Satellite route control switching method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a satellite route management and control switching method and system, and belongs to the field of satellite communication, and the satellite route management and control switching method comprises the following steps: monitoring satellite signal quality, collecting satellite data, judging whether nodes need to be switched or not, and if yes, switching the nodes; the triggering condition comprises that the signal quality decline is lower than a threshold value, and the communication equipment is about to break away from the current satellite network coverage range; when nodes need to be switched, an optimal switching target is selected from the candidate nodes, the signal quality of the optimal switching target is judged, and if the signal quality meets the use requirement, compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that when the coverage edge overlapping area of the multiple satellite networks is too small and the signal quality is judged to be poor, the optimal switching target is selected from the candidate nodes; according to the method, the switching node is limited, the random switching of the node is not allowed in the set time, the set time can be adjusted according to the actual condition, different conditions are matched, and the problems of communication quality degradation, network resource waste, terminal energy consumption increase and the like are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of satellite communications, and in particular relates to a satellite routing control switching method and system. Background Art

[0002] In satellite routing and control systems, the system dynamically selects the optimal access node (including adjacent satellites or ground base stations) for seamless handover based on real-time network communication quality indicators (such as signal strength, transmission latency, and link load). However, when the overlapping coverage areas of multiple satellite networks are too small (less than the minimum distance required for a stable connection), communication devices in this area will frequently trigger handovers due to signal fluctuations. This "ping-pong handover" phenomenon can lead to the following problems:

[0003] 1. Deterioration of communication quality: Frequent handovers increase signaling overhead, causing data transmission interruptions and delay jitter.

[0004] 2. Waste of network resources: Repeated execution of the handover process consumes satellite computing power and link bandwidth;

[0005] 3. Increased terminal energy consumption: The device needs to continuously perform signal rescanning and authentication operations, which accelerates power consumption;

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the switching mechanism in the existing satellite routing control system that is frequently triggered due to signal fluctuations. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a satellite routing control switching method and system to address the above problems.

[0008] The embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows: a satellite routing control switching method includes the following steps:

[0009] Monitor satellite signal quality and collect satellite data to determine whether a node switch (including adjacent satellites or ground base stations) is necessary. Trigger conditions include: signal quality drops below a threshold (e.g., signal strength falls below a threshold, bit error rate exceeds a tolerance range), or the communication device is about to leave the current satellite network coverage (e.g., a low-orbit satellite moves rapidly);

[0010] When a node switch is required, the optimal switching target is selected from the candidate nodes, and the signal quality of the optimal switching target is determined. If the signal quality meets the usage requirements, the control plane protocol (such as the SDN controller or distributed signaling) is used to coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the optimal switching target.

[0011] If the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, the optimal future switching target is selected from the candidate nodes based on the mobile path of the communication device, and the communication device is coordinated to switch to the optimal future switching target through the control plane protocol. The node will not be replaced within the set time.

[0012] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a satellite routing control and switching method, wherein the steps of monitoring satellite signal quality and collecting satellite data to determine whether a node needs to be switched include: the signal quality drops below a threshold, or the communication device is about to leave the current satellite network coverage range, specifically including:

[0013] The communication module's built-in DSP (digital signal processor) collects satellite signal quality in real time. Signal quality includes signal strength (RSSI), bit error rate (BER), and latency. A sliding window algorithm (such as a 5-second moving average) is used to filter out transient noise. If the signal quality fails three consecutive times (for example, RSSI < -90dBm), a signal quality alarm is triggered, requiring node switching.

[0014] The system integrates satellite ephemeris (such as TLE orbit parameters) and GNSS positioning data of communication equipment, calculates the relative motion trajectory of the satellite and communication equipment based on the SGP4 / SDP4 orbit prediction algorithm, and combines the geometric visibility model (such as satellite elevation angle > 5°) to predict the remaining coverage time. If the remaining time is lower than the safety threshold (such as satellite communication coverage remaining < 30 seconds), a coverage alarm is triggered and the node needs to be switched.

[0015] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a satellite routing control and switching method. When a node needs to be switched, the optimal switching target is selected from candidate nodes, and the signal quality of the optimal switching target is determined. If the signal quality meets the usage requirements, the control plane protocol (such as an SDN controller or distributed signaling) is used to coordinate the communication device to switch to the optimal switching target. The method specifically includes:

[0016] When a node switch is required, the optimal switching target is selected from candidate nodes. The selection criteria for candidate nodes include signal quality (such as real-time signal strength, latency, and bit error rate), load status (such as bandwidth utilization), and the time it takes to cover the communication device. The time it takes for a candidate node to cover the communication device is predicted using an orbital dynamics model (such as the SGP4 algorithm) based on the satellite orbit parameters (ephemeris) and the position / velocity of the communication device.

[0017] A fuzzy logic controller or lightweight machine learning model (such as linear regression) is used to dynamically calculate weights based on real-time input parameters. (For high-speed mobile devices, such as airplanes, the coverage time weight is increased to 50%-60%, while the signal strength weight is reduced to 20%-30% to extend stable connection duration.) This is used to determine the priority of candidate nodes. (For high-load network conditions, such as satellite link congestion, the load balancing weight is increased to 40%, while the latency weight is reduced to prevent worsening congestion. For service-sensitive scenarios such as emergency communications, signal quality accounts for over 70%, so some coverage time is sacrificed to ensure reliability.)

[0018] Determine the signal quality of the optimal switching target, send low-priority detection messages to the optimal switching target (compared to the data transmitted by normal communication), measure the stability and round-trip delay of the optimal switching target, and confirm the actual availability of the optimal switching target. If the signal quality of the optimal switching target meets the usage requirements, coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the optimal switching target through the control plane protocol (for example, the SDN controller coordinates the target node to reserve bandwidth resources, or completes resource negotiation through distributed signaling).

