Device and method for testing slope hydraulic erosion characteristics in arid and semi-arid regions

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic erosion tests, and discloses an arid and semi-arid region slope hydraulic erosion characteristic test device and method.The arid and semi-arid region slope hydraulic erosion characteristic test device comprises a platform plate and a water storage tank, the platform plate is arranged on one side of the water storage tank, and a sampling mechanism is arranged on the platform plate and comprises a sampling pipe; the sampling tube is arranged at the bottom of the platform plate, two circular plates are integrally formed on the platform plate, and a swing plate is arranged between the two circular plates. According to different lengths of the side slopes, the test requirements of the side slopes with different lengths are met by increasing and decreasing the number of the beam rods, after the number of the beam rods is selected, the beam rods are installed on the side slopes, the side slopes are continuously sprayed through the spraying mechanism after installation, and the side slope soil is inserted and sampled through the sampling pipe after spraying is finished. In this way, the water absorption conditions of soil with different depths can be detected, excessive manual participation is not needed in the whole test process, and manpower is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic erosion testing, and in particular to a device and method for testing hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas. Background Art

[0002] The so-called hydraulic erosion is the whole process in which soil, soil mass or other ground components are destroyed, eroded, transported and deposited under the action of precipitation, surface runoff and ground runoff. It is an important type of soil erosion.

[0003] In arid and semi-arid areas, due to the regional characteristics of drought and semi-aridity, it is very important to test and understand the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes. Because their hydraulic erosion resistance is directly related to the subsequent water storage capacity and the ability to resist soil erosion under the impact of water flow, the current slope hydraulic erosion characteristics test method generally waits for natural rainfall or extracts water sources to scour the slope, and then manually measures and observes the soil changes on the slope to achieve the test purpose. The steps are often cumbersome and labor-intensive. Therefore, a device and method for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas are proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas.

[0005] The present invention provides a device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas, which adopts the following technical solutions: A device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas, comprising a platform plate and a water storage tank, wherein the platform plate is arranged on one side of the water storage tank and a sampling mechanism is arranged on the platform plate; The sampling mechanism includes a sampling tube, which is arranged at the bottom of the platform plate. Two circular plates are integrally formed on the platform plate, and a swing plate is provided between the two circular plates. The swing plates are respectively connected to the two circular plates through a rotating shaft. A sleeve is rotatably connected to the swing plate, and the sleeve passes through the swing plate and is rotatably connected to the swing plate. A threaded adjustment rod is provided on the top of the sampling tube, and the threaded adjustment rod passes through the sampling tube and is threadedly connected to the sampling tube. One end of the threaded adjustment rod is fixedly connected to a mounting tube, and the sampling tube extends into the interior of the mounting tube and is threadedly connected to the mounting tube. Two beams are provided on the outside of the platform plate; The water tank is provided with a spray mechanism, which includes a submersible pump and a spray head. The submersible pump is placed inside the water tank. A drainage frame is fixedly connected to one side of the water tank. The top of the beam is fixedly connected to a support plate. The spray head is arranged between the two support plates. A round rod is fixedly connected to the spray head. The round rod passes through the support plate and is rotatably connected to the support plate.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the number of beams is increased or decreased according to the length of the slope to match the test requirements of slopes of different lengths. After the number of beams is selected, the beams are installed on the slope. After installation, the slope is continuously sprayed through the spraying mechanism. After the spraying is completed, the slope soil is inserted into the sampling tube for sampling, so that the water absorption of the soil at different depths can be tested. In addition, the entire test process does not require excessive human participation, which saves manpower.

[0007] Preferably, both ends of the beam are integrally formed with mounting plates, adjacent mounting plates are fitted together, and adjacent mounting plates are connected by bolts, one side of one mounting plate is provided with a fixing plate, one side of the fixing plate is provided with a connecting plate, the connecting plate extends into the inner side of the fixing plate and is connected to the fixing plate through a rotating shaft, one side of the connecting plate is integrally formed with a sleeve, the top of the sleeve is provided with a first positioning rod, the first positioning rod passes through the sleeve, and one end of the first positioning rod is integrally formed with a collision plate.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the sleeve limits the first positioning rod, and after the first positioning rod is knocked into the ground, it provides support for the beam.

