Internet of Things system for monitoring fluid parameters of geothermal pipeline

Abstract

The invention discloses an Internet of Things system for monitoring fluid parameters of a geothermal pipeline, and the system comprises a sensor module which is used for collecting the fluid parameters in the geothermal pipeline in real time; the Internet of Things equipment box module is used for performing signal conversion, analysis and processing on the sensor signals; the power supply module is used for providing continuous low-power-consumption power support under the condition of no commercial power; the equipment waterproof, dustproof and high-temperature-resistant module is used for ensuring that the equipment and the sensor have IP68-level protection characteristics; the local communication interface module is used for communication of local equipment; and the remote platform module is used for receiving, storing, processing and displaying the data from the equipment. By combining the Internet of Things technology, the low-power-consumption design and the high protection capacity, the efficient and stable system suitable for geothermal fluid monitoring in the remote area is provided, and the problem of equipment operation under the severe environment without mains supply for power supply is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of industrial Internet of Things, and in particular to an Internet of Things system for monitoring fluid parameters in geothermal pipelines. Background Art

[0002] As a mineral rich in heat, the development and utilization of geothermal fluids are of great significance in the energy field. The development process of geothermal resources usually involves extracting high-temperature geothermal fluids from underground to the surface through mining wells, extracting the heat for power generation or heating, and then injecting low-temperature fluids back into the ground through reinjection wells. In this process, it is crucial to ensure the material balance of underground fluids. In order to ensure the efficient utilization of geothermal resources and the protection of the underground environment, regulatory authorities usually require the installation of online flow monitoring devices at mining wells and reinjection wellheads to monitor fluid parameters such as flow, pressure, and temperature in real time.

[0003] Existing geothermal fluid monitoring systems typically rely on traditional industrial technologies and are widely used in factories, buildings, and outdoor environments. These systems generally have stable power supplies and ventilation conditions, and can effectively monitor fluid parameters. However, in the geothermal industry, monitoring systems are often deployed in underground wells or isolated outdoor sites lacking power supply. This makes traditional systems unable to fully adapt to the unique environmental conditions of the geothermal industry. In particular, traditional equipment is easily damaged in harsh environments such as high temperature, humidity, and flooding. High temperature and humidity often cause equipment aging, affecting its stability and accuracy. In terms of signal transmission, especially since geothermal sites are mostly underground or open environments, the risk of signal obstruction and data loss is high, which directly affects the integrity and effectiveness of monitoring data.

[0004] Furthermore, traditional monitoring systems have high equipment maintenance costs, especially in remote areas. Frequent equipment failures and aging require constant repair and replacement, significantly increasing operational costs. While suitable for conventional industrial environments, traditional sensor selections do not perform well in environments with high temperatures, high humidity, and corrosive gases, making long-term stable operation of the equipment challenging.

[0005] While IoT technology has been successful in many industrial monitoring applications, most existing IoT monitoring systems fail to specifically address the unique geothermal industry environment. While traditional IoT systems enable data transmission and remote monitoring, they suffer from poor stability and reliability in geothermal's unique environment (such as high temperatures, humidity, and power shortages), making them difficult to operate effectively and efficiently over extended periods of time.

[0006] This patent proposes innovative solutions to address the shortcomings of these existing technologies. First, the patent proposes a low-power, harsh-environment geothermal fluid monitoring system that uses solar energy or battery-powered low-voltage power, solving the problem of traditional systems relying on mains power. Second, the patent's IoT device box and sensors are both IP68-rated waterproof, dustproof, and high-temperature resistant, capable of operating stably in the extreme environments common in the geothermal industry, effectively reducing equipment damage rates. By adopting the RS-485 serial port and Modbus RTU protocol, the system can achieve local data transmission and upload real-time data to a remote platform, thereby improving data transmission efficiency and accuracy.

[0007] In general, this patent proposes a solution to the special needs of the geothermal industry by optimizing the system design. It not only improves the stability and reliability of the equipment, but also effectively reduces the operation and maintenance costs, providing an innovative monitoring method for the efficient development and utilization of geothermal resources. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to propose an Internet of Things system for monitoring fluid parameters in geothermal pipelines. The system uses low-power sensors, solar power supply, and IP68 protection design to ensure stable operation of the equipment in harsh environments, and has the advantages of high reliability, low maintenance cost, and high data transmission accuracy.

[0009] An Internet of Things system for monitoring fluid parameters in a geothermal pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0010] The sensor module is used to collect the fluid parameters in the geothermal pipeline in real time, including temperature, pressure, and flow rate;

[0011] The IoT device box module is used to receive sensor signals and perform signal conversion, analysis and processing on them. The IoT device box module includes power distribution, protection and gateway units;

[0012] A power supply module is used to provide continuous low-power power support when there is no mains power. The power supply module includes solar energy and battery low-voltage power supply modes;

[0013] The equipment is waterproof, dustproof and high-temperature resistant, ensuring that the equipment and sensors have IP68 protection.

