Multimode communication method and device based on microwave and laser fusion

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-mode communication method and device based on microwave and laser fusion, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and the multi-mode communication method comprises the steps: carrying out the cooperative deployment of a laser communication link and a microwave communication link, taking the laser link as a main communication path, and taking the microwave link as a standby communication path. When the communication quality of a laser link is reduced or interrupted due to environmental factors, the system automatically detects and quickly switches to a microwave link to realize uninterrupted communication, and the system is provided with an environmental state sensing module which is used for acquiring meteorological parameters including rainfall, fog density, visibility and particulate matter concentration, and determining whether the communication quality is reduced or interrupted in combination with the actual transmission state of the communication link. According to the method, the technical bottlenecks of high time delay, low reliability, easy interruption and the like of traditional wireless communication in a complex power grid environment are effectively solved, and the method has remarkable engineering application prospects and popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a multi-mode communication method and device based on the fusion of microwaves and lasers. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of smart grid construction, edge measurement and control equipment such as current sensors and transformers are placing higher demands on the real-time and reliability of communication systems. However, existing wireless communication solutions often rely on single RF communication modes, such as Wi-Fi, ZigBee, or microwaves. These suffer from severe signal attenuation, high bit error rates, and communication interruptions in strong interference, long distance, or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments, making them unable to meet the industrial-grade reliability requirements of power systems. While laser communication offers high bandwidth and immunity to electromagnetic interference, it suffers from drawbacks such as high alignment accuracy and susceptibility to obstruction.

[0003] On this basis, according to patent search, application number CN202211741250.1 discloses a satellite-borne laser communication terminal and its signal processing method, which is used to improve the receiving sensitivity of the system in low-speed mode, significantly reduce the corresponding transmitting end power, and thus meet the low power consumption requirements of the system;

[0004] In the above patents, although traditional laser communication has high bandwidth and anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities, it has defects such as high alignment accuracy and susceptibility to obstruction. A single communication mode is no longer capable of performing high-reliability data link tasks under complex power working conditions. Obviously, traditional laser communication cannot meet the needs of more customers.

[0005] In response to the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-mode communication method and device based on the complementary fusion of microwaves and lasers. Through the dynamic collaboration and intelligent scheduling of heterogeneous communication links, a breakthrough improvement in the stability and real-time performance of communications in complex electromagnetic environments is achieved, aiming to solve the problems of poor robustness of wireless transmission and high communication interruption rate in complex electromagnetic environments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-mode communication method and device based on the fusion of microwaves and lasers, and to use this device to work, thereby solving the problem that traditional laser communication in the background technology has high bandwidth and anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities, but has defects such as high alignment accuracy and susceptibility to obstruction. However, a single communication mode is no longer capable of high-reliability data link tasks under complex power working conditions. Obviously, traditional laser communication cannot meet the needs of more customers.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-mode communication method based on the fusion of microwaves and lasers, including the coordinated deployment of laser communication links and microwave communication links, with the laser link serving as the primary communication path and the microwave link serving as the backup communication path;

[0008] When the laser link's communication quality degrades or is interrupted due to environmental factors, the system automatically detects and quickly switches to the microwave link to ensure uninterrupted communication.

[0009] The above design builds a heterogeneous link system with laser as the main link and microwave as the auxiliary link, fully utilizing the high bandwidth advantages of laser communication and the environmental adaptability advantages of microwave communication. When the laser link is affected by rain, fog, dust and other weather conditions, the microwave link can seamlessly take over the communication task as a backup channel, avoiding communication interruptions caused by the failure of a single link.

[0010] The environmental status perception module is used to collect meteorological parameters including rainfall, fog density, visibility, and particulate matter concentration, and dynamically evaluate the availability of the laser link based on the actual transmission status of the communication link.

[0011] The above design achieves a dynamic quantitative assessment of laser link availability by collecting meteorological parameters such as rainfall and fog density in real time, combined with transmission status data such as received optical power and bit error rate. This mechanism can accurately identify the impact of environmental changes on communication quality, such as laser attenuation caused by heavy fog, providing data support for link switching decisions and avoiding resource waste or communication delays caused by blind switching.

[0012] The transmission status of the laser link is evaluated based on information such as received optical power, bit error rate, and link jitter. The system makes a comprehensive judgment on multiple parameters according to preset weighting rules to determine whether to trigger link switching.

[0013] The above design makes a weighted comprehensive judgment on multiple parameters, such as received optical power, bit error rate, and link jitter, to avoid switching errors caused by misjudgment of a single indicator. For example, when the bit error rate suddenly increases but the optical power remains within the threshold, the system can use weighted calculation to determine whether to trigger a switch, thereby improving the accuracy of link status judgment.