[0019] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a satellite routing control and switching method, wherein if the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, the optimal future switching target is selected from candidate nodes based on the mobile path of the communication device, and the communication device is coordinated to switch to the optimal future switching target through a control plane protocol, and the node is not changed within a set time. The method specifically includes:

[0020] If the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, the severity of the network coverage problem is assessed (based on indicators such as historical link switching frequency and average signal quality of candidate nodes), and classified as mild or severe. If the problem is mild (such as local signal fluctuations), the timer is set to the first time (such as 10 seconds). If the problem is severe (such as a satellite cluster coverage blind spot), the timer is set to the second time (such as 60 seconds), and the communication degradation fault tolerance mechanism is activated (such as switching to low-rate coding).

[0021] Based on the mobile path of the communication device (such as GPS trajectory) and satellite ephemeris, a machine learning model (such as LSTM) is used to predict the candidate node with the best coverage in the next 30 seconds. The candidate node with the highest predicted signal quality and the longest coverage time is the optimal future switching target. If none of the predicted results meet the standards, the optimal future switching target among the candidate nodes is selected, and multi-node redundancy (such as simultaneous connection to satellites and ground stations) is enabled to ensure basic communications.

[0022] The control plane protocol is used to coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the target node (the optimal switching target in the future or the optimal switching target relatively in the future). Within the set time, only survivability switching is allowed (such as complete signal interruption), and node switching triggered by regular network communication quality is prohibited.

[0023] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a satellite routing control and switching method, wherein if the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, the optimal future switching target is selected from candidate nodes based on the mobile path of the communication device, and the communication device is coordinated to switch to the optimal future switching target through a control plane protocol, and the node is not changed within a set time, and the step further includes:

[0024] Based on real-time signal quality and service priority (e.g., emergency communications require adjustment of the lockout time), the first and second times are adjusted using an exponential backoff algorithm (e.g., a mild issue initially locks for 10 seconds. If the signal fluctuates continuously during this period, the lockout period is extended by 50% each time, from 10s to 15s to 22.5s, until the network stabilizes).

[0025] The LSTM model is used to predict the signal quality recovery time (such as the probability of signal recovery within the next 20 seconds). Based on the predicted recovery probability, the first and second times are adjusted (for example, if the predicted recovery probability is >80%, the lock time is shortened to 80% of the predicted value; if the probability is <30%, the lock time is extended to 1.5 times the predicted value).

[0026] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a satellite routing control and switching system, comprising:

[0027] The node switching judgment module is used to monitor satellite signal quality and collect satellite data to determine whether a node needs to be switched (including adjacent satellites or ground base stations). Trigger conditions include: signal quality drops below a threshold (such as signal strength below a threshold, bit error rate exceeds the tolerance range), or the communication device is about to leave the current satellite network coverage (such as a low-orbit satellite moving rapidly);

[0028] The optimal communication processing module is used to select the optimal switching target from the candidate nodes when a node switching is required, and to determine the signal quality of the optimal switching target. If the signal quality meets the usage requirements, the control plane protocol (such as the SDN controller or distributed signaling) is used to coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the optimal switching target.

[0029] The communication restriction processing module is used to select the optimal future switching target from the candidate nodes based on the mobile path of the communication device if the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, coordinate the communication device to switch to the optimal future switching target through the control plane protocol, and no longer change the node within the set time.

[0030] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a satellite routing control and switching system, wherein the node switching judgment module includes:

[0031] The signal quality judgment unit uses the communication module's built-in DSP (digital signal processor) to collect satellite signal quality in real time. Signal quality includes signal strength (RSSI), bit error rate (BER), and delay. It uses a sliding window algorithm (such as a 5-second moving average) to filter out instantaneous noise. If the signal quality test fails three times in a row (such as RSSI < -90dBm), a signal quality alarm is triggered, requiring node switching.

[0032] The communication coverage judgment unit is used to integrate satellite ephemeris (such as TLE orbit parameters) and GNSS positioning data of communication equipment, calculate the relative motion trajectory of the satellite and communication equipment based on the SGP4 / SDP4 orbit prediction algorithm, and predict the remaining coverage time in combination with the geometric visibility model (such as satellite elevation angle > 5°). If the remaining time is lower than the safety threshold (such as satellite communication coverage remaining < 30 seconds), a coverage alarm is triggered and the node needs to be switched.

[0033] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a satellite routing control and switching system, wherein the optimal communication processing module includes:

[0034] The node selection unit is used to select the optimal switching target from candidate nodes when a node switching is required. The selection indicators of candidate nodes include signal quality (such as real-time signal strength, delay, bit error rate), load status (such as bandwidth utilization), and coverage time of communication equipment. The coverage time of the candidate node is predicted using an orbital dynamics model (such as the SGP4 algorithm) based on the satellite orbit parameters (ephemeris) and the position / speed of the communication equipment.

[0035] The calculation weight adjustment unit is used to determine the priority of candidate nodes by dynamically calculating weights based on real-time input parameters using a fuzzy logic controller or a lightweight machine learning model (such as linear regression). (For high-speed mobile devices, such as airplanes, the coverage time weight is increased to 50%-60%, and the signal strength weight is reduced to 20%-30% to extend stable connection duration. For high network loads, such as satellite link congestion, the load balancing weight is increased to 40%, while the latency weight is reduced to avoid worsening congestion. For business-sensitive scenarios such as emergency communications, signal quality accounts for over 70%, and some coverage time is sacrificed to ensure reliability.)