[0014] A local communication interface module is used to communicate with local devices via the RS-485 serial port. The local communication interface module uses the standard Modbus RTU protocol to transparently transmit data and provide real-time monitoring data to local users.

[0015] Optionally, modules can be connected using the following methods:

[0016] S1. The sensor module is connected to the signal conversion unit of the IoT device box through a standard interface to collect fluid parameter signals in real time and transmit the parameter signals to the IoT device box;

[0017] S2. The signal conversion unit in the IoT device box converts the sensor signal into a digital signal. The data analysis unit processes the digital signal, and the network transmission unit sends the processed data to the remote platform.

[0018] S3. The power supply module provides continuous power to the system through a low-power supply mode. The gateway module in the IoT device box regularly controls the power supply module to turn on and off according to the power consumption requirements of the device.

[0019] S4. The equipment's waterproof, dustproof and high-temperature resistant modules have passed IP68-level materials and protection measures;

[0020] S5. The local geothermal pipeline fluid parameter communication interface module realizes local data transmission through the RS-485 serial port and Modbus RTU protocol.

[0021] Optionally, S1 includes the following specific steps:

[0022] S11. Based on the requirements for monitoring geothermal pipeline fluid parameters, select temperature, pressure, and flow sensors. The temperature sensor uses an RS-485 interface, the pressure sensor uses a 4-20mA analog signal interface, and the flow sensor uses an RJ-45 Ethernet interface. These sensors collect fluid parameters in the geothermal pipeline in real time, and also collect device status data, including sensor operating status and fault alarms.

[0023] S12. Connect the sensor's signal cable to the signal conversion unit of the IoT device box. The power supply in the IoT device box is controlled by the gateway at a fixed time.

[0024] S13, the original signal collected by the sensor is converted into a digital signal by a signal conversion unit;

[0025] S14. The converted digital signal is transmitted to the sensor signal conversion unit of the IoT device box through a standard interface;

[0026] S15. The operating status of the sensor module is monitored in real time through the IoT device box.

[0027] Optionally, S2 includes the following specific steps:

[0028] S21. The signal conversion unit in the IoT device box receives the digital signal from the sensor module and performs preliminary data preprocessing on the signal. The digital signal is the real-time fluid parameter signal collected by the sensor module, which is represented by X i(t), where i represents the type of fluid parameter (such as temperature, pressure, flow rate), and t represents the acquisition time.

[0029] S22. During the preliminary preprocessing process, the signal range is adjusted to a uniform standard range by normalizing the signal amplitude. The normalization formula of the signal is:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, X′ i (t) represents the normalized signal, X i (t) represents the original signal collected, μ i represents the mean value of the i-th fluid parameter, σ i represents the standard deviation of the i-th fluid parameter.

[0032] S23. Perform a baseline calibration on the normalized signal to ensure that the deviation between the output signal of each sensor and the standard signal is minimized. The calibrated signal is expressed as X″i(t) and satisfies the following relationship:

[0033] X″ i (t) = X′ i (t)-Δ i ;

[0034] Among them, X″ i (t) is the calibrated signal, Δ i is the calibration deviation of the i-th fluid parameter.

[0035] S24. Filter the calibrated data, use a low-pass filter to remove high-frequency noise, and use the Kalman filter algorithm to remove system errors. The processed signal is represented by X filtered (t), satisfying the following relationship:

[0036] X filtered (t) = Kalman(X″) i (t));

[0037] S25, the filtered signal is encoded according to the data frame format of the Modbus RTU protocol and converted into a standard digital data format including a device address, a function code, a data field, and an error check field. The encoding process is expressed as follows:

[0038] ModbusFrame(X filtered (t));

[0039] S26. The encoded data is sent to the remote platform through the network transmission unit in the IoT device box to ensure the integrity and accuracy of data transmission.

[0040] Optionally, S3 includes the following specific steps:

[0041] S31. First, according to the system's equipment power consumption requirements, the gateway module calculates and determines the system's peak power consumption P max and average power consumption P avg , where P max is the maximum power consumption, P avg is the average power consumption, and the calculation formula is: P max =max(P1,P2,…,P n )

[0042]

[0043] Among them, P i is the power consumption of the i-th device, and n is the total number of devices.

[0044] S32, gateway module according to P max and P avg , dynamically adjust the power supply module on and off to ensure that the system power supply operates stably in low power mode. The power consumption control process is P control , the following conditions are met:

[0045] P control =f(P max ,P avg );

[0046] Among them, P control is the control signal, and f is the control function adjusted according to the power consumption requirement.