[0014] When the laser link communication quality falls below a preset threshold, the system can complete link switching within microseconds and enable the microwave communication link for data forwarding. The entire switching process is transparent to upper-layer services and requires no human intervention.

[0015] With this design, the system can switch to a microwave link in microseconds when it detects degradation in the laser link quality. This switching process is transparent to upper-layer services. This ensures the transmission continuity of real-time services such as remote control commands and fault alarms, avoids service interruptions or data loss due to switching delays, and meets the power system's stringent requirements for low latency.

[0016] The system has the ability to schedule multiple links in parallel. Based on the transmission priority and real-time requirements of different data types, it schedules high-priority or large-capacity data to the laser link and conventional control or low-priority data to the microwave link.

[0017] Using this design, transmission links are dynamically allocated based on the priority and real-time requirements of the data type: high-priority, large-capacity data, such as high-definition surveillance video and waveform sensor data, is transmitted via laser links, while routine control commands are transmitted via microwave links. This on-demand traffic diversion mechanism can significantly improve the overall system throughput, optimize link resource utilization, and avoid transmission conflicts between different service types.

[0018] The transmission priority is comprehensively assessed based on the real-time requirements of the data content, the data volume, and the service level, and traffic is allocated and scheduled between links based on the assessment results.

[0019] The above design achieves refined traffic distribution by comprehensively evaluating the real-time requirements, data volume, and service level of the data. For example, delay-sensitive relay protection signals can be transmitted preferentially via laser links, while low-priority equipment status inspection data can be transmitted via microwave links, ensuring that the service quality of critical businesses is not affected by non-critical businesses.

[0020] The system is designed with independent error control mechanisms for laser links and microwave links. The laser link uses error correction coding and verification mechanisms to improve anti-interference capabilities, while the microwave link uses limited retransmission and timestamp reordering mechanisms to ensure data integrity.

[0021] The above design adopts targeted error control strategies to address the different channel characteristics of laser and microwave links, such as laser susceptibility to obstruction and microwave susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. The laser link improves its ability to resist sudden interference through error correction coding and verification mechanisms, reducing frame loss caused by brief obstructions.

[0022] Microwave links use limited retransmission and timestamp reordering mechanisms to solve problems such as packet disorder, duplication, or loss, ensuring data integrity. They are particularly suitable for power grid environments with complex electromagnetic interference.

[0023] A data cache unit is provided between the laser link and the microwave link for temporarily storing data to be transmitted during the link switching process. The data cache unit can adjust the cache capacity according to the link switching state to adapt to the data transmission rate differences between different links and ensure that data is not lost during the switching process.

[0024] A data interaction interface is provided between the environmental status perception module and the link status assessment module for realizing real-time sharing and fusion processing of meteorological parameters and link transmission status data. The data interaction interface adopts a high-speed serial communication protocol to ensure the reliability of data transmission.

[0025] A multi-mode communication device based on microwave and laser fusion, including a laser communication module, a microwave communication module, an environmental state perception module, a link state assessment module, an embedded controller, and a link switching control unit;

[0026] The device can perceive environmental changes in real time and evaluate the current link status, and automatically switch and schedule traffic between different communication links according to preset rules.

[0027] Using the above design, the device integrates functional units such as laser communication modules, microwave communication modules, and environmental status perception modules to achieve full-process automated control of perception-assessment-decision-making-switching. The collaborative work of the embedded controller and the link switching control unit can respond to environmental changes and link status fluctuations in real time, ensuring the intelligence and reliability of multimodal communication, and providing hardware support for high-reliability communication in power scenarios.

[0028] The present invention is based on a multi-mode communication method that integrates laser and microwave, which brings the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. Ensure communication continuity: By building a heterogeneous link system with laser as the primary and microwave as the auxiliary, when the laser link is attenuated or interrupted by adverse weather factors such as rain, fog, and dust, the system can achieve microsecond-level link switching to the microwave channel, thereby ensuring uninterrupted communication and meeting the rigid requirements of mission-critical scenarios such as smart grids for uninterrupted communication.

[0030] 2. Improve transmission bandwidth and efficiency: Utilize the high-bandwidth characteristics of laser links to carry large-capacity data, such as high-definition video and waveform sensor data, while dispatching low-priority, routine control data to microwave links. This enables the system to achieve dynamic on-demand traffic diversion, significantly improving overall communication throughput and link utilization.

[0031] 3. Improve anti-interference ability and environmental adaptability: The present invention integrates meteorological perception and channel quality assessment mechanisms, can accurately identify environmental changes and dynamically adjust communication strategies, so that the system has good anti-electromagnetic interference ability and adaptability to complex external environments. It is particularly suitable for high-interference areas such as power substations and high-voltage transmission corridors.