[0009] Preferably, the fixing plate passes through the mounting plate, and a first clamping block is slidably connected to the inside of the top and bottom walls of the fixing plate, the first clamping block extends out of the fixing plate, the first clamping block is fitted with one side of the mounting plate, and a first spring is fixedly connected to the inside of the fixing plate, and the first spring is fixedly connected to the first clamping block.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the first spring provides an elastic force to the first clamping block.

[0011] Preferably, a second positioning rod is provided at the bottom of the beam, one end of the second positioning rod is fixedly connected to a second impact plate, the top of the second impact plate is fixedly connected to an assembly rod, and the assembly rod extends into the interior of the beam and is connected to the beam through a rotating shaft.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, after the second positioning rod is inserted into the ground, the stability of the beam is further improved.

[0013] Preferably, an L-shaped plate is fixedly connected to the top of the swing plate, and a first motor is fixedly connected to the top of the L-shaped plate. The first motor is fixedly connected to a first gear through an output shaft, and a second gear is fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve. The first gear is arranged on one side of the second gear, and the first gear is meshed with the second gear. A limiting groove is integrally formed on the threaded adjustment rod, and the L-shaped plate extends into the limiting groove and matches the limiting groove.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, after the first motor starts working, the first gear rotates and drives the second gear to rotate.

[0015] Preferably, an arcuate groove is provided on the circular plate, and first threaded fixing rods are provided on both sides of the circular plate. The first threaded fixing rods pass through the arcuate groove, extend into the interior of the swing plate and are connected to the swing plate through threads.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, after the position of the swing plate is adjusted, the first threaded fixing rod is screwed in to fix it.

[0017] Preferably, the platform plate passes through the beam, and two sliders are slidably connected inside the platform plate. The sliders are arranged inside the beam, and the top of the slider is fixedly connected to a second threaded fixing rod, which extends out of the beam. The outside of the second threaded fixing rod is connected to a fixing ring through a thread, and the fixing ring fits with the top of the beam.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, after the position of the platform plate is adjusted, a fixing ring is screwed onto the outside of the second threaded fixing rod to fix the platform plate.

[0019] Preferably, a baffle is provided on the top of the drainage frame, and the baffle extends into the interior of the drainage frame and fits into the interior of the drainage frame. The top of the drainage frame is fixedly connected to a limit plate, and the limit plate passes through the top wall of the baffle. The outside of the drainage frame is fixedly connected to a square plate, and the bottom of the square plate is fixedly connected to an electric push rod, and one end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the top of the baffle.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the electric push rod pushes and pulls the baffle up and down after working.

[0021] The top of the spout is fixedly provided with a toothed plate, and the bottom of the spout is fixedly provided with a toothed plate, and the toothed plate is fixedly provided with a toothed plate.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the second spring provides an elastic force to the second clamping block.

[0023] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a test method for the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas, comprising the following steps: S1. Device Construction Select the corresponding number of beams according to the length of the slope and then place the water tank on top of the slope and fill it with water. After the beams are built, adjust the horizontal position of the platform to further adjust the sampling position of the sampling tube; S2, water spray simulation The water inside the water tank is sprayed out through the sprinkler head to simulate natural rainfall, and the water is directly discharged through the drainage frame. After the water flows in large quantities on the slope, the water scouring is simulated; S3. Soil sampling After continuous slope water spraying or flushing, the sampling tube is controlled to be inserted into the slope soil for sampling. After sampling, the water absorption of the soil at different positions in the sampling tube is analyzed.

[0024] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: A device and method for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas. The device increases or decreases the number of beams according to the length of the slope to meet the testing requirements for slopes of different lengths. After the number of beams is selected, the beams are installed on the slope. After installation, the slope is continuously sprayed by a spray mechanism. After the spraying is completed, a sampling tube is inserted into the slope soil for sampling. This allows the water absorption of soil at different depths to be tested. The entire test process does not require excessive human involvement, which saves manpower.