[0047] S33. The power supply module supplies power to the IoT device box in a low-power mode, such as solar energy, battery, or other low-voltage power supply mode. The power supply module is turned on and off regularly according to the control signal of the gateway module to ensure the continuity and stability of the power supply.

[0048] S34. The gateway module calculates and adjusts the on and off time of the power supply module in each control cycle according to the actual power consumption requirements of the device to ensure that the working cycle of the power supply module meets the requirements of P control requirements to optimize energy efficiency.

[0049] S35. The power supply module continuously monitors the system power consumption during operation and adjusts the working mode according to the changing power consumption requirements. When the power consumption reaches the set threshold, the power supply module switches to the energy-saving mode to ensure low-power operation of the equipment.

[0050] Optionally, S4 includes the following specific steps:

[0051] S41, the equipment's waterproof, dustproof and high-temperature resistant module uses IP68-level protective materials to fully seal the IoT device box and sensor module, ensuring that the equipment can operate normally in humid, dusty and high-temperature environments;

[0052] S42, sensor module and connecting cables are made of high-temperature alloy, stainless steel and fluororubber materials, which can withstand the high temperature environment near geothermal pipelines as well as chemical corrosion and physical wear;

[0053] S43. The connection port of the IoT device box uses a waterproof connector with a built-in rubber clamping ring to ensure the waterproof and dustproof capabilities of the connection port and prevent the external environment from interfering with the internal structure of the device.

[0054] S44. A temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are installed inside the IoT device box to monitor the environmental changes inside the device box in real time. When the ambient temperature exceeds 80°C or the humidity exceeds 90%, an alarm system is triggered.

[0055] S45. The housing of the equipment protection module is made of impact-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloy to prevent the equipment from being physically damaged during installation or damaged during long-term operation, thereby extending the service life of the equipment;

[0056] S46, the equipment protection module dynamically adjusts according to environmental changes, evaluates environmental conditions and equipment status in real time, and automatically adjusts protection measures when environmental conditions change to ensure stable operation of the equipment in different environments.

[0057] Optionally, S5 includes the following specific steps:

[0058] S51, the local geothermal pipeline fluid parameter communication interface module is connected to the signal conversion unit in the Internet of Things device box through the RS-485 serial port, and the standard Modbus RTU protocol is used for data transmission. The data transmission process is as follows:

[0059] ModbusFrame(X filtered (t));

[0060] Among them, X filtered (t) represents the filtered fluid parameter signal, and ModbusFrame represents the data frame format of the Modbus RTU protocol.

[0061] S52. During data transmission, the RS-485 serial port implements reliable data transmission through differential signal transmission. The differential signal formula is:

[0062] V diff =V A -V B ;

[0063] Among them, Vdiff is a differential signal, V A and V B They are the voltages of the two signal lines on the RS-485 communication line.

[0064] S53, Modbus RTU protocol specifies the data packet format, which includes device address D, function code F, data field D data , and the check field C, satisfying the following formula:

[0065] ModbusFrame=(D,F,D data ,C);

[0066] Among them, D is the device address, F is the function code, d data is the transmitted data, and C is the check field.

[0067] S54. During the transmission process, the Modbus RTU protocol uses the CRC-16 checksum algorithm to check the data to ensure the reliability of data transmission. The checksum formula is:

[0068] CRC16(X)=CheckSum(X);

[0069] Where X represents the transmitted data, CRC16(X) is the CRC checksum of the data, and CheckSum(X) is the calculation process of the CRC checksum.

[0070] S55: When data is transmitted via the RS-485 serial port and Modbus RTU protocol, the data transmission status is monitored in real time to ensure data integrity and accuracy. If a data transmission error occurs, it will be automatically retransmitted or a fault alarm will be issued according to the protocol.

[0071] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0072] By employing low-power sensors and solar-powered power supplies, this invention addresses the issue of geothermal fluid monitoring systems being unable to operate properly without utility power, ensuring the continued stable operation of the equipment in remote locations and harsh environments. Furthermore, the IoT device box of this invention features an IP68-rated waterproof, dustproof, and high-temperature resistant design, effectively improving the durability and stability of the equipment. This avoids the vulnerability of traditional equipment to damage in high-temperature, humid, and flooded environments, thereby extending the system's service life.

[0073] Furthermore, by using the Modbus RTU protocol for local data transmission and real-time transmission of monitoring data to a remote platform, this invention significantly improves data transmission accuracy and efficiency, reduces data loss and transmission delays, and enhances the overall efficiency of the system. Overall, this invention not only enhances the reliability and adaptability of the equipment, but also effectively reduces maintenance costs, providing a reliable technical foundation for the efficient development and utilization of geothermal resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0074] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0075] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for an Internet of Things system for monitoring fluid parameters in geothermal pipelines proposed by the present invention;

[0076] Figure 2 This is a system flow chart of an Internet of Things system for monitoring geothermal pipeline fluid parameters proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are simplified schematic diagrams that illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner.

