the blade constantly scratches the inner wall of the pre-pyrolysis chamber to timely remove the material adhering to the wall to prevent fouling, and the material that has reacted sufficiently enters the waste residue guide pipe 8 through the screening and flow guiding blade 7, and the material that has not reacted sufficiently is retained and continues to be stirred and broken;

[0058] S4, the pyrolysis volatiles generated by sufficient pre-pyrolysis enter the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 through the pores of the waste residue guide pipe 8, and the pyrolysis volatiles enter the catalytic pyrolysis chamber and undergo deep catalytic cracking reaction under the action of high temperature and umbrella-shaped catalyst 10, and the heavy components are further converted into light pyrolysis gas. After the light pyrolysis gas is discharged through the pyrolysis gas outlet 11, it is condensed and distilled, and pyrolysis oil, combustible gas and water are obtained by condensation separation. The pyrolysis oil can be further rectified to obtain high-value chemical products; the combustible gas is introduced into the burner as fuel to provide energy for heating the device, realizing the recycling of energy. The water can be sent back to the steam generator to be heated into steam for spraying in the pre-pyrolysis chamber.

[0059] The solid residues generated in the catalytic pyrolysis process enter the hollow channel of the catalyst installation column 12 through the waste residue guide pipe 8, and are finally discharged from the device.

[0060] Further, in step S1, the burner is started to make the flue gas enter the external shell 14 through the flue gas inlet 13, heat the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 to 300-450℃, and heat the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 to 500-700℃.

[0061] Working principle

[0062] The traditional system separates hydrolysis and pyrolysis, and the two reactors need to be operated independently. The material is transferred between the two units, the heat and material transfer efficiency is low, the equipment operation is complex, and the control difficulty is large. This patent adopts vertical integration and integrated operation. By designing the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 in the same device, a structure of "pre-heating on the top and catalysis on the bottom" is formed. The material flows naturally from top to bottom without the need for intermediate conveying pipeline, reducing the risk of material transfer, and the steam promotes the steam reforming reaction of the catalyst coke to effectively reduce the generation of catalyst coke and improve the contact efficiency and reaction effect of the material and gas. The whole system is more compact, and the equipment management is more convenient.

[0063] In the traditional method, the material is transferred between two independent reactors, which has the risk of material sticking, coking and plugging, and in the process of material transfer, a condensation step needs to be added. The integrated device of the application directly flows from the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 to the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 by gravity, and is screened under the action of the screening guide vane 7. Ensure that the material that is completely pyrolyzed smoothly enters the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9, and the material that is not completely reacted continues to be treated in the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3.

[0064] In the traditional method, the pre-pyrolysis device and the catalytic pyrolysis device are independently arranged, and need to be heated respectively, and the flue gas after heating directly enters the tail gas treatment system, resulting in a large amount of energy waste. The integrated design of the application connects the internal flue gas channels of the device, effectively reducing the heat loss caused by separate heating and direct flue gas discharge, achieving efficient cascade utilization of energy.

[0065] The technical scheme of the application will be further described below through specific examples and drawings. The examples are to help understand the application and are not as a limitation on the application.

[0066] Example 1 (raw material is waste polyester fabric fragments)

[0067] After starting work, open the driving device 15 to make the rotating shaft 6 drive the multi-stage blade to start rotating; add waste fabric fragments into the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 through the feeding port 2 at a certain feeding rate, and the temperature of the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 is 400℃; the rotating shaft 6 in the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 sprays water vapor with a flow rate of 1.75m 3 / h outward, and drives the multi-stage blade to rotate, so that the material at the top end of the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 is uniformly pre-pyrolyzed; the pre-pyrolyzed material passes through the screening guide vane 7 to enter the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9, and the polyester waste material with a size not less than the predetermined size is hindered by the screening guide vane 7 and stays in the pre-pyrolysis chamber, and continues to react under the stirring and crushing action of the blunt stirring blade 4 and the sharp stirring blade 5 until it is fully reacted; the volatile component enters the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 with a temperature of 600℃, and continues to pyrolyze after contacting with the calcium oxide catalyst until it is completely pyrolyzed; the pyrolysis gas enters the flue gas inlet 13 after the combustion of the combustor to generate flue gas, which continues to heat the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9; the solid residue enters the residue channel and is discharged through the discharge port. The entire device realizes the resource utilization of waste polyester, and the pyrolysis oil yield is 32.41wt%, the aromatic hydrocarbon yield is 24.71wt%, and the carbon deposition amount of the catalyst is 2.47wt%.