[0025] A device and method for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas. Water in a water tank is extracted to a sprinkler head and then sprayed downward to simulate a rainfall scenario. After the control baffle is moved upward, the water inside the water tank can be directly discharged through a drainage frame, thereby draining and scouring the slope and simulating a water flow scouring scenario. Based on the above steps, different scenarios can be flexibly simulated, enhancing the flexibility and functionality of the test.

[0026] A device and method for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas. The installation of beams can well match the inclination angles of different slopes. The spray head and sampling angle are adjustable, thereby further adjusting the spray angle and sampling angle according to the angle of the slope. This can effectively match the precipitation test and sampling requirements of various slopes, thereby increasing the scope of application of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the water storage tank in the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of point A in the figure; Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the center beam of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in FIG. Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C in the figure; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional exploded view of the pipe and the plug connector in the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 The enlarged view of point D in the figure; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the platform plate in the present invention; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged view of point E in the figure; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the sampling tube and the installation tube are separated in the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals: 1, platform plate; 2, water tank; 3, sampling mechanism; 31, sampling tube; 32, circular plate; 33, swing plate; 34, sleeve; 35, threaded adjustment rod; 36, mounting tube; 37, beam; 38, mounting plate; 39, fixing plate; 391, connecting plate; 392, sleeve; 393, first positioning rod; 394, first clamping block; 395, first reed; 396, second positioning rod; 397, second impact plate; 398, assembly rod; 399, L-shaped plate; 381, first motor; 382, ​​first gear; 3 83. Second gear; 384. Limiting groove; 385. First threaded fixing rod; 386. Slider; 387. Second threaded fixing rod; 388. Fixing ring; 4. Spraying mechanism; 41. Submersible pump; 42. Drainage frame; 43. Support plate; 44. Sprinkler head; 45. Round rod; 46. Baffle; 47. Limiting rod; 48. Electric push rod; 49. Pipeline; 491. Plug connector; 492. Plug plate; 493. Connecting plate; 494. Second clamping block; 495. Second reed; 496. Rectangular frame; 497. Movable plate; 498. Spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is combined with Figure 1 -Attached Figure 11 The present invention is described in further detail.

[0030] The present invention discloses a device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas. Figures 1-11 , including a platform plate 1 and a water tank 2, the platform plate 1 is arranged on one side of the water tank 2, and a sampling mechanism 3 is provided on the platform plate 1; The sampling mechanism 3 includes a sampling tube 31, which is arranged at the bottom of the platform plate 1. Two circular plates 32 are integrally formed on the platform plate 1. A swing plate 33 is arranged between the two circular plates 32. The swing plates 33 are respectively connected to the two circular plates 32 through a rotating shaft. A sleeve 34 is rotatably connected to the swing plate 33. The sleeve 34 passes through the swing plate 33 and is rotatably connected to the swing plate 33. A threaded adjustment rod 35 is provided on the top of the sampling tube 31. The threaded adjustment rod 35 passes through the sampling tube 31 and is threadedly connected to the sampling tube 31. One end of the threaded adjustment rod 35 is fixedly connected to a mounting tube 36. The sampling tube 31 extends into the interior of the mounting tube 36 and is threadedly connected to the mounting tube 36. Two beams 37 are provided on the outside of the platform plate 1.

[0031] The water tank 2 is provided with a spray mechanism 4, which includes a submersible pump 41 and a spray head 44. The submersible pump 41 is placed inside the water tank 2. A drainage frame 42 is fixedly connected to one side of the water tank 2. A support plate 43 is fixedly connected to the top of the beam 37. The spray head 44 is arranged between the two support plates 43. A round rod 45 is fixedly connected to the spray head 44, and the round rod 45 passes through the support plate 43 and is rotatably connected to the support plate 43. According to the length of the slope, the number of beams 37 is increased or decreased to meet the test requirements of slopes of different lengths. After the number of beams 37 is selected, the beams 37 are installed on the slope. After installation, the slope is continuously sprayed by the spray mechanism 4. After the spraying is completed, the slope soil is inserted into the sampling tube 31 for sampling, so that the water absorption of the soil at different depths can be detected. In addition, the entire test process does not require excessive human participation, which saves manpower.