[0078] refer to Figure 1-2 , an Internet of Things system for monitoring fluid parameters in geothermal pipelines, comprising:

[0079] The IoT device box module is used to receive sensor signals and perform signal conversion, analysis and processing on them. The IoT device box module includes power distribution, protection and gateway units;

[0080] A power supply module is used to provide continuous low-power power support when there is no mains power. The power supply module includes solar energy and battery low-voltage power supply modes;

[0081] The equipment is waterproof, dustproof and high-temperature resistant, ensuring that the equipment and sensors have IP68 protection.

[0082] A local communication interface module is used to communicate with local devices via the RS-485 serial port. The local communication interface module uses the standard Modbus RTU protocol to transparently transmit data and provide real-time monitoring data to local users.

[0083] The remote platform module is used to receive, store, process and display data from the device. The remote platform includes an Internet of Things communication gateway, a data storage database, a business computing center and a data display system.

[0084] In this embodiment, the modules are connected through the following methods:

[0085] S1. The sensor module is connected to the signal conversion unit of the IoT device box through a standard interface to collect fluid parameter signals in real time and transmit the parameter signals to the IoT device box;

[0086] S2. The signal conversion unit in the IoT device box converts the sensor signal into a digital signal. The data analysis unit processes the digital signal, and the network transmission unit sends the processed data to the remote platform.

[0087] S3. The power supply module provides continuous power to the system through a low-power supply mode. The gateway module in the IoT device box regularly controls the power supply module to turn on and off according to the power consumption requirements of the device.

[0088] S4. The equipment's waterproof, dustproof and high-temperature resistant modules have passed IP68-level materials and protection measures;

[0089] S5. The local geothermal pipeline fluid parameter communication interface module realizes local data transmission through the RS-485 serial port and Modbus RTU protocol.

[0090] In this embodiment, S1 includes the following specific steps:

[0091] S11. Based on the requirements for monitoring geothermal pipeline fluid parameters, select temperature, pressure, and flow sensors. The temperature sensor uses an RS-485 interface, the pressure sensor uses a 4-20mA analog signal interface, and the flow sensor uses an RJ-45 Ethernet interface. These sensors collect fluid parameters in the geothermal pipeline in real time, and also collect device status data, including sensor operating status and fault alarms.

[0092] S12. Connect the sensor's signal cable to the signal conversion unit of the IoT device box. The power supply in the IoT device box is controlled by the gateway at a fixed time.

[0093] S13, the original signal collected by the sensor is converted into a digital signal by a signal conversion unit;

[0094] S14. The converted digital signal is transmitted to the sensor signal conversion unit of the IoT device box through a standard interface;

[0095] S15. The operating status of the sensor module is monitored in real time through the IoT device box.

[0096] In this embodiment, S2 includes the following specific steps:

[0097] S21. The signal conversion unit in the IoT device box receives the digital signal from the sensor module and performs preliminary data preprocessing on the signal. The digital signal is the real-time fluid parameter signal collected by the sensor module, which is represented by X i (t), where i represents the type of fluid parameter (such as temperature, pressure, flow rate), and t represents the acquisition time.

[0098] S22. During the preliminary preprocessing process, the signal range is adjusted to a uniform standard range by normalizing the signal amplitude. The normalization formula of the signal is:

[0099]

[0100] Among them, X′ i (t) represents the normalized signal, X i (t) represents the original signal collected, μ i represents the mean value of the i-th fluid parameter, σ i represents the standard deviation of the i-th fluid parameter.

[0101] S23. Perform a baseline calibration on the normalized signal to ensure that the deviation between the output signal of each sensor and the standard signal is minimal. The calibrated signal is represented by X″ i (t), satisfying the following relationship:

[0102] X″ i (t) = X′ i (t)-Δ i ;

[0103] Among them, X″ i (t) is the calibrated signal, Δ i is the calibration deviation of the i-th fluid parameter.

[0104] S24. Filter the calibrated data, use a low-pass filter to remove high-frequency noise, and use the Kalman filter algorithm to remove system errors. The processed signal is represented by X filtered (t), satisfying the following relationship:

[0105] X filtered (t) = Kalman(X″) i (t));

[0106] S25, the filtered signal is encoded according to the data frame format of the Modbus RTU protocol and converted into a standard digital data format including a device address, a function code, a data field, and an error check field. The encoding process is expressed as follows:

[0107] ModbusFrame(X filtered (t));

[0108] S26. The encoded data is sent to the remote platform through the network transmission unit in the IoT device box to ensure the integrity and accuracy of data transmission.