[0036] The node switching unit is used to determine the signal quality of the optimal switching target, send low-priority detection messages to the optimal switching target, measure the stability and round-trip delay of the optimal switching target, and confirm the actual availability of the optimal switching target. If the signal quality of the optimal switching target meets the usage requirements, the control plane protocol is used to coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the optimal switching target (for example, the SDN controller coordinates the target node to reserve bandwidth resources, or completes resource negotiation through distributed signaling).

[0037] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a satellite routing control and switching system, wherein the communication restriction processing module includes:

[0038] The severity judgment unit is used to evaluate the severity of the network coverage problem (based on indicators such as historical link switching frequency and average signal quality of candidate nodes) if the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, and classify it as a mild problem or a severe problem. If the problem is mild (such as local signal fluctuation), the time is set to a first time (such as 10 seconds); if the problem is severe (such as a satellite cluster coverage blind spot), the time is set to a second time (such as 60 seconds), and the communication degradation fault tolerance mechanism is activated (such as switching to low-rate coding);

[0039] The future prediction unit is used to predict the candidate node with the best coverage in the next 30 seconds based on the mobile path of the communication device (such as GPS trajectory) and satellite ephemeris, using a machine learning model (such as LSTM). The candidate node with the highest predicted signal quality and the longest coverage time is the optimal switching target in the future. If all prediction results fail to meet the standards, the optimal switching target in the future is selected from the candidate nodes, and multi-node redundancy is enabled (such as simultaneous connection to satellites and ground stations) to ensure basic communications.

[0040] The switching restriction unit is used to coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the target node (the optimal switching target in the future or the optimal switching target relatively in the future) through the control plane protocol. Within the set time, only survivability switching (such as complete signal interruption) is allowed, and node switching triggered by regular network communication quality is prohibited.

[0041] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a satellite routing control and switching system, wherein the communication restriction processing module further includes:

[0042] The first time adjustment unit is used to adjust the first and second times based on real-time signal quality and service priority (for example, emergency communications require adjustment of the lock time) through an exponential backoff algorithm (for example, the initial lock time for minor problems is 10 seconds. If the signal fluctuates continuously during this period, the lock time is extended by 50% each time, from 10s to 15s to 22.5s, until the network returns to stability);

[0043] The second time adjustment unit is used to predict the signal quality recovery time (such as the probability of signal recovery within the next 20 seconds) through the LSTM model and adjust the first and second times based on the predicted recovery probability (for example, if the predicted recovery probability is >80%, the lock time is shortened to 80% of the predicted value; if the probability is <30%, the lock time is extended to 1.5 times the predicted value).

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that when the overlapping area of ​​the coverage edges of multiple satellite networks is too small and it is judged that the signal quality is poor, the present invention will restrict the switching of nodes, and will not allow arbitrary switching of nodes within the set time. The set time will be adjusted according to the actual situation to match different conditions, thereby reducing problems such as communication quality deterioration, network resource waste, and increased terminal energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a satellite routing control and switching method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a flow chart for determining whether a node needs to be switched according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a process for selecting an optimal switching target from candidate nodes provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a process for limiting switching nodes provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a flow chart for setting time adjustment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a satellite routing control and switching system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a node switching judgment module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an optimal communication processing module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the first part of the communication restriction processing module provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the second part of the communication restriction processing module provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0056] It is understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used herein may be used to describe various elements, but unless otherwise specified, these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish a first element from another element. For example, a first xx script may be referred to as a second xx script, and similarly, a second xx script may be referred to as a first xx script without departing from the scope of this application.

[0057] In one embodiment, Figure 1As shown, a satellite routing control switching method includes the following steps:

[0058] Step S1: Monitor satellite signal quality and collect satellite data to determine whether a node switch (including adjacent satellites or ground base stations) is required. Trigger conditions include: signal quality drops below a threshold (e.g., signal strength falls below a threshold, bit error rate exceeds a tolerance range), or the communication device is about to leave the current satellite network coverage (e.g., a low-orbit satellite moves rapidly).

[0059] Step S2: When a node switch is required, the optimal switching target is selected from the candidate nodes, and the signal quality of the optimal switching target is determined. If the signal quality meets the usage requirements, the communication device is coordinated to switch to the optimal switching target through the control plane protocol (such as SDN controller or distributed signaling);

[0060] In step S3, if the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, the optimal future switching target is selected from the candidate nodes based on the mobile path of the communication device, and the communication device is coordinated to switch to the optimal future switching target through the control plane protocol, and the node will not be changed within the set time.

[0061] Step S1 employs a dual monitoring mechanism (real-time signal quality + orbit prediction) to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of handover decisions. DSP hardware-level signal acquisition and a sliding window algorithm are used to eliminate transient interference and prevent false triggers. Satellite ephemeris and the SGP4 / SDP4 dynamic model are combined to predict coverage time, establishing an advance warning mechanism at the physical motion level. Together, these two factors constitute the hard indicators for triggering handover. Step S2 introduces dynamic weight adjustment to address the complexity of handover target selection. Fuzzy logic / machine learning is used to intelligently weight multi-dimensional parameters (signal quality, load, and coverage duration). Decision dimensions are adaptively adjusted based on scenarios such as mobility speed and service type (for example, the aircraft scenario prioritizes coverage time). This avoids frequent handovers caused by relying solely on signal strength while mitigating orbit prediction errors through real-time measurement of detection messages. Step S3 establishes a fault-graded response system. For temporary signal degradation, LSTM prediction is used to lock the "future optimal node." By setting a switching prohibition time window (adjustable from 10 to 60 seconds), the vicious cycle of "switching-degradation-re-switching" is broken. For deep coverage blind spots, multi-node redundancy and communication degradation are activated, and the locking period is dynamically adjusted in combination with an exponential backoff algorithm. While ensuring basic communication, AI is used to predict the probability of signal recovery and optimize resource allocation, balancing switching timeliness, network stability, and resource utilization efficiency.

