Earth and rock material dam overtopping burst traceability erosion parameter testing device

Abstract

The invention discloses an earth and rock material dam overtopping burst traceability erosion parameter testing device, and relates to the technical field of earth and rock material dam burst risk research, the earth and rock material dam overtopping burst traceability erosion parameter testing device comprises a model groove, the bottom of the model groove is fixedly provided with four support legs, and the earth and rock material dam overtopping burst traceability erosion parameter testing device can be used for testing the overtopping burst traceability erosion parameter of the earth and rock material dam. By arranging the water inlet and outlet assembly and the shooting assembly, the water inlet and outlet assembly accurately controls the flow and pressure of water flow entering the model groove through a pressure stabilizing barrel and an electromagnetic flowmeter, it is ensured that the water flow scouring condition in the test is stable and quantifiable, flow instability caused by water flow pressure fluctuation is avoided, and therefore the test accuracy is improved; the shooting assembly improves the image quality while reducing the influence of external light on the test environment through a high-power flash lamp and a single lens reflex, the instantaneous state of erosion of the water flow to the soil body can be clearly observed through a shot picture, high-quality image data is provided for subsequent analysis, and the test accuracy is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dam failure risk research of earth-rock material dams, and in particular to a device for testing overtopping and failure source tracing and erosion parameters of earth-rock material dams. Background Art

[0002] The earth-rock material dam steep bank erosion parameter test device is a professional equipment used to simulate the formation and development process of the steep bank of earth-rock material dam under the scouring conditions of overtopping water flow. Its core function is to measure the key erosion parameters such as the erosion rate of the steep bank by regulating the water flow and soil parameters, providing an experimental basis for studying the erosion characteristics of the steep bank of earth-rock material dam.

[0003] The source erosion parameters of steep slopes during earth-rock dam overtopping are key factors affecting the overtopping process, significantly influencing breach propagation and the development of breach flow. To investigate the mechanism and rate of source erosion during earth-rock dam overtopping, and to develop or improve mathematical models for earth-rock dam overtopping and improve their prediction accuracy, we propose a device for testing the source erosion parameters of earth-rock dam overtopping. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for testing earth-rock dam overtopping and collapse source erosion parameters to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a device for testing overtopping and erosion parameters of earth-rock dams, comprising a model trough, the bottom of which is fixedly mounted with four support legs; The bottom of the model tank is provided with a water inlet and outlet assembly, which is used to simulate the flushing of water flow and the recovery of water; A shooting component is provided on one side of the model tank, and the shooting component is used to record the steep slope tracing erosion test process.

[0006] Preferably, the water inlet and outlet components include a water inlet pipe, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the model tank, and the top of the water inlet pipe is fixedly connected to an electromagnetic flowmeter, one end of the water inlet pipe is fixedly connected to a pressure stabilizing barrel, and one end of the pressure stabilizing barrel is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe, valves are fixedly installed on the top of the water inlet pipe and the connecting pipe, a drain pipe is provided at the bottom of the model tank, and one end of the drain pipe is fixedly connected to a sediment collection tank.

[0007] Preferably, an energy dissipation orifice plate is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the model tank, and the energy dissipation orifice plate is used in conjunction with the water inlet and outlet components.

[0008] Preferably, an upstream support body is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the model groove, and a lateral limiting support body is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the model groove.

[0009] Preferably, the shooting assembly includes a support plate, which is placed on both sides of the model slot, a support rod is fixedly installed on the top of the support plate, a SLR camera is fixedly installed on the surface of the support rod, and a flash is fixedly installed on the surface of the support rod.

[0010] Preferably, a sample-making wooden board is placed in the inner cavity of the model groove, and the sample-making wooden board is in contact with the side opposite to the lateral limiting support body.

[0011] Preferably, the surface of the model tank is sprayed with scale bars, and the number of the scale bars is several.

[0012] Preferably, the inner cavity of the model tank is slidably connected with a water baffle, and the water baffle is in contact with the side opposite to the energy dissipation orifice plate.

