Waveform and modulation configuration for transmission

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a configuration defining an event that triggers an event-based handover, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based handover. The UE may perform transmission using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding based at least in part on the occurrence of the event. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications, and to techniques and apparatus for waveforms and modulation configurations for transmission. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and long term evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0003] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communication for wireless communication devices, such as user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. The UE may communicate with the network node via downlink and uplink communications. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to the communication link from the network node to the UE, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to the communication link from the UE to the network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communication, such as via a local link (e.g., a sidelink (SL), a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and / or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, etc.).

[0004] The above-mentioned multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate at a city, country, regional, and / or global level. New Radio (NR) (which may be referred to as 5G) is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, CP-OFDM and / or single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink, and supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation to improve spectrum efficiency; reduce costs; improve services; utilize new spectrum; and better integrate with other open standards. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements to LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In some specific implementations, a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication includes a memory and one or more processors, which are coupled to the memory and configured to cause the UE to: receive a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel decoding associated with the event-based switching; and perform transmission using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel decoding based at least in part on the occurrence of the event.

[0006] In some implementations, a network node for wireless communication includes a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to cause the network node to: transmit a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with the transmission using the one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding.

[0007] In some specific implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a UE includes: receiving a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel decoding associated with the event-based switching; and performing transmission using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel decoding based at least in part on the occurrence of the event.

[0008] In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a network node includes sending a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with sending using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding.

[0009] In some specific implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: receive a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching; and perform transmission using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding based at least in part on the occurrence of the event.

[0010] In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network node, causes the network node to: receive a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with transmission using the one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding.

[0011] In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: means for receiving a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching; and means for performing transmission using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding based at least in part on the occurrence of the event.

[0012] In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with transmission using the one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding.

[0013] The various aspects collectively include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network entities, network nodes, wireless communication devices, and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and description, and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings and description.

[0014] The features and technical advantages of the examples according to the present disclosure have been outlined quite broadly above so that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The concepts and specific examples disclosed may be readily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both in terms of their organization and method of operation, and the associated advantages will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of the figures in the accompanying drawings is provided for the purpose of illustration and description and not as a definition of limitations to the claims.

[0015] Although various aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustrating some examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The technology described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / shopping equipment, medical equipment and / or artificial intelligence devices). Various aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components and / or system-level components. The equipment incorporated into the various aspects and features described may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the various aspects claimed and described. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components (e.g., hardware components, including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders and / or summers) for analog and digital purposes. The various aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in various devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements and / or end-user devices of various sizes, shapes and compositions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order that the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure may be fully understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly summarized above may be obtained by reference to various aspects (some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings). It should be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of the present disclosure and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope, as the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0017] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between a network node and a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture according to the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of backscatter communication according to the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of backscatter communication according to the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag processing session according to the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a waveform and a modulation configuration for transmission according to the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 8A and Figure 8B is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a waveform and a modulation configuration for transmission according to the present disclosure.

[0025] Figures 9 and 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process associated with a waveform and modulation configuration for transmission according to the present disclosure.

[0026] Figures 11 to 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout the present disclosure. On the contrary, these aspects are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and the scope of the present disclosure will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein, whether it is implemented independently or in combination with any other aspect of the present disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods implemented using other structures, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the present claims.

[0028] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively, "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0029] Although various aspects may be described herein using terminology generally associated with 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT, and / or post-5G (e.g., 6G) RATs.

[0030] Figure 1 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may be a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or elements of a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, etc. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (illustrated as network node 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d), user equipment (UE) 120 or multiple UEs 120 (illustrated as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e), and / or other entities. The network node 110 is a network node that communicates with the UE 120. As shown in the figure, the network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, the network node 110 may be a converged network node, meaning that the converged network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, the network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station), meaning that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

[0031] In some examples, network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as an RU) that communicates with UE 120 via a radio access link. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a DU) that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a CU) that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or communicates with a core network via a backhaul link. In some examples, network node 110 (such as a converged network node 110 or a decomposed network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. Network node 110 may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, a transmit receive point (TRP), a DU, an RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, network nodes 110 may be interconnected to each other or to one or more other network nodes 110 in wireless network 100 using any suitable transport network via various types of fronthaul interfaces, midhaul interfaces, and / or backhaul interfaces, such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks.