[0062] In one embodiment, Figure 2As shown, a satellite routing control switching method, in which step S1 monitors satellite signal quality and collects satellite data to determine whether a node needs to be switched. The triggering conditions include: the signal quality drops below a threshold, or the communication device is about to leave the current satellite network coverage. The steps specifically include:

[0063] Step S11: The DSP (digital signal processor) built into the communication module collects satellite signal quality in real time. Signal quality includes signal strength (RSSI), bit error rate (BER), and delay. Transient noise is filtered out using a sliding window algorithm (such as a 5-second moving average). If the signal quality fails to meet the requirements for three consecutive times (such as RSSI < -90dBm), a signal quality alarm is triggered, requiring node switching.

[0064] Step S12 integrates satellite ephemeris (such as TLE orbit parameters) and communication equipment GNSS positioning data, calculates the relative motion trajectory of the satellite and communication equipment based on the SGP4 / SDP4 orbit prediction algorithm, and predicts the remaining coverage time in combination with the geometric visibility model (such as satellite elevation angle > 5°). If the remaining time is lower than the safety threshold (such as satellite communication coverage remaining < 30 seconds), a coverage alarm is triggered and the node needs to be switched.

[0065] Step S11 focuses on real-time signal stability testing: leveraging the DSP hardware's high-frequency sampling capabilities (e.g., millisecond-level signal acquisition), it captures underlying metrics such as signal strength and bit error rate in real time. A sliding window algorithm (5-second moving average) filters out sudden interference (e.g., ionospheric scintillation or device jitter). A trigger condition (e.g., RSSI < -90dBm) is set for three consecutive failed detections to avoid false positives from single anomalies. This ensures that the alarm is only activated when signal degradation persists, reducing the probability of invalid handovers. Step S12 focuses on coverage time prediction: Satellite ephemeris (TLE orbital parameters) and GNSS positioning data are used to establish a spatiotemporal coordinate system. The dynamic relative position of the satellite and device is accurately calculated using the SGP4 / SDP4 orbital model. A geometric visibility model (elevation angle > 5°) is used to eliminate theoretically invisible nodes. The remaining coverage time (e.g., countdown to coverage loss caused by satellite motion) is predicted based on orbital dynamics. When the remaining time falls below a safe threshold (e.g., 30 seconds), a handover warning is triggered in advance, addressing the issue of sudden coverage changes caused by the high-speed movement of low-orbit satellites. Step S11 responds to sudden degradation of communication quality (such as occlusion attenuation), and step S12 prevents deterministic coverage interruption (such as satellite departure). The two steps complement each other.

[0066] In one embodiment, Figure 3As shown, a satellite routing control switching method, in step S2, when a node needs to be switched, selects the optimal switching target from the candidate nodes, and determines the signal quality of the optimal switching target. If the signal quality meets the usage requirements, the control plane protocol (such as an SDN controller or distributed signaling) is used to coordinate the communication device to switch to the optimal switching target. The steps specifically include:

[0067] Step S21: When a node switching is required, the optimal switching target is selected from candidate nodes. The selection criteria for candidate nodes include signal quality (such as real-time signal strength, latency, and bit error rate), load status (such as bandwidth utilization), and coverage time of communication devices. The coverage time of the candidate nodes is predicted using an orbital dynamics model (such as the SGP4 algorithm) based on the satellite orbit parameters (ephemeris) and the position / velocity of the communication device.

[0068] In step S22, a fuzzy logic controller or a lightweight machine learning model (such as linear regression) is used to dynamically calculate weights based on real-time input parameters. (For high-speed mobile devices, such as airplanes, the coverage time weight is increased to 50%-60%, while the signal strength weight is reduced to 20%-30% to extend stable connection duration. For high network loads, such as satellite link congestion, the load balancing weight is increased to 40%, while the latency weight is reduced to avoid worsening congestion. For service-sensitive scenarios such as emergency communications, signal quality accounts for over 70%, so some coverage time is sacrificed to ensure reliability.) This determines the priority of candidate nodes.

[0069] Step S23: Determine the signal quality of the optimal switching target, send a low-priority probe message to the optimal switching target (compared to the data transmitted by normal communication), measure the stability and round-trip delay of the optimal switching target, and confirm the actual availability of the optimal switching target. If the signal quality of the optimal switching target meets the usage requirements, coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the optimal switching target through the control plane protocol (for example, the SDN controller coordinates the target node to reserve bandwidth resources, or completes resource negotiation through distributed signaling).

[0070] Step S21 constructs a multi-dimensional screening framework for candidate nodes: it comprehensively considers real-time signal quality (RSSI, BER, latency), network load (bandwidth utilization), and coverage time prediction (based on the SGP4 orbital model) to avoid bias in a single metric (such as selecting only satellites with high signal strength but about to depart). It also uses dynamic models to predict the sustainable service capabilities of candidate nodes, fundamentally eliminating nodes that are available in the short term but unstable in the long term. Step S22 introduces scenario-adaptive intelligent decision-making: using fuzzy logic or lightweight machine learning models, it dynamically adjusts weight parameters based on real-time scenarios (for example, increasing the coverage time weight to 50%-60% for high mobile speeds to reduce reliance on instantaneous signal strength). This not only addresses the disconnect between traditional fixed weighting strategies and the environment, but also ensures real-time decision-making with low computational overhead, achieving differentiated goals such as prioritizing stability in highly dynamic scenarios and balancing resources in high-load scenarios. Step S23 uses a lightweight detection and verification mechanism to compensate for prediction errors. Low-priority probe messages are sent to the optimal target to measure its actual communication metrics (latency and packet loss rate). This prevents theoretically optimal performance from being unavailable due to track model deviations or sudden load changes, ensuring reliable handover decisions. These three steps, combined, reduce the risk of handover failures while improving resource utilization.