[0013] Preferably, stress sensors are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the mold groove, and the number of the stress sensors is two.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom of the model tank is fixedly connected to a sinking tank, and the bottom of the sinking tank is fixedly connected to one end of the drain pipe.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a water inlet and outlet assembly and a shooting assembly. The water inlet and outlet assembly accurately controls the flow rate and pressure of water entering the model tank through a pressure-stabilizing barrel and an electromagnetic flowmeter, ensuring that the water flow scouring conditions in the test are stable and quantifiable, avoiding unstable flow caused by water flow pressure fluctuations, thereby improving the accuracy of the test. The shooting assembly uses a high-power flash lamp and a SLR camera to reduce the impact of external light on the test environment while improving image quality. The photographs taken can clearly observe the instantaneous state of water erosion on the soil, providing high-quality image data for subsequent analysis, and further improving the accuracy of the test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the model groove in the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the shooting component in the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural breakdown diagram of the lateral limiting support body and the sample making wooden board in the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Model trough; 2. Water inlet and outlet components; 201. Water inlet pipe; 202. Electromagnetic flowmeter; 203. Pressure regulating barrel; 204. Connecting pipe; 205. Valve; 206. Drain pipe; 207. Sediment collection tank; 3. Shooting component; 301. Support plate; 302. Support rod; 303. SLR camera; 304. Flash; 4. Energy dissipation orifice plate; 5. Upstream support body; 6. Lateral limit support body; 7. Sample making board; 8. Scale bar; 9. Water retaining plate; 10. Stress sensor; 11. Sinking trough; 12. Support leg. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example: See Figures 1 to 6 The present invention provides a technical solution: a device for testing overtopping and source erosion parameters of earth-rock dams, comprising a model tank 1, wherein four support legs 12 are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the model tank 1; The bottom of the model tank 1 is provided with a water inlet and outlet assembly 2, which is used to simulate the flushing of water flow and the recovery of water; A shooting component 3 is provided on one side of the model tank 1, and the shooting component 3 is used to record the process of the erosion test.

[0020] As a further limitation of the present invention, the water inlet and outlet assembly 2 includes a water inlet pipe 201, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the model tank 1, and the top of the water inlet pipe 201 is fixedly connected to an electromagnetic flowmeter 202. One end of the water inlet pipe 201 is fixedly connected to a pressure stabilizing tank 203, and one end of the pressure stabilizing tank 203 is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe 204. Valves 205 are fixedly installed on the top of the water inlet pipe 201 and the connecting pipe 204. A drain pipe 206 is provided at the bottom of the model tank 1, and one end of the drain pipe 206 is fixedly connected to a sediment collection tank 207. By setting the water inlet and outlet assembly 2, the flow rate and pressure of the water entering the model tank 1 can be accurately controlled. The pressure stabilizing tank 203 can avoid unstable flow due to fluctuations in water pressure. The electromagnetic flowmeter 202 can accurately measure the water inlet flow, ensuring that the water flow scouring conditions in the test are stable and quantifiable, thereby more realistically simulating the scouring effect of actual water flow on the steep slope of the earth and rock material dam, and improving the reliability of the test results.

[0021] An energy dissipation orifice plate 4 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the model tank 1. The energy dissipation orifice plate 4 is used in conjunction with the water inlet and outlet components 2. By using the energy dissipation orifice plate 4 in conjunction with the water inlet and outlet components 2, the joint between the inflow section and the test section is used to dissipate energy and stabilize flow. It can further eliminate the energy of the water flow when entering the model tank 1, avoid water level fluctuations caused by water flow impact, and ensure that the water level is stable and without fluctuations after the water flow enters the test section, providing stable water flow conditions for the test, making the test results more accurate and reliable, and reducing interference with the test caused by unstable water flow.

[0022] An upstream support body 5 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the model tank 1, and a lateral limit support body 6 is temporarily fixedly installed on the inner cavity of the model tank 1. By setting the upstream support body 5 and placing it after the steep slope sample is prepared, the upstream surface can be prevented from collapsing and being damaged after encountering water, thereby ensuring the stability of the sample during the test. The lateral limit support body 6 is used when preparing the sample to form a rigid space, which is convenient for preparing steep slope samples with vertical surfaces at both ends, and ensures the uniformity of the sample compaction degree, which helps to obtain samples that meet the test requirements and ensures that the test can be carried out smoothly according to the predetermined plan.

[0023] The shooting component 3 includes a support plate 301, which is placed on both sides of the model groove 1. A support rod 302 is fixedly installed on the top of the support plate 301, a SLR camera 303 is fixedly installed on the surface of the support rod 302, and a flash 304 is fixedly installed on the surface of the support rod 302. By setting up the shooting component 3, the high-power flash 304 can reduce the impact of external light on the test environment and improve the image quality. At the same time, it is equipped with a soft light cover to reduce the shadow caused by strong flash and make the shooting light more uniform and soft. The constantly on flash 304 is matched with a radiator, which is suitable for recording different test processes. By reasonably adjusting the shooting parameters, the photos taken can clearly observe the instantaneous state of water erosion on the soil, providing high-quality image data for subsequent analysis.