[0068] Comparative Example 2 (lacking sharp stirring blade 5)

[0069] After starting work, the driving device 15 starts to drive only the blunt stirring blade 4 to rotate with the rotating shaft, and water vapor is introduced into the rotating shaft 6 at the same time; the waste fabric fragments are added into the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 through the feeding port 2 at a feeding rate of 150 kg / h, and the temperature of the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 is kept at 400 DEG C; the rotating shaft 6 in the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 sprays water vapor outward at a flow rate of 1.75 m 3 / h, the material at the top end of the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 is pre-pyrolyzed under the action of water vapor, and the material cannot be effectively broken and screened due to the lack of cutting action of the sharpened stirring blade 5; the waste fabric fragments after pre-pyrolysis enter the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 under the joint action of gravity and the stirring of the blunt stirring blade 4, and the material is still difficult to ensure that the pyrolysis is sufficient; the volatile enters the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 at a temperature of 650 DEG C, contacts with calcium oxide catalyst and continues to pyrolyze until complete; the flue gas generated after the pyrolysis gas enters the burner enters the flue through the flue gas inlet, and continuously heats the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9; the solid residue enters the residue channel and is finally discharged through the discharge port. The entire device cannot realize effective separation and crushing due to the lack of sharpened stirring blade 5, the pyrolysis oil yield is 24.41wt%, the aromatic hydrocarbon yield is 19.71wt%, and the carbon deposition amount of the catalyst is 5.76wt%.

[0070] Comparative Example 3 (lacking blunt stirring blade 4)

[0071] After starting work, the driving device 15 starts to drive only the blunt stirring blade 4 to rotate with the rotating shaft, and water vapor is introduced into the rotating shaft 6 at the same time; the waste fabric fragments are added into the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 through the feeding port 2 at a feeding rate of 150 kg / h, and the temperature of the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 is kept at 400 DEG C; the rotating shaft 6 in the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 sprays water vapor outward at a flow rate of 1.75 m 3water vapor, the material at the top end of the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 is pre-pyrolyzed under the action of water vapor, the lack of blunting stirring blades 4 leads to the inability to break the agglomeration tendency of the preliminary softened particles inside the device, resulting in part of the material being softened and bonded due to local temperature rise during pre-pyrolysis, forming agglomerates. Although the sharpening stirring blades 5 continue to cut and break the material, due to the lack of pre-dispersion of the sharpening stirring blades 5, the breaking effect on the agglomerates is limited, and the flow path of the material in the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 is chaotic, and the uniformity of heating is poor. The pre-pyrolyzed material moves to the screening guide vanes 7 under the combined action of gravity and the stirring of the sharpening stirring blades 5, and due to the large amount of material being bonded to form particles that exceed the screening standard, it is difficult to pass through the screening guide vanes, resulting in the accumulation of part of the material that is not fully pyrolyzed in the screening area, and only a small amount of fine particles enter the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9. The volatile matter enters the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 with a temperature of 650°C, contacts the calcium oxide catalyst and continues to pyrolyze until complete; the flue gas generated after the pyrolysis gas enters the burner enters the flue through the flue gas inlet 13, continuously heating the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9; the solid residue enters the residue channel and is finally discharged through the discharge port. Due to the lack of stirring dispersion and anti-agglomeration function of the blunting stirring blades 4, the material is severely bonded and the pyrolysis is not sufficient, the pyrolysis oil yield is 22.41wt%, the aromatic hydrocarbon yield is 18.47wt%, and the carbon deposition amount of the catalyst is 6.42wt%.