[0032] In some examples, network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of ​​network node 110 and / or a network node subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. Network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macrocell, a picocell, a femtocell, and / or another type of cell. A macrocell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A picocell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femtocell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 associated with the femtocell (e.g., UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A network node 110 for a macrocell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a picocell may be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node. Figure 1In the example shown, network node 110a may be a macro network node for macro cell 102a, network node 110b may be a pico network node for pico cell 102b, and network node 110c may be a femto network node for femto cell 102c. A network node may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, the cells may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of ​​the cells may move depending on the location of a mobile network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0033] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a converged base station, a decomposed base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, a "base station" or "network node" may refer to a CU, a DU, a RU, a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described herein in conjunction with network node 110. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of multiple different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to repeatedly perform at least a portion of the function, and the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one of the base station functions but not another base station function. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.

[0034] The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive transmissions of data from an upstream node (e.g., a network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit transmissions of data to a downstream node (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions for other UEs 120. Figure 1 In the example shown in , a network node 110 d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with a network node 110 a (e.g., a macro network node) and a UE 120 d to facilitate communications between the network node 110 a and the UE 120 d. A network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, a relay, etc.

[0035] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, etc. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and / or different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, a macro network node may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while a pico network node, a femto network node, and a relay network node may have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 0.1 watt to 2 watts).

[0036] The network controller 130 may be coupled to or in communication with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for the network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may also communicate directly with each other or indirectly via a wireless backhaul communication link or a wired backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be or may include a CU or a core network device.

[0037] UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. UE 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and / or a subscriber unit. UE 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

[0038] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs and / or eMTC UEs may include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and / or location tags that can communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered customer premises equipment. The UE 120 may be included within a housing that houses components of the UE 120, such as a processor component and / or a memory component. In some examples, the processor component and the memory component may be coupled together. For example, the processor component (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory component (e.g., memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.

[0039] Generally speaking, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support a specific RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

[0040] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) can communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with each other). For example, UE 120 can communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), and / or mesh networks. In such examples, UE 120 can perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 110.

[0041] The devices of the wireless network 100 can communicate using an electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency or wavelength. For example, the devices of the wireless network 100 can communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0042] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz). The frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation to more than 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz - 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0043] With the above examples in mind, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "sub-6 GHz" or the like is used herein, the term may broadly refer to frequencies that may be lower than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Additionally, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, the term may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0044] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., UE 120) may include a communications manager 140. As described in greater detail elsewhere herein, the communications manager 140 may receive a configuration defining an event that triggers an event-based handover, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based handover; and, based at least in part on the occurrence of the event, perform a transmission using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding. Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0045] In some aspects, a network node (e.g., network node 110) may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may transmit a configuration defining an event that triggers an event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with transmissions using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0046] As indicated above, Figure 1 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0047] Figure 2 2 is a diagram illustrating example 200 of a network node 110 communicating with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a through 234t, such as T antennas (T ≥ 1). The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a through 252r, such as R antennas (R ≥ 1). The network node 110 of example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as antennas 234 and a modem 232. In some examples, the network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may include radio frequency components, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs, that facilitate direct communication with the UE 120.

[0048] At network node 110, transmit processor 220 may receive data intended for UE 120 (or a group of UEs 120) from data source 212. Transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for UE 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from UE 120. Network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for UE 120 based at least in part on the MCS selected for UE 120 and may provide data symbols for UE 120. Transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource allocation information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) or secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (Tx) multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, as applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems) (shown as modems 232a through 232t). For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of the modem 232. Each modem 232 may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) using a corresponding modulator component to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may also process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or frequency upconvert) the output sample stream using a corresponding modulator component to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T antennas) (shown as antennas 234a through 234t).

[0049] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r) may receive downlink signals from the network node 110 and / or other network nodes 110 and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) (shown as modems 254a through 254r). For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modem 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols, if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor may determine, among other things, a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and / or a CQI parameter. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284.

[0050] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.

[0051] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t and / or antennas 252a to 252r) may include or be included within one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more groups of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, etc. An antenna panel, antenna group, group of antenna elements, and / or antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a group of coplanar antenna elements, a group of non-coplanar antenna elements, and / or be coupled to one or more transmit and / or receive components (such as, Figure 2 One or more antenna elements of one or more components in.

[0052] On the uplink, at the UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI) from the controller / processor 280. The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by the Tx MIMO processor 266, if applicable, further processed by the modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, and / or a Tx MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (eg, controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to execute the instructions herein (eg, reference Figures 7 to 12 ) any aspects of any method described in the method.

[0053] At network node 110, uplink signals from UE 120 and / or other UEs may be received by antenna 234, processed by modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of modem 232), detected by MIMO detector 236 (if applicable), and further processed by receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 120. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 240. Network node 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with network controller 130 via communication unit 244. Network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink and / or uplink communications. In some examples, modem 232 of network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and / or Tx MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to execute the instructions herein (e.g., reference 242). Figures 7 to 12 ) any aspects of any method described in the method.