[0024] A sample wooden board 7 is placed in the inner cavity of the model groove 1, and the sample wooden board 7 is in contact with the side opposite to the lateral limit support body 6. By setting the sample wooden board 7, during the process of removing the lateral limit support body 6, the unevenness of the upstream free surface of the steep step and the presence of a gap between the support body can be avoided.

[0025] The surface of the model trough 1 is sprayed with scale bars 8, and the number of scale bars 8 is several. By setting the scale bars 8, an intuitive size reference is provided for the experiment, which facilitates researchers to accurately measure parameters such as the length and height of soil erosion during the experiment.

[0026] The inner cavity of the model tank 1 is slidably connected with a water baffle 9, which contacts the opposite side of the energy dissipation orifice plate 4. By setting the water baffle 9, the area and flow distribution of water entering the test section can be adjusted to a certain extent. By sliding the water baffle 9, the contact area and action mode of the water flow and the energy dissipation orifice plate 4 can be changed, thereby further optimizing the energy dissipation effect.

[0027] Stress sensors 10 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the model trough 1. There are two stress sensors 10. By setting up the stress sensors 10, the stress changes of the soil in the model trough 1 during the erosion process can be monitored in real time. By analyzing the stress data, the stress state of the soil under different water flow conditions can be understood, and the relationship between soil erosion and stress can be studied. This provides important data support for in-depth understanding of the erosion mechanism of steep slopes of earth-rock dams, which helps to optimize dam design and protective measures. The bottom of the model tank 1 is fixedly connected to a sinking tank 11, and the bottom of the sinking tank 11 is fixedly connected to one end of the drainage pipe 206. By setting the sinking tank 11, the sinking tank 11 is installed at the bottom of the outflow section, which can guide the water flow into the drainage pipe 206, preventing water from stagnating downstream or tail water from flowing back due to soil blocking the orifice, ensuring that the water flow can be discharged smoothly during the test, maintaining the water level in the model tank 1 stable, ensuring the smooth progress of the test, and avoiding adverse effects on the test results due to abnormal water flow.

[0028] The specific implementation of this embodiment is as follows: First, one end of the connecting pipe 204 is connected to the underground reservoir through a water pump. The total storage capacity of the underground reservoir is about 800 cubic meters. Then, the water in the underground reservoir is pumped into the pressure stabilizing tank 203 through the water pump. The capacity of the pressure stabilizing tank 203 is within 20 cubic meters. The pressure stabilizing tank 203 prevents unstable flow caused by pressure fluctuations of the water flow. The model tank 1 is 4.6m long, 0.3m wide and 1.0m high. The inlet section of the model tank 1 is located at the front end of the model tank 1 and is 0.3m long. The outlet section is located at the rear end of the model tank 1 and is 0.3m long. Both sections are made of 2cm thick acrylic plates. The test section is between the inlet section and the outlet section. The test section is 4.0m long and is made of 10mm+10mm double-layer laminated glass to facilitate observation and recording of test phenomena from different angles during the test. The model tank 1 is divided into an inlet section, an outflow section and a test section. The inlet section and the test section are separated by an energy dissipation orifice 4, and the outflow section and the test section are distinguished by a sinking tank 11. The water inlet diameter of the water inlet pipe 201 of the inflow section is 10 cm, and the diameter of the drain pipe 206 of the outflow section is 20 cm. The inflow section adopts a vertical inflow method. The water level fluctuation caused by the inflow impact is eliminated by the movable water baffle 9 above the inflow section. The height of the movable water baffle 9 needs to be lower than the height of the steep slope to play the role of energy dissipation and flow stabilization. At the same time, an energy dissipation orifice 4 is installed at the joint of the inflow section and the test section. The combination of the two energy dissipation methods can ensure that the water level is stable and without fluctuation after the water flows into the test section. A 20 cm sinking trough 11 is installed at the bottom of the outflow section to guide the water flow into the drain pipe 206 to prevent downstream water stagnation or tailwater backflow due to soil blocking the orifice. The test section is divided into a steady flow section (0.5 m), a sample preparation section (3.0 m) and a tailwater section (0.5 m) according to the inflow direction. The sediment collection tank 207 is made of stainless steel, with a length of 4.0m, a width of 1.5m, a height of 1.0m, and a total volume of 6.0 cubic meters. The inlet aperture of the sediment collection tank 207 is the same as that of the outlet section, both of which are 20cm. The inlet aperture should be as close as possible to the bottom of the sediment collection tank 207. The main function of the sediment collection tank 207 is to collect the sediment-laden water flow after the steep slope erosion, and to collect and reuse the soil after sedimentation. The shooting component 3 consists of a flash 304 and a SLR camera 303, wherein the flash 304 can be a 600W flash 304 with a flash duration of 1 / 2000~1 / 800s, a 1s fast recycle time, a built-in 2.4G wireless transmission system, and the flash 304 can be remotely controlled through a wireless flash trigger. The main purpose of using a high-power flash 304 is to reduce the impact of external light on the test environment and improve image quality. At the same time, the flash 304 is equipped with a soft light cover to reduce the shadow caused by strong flash and make the shooting light more uniform and soft. The flash 304 can be used to record the uniform erosion test process of the steep slope of the earth and rock material dam with constant flow, or the 600W constantly on flash 304 can be used with a radiator to record the intermittent instability erosion test process of the steep slope of the earth and rock material dam.