[0032] Both ends of the beam rod 37 are integrally formed with mounting plates 38, and the two adjacent mounting plates 38 are fitted together and connected by bolts. A fixing plate 39 is provided on one side of one of the mounting plates 38, and a connecting plate 391 is provided on one side of the fixing plate 39. The connecting plate 391 extends into the inner side of the fixing plate 39 and is connected to the fixing plate 39 through a rotating shaft. A sleeve 392 is integrally formed on one side of the connecting plate 391, and a first positioning rod 393 is provided on the top of the sleeve 392. The first positioning rod 393 passes through the sleeve 392, and an impact plate is integrally formed on one end of the first positioning rod 393. The sleeve 392 limits the first positioning rod 393. After the first positioning rod 393 is knocked into the ground, it provides support for the beam rod 37.

[0033] The fixing plate 39 passes through the mounting plate 38, and the top and bottom walls of the fixing plate 39 are both slidably connected with a first block 394, which extends out of the outside of the fixing plate 39, and the first block 394 is fitted with one side of the mounting plate 38. The inside of the fixing plate 39 is fixedly connected with a first spring 395, and the first spring 395 is fixedly connected to the first block 394. The first spring 395 provides an elastic force to the first block 394, and a second positioning rod 396 is provided at the bottom of the beam 37, and one end of the second positioning rod 396 is fixedly connected to a second impact plate 397, and the top of the second impact plate 397 is fixedly connected to an assembly rod 398, which extends into the interior of the beam 37 and is connected to the beam 37 through a rotating shaft. After the second positioning rod 396 is inserted into the ground, the stability of the beam 37 is further improved.

[0034] An L-shaped plate 399 is fixedly connected to the top of the swing plate 33. A first motor 381 is fixedly connected to the top of the L-shaped plate 399. The first motor 381 is fixedly connected to the first gear 382 via an output shaft. The second gear 383 is fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve 34. The first gear 382 is arranged on one side of the second gear 383, and the first gear 382 and the second gear 383 are meshed. A limiting groove 384 is integrally formed on the threaded adjustment rod 35. The L-shaped plate 399 extends into the limiting groove 384 and matches the limiting groove 384. When the first motor 381 is working, the first gear 382 rotates and drives the second gear 383 to rotate. An arc-shaped groove is provided on the circular plate 32, and a first threaded fixing rod 385 is provided on both sides of the circular plate 32. The first threaded fixing rod 385 passes through the arc-shaped groove, and the first threaded fixing rod 385 extends into the interior of the swing plate 33 and is threadedly connected to the swing plate 33. After the position of the swing plate 33 is adjusted, the first threaded fixing rod 385 is screwed in to fix it. The platform plate 1 passes through the beam 37, and two sliders 386 are slidably connected inside the platform plate 1. The slider 386 is arranged inside the beam 37, and the top of the slider 386 is fixedly connected to the second threaded fixing rod 387, and the second threaded fixing rod 387 extends out of the outside of the beam 37. The outside of the second threaded fixing rod 387 is threadedly connected to a fixing ring 388, and the fixing ring 388 fits in place with the top of the beam 37. After the position of the platform plate 1 is adjusted, the fixing ring 388 is screwed on the outside of the second threaded fixing rod 387 to fix the platform plate 1.