[0032] 4. Guaranteeing QoS: By introducing data priority awareness and a multi-link scheduling mechanism, the system ensures that latency-sensitive tasks, such as remote control commands and video conferencing, are prioritized, avoiding communication jitter and latency fluctuations caused by link switching or sudden load increases, and improving the consistency and controllability of QoS.

[0033] 5. Reduce energy consumption and improve system reliability: With the help of intelligent link status perception and power adaptive control algorithm, the laser transmission power and microwave link resource usage can be reduced while ensuring communication quality, extending the equipment life, improving the system energy efficiency ratio, and adapting to long-term continuous operation needs.

[0034] In summary, the present invention effectively solves the technical bottlenecks of high latency, low reliability, and easy interruption of traditional wireless communications in complex power grid environments, and has significant engineering application prospects and promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 The system module composition and control flow chart of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the multi-mode communication method and device based on the fusion of microwave and laser according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In order to further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Combine Figure 1-Figure 2 , a multi-mode communication method based on the fusion of microwave and laser, including the coordinated deployment of laser communication links and microwave communication links, with the laser link as the main communication path and the microwave link as the backup communication path;

[0040] When the laser link's communication quality degrades or is interrupted due to environmental factors, the system automatically detects and quickly switches to the microwave link to ensure uninterrupted communication.

[0041] The system is equipped with an environmental status perception module to collect meteorological parameters including rainfall, fog density, visibility, and particulate matter concentration, and dynamically evaluate the availability of the laser link in combination with the actual transmission status of the communication link.

[0042] The transmission status of the laser link is evaluated based on information such as received optical power, bit error rate, and link jitter. The system makes a comprehensive judgment on multiple parameters according to preset weighting rules to determine whether to trigger link switching.

[0043] When the laser link communication quality falls below a preset threshold, the system can complete link switching within microseconds and enable the microwave communication link for data forwarding. The entire switching process is transparent to upper-layer services and requires no human intervention.

[0044] The system has the ability to schedule multiple links in parallel. Based on the transmission priority and real-time requirements of different data types, it schedules high-priority or large-capacity data to the laser link and conventional control or low-priority data to the microwave link. During the link switching process, the system caches and retransmits the data to ensure the continuity and integrity of data transmission.

[0045] A data cache unit is set between the laser link and the microwave link to temporarily store data to be transmitted during the link switching process. The data cache unit can adjust the cache capacity according to the link switching status to adapt to the differences in data transmission rates of different links and ensure that data is not lost during the switching process.

[0046] A data interaction interface is set up between the environmental status perception module and the link status assessment module to realize real-time sharing and fusion processing of meteorological parameters and link transmission status data. The data interaction interface adopts a high-speed serial communication protocol to ensure the reliability of data transmission.

[0047] A multi-mode communication device based on microwave and laser fusion, including a laser communication module, a microwave communication module, an environmental state perception module, a link state assessment module, an embedded controller, and a link switching control unit;

[0048] The device can perceive environmental changes in real time and evaluate the current link status, and automatically switch and schedule traffic between different communication links according to preset rules.

[0049] The present invention relates to a multi-mode communication method and device based on the fusion of microwaves and lasers, which aims to solve the problem of reliability and low latency guarantee of high-speed data transmission of key sensing equipment in smart grids under complex meteorological environments. Existing wireless communication technologies are prone to problems such as transmission interruption, bandwidth limitation and delay jitter in power grid environments with strong electromagnetic interference and frequent severe weather conditions, making it difficult to meet the high-quality communication requirements of real-time data acquisition and control instruction issuance in power grids. To this end, the present invention makes full use of the complementarity of laser communication and microwave communication in physical properties to construct a multi-modal heterogeneous communication mechanism that takes into account the transmission requirements of high speed and high robustness, ensuring that the service is not interrupted under any abnormal conditions of the communication link and that the quality of service (QoS) does not fluctuate significantly.

[0050] The system architecture of the present invention consists of a weather sensing module, a laser link subsystem, a microwave link subsystem, a link status monitoring module, an intelligent scheduling controller, a QoS sensing module, and an error correction and retransmission unit. The communication strategy adopts a "laser primary, microwave backup" mechanism, using laser communication as the primary communication path to transmit large-capacity, high-priority data when conditions are favorable.