[0029] Under the fill light effect of the high-power flash 304, the experimental shooting aperture adjustment range is f / 7.1~f / 8.1, the exposure time range is 1 / 250~1 / 320s, and the sensitivity range is ISO 100~800. The photos taken can clearly observe the instantaneous state of water erosion on soil, improving the accuracy of image recognition of soil erosion process. Steep slope erosion test using compacted loess as dam material: (1) The soil sample is naturally air-dried and sieved to remove debris such as roots and leaves from the soil. The air-dried moisture content of the soil is measured, and water is added to the target moisture content and stirred evenly. The soil is then stewed under constant temperature and humidity conditions for 24 hours to ensure uniform moisture content of the soil sample. (2) Since the sample preparation position is located in the middle of the model tank 1, in order to prepare a steep slope sample with vertical surfaces at both ends and ensure the uniformity of the sample compaction, it is necessary to adopt the method of setting lateral limit supports 6 at both ends to form a rigid space. The lateral limit supports 6 adopt a triangular support type; (3) After the steep slope sample is prepared, the lateral limit support 6 is removed, and an upstream support 5 with a length of 20 cm is placed on the upstream side, which is flush with the sample height, to prevent the upstream surface from collapsing and being damaged after encountering water; The lateral limit support body 6 can be made of a 20 mm thick wooden template. The lateral limit support body 6 consists of a smooth vertical plate, a horizontal support plate 301, a diagonal support plate, and a bottom support plate 301. The soil sample contact surface is a smooth vertical plate, the height of which is consistent with the depth of the water tank. The upper part of the vertical surface is fixedly connected to the horizontal support plate 301, and the horizontal support plate 301 is fixed to the water tank by a woodworking clamp. The upper part of the diagonal support plate is fixedly connected to the tail of the horizontal support plate 301, and the lower part of the diagonal support plate is fixedly connected to the bottom support plate 301. The bottom support plate 301 is fixed to the bottom of the smooth vertical plate to limit its displacement. (4) Two valves 205 are set in the water inlet and outlet components 2. The valves 205 are respectively set between the reservoir water inlet pipe 201 and the pressure stabilizing barrel 203 and between the pressure stabilizing barrel 203 and the inflow section of the model tank 1. An electromagnetic flowmeter 202 is installed on the water inlet pipe 201 to measure the water inlet flow. The test water inlet flow is a constant flow. The water supply pressure of the underground reservoir may fluctuate, resulting in changes in the water inlet flow. The purpose of setting the pressure stabilizing barrel 203 is to maintain the stability of the water inlet pressure. Before sampling, the two valves 205 are adjusted to keep the reservoir outlet and the water inlet stable. The flow rate is stable after 3 minutes of stable flow as the target constant flow of the test. A 20 mm thick sample board 7 is placed on the lateral limit support 6. During the removal process, it is inevitable that the upstream free surface of the steep slope will be uneven and there will be a gap between it and the support. The existence of the gap will cause water to enter and bubbles to be discharged, causing soil washing. The sample board 7 can be tightly combined with the soil during the compaction process. (5) According to the quality control method, the corresponding mass of soil is weighed from a 5 cm thick model sample compacted to the target dry density. Horizontal lines are marked on both sides of the model groove 1 with a height increment of 5 cm to control the compaction height. After each layer is compacted to the target height, the surface is scraped with a scraper; (6) After the steep slope sample is prepared, the lateral limit support 6 is removed, and an upstream support 5 with a length of 20 cm is placed on the upstream side, which is flush with the sample height, to prevent the upstream surface from collapsing and being damaged after encountering water; (7) The SLR camera 303 can obtain clearer test photos by adjusting parameters, but the deformation of near-large and far-small caused by the optical perspective principle and the barrel distortion caused by the convex lens itself are inevitable. Since the side walls of the test tank are made of two pieces of 10mm thick tempered glass and the middle layer is a laminated glass made of 1.52mm film, the size of the scale label pasted on the outside of the glass does not correspond to the actual size of the specimen. The barrel distortion can be corrected according to the lens model (Canon EF-S18-55mmf / 4~5.6ISSTM), but the size deviation caused by perspective is difficult to eliminate. The outer dimension mark and the inner soil size of the test can be statistically calculated to obtain the magnification ratio coefficient of the external scale in the horizontal and vertical directions as a correction coefficient. The relationship between the average cumulative erosion length and time can be obtained through the test records. A linear function passing through the origin can be used to fit it, and the slope can be used as the average erosion rate of the "steep step".