[0071] In one embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, a satellite routing control switching method, said step S3, if the signal quality does not meet the use requirements, based on the mobile path of the communication device, select the optimal future switching target from the candidate nodes, coordinate the communication device to switch to the optimal future switching target through the control plane protocol, and within the set time, no longer change the node step, specifically includes:

[0072] Step S31: If the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, the severity of the network coverage problem is assessed (based on indicators such as historical link switching frequency and average signal quality of candidate nodes), and classified as a mild problem or a severe problem. If the problem is mild (such as local signal fluctuation), the time is set to a first time (such as 10 seconds); if the problem is severe (such as a satellite cluster coverage blind spot), the time is set to a second time (such as 60 seconds), and a communication degradation fault tolerance mechanism is activated (such as switching to low-rate coding).

[0073] Step S32: Based on the communication device's movement path (e.g., GPS trajectory) and satellite ephemeris, a machine learning model (e.g., LSTM) is used to predict the candidate node with the best coverage within the next 30 seconds. The candidate node with the highest predicted signal quality and the longest coverage time is the optimal future handover target. If none of the predicted results meet the standards, the optimal future handover target among the candidate nodes is selected, and multi-node redundancy (e.g., simultaneous connection to satellites and ground stations) is enabled to ensure basic communication.

[0074] Step S33: coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the target node (the optimal switching target in the future or the optimal switching target relatively in the future) through the control plane protocol. Within the set time, only survivability switching is allowed (such as complete signal interruption), and node switching triggered by regular network communication quality is prohibited.

[0075] Step S31 first differentiates the severity of the problem based on historical handover frequency and candidate node quality (e.g., average signal strength). For minor fluctuations (e.g., brief obstructions), a short lockout period (e.g., 10 seconds) is set to avoid frequent handovers. For more severe issues (e.g., satellite coverage blind spots), the lockout period is extended (e.g., 60 seconds) and degradation tolerance (e.g., low-rate coding) is enabled. This differentiated response balances business continuity and resource consumption. Step S32, based on the device's trajectory and satellite ephemeris, uses an LSTM model to predict the node with the longest coverage time and signal quality within the next 30 seconds. If neither prediction meets the criteria, multi-node redundancy (e.g., satellite + ground station dual connection) is enabled. This approach uses spatiotemporal prediction and redundant backup to address coverage uncertainty and avoid communication interruptions. Step S33 implements a mandatory lockout handover strategy: Only survivability handovers (e.g., complete disconnection) are permitted within a set timeframe, prohibiting handovers triggered by standard quality. An exponential backoff algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the lockout period (extending the lockout period if signal fluctuations persist) to avoid cyclic handovers.

[0076] In one embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, a satellite routing control switching method, in step S3, if the signal quality does not meet the use requirements, based on the mobile path of the communication device, select the optimal future switching target from the candidate nodes, coordinate the communication device to switch to the optimal future switching target through the control plane protocol, and within the set time, no longer change the node step, further comprising:

[0077] Step S34: Based on the real-time signal quality and service priority (e.g., emergency communications require adjustment of the lockout time), the first and second time periods are adjusted using an exponential backoff algorithm (e.g., a mild issue may initially lock for 10 seconds. If the signal fluctuates continuously during this period, the lockout period is extended by 50% each time, from 10 seconds to 15 seconds to 22.5 seconds, until the network stabilizes).

[0078] Step S35: Use the LSTM model to predict the signal quality recovery time (such as the probability of signal recovery within the next 20 seconds). Based on the predicted recovery probability, adjust the first time and the second time (for example, if the predicted recovery probability is >80%, shorten the lock time to 80% of the predicted value; if the probability is <30%, extend the lock time to 1.5 times the predicted value).

[0079] Step S34 employs an exponential backoff mechanism to respond to real-time signal fluctuations. The lockout period is dynamically adjusted based on service priority (e.g., emergency communications require a shorter lockout period) and current signal quality (e.g., an initial lockout of 10 seconds for minor issues, followed by a 50% extension for persistent signal fluctuations). This avoids premature unlocking due to a fixed lockout period, which can lead to secondary handoffs, or excessive lockouts that waste resources, thereby achieving a dynamic balance between stability and efficiency. Step S35 introduces an LSTM predictive model to overcome the limitations of passive response. By analyzing historical signal data and real-time trajectories, the model predicts the future probability of signal recovery (e.g., if the probability of recovery within 20 seconds is >80%, the lockout period is shortened to 80% of the predicted value). This model upgrades the lockout period from a static threshold to a probability-driven elastic parameter. If the predicted recovery probability is low (e.g., <30%), the lockout period is extended to 1.5 times the predicted value, and redundancy plans are activated in advance. These two mechanisms complement each other: Step S34 adjusts the lockout strategy in real time based on the current state, while Step S35 pre-adjusts parameters based on future predictions. This approach not only addresses the adaptability challenge to short-term signal fluctuations but also mitigates the cascading risks of long-term coverage interruptions, thereby enhancing communication resilience in complex environments.