[0051] When the laser link experiences severe channel attenuation due to weather conditions such as haze and rain, the system switches to the microwave link in real time to ensure uninterrupted communication. Furthermore, the system supports dual-link parallel transmission and dynamically adjusts data loads through priority and data volume awareness mechanisms. For example, critical monitoring data and high-bandwidth data streams are allocated to the laser channel, while conventional signaling and control data are allocated to the microwave channel, achieving optimal resource allocation.

[0052] First, the system deploys meteorological sensors at communication nodes to collect key environmental variables such as rainfall, haze, wind speed, visibility, and air particulate matter concentration in real time. The rainfall is collected using a tipping bucket rain gauge in units of The fog density is obtained by a laser scattering visibility sensor in meters (VIS); the wind speed and direction are measured by an ultrasonic anemometer, and the particle concentration is given by a laser particle sensor (such as a PM2.5 detection module). These raw environmental data are uploaded to the edge master unit via the SPI or I²C bus and updated at a frequency of seconds.

[0053] At the link status perception level, the laser communication link monitors the received light intensity in real time ( ), link jitter frequency and bit error rate (BER); microwave links continuously record RSSI, SNR and packet error statistics (PER). These physical parameters reflect the communication quality and environmental adaptability of the current link. The system introduces a link scoring function , combining the signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate and weather attenuation term to dynamically evaluate link quality. The specific modeling is as follows:

[0054] ,

[0055] in, is the link signal-to-noise ratio. is the bit error rate. is the environmental attenuation function of the optical link, which can be further decomposed into:

[0056] .

[0057] coefficient , , Indicates the influence weight of the corresponding meteorological factor on the link, which is obtained by experimental experience or machine learning optimization. When a signal is received, the system automatically initiates a link switching process, scheduling data transmission via the microwave link. This switching process is implemented on an FPGA / embedded hardware platform, using interrupt-driven and pipelined instruction sets for link reconfiguration control. Switching latency can be controlled within 100 microseconds, ensuring that tasks with high real-time requirements (such as status reporting and fault alarms) are not interrupted.

[0058] In addition, in order to adapt to the dynamic changes of business load and QoS guarantee requirements, the system has designed a priority-aware multi-link parallel scheduling mechanism. , calculate the priority score based on its data rate, delay sensitivity and service level:

[0059]

[0060] System based The level of will be scheduled to the corresponding link, if , it is sent over the laser link; otherwise, it is sent over the microwave link. This method ensures that high-priority, high-bandwidth tasks (such as high-definition video streaming and synchronous acquisition data) are always transmitted at high speed over the laser link, while the microwave link is used to carry control commands, regular data, and backup communications in the event of laser link failure.

[0061] The meaning of the parameters in the above formula is: : Indicates the scheduling priority evaluation value of the service flow, which is used to measure the priority of the service flow in being scheduled in the communication system. A larger value usually means a higher priority for scheduling to the appropriate link;

[0062] : The data rate of a service flow reflects the speed at which the service flow transmits data, such as the number of bits transmitted per unit time (units such as bps). Services with high data rates may have specific requirements for link bandwidth, etc.

[0063] : The delay sensitivity of the service flow reflects the sensitivity of the service flow to transmission delay. Services such as real-time video and voice calls are usually highly delay-sensitive and have strict requirements on transmission delay.

[0064] : The service quality level of the business flow, which comprehensively reflects the service quality requirements in terms of bandwidth, latency, packet loss rate, etc. Different services have different QoS level requirements;

[0065] when When the system is incomplete, the corresponding scheduling operation is performed according to the subsequent incomplete logic. The threshold can be flexibly configured according to the overall business carrying capacity of the system, link resources, etc.

[0066] To address the different channel characteristics of laser and microwave media, this invention employs forward error correction (FEC) + CRC and automatic repeat request (ARQ) mechanisms for error control. In laser communications, Reed-Solomon coding and power recovery are used for intra-frame redundancy correction to address frame loss and obstruction. In microwave links, a priority-based, limited-order ARQ mechanism is introduced, combined with a timestamp synchronization table to address out-of-order and duplicate frames, thus ensuring communication reliability at the data level.

[0067] In summary: The present invention solves the problem of frequent interruptions of laser communications in complex environments through the combined application of key technologies such as heterogeneous link fusion design, intelligent switching and scheduling algorithms, link health modeling, and error control mechanisms. It also performs seamless backup through microwave communication and constructs a high-bandwidth, highly reliable, low-latency, multimodal communication solution for power grid scenarios. It has significant innovation and practical value and is suitable for key communication scenarios such as substation sensors, transmission line status monitoring, and video backhaul in smart grids.