[0030] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0031] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for testing overtopping and erosion parameters of earth-rock dams, characterized by: It comprises a model trough (1), wherein the bottom of the model trough (1) is fixedly mounted with support legs (12), and the number of the support legs (12) is four; A water inlet and outlet assembly (2) is provided at the bottom of the model tank (1), and the water inlet and outlet assembly (2) is used to simulate the flushing of water flow and the recovery of water; A shooting component (3) is provided on one side of the model tank (1), and the shooting component (3) is used to record the erosion test process.

2. The device for testing overtopping and source erosion parameters of earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water inlet and outlet assembly (2) comprises a water inlet pipe (201), the water inlet pipe (201) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the model tank (1), the top of the water inlet pipe (201) is fixedly connected to an electromagnetic flowmeter (202), one end of the water inlet pipe (201) is fixedly connected to a pressure stabilizing tank (203), one end of the pressure stabilizing tank (203) is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe (204), valves (205) are fixedly installed on the tops of the water inlet pipe (201) and the connecting pipe (204), a drain pipe (206) is provided at the bottom of the model tank (1), and one end of the drain pipe (206) is fixedly connected to a sediment collection tank (207).

3. The device for testing overtopping and source erosion parameters of earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: An energy dissipation orifice plate (4) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the model tank (1), and the energy dissipation orifice plate (4) is used in conjunction with the water inlet and outlet assembly (2).

4. The device for testing overtopping and source erosion parameters of earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upstream support body (5) is temporarily fixedly installed on the inner wall of the model tank (1), and a lateral limiting support body (6) is temporarily fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the model tank (1).

5. The device for testing overtopping and source erosion parameters of earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shooting assembly (3) comprises a support plate (301), the support plate (301) being placed on both sides of the model slot (1), a support rod (302) being fixedly mounted on the top of the support plate (301), a single-lens reflex camera (303) being fixedly mounted on the surface of the support rod (302), and a flash light (304) being fixedly mounted on the surface of the support rod (302).

6. The device for testing overtopping and source erosion parameters of earth-rock dams according to claim 4, characterized in that: A sample-making wooden board (7) is placed in the inner cavity of the model groove (1), and the sample-making wooden board (7) is in contact with a side opposite to the lateral limiting support body (6).

7. The device for testing overtopping and source erosion parameters of earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the model tank (1) is sprayed with scale bars (8), and the number of the scale bars (8) is several.

8. The device for testing overtopping and source erosion parameters of earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the model tank (1) is slidably connected to a water baffle (9), and the water baffle (9) is in contact with a side opposite to the energy dissipation orifice plate (4).

9. The device for testing overtopping and source erosion parameters of earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: High-precision pore water stress sensors (10) are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the model tank (1), and the number of the stress sensors (10) is at least two.

10. The device for testing overtopping and source erosion parameters of earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the model tank (1) is fixedly connected to a sinking tank (11), and the bottom of the sinking tank (11) is fixedly connected to one end of a drainage pipe (206).

Images