[0080] In one embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, a satellite routing control and switching system includes:

[0081] Node switching judgment module 1 is used to monitor satellite signal quality and collect satellite data to determine whether a node needs to be switched (including adjacent satellites or ground base stations). Trigger conditions include: signal quality drops below a threshold (such as signal strength below a threshold, bit error rate exceeds the tolerance range), or the communication device is about to leave the current satellite network coverage (such as a low-orbit satellite moving rapidly);

[0082] Optimal communication processing module 2 is used to select the optimal switching target from candidate nodes when a node switching is required, and to determine the signal quality of the optimal switching target. If the signal quality meets the usage requirements, the control plane protocol (such as SDN controller or distributed signaling) is used to coordinate the communication device to switch to the optimal switching target;

[0083] The communication restriction processing module 3 is used to select the optimal future switching target from the candidate nodes based on the mobile path of the communication device if the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, coordinate the communication device to switch to the optimal future switching target through the control plane protocol, and no longer change the node within the set time.

[0084] When targeting low-power communication devices (such as drones or IoT terminals), nodes with lower communication energy consumption (such as ground base stations rather than satellites) can be prioritized. In the communication restriction processing module 3, the redundant connection mode can be dynamically adjusted according to the power threshold (such as retaining only a single link when the power is low), thereby extending the device's battery life.

[0085] In one embodiment, Figure 7 As shown, a satellite routing control and switching system, the node switching judgment module 1 includes:

[0086] The signal quality judgment unit 11 is used to use the DSP (digital signal processor) built into the communication module to collect satellite signal quality in real time. The signal quality includes signal strength (RSSI), bit error rate (BER), and delay. The transient noise is filtered out using a sliding window algorithm (such as a 5-second moving average). If the signal quality fails to meet the requirements for three consecutive times (such as RSSI < -90dBm), a signal quality alarm is triggered, requiring node switching.

[0087] The communication coverage judgment unit 12 is used to integrate satellite ephemeris (such as TLE orbit parameters) and GNSS positioning data of the communication equipment, calculate the relative motion trajectory of the satellite and the communication equipment based on the SGP4 / SDP4 orbit prediction algorithm, and predict the remaining coverage time in combination with the geometric visibility model (such as satellite elevation angle > 5°). If the remaining time is lower than the safety threshold (such as satellite communication coverage remaining < 30 seconds), a coverage alarm is triggered and the node needs to be switched.

[0088] It is also possible to integrate space weather data (such as the solar activity index) into the coverage time prediction of the communication coverage judgment unit 12 to predict the impact of ionospheric storms on the stability of satellite links, and to correct the remaining coverage time threshold in advance (such as increasing the safety threshold from 30 seconds to 45 seconds under strong interference), thereby enhancing the reliability of decision-making in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0089] In one embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, a satellite routing control and switching system, the optimal communication processing module 2 includes:

[0090] The node selection unit 21 is used to select the optimal switching target from candidate nodes when a node switching is required. The selection criteria of the candidate node include signal quality (such as real-time signal strength, delay, bit error rate), load status (such as bandwidth utilization), and coverage time of the communication device. The coverage time of the candidate node is predicted using an orbital dynamics model (such as the SGP4 algorithm) based on the satellite orbit parameters (ephemeris) and the position / velocity of the communication device.

[0091] The calculation weight adjustment unit 22 is used to use a fuzzy logic controller or a lightweight machine learning model (such as linear regression) to dynamically calculate weights based on real-time input parameters (when the device is moving at high speed, such as an airplane, the coverage time weight is increased to 50%-60%, and the signal strength weight is reduced to 20%-30% to extend the stable connection time; when the network is highly loaded, such as when the satellite link is congested, the load balancing weight is increased to 40%, while the latency weight is reduced to avoid worsening congestion; in business-sensitive scenarios such as emergency communications, signal quality accounts for more than 70%, and some coverage time is sacrificed to ensure reliability) to determine the priority of the candidate node;

[0092] The node switching unit 23 is used to determine the signal quality of the optimal switching target, send a low-priority detection message to the optimal switching target, measure the stability and round-trip delay of the optimal switching target, and confirm the actual availability of the optimal switching target. If the signal quality of the optimal switching target meets the usage requirements, the control plane protocol is used to coordinate the communication device to switch to the optimal switching target (for example, the SDN controller coordinates the target node to reserve bandwidth resources, or completes resource negotiation through distributed signaling).

[0093] The node switching unit 23 can be expanded to a parallel detection mechanism for multiple candidate nodes: based on the priority ranking of the weight adjustment unit 22, low-priority detection messages are synchronously sent to the first N candidate nodes (such as the first three), and the final switching target is dynamically determined through competitive response (such as the shortest delay or the lowest packet loss rate).

[0094] In one embodiment, Figure 9 As shown, a satellite routing control and switching system, the communication restriction processing module 3 includes:

[0095] The severity judgment unit 31 is configured to assess the severity of the network coverage issue (based on indicators such as historical link switching frequency and average signal quality of candidate nodes) if the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, and classify it as a mild problem or a severe problem. If the problem is mild (e.g., local signal fluctuation), the timer is set to a first timer (e.g., 10 seconds); if the problem is severe (e.g., a satellite constellation coverage blind spot), the timer is set to a second timer (e.g., 60 seconds), and a communication degradation fault tolerance mechanism is initiated (e.g., switching to low-rate coding).

[0096] The future prediction unit 32 is used to predict the candidate node with the best coverage in the next 30 seconds based on the mobile path of the communication device (such as the GPS trajectory) and the satellite ephemeris using a machine learning model (such as LSTM). The candidate node with the highest predicted signal quality and the longest coverage time is the optimal switching target in the future. If none of the predicted results meet the standards, the optimal switching target in the future is selected from the candidate nodes, and multi-node redundancy is enabled (such as simultaneous connection to the satellite and the ground station) to ensure basic communication.