[0072] Comparative Example 4 (lacking screening guide vanes 7 and waste residue guide pipe 8)

[0073] After starting work, the driving device 15 is turned on, and the blunting stirring blades 4 and the sharpening stirring blades 5 are simultaneously rotated by the rotating shaft 6; the flue gas generated by the burner enters the inside of the outer shell 14 through the flue gas inlet 13, heating the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9, the temperature of the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 is maintained at 400°C, and the temperature of the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 is controlled at 600°C. The waste fabric fragments are added to the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 at a feeding rate of 150kg / h through the feeding port 2; the rotating shaft 6 in the pre-pyrolysis chamber 3 sprays at a flow rate of 1.75m 3The material is preheated by the mild stirring of the passivation stirring blade 4 and the cutting and breaking of the sharpened stirring blade 5 under the action of water vapor. Due to the lack of screening guide vanes 7, the large-particle material that is not sufficiently pyrolyzed directly enters the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9 without distinction from the small-particle material that is sufficiently pyrolyzed; meanwhile, due to the lack of the waste residue guide pipe 8, the solid residue cannot be discharged through a specific path and can only be accumulated at the bottom of the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9. In the material entering the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9, the large particles continue to crack due to insufficient pyrolysis, generating a large amount of heavy tar and carbon precursor, which is mixed with the small-particle residue and accumulated on the surface of the umbrella-shaped catalyst 10 and at the bottom of the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9; as the reaction proceeds, the accumulated material gradually blocks the gap between the catalysts, hindering the contact between the volatile and the catalyst, resulting in a significant decrease in the catalytic reaction efficiency. After the volatile contacts with the calcium oxide catalyst in the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9, due to the serious carbon deposition on the catalyst, the conversion is incomplete, and part of the unreacted heavy components are discharged with the pyrolysis gas. The accumulated solid residue cannot be discharged through a specific path and gradually fills the lower space of the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 9. Finally, the yield of pyrolysis oil is only 17.85wt%, the yield of aromatic hydrocarbon is 12.91wt%, and the amount of carbon deposition on the catalyst is 8.91wt%.

[0074] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, different embodiments or examples described in the present specification and the features of different embodiments or examples can be combined and modified by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

[0075] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above-described embodiments within the scope of the present application.

[0076] The specific embodiments of the present application described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application. Any various other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical concept of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A two-stage integrated pyrolysis device suitable for organic solid waste, characterized in that, It includes an outer shell (14); the interior of the outer shell (14) is divided into an upper preheating chamber (3) and a lower catalytic pyrolysis chamber (9); a driving device (15) is provided on the top of the outer shell (14); The preheating chamber (3) is provided with multi-stage blades and a rotating shaft (6); the rotating shaft (6) is located at the axial position of the preheating chamber (3) and passes through the preheating chamber (3); the upper end of the rotating shaft (6) is connected to the driving device (15), and the middle and lower part of the rotating shaft (6) is provided with multi-stage blades; The rotating shaft (6) is a hollow structure with a steam inlet (1) at its upper end and connected to a steam generator. Multiple nozzles are distributed on the side wall of the rotating shaft (6). Water vapor enters the rotating shaft (6) through the steam inlet (1) and is then sprayed into the preheating chamber (3) through the nozzles. The multi-stage blades include passivated stirring blades (4) and sharpened stirring blades (5); The rotating shaft (6) is equipped with passivating stirring blades (4) and sharpening stirring blades (5) from top to bottom; The blade edge of the passivated stirring blade (4) is passivated on one side; the blade edge of the sharpened stirring blade (5) is sharpened on one side; and flexible scrapers are provided on the outer edges of both the passivated stirring blade (4) and the sharpened stirring blade (5). The catalytic pyrolysis chamber (9) is equipped with a waste residue guide pipe (8) and a catalyst mounting column (12); The upper part of the waste residue guide pipe (8) is a funnel-shaped structure, and the side wall of the funnel-shaped structure is provided with pores for volatiles to pass through; the lower end of the waste residue guide pipe (8) is connected to the upper end of the catalyst mounting column (12); the catalyst mounting column (12) is a hollow circular tube structure; the waste residue guide pipe (8) is used to guide solid residue to fall into the hollow circular tube of the catalyst mounting column (12); The catalyst mounting column (12) is also provided with an umbrella-shaped catalyst (10). The outer side of the catalyst mounting column (12) is provided with a slot, and the umbrella-shaped catalyst (10) is inserted into and fixed on the catalyst mounting column (12) through the slot.