[0109] In this embodiment, the IoT device box receives digital signals from the sensor module and performs preliminary data preprocessing on them, including filtering and error removal. Specifically, the digital signal is passed through a low-pass filter to remove high-frequency noise, and the system error is removed through the Kalman filter algorithm. The processed data is encoded according to the Modbus RTU protocol to form a standard data frame format, which contains the device address, function code, data field and error check field. The formatted data is sent to the data analysis unit to calculate the flow rate and flow fluctuations, analyze the changes in the fluid in the pipeline, and identify possible abnormal conditions. Finally, the analyzed data is sent to the remote platform through the network transmission unit in the Modbus RTU protocol standard format to achieve real-time data monitoring and remote management.

[0110] In this embodiment, S3 includes the following specific steps:

[0111] S31. First, according to the system's equipment power consumption requirements, the gateway module calculates and determines the system's peak power consumption P max and average power consumption P avg , where P max is the maximum power consumption, P avg is the average power consumption, and the calculation formula is: P max =max(P1,P2,…,P n )

[0112]

[0113] Among them, P i is the power consumption of the i-th device, and n is the total number of devices.

[0114] S32, gateway module according to P max and P avg , dynamically adjust the power supply module on and off to ensure that the system power supply operates stably in low power mode. The power consumption control process is P control , the following conditions are met:

[0115] P control =f(P max ,P avg );

[0116] Among them, P control is the control signal, and f is the control function adjusted according to the power consumption requirement.

[0117] S33. The power supply module supplies power to the IoT device box in a low-power mode, such as solar energy, battery, or other low-voltage power supply mode. The power supply module is turned on and off regularly according to the control signal of the gateway module to ensure the continuity and stability of the power supply.

[0118] S34. The gateway module calculates and adjusts the on and off time of the power supply module in each control cycle according to the actual power consumption requirements of the device to ensure that the working cycle of the power supply module meets the requirements of P control requirements to optimize energy efficiency.

[0119] S35. The power supply module continuously monitors the system power consumption during operation and adjusts the working mode according to the changing power consumption requirements. When the power consumption reaches the set threshold, the power supply module switches to the energy-saving mode to ensure low-power operation of the equipment.

[0120] In this embodiment, the gateway module first calculates and determines the peak power consumption and average power consumption of the system based on the power consumption requirements of the system's equipment, and then dynamically adjusts the on and off of the power supply module based on these power consumption values. The power supply module provides power to the IoT device box through solar energy or low-voltage battery power supply, and performs switching operations at regular intervals according to the control signal of the gateway module. Within each control cycle, the gateway module will further calculate and adjust the on and off duration of the power supply module based on the actual power consumption requirements of the device. During the operation of the power supply module, it continuously monitors the power consumption of the system and adjusts the working mode according to changes in power consumption. When the power consumption reaches the set threshold, the power supply module will switch to energy-saving mode to ensure low-power operation of the device, thereby extending the service life of the system and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0121] In this embodiment, S5 includes the following specific steps:

[0122] S41, the equipment's waterproof, dustproof and high-temperature resistant module uses IP68-level protective materials to fully seal the IoT device box and sensor module, ensuring that the equipment can operate normally in humid, dusty and high-temperature environments;

[0123] S42, sensor module and connecting cables are made of high-temperature alloy, stainless steel and fluororubber materials, which can withstand the high temperature environment near geothermal pipelines as well as chemical corrosion and physical wear;

[0124] S43. The connection port of the IoT device box uses a waterproof connector with a built-in rubber clamping ring to ensure the waterproof and dustproof capabilities of the connection port and prevent the external environment from interfering with the internal structure of the device.

[0125] S44. A temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are installed inside the IoT device box to monitor the environmental changes inside the device box in real time. When the ambient temperature exceeds 80°C or the humidity exceeds 90%, an alarm system is triggered.

[0126] S45. The housing of the equipment protection module is made of impact-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloy to prevent the equipment from being physically damaged during installation or damaged during long-term operation, thereby extending the service life of the equipment;

[0127] S46, the equipment protection module dynamically adjusts according to environmental changes, evaluates environmental conditions and equipment status in real time, and automatically adjusts protection measures when environmental conditions change to ensure stable operation of the equipment in different environments.

[0128] In this embodiment, the device's waterproof, dustproof, and high-temperature-resistant module fully seals the IoT device box and sensor module with IP68-rated protective materials, ensuring stable operation in humid, dusty, and high-temperature environments. The sensor module and its connecting cables are constructed from heat- and corrosion-resistant materials such as high-temperature alloys, stainless steel, and fluororubber to enhance the device's durability in harsh environments. The IoT device box's wiring ports utilize waterproof connectors with built-in rubber clamping rings, further enhancing its waterproof capabilities. Furthermore, temperature and humidity sensors are installed within the device to monitor ambient temperature and humidity in real time. When the ambient temperature exceeds 80°C or the humidity exceeds 90%, an alarm system is triggered. The device's protective module housing is constructed of aluminum alloy, offering excellent heat and corrosion resistance. Finally, the protective module dynamically adjusts to changing environmental conditions, assessing changes in real time and automatically adjusting protective measures to ensure continuous and stable operation of the device in a variety of environments.