[0097] The switching restriction unit 33 is used to coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the target node (the optimal switching target in the future or the optimal switching target relatively in the future) through the control plane protocol. Within the set time, only survivability switching (such as complete signal interruption) is allowed, and node switching triggered by regular network communication quality is prohibited.

[0098] Future prediction unit 32 sets a 30-second prediction window, primarily based on a balance between the dynamic nature of low-orbit satellite coverage and the real-time nature of decision-making. Low-orbit satellites typically move at high speeds of 7-8 km / s, with a single satellite maintaining coverage for approximately 3-5 minutes. A 30-second window covers 5%-10% of their effective service period. This is sufficient to capture trends in satellite constellation coverage transitions (such as the continuity of the Starlink constellation) while avoiding significant increases in orbital cumulative error due to excessively long predictions. Furthermore, the 30-second window leverages the LSTM model's advantages in short-term time series prediction, balancing computational efficiency and prediction accuracy. This ensures that handover execution time is reserved before a satellite leaves coverage (e.g., allowing 10 seconds for detection and resource negotiation), preventing prediction failures.

[0099] In one embodiment, Figure 10 As shown, a satellite routing control and switching system, the communication restriction processing module 3 also includes:

[0100] The first time adjustment unit 34 is configured to adjust the first time and the second time using an exponential backoff algorithm based on real-time signal quality and service priority (e.g., emergency communications require adjustment of the lock time). For example, if a minor problem occurs, the initial lock time is 10 seconds. If the signal fluctuates continuously during this period, the lock time is extended by 50% each time, from 10 seconds to 15 seconds to 22.5 seconds, until the network returns to stability.

[0101] The second time adjustment unit 35 is used to predict the signal quality recovery time (such as the probability of signal recovery within the next 20 seconds) through the LSTM model, and adjust the first time and the second time based on the predicted recovery probability (for example, if the predicted recovery probability is >80%, the locking time is shortened to 80% of the predicted value; if the probability is <30%, the locking time is extended to 1.5 times the predicted value).

[0102] The second time adjustment unit 35 is implemented as an example. A multidimensional time series dataset containing historical signal quality (RSSI, BER), device motion trajectory (GPS coordinates, velocity vector), satellite orbital parameters (ephemeris), and environmental data (space weather index) is constructed, with a 5-second sampling interval as the time series input. A two-layer LSTM network is designed. The first layer extracts the spatiotemporal characteristics of the device-satellite relative motion (such as the rate of change of distance and elevation angle trend). The second layer correlates environmental interference factors to predict the probability of signal quality recovery within the next 20 seconds. The output layer uses a sigmoid function to generate a 0-1 probability value. The model is trained using a weighted loss function with time decay, with recent data given a higher weight to accommodate network dynamics. During online operation, real-time data is normalized and fed into the model. If the predicted recovery probability is greater than 80%, the current lock time (e.g., 60 seconds) is compressed to 80% of the predicted recovery time (i.e., 60 × 0.8 = 48 seconds), and resources are released early. If the probability is less than 30%, the lock time is extended to 1.5 times the predicted value (e.g., 60 × 1.5 = 90 seconds).

[0103] It should be understood that, although the various steps in the flow chart of each embodiment of the present invention are shown in sequence according to the indication of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in sequence according to the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, the execution of these steps is not strictly limited in order, and these steps can be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in each embodiment may include a plurality of sub-steps or a plurality of stages, and these sub-steps or stages are not necessarily performed at the same time, but can be performed at different times, and the execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily performed in sequence, but can be performed in turn or alternately with at least a portion of other steps or sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0104] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0105] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0106] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0107] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A satellite routing control and switching method, characterized in that: The satellite routing control and switching method comprises the following steps: Monitor satellite signal quality and collect satellite data to determine whether a node switch is necessary. Trigger conditions include: signal quality drops below a threshold, or the communication device is about to leave the current satellite network coverage. When a node needs to be switched, the optimal switching target is selected from the candidate nodes, and the signal quality of the optimal switching target is determined. If the signal quality meets the usage requirements, the communication equipment is coordinated to switch to the optimal switching target through the control plane protocol; If the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, the optimal future switching target is selected from the candidate nodes based on the mobile path of the communication device, and the communication device is coordinated to switch to the optimal future switching target through the control plane protocol. The node will not be replaced within the set time.

2. The satellite routing control and switching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of monitoring satellite signal quality and collecting satellite data to determine whether a node switching is required, wherein the triggering conditions include: the signal quality drops below a threshold, or the communication device is about to leave the current satellite network coverage, specifically includes: The DSP built into the communication module collects satellite signal quality in real time. Signal quality includes signal strength, bit error rate, and delay. Transient noise is filtered out using a sliding window algorithm. If the signal quality test fails three times in a row, a signal quality alarm is triggered and the node needs to be switched. Integrate satellite ephemeris and communication equipment GNSS positioning data, calculate the relative motion trajectory of the satellite and communication equipment based on the SGP4 / SDP4 orbit prediction algorithm, and combine the geometric visibility model to predict the remaining coverage time. If the remaining time is lower than the safety threshold, a coverage alarm is triggered and the node needs to be switched.