[0035] A baffle 46 is provided on the top of the drainage frame 42. The baffle 46 extends into the interior of the drainage frame 42 and fits in the interior of the drainage frame 42. The top of the drainage frame 42 is fixedly connected to a limit plate, which passes through the top wall of the baffle 46. A square plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the drainage frame 42. An electric push rod 48 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the square plate. One end of the electric push rod 48 is fixedly connected to the top of the baffle 46. When the electric push rod 48 is in operation, it pushes and pulls the baffle 46 up and down. The output end of the submersible pump 41 is fixedly connected to a pipe 49, and a plug connector 491 is fixedly connected to the top of the sprinkler head 44. One end of the pipe 49 extends into the plug connector 491 and matches the plug connector 491. A plug plate 492 is fixedly connected to the top of the plug connector 491. A connecting plate 493 is integrally formed on the outside of the pipe 49. The plug plate 492 passes through the connecting plate 493. A second clamping block 494 is slidably connected to the inside of the plug plate 492. The second clamping block 494 extends out of the plug plate 492 and fits with the top of the connecting plate 493. A second reed 495 is fixedly connected to the inside of the plug plate 492, and the second reed 495 is fixedly connected to one side of the second clamping block 494. Limiting holes are provided on the support plate 43, and the limiting holes are distributed around the support plate 43 at equal intervals. A rectangular frame 496 is fixedly connected to the front side of the sprinkler head 44, and a movable plate 497 is slidably connected inside the rectangular frame 496. The movable plate 497 extends out of the outside of the rectangular frame 496. A limiting rod 47 is fixedly connected to the movable plate 497, and the limiting rod 47 extends into one of the limiting holes and matches the limiting hole. A spring 498 is fixedly connected inside the rectangular frame 496, and one end of the spring 498 is fixedly connected to the movable plate 497. The second spring 495 provides an elastic force to the second block 494.

[0036] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a test method for the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas, comprising the following steps: S1. Workpiece placement In actual operation, when this device is used, first the device is connected to the power supply, the water tank 2 is placed above the slope to be tested, and the beam rods 37 are built in the slope of this area. At this time, the number of beam rods 37 is selected according to the length of the slope. When adding beam rods 37, the mounting plates 38 at one end of the two beam rods 37 to be spliced ​​are fitted and spliced, and then fixed by bolts. After the beam rods 37 are spliced, there is a large damping at the shaft connection between the connecting plate 391 and the fixing plate 39 and the assembly rod 398 and the beam rod 37 in this device, that is, the first positioning rod 393 and the second positioning rod 396 can be swung only after being pushed hard. The advantage of this adjustment method is that the inclination angle of the beam rod 37 can be flexibly adjusted according to the inclination angle of the slope to promote the matching of the two. After adjusting the angles of the first positioning rod 393 and the second positioning rod 396, the first positioning rod 393 and the second positioning rod 396 are knocked into the ground by knocking the first impact plate and the second impact plate 397, so as to fix the beam rod 37. Then, one end of the pipe 49 is inserted into the plug connector 491. At this time, the second clamping block 494 extends out of the plug plate 492 under the thrust of the second spring 495, and the end of the pipe 49 is fixed to the plug connector 491. Then, the movable plate 497 is pulled and the angle of the sprinkler head 44 is swung. After the sprinkler head 44 is swung to a suitable angle, the most suitable limiting hole within this angle range is selected and stays at the corresponding position of the limiting rod 47. Then, under the pulling force of the spring 498, the limiting rod 47 is inserted into the limiting hole to complete the angle adjustment of the sprinkler head 44. Then, water is injected into the water tank 2. After the submersible pump 41 is working, the water in the water tank 2 is extracted. The extracted water is sent to the sprinkler head 44 and then sprayed downward to simulate a rainfall scene. After the electric push rod 48 is working, it can push and pull the baffle 46 up and down. After the baffle 46 moves up, the water inside the water tank 2 can be directly discharged through the drainage frame 42, thereby draining the slope and simulating a water flow scouring scene. Based on the above steps, different scenes can be flexibly simulated, which enhances the flexibility and functionality of the test. When the drainage operation is completed, the changes in the soil layer on the slope surface can be directly observed. If it is necessary to understand the changes in the soil in the deep layer of the soil, the horizontal position of the platform plate 1 is adjusted between the two beams 37 to adjust the sampling position. When the position is adjusted, the fixing ring 388 is tightened on the outside of the second threaded fixing ring 388. At this time, a tight fit is formed between the slider 386, the platform plate 1 and the beam 37 to complete the adjustment of the sampling position. After the adjustment, the swing plate 33 is directly swung to adjust the sampling angle. After the angle of the swing plate 33 is adjusted, the threaded adjustment rods 35 are screwed into the two ends of the swing plate 33 to fix the swing plate 33. After the first motor 381 starts working, it drives the first gear 382 to rotate, the first gear 382 drives the second gear 383 to rotate, and the second gear 383 drives the sleeve 34 to rotate. Since the L-shaped plate 399 extends into the limiting groove 384, the threaded adjustment rod 35 cannot rotate at this time. Then, after the sleeve 34 rotates, the threaded adjustment rod 35 moves. At this time, the threaded adjustment rod 35 drives the sampling tube 31 to be inserted into the soil for sampling. After the sampling is completed, the anti-water erosion characteristics of the entire slope can be grasped according to the changes in soil water absorption at different depths.