[0129] In this embodiment, S4 includes the following specific steps:

[0130] S51, the local geothermal pipeline fluid parameter communication interface module is connected to the signal conversion unit in the Internet of Things device box through the RS-485 serial port, and the standard Modbus RTU protocol is used for data transmission. The data transmission process is as follows:

[0131] ModbusFrame(X filtered (t));

[0132] Among them, X filtered (t) represents the filtered fluid parameter signal, and ModbusFrame represents the data frame format of the Modbus RTU protocol.

[0133] S52. During data transmission, the RS-485 serial port implements reliable data transmission through differential signal transmission. The differential signal formula is:

[0134] V diff =V A -V B ;

[0135] Among them, Vdiff is a differential signal, V A and V B They are the voltages of the two signal lines on the RS-485 communication line.

[0136] S53, Modbus RTU protocol specifies the data packet format, which includes device address D, function code F, data field D data , and the check field C, satisfying the following formula:

[0137] ModbusFrame=(D,F,D data ,C);

[0138] Among them, D is the device address, F is the function code, D data is the transmitted data, and C is the check field.

[0139] S54. During the transmission process, the Modbus RTU protocol uses the CRC-16 checksum algorithm to check the data to ensure the reliability of data transmission. The checksum formula is:

[0140] CRC16(X)=CheckSum(X);

[0141] Where X represents the transmitted data, CRC16(X) is the CRC checksum of the data, and CheckSum(X) is the calculation process of the CRC checksum.

[0142] S55: When data is transmitted via the RS-485 serial port and Modbus RTU protocol, the data transmission status is monitored in real time to ensure data integrity and accuracy. If a data transmission error occurs, it will be automatically retransmitted or a fault alarm will be issued according to the protocol.

[0143] In this embodiment, the local geothermal pipeline fluid parameter communication interface module is connected to the signal conversion unit in the Internet of Things device box through the RS-485 serial port, and the standard Modbus RTU protocol is used for data transmission. During the data transmission process, the RS-485 serial port transmits fluid parameter data and device status data through differential signals to ensure the stability and reliability of signal transmission. According to the Modbus RTU protocol, the format of the transmitted data packet includes the device address, function code, data field and check field to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data. To ensure the correctness of the data, the Modbus RTU protocol uses the CRC-16 checksum algorithm to verify the data to avoid data errors during the transmission process. During the data transmission process, the system monitors the data transmission status in real time. If a transmission error occurs, the system will automatically retransmit the data or trigger a fault alarm according to the protocol to ensure the continuous stability and timeliness of data transmission.

[0144] Example 1:

[0145] This embodiment demonstrates the actual application of the present invention in a geothermal power station. The geothermal power station is located in a remote mountainous area with a hot climate and high humidity. There is no mains electricity supply. The natural environmental conditions in the area where the power station is located are very harsh. The extraction and reinjection process of geothermal resources need to be strictly monitored and managed. The power station uses underground geothermal fluid to generate electricity. The fluid is extracted from the underground high-temperature area through the extraction well. After the heat is extracted at the geothermal power station, it is converted into a low-temperature fluid, and then the fluid is injected into the ground through the reinjection well. In order to ensure the balance of the reinjected fluid and the rational use of the fluid, the power station needs to monitor the flow rate, temperature, pressure and other parameters of the geothermal fluid in real time. Since the equipment of the power station is installed in a mountainous area far away from the urban area, it is impossible to obtain a stable power supply and the environment is harsh. It is difficult for traditional monitoring systems to work normally in this environment. Therefore, the geothermal fluid monitoring system of the present invention adopts low-power sensors and Internet of Things technology, as well as solar power supply, to provide a long-term stable and efficient monitoring solution for the power station.

[0146] In this practical application, the present invention achieves real-time monitoring of fluids in geothermal pipelines by combining an IoT device box with a sensor module. Temperature, pressure, and flow sensors are installed in the geothermal pipelines. These sensors are connected to the IoT device box's signal conversion unit via an RS-485 serial port. The sensors collect real-time data such as temperature, pressure, and flow, which is transmitted to a remote monitoring platform via the Modbus RTU protocol. The signal conversion unit within the IoT device box filters the collected raw signals, using a low-pass filter to remove high-frequency noise and a Kalman filter algorithm to eliminate systematic errors, ensuring data accuracy and stability.