3. The satellite routing control and switching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When a node needs to be switched, the optimal switching target is selected from the candidate nodes, and the signal quality of the optimal switching target is determined. If the signal quality meets the usage requirements, the communication device is coordinated to switch to the optimal switching target through the control plane protocol. Specifically, the steps include: When a node switch is required, the optimal switching target is selected from candidate nodes. The selection criteria for candidate nodes include signal quality, load status, and coverage time of communication equipment. The orbital dynamics model is used to predict the coverage time of the candidate node based on the satellite orbit parameters and the position / speed of the communication equipment. Use fuzzy logic controllers or lightweight machine learning models to dynamically calculate weights based on real-time input parameters to determine the priority of candidate nodes; Determine the signal quality of the optimal switching target, send a low-priority probe message to the optimal switching target, measure the stability and round-trip delay of the optimal switching target, and confirm the actual availability of the optimal switching target. If the signal quality of the optimal switching target meets the usage requirements, coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the optimal switching target through the control plane protocol.

4. The satellite routing control and switching method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: If the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, the optimal future switching target is selected from the candidate nodes based on the mobile path of the communication device, and the communication device is coordinated to switch to the optimal future switching target through the control plane protocol, and the node is not changed within the set time. Specifically, the steps include: If the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, the severity of the network coverage problem is assessed and divided into mild and severe problems. If it is a mild problem, the time is set to the first time; if it is a severe problem, the time is set to the second time, and the communication degradation fault tolerance mechanism is activated; Based on the mobile path of the communication equipment and satellite ephemeris, a machine learning model is used to predict the candidate node with the best coverage in the next 30 seconds. The candidate node with the highest predicted signal quality and the longest coverage time is the optimal switching target in the future. If none of the predicted results meet the standards, the optimal switching target in the future is selected from the candidate nodes, and multi-node redundancy is enabled to ensure basic communication. The control plane protocol is used to coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the target node. Within the set time, only survivability switching is allowed, and node switching triggered by regular network communication quality is prohibited.

5. The satellite routing control and switching method according to claim 4, characterized in that: If the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, the step of selecting a future optimal switching target from candidate nodes based on the mobile path of the communication device, coordinating the communication device to switch to the future optimal switching target through a control plane protocol, and not changing the node within a set time also includes: Based on real-time signal quality and service priority, the first and second times are adjusted using an exponential backoff algorithm; The signal quality recovery time is predicted through the LSTM model, and the first and second times are adjusted based on the predicted recovery probability.

6. A satellite routing control and switching system, characterized in that: include: The node switching judgment module is used to monitor the satellite signal quality and collect satellite data to determine whether the node needs to be switched. The trigger conditions include: the signal quality drops below the threshold, and the communication device is about to leave the current satellite network coverage; The optimal communication processing module is used to select the optimal switching target from the candidate nodes when a node switching is required, and to determine the signal quality of the optimal switching target. If the signal quality meets the usage requirements, the control plane protocol is used to coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the optimal switching target; The communication restriction processing module is used to select the optimal future switching target from the candidate nodes based on the mobile path of the communication device if the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, coordinate the communication device to switch to the optimal future switching target through the control plane protocol, and no longer change the node within the set time.

7. The satellite routing control and switching system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The node switching judgment module includes: The signal quality judgment unit is used to use the DSP built into the communication module to collect satellite signal quality in real time. Signal quality includes signal strength, bit error rate, and delay. The sliding window algorithm is used to filter out instantaneous noise. If the signal quality test fails three times in a row, a signal quality alarm is triggered and the node needs to be switched. The communication coverage judgment unit is used to integrate satellite ephemeris and GNSS positioning data of communication equipment, calculate the relative motion trajectory of the satellite and communication equipment based on the SGP4 / SDP4 orbit prediction algorithm, and predict the remaining coverage time in combination with the geometric visibility model. If the remaining time is lower than the safety threshold, a coverage alarm is triggered and the node needs to be switched.

8. The satellite routing control and switching system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Optimal communication processing modules include: The node selection unit is used to select the optimal switching target from candidate nodes when a node switching is required. The selection criteria for candidate nodes include signal quality, load status, and coverage time of communication equipment. The orbital dynamics model is used to predict the coverage time of the candidate node based on the satellite orbit parameters and the position / speed of the communication equipment. A calculation weight adjustment unit is used to dynamically calculate weights based on real-time input parameters using a fuzzy logic controller or a lightweight machine learning model to determine the priority of candidate nodes; The node switching unit is used to determine the signal quality of the optimal switching target, send a low-priority detection message to the optimal switching target, measure the stability and round-trip delay of the optimal switching target, and confirm the actual availability of the optimal switching target. If the signal quality of the optimal switching target meets the usage requirements, the control plane protocol is used to coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the optimal switching target.

9. The satellite routing control and switching system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: The communication restriction processing module includes: The severity judgment unit is used to evaluate the severity of the network coverage problem if the signal quality does not meet the usage requirements, and classify it as a mild problem or a severe problem; if it is a mild problem, the time is set to the first time; if it is a severe problem, the time is set to the second time, and the communication degradation fault tolerance mechanism is activated; The future prediction unit is used to predict the candidate node with the best coverage in the next 30 seconds based on the mobile path of the communication device and satellite ephemeris using a machine learning model. The candidate node with the highest predicted signal quality and the longest coverage time is the optimal switching target in the future. If all the predicted results do not meet the standards, the optimal switching target in the future is selected from the candidate nodes, and multi-node redundancy is enabled to ensure basic communication. The switching restriction unit is used to coordinate the communication equipment to switch to the target node through the control plane protocol. Within the set time, only survivability switching is allowed, and node switching triggered by regular network communication quality is prohibited.

10. The satellite routing control and switching system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The communication restriction processing module also includes: A first time adjustment unit, configured to adjust the first time and the second time by an exponential backoff algorithm based on real-time signal quality and service priority; The second time adjustment unit is used to predict the signal quality recovery time through the LSTM model and adjust the first time and the second time based on the predicted recovery probability.

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