[0037] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas, characterized by: It comprises a platform plate (1) and a water storage tank (2), wherein the platform plate (1) is arranged on one side of the water storage tank (2), and a sampling mechanism (3) is provided on the platform plate (1); The sampling mechanism (3) includes a sampling tube (31), the sampling tube (31) is arranged at the bottom of the platform plate (1), two circular plates (32) are integrally formed on the platform plate (1), a swing plate (33) is arranged between the two circular plates (32), the swing plate (33) is respectively connected to the two circular plates (32) through a rotating shaft, a sleeve (34) is rotatably connected to the swing plate (33), the sleeve (34) passes through the swing plate (33) and is rotatably connected to the swing plate (33), a threaded adjustment rod (35) is provided on the top of the sampling tube (31), the threaded adjustment rod (35) passes through the sampling tube (31) and is threadedly connected to the sampling tube (31), one end of the threaded adjustment rod (35) is fixedly connected to a mounting tube (36), the sampling tube (31) extends into the interior of the mounting tube (36) and is threadedly connected to the mounting tube (36), and two beams (37) are provided on the outside of the platform plate (1); The water storage tank (2) is provided with a spray mechanism (4), the spray mechanism (4) comprising a submersible pump (41) and a spray head (44), the submersible pump (41) being placed inside the water storage tank (2), a drainage frame (42) being fixedly connected to one side of the water storage tank (2), a support plate (43) being fixedly connected to the top of the beam (37), the spray head (44) being arranged between the two support plates (43), a round rod (45) being fixedly connected to the spray head (44), the round rod (45) penetrating the support plate (43) and being rotatably connected to the support plate (43).

2. The device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the beam (37) are integrally formed with mounting plates (38), and two adjacent mounting plates (38) are fitted together. The adjacent mounting plates (38) are connected by bolts. A fixing plate (39) is provided on one side of one mounting plate (38), and a connecting plate (391) is provided on one side of the fixing plate (39). The connecting plate (391) extends into the inner side of the fixing plate (39) and is connected to the fixing plate (39) via a rotating shaft. A sleeve (392) is integrally formed on one side of the connecting plate (391), and a first positioning rod (393) is provided on the top of the sleeve (392). The first positioning rod (393) passes through the sleeve (392), and a collision plate is integrally formed on one end of the first positioning rod (393).

3. The device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing plate (39) passes through the mounting plate (38), and the top and bottom walls of the fixing plate (39) are both slidably connected to a first clamping block (394). The first clamping block (394) extends outside the fixing plate (39), and the first clamping block (394) is in contact with one side of the mounting plate (38). A first spring (395) is fixedly connected to the inside of the fixing plate (39), and the first spring (395) is fixedly connected to the first clamping block (394).

4. The device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second positioning rod (396) is provided at the bottom of the beam (37), one end of the second positioning rod (396) is fixedly connected to a second impact plate (397), and a top of the second impact plate (397) is fixedly connected to an assembly rod (398), the assembly rod (398) extending into the interior of the beam (37) and connected to the beam (37) via a rotating shaft.