[0147] The system's greatest advantages lie in its low power consumption and ability to operate without mains electricity. Since power stations are located without mains electricity, traditional monitoring equipment cannot use it. However, this system uses low-voltage solar power and batteries. A gateway module within the IoT device box controls the power module's on and off, ensuring stable operation without mains electricity and minimizing energy consumption. Furthermore, both the device and sensor module utilize an IP68-rated waterproof, dustproof, and high-temperature resistant design, enabling long-term stable operation in humid, hot, and harsh environments, reducing equipment failure rates and maintenance costs.

[0148] In actual application, the system monitors the real-time data of geothermal fluid through a remote platform. The staff can view the working status of the equipment, flow fluctuations and other key information at any time through the remote platform. When the system detects an abnormal situation, it can issue an alarm in time to remind the staff to check the equipment. For example, in the monitoring data on September 15, 2024, the system identified that the flow rate dropped to 50m3 / h, the equipment status displayed as "abnormal alarm", which indicated that the reinjection wellhead might be blocked. After receiving the alarm, the staff conducted an on-site inspection in time and confirmed the cause of the flow drop, avoiding more serious equipment failure and waste of resources.

[0149] To better demonstrate the effectiveness of the system, the following is the data record of the power station from June 2024 to September 2024. From the data table, we can see that the system is able to stably monitor the temperature, pressure and flow of geothermal fluids and identify abnormal fluctuations in a timely manner. On June 1, 2024, the temperature was 78°C, the pressure was 210kPa, and the flow was 120m 3 / h, the equipment is in normal operation; on September 15, 2024, the flow rate suddenly dropped to 50m 3 / h, the system issued an abnormal alarm of traffic drop, which promptly reminded the staff to conduct an inspection and successfully avoided further losses.

[0150] Table 1 Geothermal fluid monitoring data

[0151]

[0152]

[0153] As can be seen from the table, temperature and pressure fluctuations are minimal, and flow rates remain stable for most of the time, until an abnormal flow drop occurs on September 15, 2024. This data fully demonstrates the advantages of this invention in geothermal fluid monitoring, especially under conditions of limited power supply and harsh environments. The system can provide stable power supply through solar energy and batteries, and effectively prevent and address potential problems through precise data analysis and alarm mechanisms.

[0154] This embodiment shows that the geothermal fluid monitoring system of the present invention can not only operate stably in extreme environments, but also realize remote monitoring and abnormal alarm through Internet of Things technology, effectively improving monitoring efficiency, reducing maintenance costs, and ensuring the rational use of geothermal resources and environmental protection.

[0155] This invention solves the stability issues of geothermal fluid monitoring systems in extreme environments by combining IoT technology with low-power design, using solar power and IP68-rated protective materials. Sensor modules collect key parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow in geothermal pipelines in real time. The IoT device box preprocesses the data and transmits the information to a remote platform via the Modbus RTU protocol. The system automatically identifies abnormal fluctuations and triggers alarms. This system not only operates stably without utility power but also effectively improves the accuracy and real-time nature of data transmission, ensuring the efficient use of geothermal resources and environmental safety, significantly enhancing monitoring efficiency and system reliability.

[0156] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Fluid parameter IoT system, characterized by: include: The sensor module is used to collect the fluid parameters in the geothermal pipeline in real time, including temperature, pressure, and flow rate; The IoT device box module is used to receive sensor signals and perform signal conversion, analysis and processing on them. The IoT device box module includes power distribution, protection and gateway units; A power supply module is used to provide continuous low-power power support when there is no mains power. The power supply module includes solar energy and battery low-voltage power supply modes; The equipment is waterproof, dustproof and high-temperature resistant, ensuring that the equipment and sensors have IP68 protection. A local communication interface module is used to communicate with local devices via the RS-485 serial port. The local communication interface module uses the standard Modbus RTU protocol to transparently transmit data and provide real-time monitoring data to local users. The remote platform module is used to receive, store, process and display data from the device. The remote platform includes an Internet of Things communication gateway, a data storage database, a business computing center and a data display system.

2. The Internet of Things system for monitoring geothermal pipeline fluid parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modules are implemented as follows: S1. The sensor module is connected to the signal conversion unit of the IoT device box through a standard interface to collect fluid parameter signals in real time and transmit the parameter signals to the IoT device box; S2. The signal conversion unit in the IoT device box converts the sensor signal into a digital signal. The data analysis unit processes the digital signal, and the network transmission unit sends the processed data to the remote platform. S3. The power supply module provides continuous power to the system through a low-power supply mode. The gateway module in the IoT device box regularly controls the power supply module to turn on and off according to the power consumption requirements of the device. S4. The equipment's waterproof, dustproof and high-temperature resistant modules have passed IP68-level materials and protection measures; S5. The local geothermal pipeline fluid parameter communication interface module realizes local data transmission through the RS-485 serial port and Modbus RTU protocol.