[0068] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0069] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-mode communication method based on the fusion of microwaves and lasers, characterized by: This includes the coordinated deployment of laser communication links and microwave communication links, with the laser link serving as the primary communication path and the microwave link serving as the backup communication path; When the laser link quality degrades or is interrupted due to environmental factors, the system automatically detects and quickly switches to the microwave link to ensure uninterrupted communication. The environmental status perception module collects meteorological parameters such as rainfall, fog density, visibility, and particulate matter concentration. Combined with the actual transmission status of the communication link, such as received optical power, bit error rate, and link jitter, the system makes a comprehensive judgment based on preset weighting rules to dynamically evaluate the availability of the laser link. When the communication quality of the laser link falls below a preset threshold, the system automatically switches the link within microseconds and enables the microwave communication link for data forwarding. The switching process is transparent to upper-layer services and requires no manual intervention. The transmission priority is comprehensively assessed based on the real-time requirements of the data content, the data volume, and the service level. High-priority or large-capacity data is dispatched to the laser link, and conventional control or low-priority data is dispatched to the microwave link. The laser link uses error correction coding and verification mechanisms to improve anti-interference capabilities, while the microwave link uses limited retransmission and timestamp reordering mechanisms to ensure data integrity. The laser communication module and the microwave communication module are respectively provided with independent error control units, which respectively execute error correction coding and verification mechanism, limited retransmission and time stamp rearrangement mechanism.

2. The multimode communication method based on microwave and laser fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental status perception module is used to collect meteorological parameters including rainfall, fog density, visibility, and particulate matter concentration, and dynamically evaluate the availability of the laser link in combination with the actual transmission status of the communication link; The environmental status perception module collects meteorological parameters in real time, the link status assessment module obtains the actual transmission status of the communication link in real time, and the embedded controller processes the collected and acquired data according to preset rules to achieve dynamic assessment of the laser link availability.

3. The multi-mode communication method based on microwave and laser fusion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission status evaluation of the laser link is based on information such as received optical power, bit error rate and link jitter. The system makes a comprehensive judgment on multiple parameters according to preset weighting rules to determine whether to trigger link switching; The preset threshold is set and adjusted according to different application scenarios and communication requirements.

4. The multi-mode communication method based on microwave and laser fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system has the ability to schedule multiple links in parallel. Based on the transmission priority and real-time requirements of different data types, it schedules high-priority or large-capacity data to the laser link and conventional control or low-priority data to the microwave link.

5. The multi-mode communication method based on microwave and laser fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the link switching process, the system caches and retransmits data to ensure the continuity and integrity of data transmission.

6. The multi-mode communication method based on microwave and laser fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: A data cache unit is provided between the laser link and the microwave link for temporarily storing data to be transmitted during the link switching process. The data cache unit can adjust the cache capacity according to the link switching state to adapt to the data transmission rate differences between different links and ensure that data is not lost during the switching process.

7. The multi-mode communication method based on microwave and laser fusion according to claim 2, characterized in that: A data interaction interface is provided between the environmental status perception module and the link status assessment module for realizing real-time sharing and fusion processing of meteorological parameters and link transmission status data. The data interaction interface adopts a high-speed serial communication protocol to ensure the reliability of data transmission.

8. A multi-mode communication device based on microwave and laser fusion for use in any one of the methods of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The multi-mode communication device includes a laser communication module, a microwave communication module, an environmental status perception module, a link status assessment module, an embedded controller, and a link switching control unit. The device can sense environmental changes and assess the current link status in real time, automatically switching and scheduling traffic between different communication links according to preset rules. Laser communication module, used to realize the signal transmission and reception of laser link, and transmit high priority or large capacity data; Microwave communication module, used to realize signal transmission and reception of microwave link, and serves as a backup communication path when the laser link is interrupted, transmitting routine control or low-priority data; The environmental status perception module is used to collect meteorological parameters such as rainfall, fog density, visibility, and particulate matter concentration.

9. The multi-mode communication device based on microwave and laser fusion according to claim 8, characterized in that: The link status assessment module is used to obtain the actual transmission status of the communication link, including the received optical power, bit error rate, and link jitter, and to make a comprehensive judgment on multiple parameters based on preset weighting rules to evaluate the usability of the laser link. The embedded controller is used to control the link switching control unit to perform link switching operations according to the evaluation results of the link status evaluation module, and to control the data scheduling of the laser communication module and the microwave communication module according to the transmission priority of the data.

10. The multi-mode communication device based on microwave and laser fusion according to claim 8, characterized in that: A link switching control unit is used to complete the switch from the laser link to the microwave link within microseconds when the communication quality of the laser link is lower than a preset threshold, and enable the microwave communication link for data forwarding; The environment status perception module, link status assessment module, embedded controller and link switching control unit are integrated into the same control chip.

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