5. The device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the swing plate (33) is fixedly connected to an L-shaped plate (399), the top of the L-shaped plate (399) is fixedly connected to a first motor (381), the first motor (381) is fixedly connected to a first gear (382) via an output shaft, the outside of the sleeve (34) is fixedly connected to a second gear (383), the first gear (382) is arranged on one side of the second gear (383), and the first gear (382) and the second gear (383) are meshed, a limiting groove (384) is integrally formed on the threaded adjustment rod (35), and the L-shaped plate (399) extends into the limiting groove (384) and matches the limiting groove (384).

6. The device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: An arcuate groove is formed on the circular plate (32), and first threaded fixing rods (385) are provided on both sides of the circular plate (32). The first threaded fixing rods (385) pass through the arcuate groove. The first threaded fixing rods (385) extend into the interior of the swing plate (33) and are connected to the swing plate (33) through threads.

7. The device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The platform plate (1) passes through the beam (37), and two sliders (386) are slidably connected inside the platform plate (1). The sliders (386) are arranged inside the beam (37), and a second threaded fixing rod (387) is fixedly connected to the top of the slider (386). The second threaded fixing rod (387) extends outside the beam (37), and a fixing ring (388) is connected to the outside of the second threaded fixing rod (387) through a thread, and the fixing ring (388) is in contact with the top of the beam (37).

8. The device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle (46) is provided on the top of the drainage frame (42), and the baffle (46) extends into the interior of the drainage frame (42) and fits in place with the interior of the drainage frame (42). The top of the drainage frame (42) is fixedly connected to a limit plate, and the limit plate passes through the top wall of the baffle (46). The outside of the drainage frame (42) is fixedly connected to a square plate, and the bottom of the square plate is fixedly connected to an electric push rod (48), and one end of the electric push rod (48) is fixedly connected to the top of the baffle (46).

9. The device for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the submersible pump (41) is fixedly connected to a pipe (49), the top of the sprinkler head (44) is fixedly connected to a plug connector (491), one end of the pipe (49) extends into the plug connector (491) and matches the plug connector (491), the top of the plug connector (491) is fixedly connected to a plug plate (492), the outside of the pipe (49) is integrally formed with a connecting plate (493), the plug plate (492) passes through the connecting plate (493), the inside of the plug plate (492) is slidably connected to a second clamping block (494), the second clamping block (494) extends out of the plug plate (492), the second clamping block (494) is fitted with the top of the connecting plate (493), and the inside of the plug plate (492) is fixedly connected to the second clamping block (494). The spring (495) is fixedly connected to one side of the second clamping block (494), and a limiting hole is opened on the support plate (43). The limiting holes are distributed around the support plate (43) at equal intervals. The front side of the sprinkler head (44) is fixedly connected to a rectangular frame (496), and a movable plate (497) is slidably connected inside the rectangular frame (496). The movable plate (497) extends out of the rectangular frame (496). A limiting rod (47) is fixedly connected to the movable plate (497), and the limiting rod (47) extends into one of the limiting holes and matches the limiting hole. A spring (498) is fixedly connected inside the rectangular frame (496), and one end of the spring (498) is fixedly connected to the movable plate (497).

10. A method for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas, using the apparatus for testing the hydraulic erosion characteristics of slopes in arid and semi-arid areas according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Device Construction A corresponding number of beams (37) are selected according to the length of the slope for construction, and then a water storage tank (2) is placed above the slope, and water is injected into the water storage tank (2). After the beams (37) are constructed, the horizontal position of the platform plate (1) is adjusted to further adjust the sampling position of the sampling tube (31); S2, water spray simulation The water inside the water tank is sprayed out through the sprinkler head (44) to simulate natural rainfall, and the water is directly discharged through the drainage frame (42). After the water flows in large quantities on the slope, the water flow scouring is simulated; S3. Soil sampling After continuous slope water spraying or flushing, the sampling tube (31) is controlled to be inserted into the slope soil for sampling, and after sampling, the soil water absorption conditions at different positions in the sampling tube (31) are analyzed.

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