3. The Internet of Things system for monitoring geothermal pipeline fluid parameters according to claim 2, characterized in that: The S1 includes the following specific steps: S11. Based on the requirements for monitoring geothermal pipeline fluid parameters, select temperature, pressure, and flow sensors. The temperature sensor uses an RS-485 interface, the pressure sensor uses a 4-20mA analog signal interface, and the flow sensor uses an RJ-45 Ethernet interface. These sensors collect fluid parameters in the geothermal pipeline in real time, and also collect device status data, including sensor operating status and fault alarms. S12. Connect the sensor's signal cable to the signal conversion unit of the IoT device box. The power supply in the IoT device box is controlled by the gateway at a fixed time. S13, the original signal collected by the sensor is converted into a digital signal by a signal conversion unit; S14. The converted digital signal is transmitted to the sensor signal conversion unit of the IoT device box through a standard interface; S15. The operating status of the sensor module is monitored in real time through the IoT device box.

4. The Internet of Things system for monitoring geothermal pipeline fluid parameters according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S2 includes the following specific steps: S21. The signal conversion unit in the IoT device box receives the digital signal from the sensor module and performs preliminary data preprocessing on the signal. The digital signal is the real-time fluid parameter signal X collected by the sensor module. i (t), where i represents the type of fluid parameter: temperature, pressure, flow rate, and t represents the acquisition time; S22, the data preprocessing unit performs filtering processing on the received digital signal, including using a low-pass filter to remove high-frequency noise and using a Kalman filter algorithm to remove system errors; S23, encoding the filtered digital signal according to the data frame format of the Modbus RTU protocol and converting it into a standard digital data format including a device address, a function code, a data field, and an error check field; S24. The formatted data is sent to the data analysis unit for processing, which calculates the flow velocity and flow fluctuation, analyzes the changes in the fluid in the pipeline, and identifies abnormal changes; S25. The data analysis unit sends the processed data to the remote platform through the network transmission unit in the standard data frame format of the Modbus RTU protocol.

5. The Internet of Things system for monitoring geothermal pipeline fluid parameters according to claim 4, characterized in that: The S3 includes the following specific steps: S31. First, according to the system's equipment power consumption requirements, the gateway module calculates and determines the system's peak power consumption P max and average power consumption P avg , where P max is the maximum power consumption, P avg is the average power consumption; S32, the gateway module is based on the peak power consumption P max and average power consumption P avg , dynamically adjust the opening and closing of the power supply module; S33. The power supply module supplies power to the IoT device box in a low-power mode, such as solar power or low-voltage battery power supply. The power supply module is turned on and off regularly according to the control signal of the gateway module. S34. The gateway module calculates and adjusts the on and off duration of the power supply module in each control cycle according to the actual power consumption requirements of the device; S35. The power supply module continuously monitors the system power consumption during operation and adjusts the working mode according to the changing power consumption requirements. When the power consumption reaches the set threshold, the power supply module switches to the energy-saving mode to ensure low-power operation of the equipment.

6. The Internet of Things system for monitoring geothermal pipeline fluid parameters according to claim 5, characterized in that: The S4 includes the following specific steps: S41, the equipment's waterproof, dustproof and high-temperature resistant module uses IP68-level protective materials to fully seal the IoT device box and sensor module, ensuring that the equipment can operate normally in humid, dusty and high-temperature environments; S42, sensor module and connecting cables are made of high temperature alloy, stainless steel and fluororubber; S43. The connection port of the IoT device box uses a waterproof connector with a built-in rubber clamping ring; S44. A temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are installed in the IoT device box. When the ambient temperature exceeds 80°C or the humidity exceeds 90%, an alarm system is triggered. S45. The housing of the equipment protection module is made of aluminum alloy; S46. The equipment protection module dynamically adjusts according to environmental changes, evaluates environmental conditions and equipment status in real time, and automatically adjusts protection measures when environmental conditions change.

7. The Internet of Things system for monitoring geothermal pipeline fluid parameters according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S5 includes the following specific steps: S51, the local geothermal pipeline fluid parameter communication interface module is connected to the signal conversion unit in the Internet of Things device box through the RS-485 serial port, and the standard Modbus RTU protocol is used for data transmission; S52. During the data transmission process, the RS-485 serial port transmits fluid parameter data and device status data via differential signals; S53, Modbus RTU protocol specifies the data packet format, the stream data packet format includes device address D, function code F, data field D data , and check field C; S54. During the transmission process, the Modbus RTU protocol uses the CRC-16 checksum algorithm to check the data; When S55, fluid parameter data and equipment status data are transmitted through the RS-485 serial port and Modbus RTU protocol, the data transmission status is monitored in real time. If a data transmission error occurs, it will automatically retransmit or perform fault alarm processing according to the protocol.

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