2. The two-stage integrated pyrolysis device for organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-stage blade also includes a screening guide blade (7); the screening guide blade (7) is located below the sharpening stirring blade (5), and the screening guide blade (7) is a vertically arranged spiral blade structure with a stepped structure on the upper surface of the blade.

3. The two-stage integrated pyrolysis device for organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The umbrella-shaped catalyst (10) has multiple layers, and each layer of umbrella-shaped catalyst (10) is composed of several catalyst modules spliced ​​together; the outer circumference of the umbrella-shaped catalyst (10) matches the inner wall of the catalytic pyrolysis chamber (9).

4. The two-stage integrated pyrolysis device for organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer casing (14) includes a feed inlet (2), a pyrolysis gas outlet (11), a flue gas inlet (13), and a flue gas outlet (16); the feed inlet (2) is located at the top cover of the outer casing (14); there are two pyrolysis gas outlets (11) respectively located at the bottom of the outer casing (14); there are two flue gas inlets (13) symmetrically located at the bottom of the side wall of the outer casing (14); there are two flue gas outlets (16) symmetrically located at the top of the side wall of the outer casing (14). The sidewall of the outer shell (14) is hollow; the hollow structure serves as a flue gas flow channel. The flue gas inlet (13) is connected to the flue gas output pipe of the burner. After the high-temperature flue gas enters the hollow structure through the flue gas inlet (13), it first heats the catalytic pyrolysis chamber (9) to 600°C, and then heats the preheating chamber (3) to 400°C. The flue gas after heat exchange is discharged through the flue gas outlet (16).

5. A two-stage integrated pyrolysis method for organic solid waste, using the two-stage integrated pyrolysis device for organic solid waste as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Start the drive device (15) to drive the multi-stage blades to rotate; the flue gas generated by the burner enters the interior of the outer shell (14) through the flue gas inlet (13) to heat the preheating chamber (3) and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber (9); S2. Add materials into the preheating chamber (3) at a certain rate through the feed inlet (2); S3. The steam generated by the steam generator is sprayed into the preheating chamber (3) through the rotating shaft (6). The material is uniformly pyrolyzed under the action of the passivated stirring blades (4) and the sharpened stirring blades (5). The fully reacted material enters the waste residue guide pipe (8) through the screening guide blades (7), while the unreacted material is retained and continues to be stirred and crushed. S4. The pyrolysis volatiles generated by the preheating process enter the catalytic pyrolysis chamber (9) through the pores of the waste residue guide pipe (8). Under the action of the umbrella-shaped catalyst (10), they are converted into light pyrolysis gas. The light pyrolysis gas is discharged through the pyrolysis gas outlet (11) and then separated to obtain pyrolysis oil and combustible gas. The combustible gas is fed into the burner for combustion and heating. The solid residue is discharged through the catalyst mounting column (12).

6. The two-stage integrated pyrolysis method for organic solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S1, the burner is started so that the flue gas enters the outer shell (14) through the flue gas inlet (13), the preheating chamber (3) is heated to 300~450°C, and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber (9) is heated to 500~700°C.

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