[0054] The controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component in the may perform one or more techniques associated with waveforms and modulation configurations for transmission, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component that can execute or guide e.g. Figure 9 The process of 900 Figure 10 1000 and / or other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program codes for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of network node 110 and / or UE 120 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, conversion, and / or interpretation), may cause the one or more processors, UE 120, and / or network node 110 to perform or direct, for example, Figure 9 The process of 900 Figure 10 The operations of process 1000 and / or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running instructions, converting instructions, compiling instructions, and / or interpreting instructions, among others.

[0055] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., UE 120) includes: means for receiving a configuration defining an event that triggers an event-based handover, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based handover; and / or means for performing a transmission based at least in part on the occurrence of the event using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding. Means for the UE to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.

[0056] In some aspects, a network node (e.g., network node 110) includes: means for transmitting a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with transmitting using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding. Means for the network node to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.

[0057] Although Figure 2 The blocks in FIG. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, but the functionality described above with respect to these blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component, or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the Tx MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0058] As indicated above, Figure 2 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0059] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of the network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station or network equipment can be implemented in an aggregated architecture or a decomposed architecture. For example, a base station (such as a node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR base station, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a TRP or a cell, etc.) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as an independent base station or a monolithic base station) or a decomposed base station. A "network entity" or a "network node" may refer to a decomposed base station or one or more units of a decomposed base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs or a combination thereof).

[0060] A converged base station (e.g., a converged network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A decomposed base station (e.g., a decomposed network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually spread across one or more other network nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CUs, DUs, and RUs may also be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), among others.

[0061] Base station type operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)) to facilitate scaling of the communication system by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed separately. A disaggregated base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented virtually for at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Each unit of the disaggregated base station may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the disaggregated base station.

[0062] Figure 3 FIG2 is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture 300 according to the present disclosure. The decomposed base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that may communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more decomposed control units (such as a near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links (such as via an F1 interface). Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0063] Each of the units (including the CU 310, DU 330, RU 340) and the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315, and the SMO framework 305 may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to one or more communication interfaces of the corresponding unit, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. In some examples, each of the units may include a wired interface configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium, and a wireless interface that may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0064] In some aspects, the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among others. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP) functionality), control plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP) functionality), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, the CU 310 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0065] Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more higher physical (PHY) layers, at least in part according to a functional split (such as that defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, the one or more higher PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, and the like. In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more lower PHY layers, such as those implemented by one or more modules for fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering. Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0066] Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some deployments, the RU 340 controlled by the DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions based on functional split (e.g., functional split defined by 3GPP) (such as lower layer functional split), such as performing FFT, performing iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, etc. In this architecture, each RU 340 may be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 120. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of communicating with the control plane and user plane of the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0067] The SMO framework 305 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, non-RT RIC 315, and near-RT RIC 325. In some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 311) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with each of the one or more RUs 340 via a corresponding O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 can also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305.

[0068] The non-RT RIC 315 can be configured to include logic that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 can be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 325 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to include logic that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325.

[0069] In some implementations, the non-RT RIC 315 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and can be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 can monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 305 (such as via reconfiguration of the O1 interface) or through the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0070] As indicated above, Figure 3 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0071] Wireless networks can support energy harvesting and passive IoT. Energy harvesting can be associated with devices without batteries or with limited energy storage (e.g., capacitors). Energy harvesting can be associated with various use cases, such as power sourcing, security, access control and connectivity management, and / or positioning. Passive IoT can be associated with low-level devices, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. Passive IoT can be associated with various use cases, such as identification and / or tracking. Passive IoT can be associated with various service requirements (e.g., data rate, power, and / or density). Passive IoT can be associated with various stakeholder models, such as public land mobile networks (PLMNs) or non-public networks (NPNs). Passive IoT can be associated with onboarding, deployment, and / or decommissioning of devices. Passive IoT can be associated with various requirements regarding identification, authentication and authorization, access control, mobility management, and / or security.

[0072] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of backscatter communications according to the present disclosure.

[0073] like Figure 4As shown, in an ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID system, a reader (e.g., an RFID reader) may be coupled to an antenna, and the reader may communicate with a tag (e.g., an RFID tag), which may be a passive device. The tag may include a dipole antenna and an integrated circuit (IC). The reader may transmit an RF signal via a forward link. The tag may receive the RF signal, and the received RF signal may be reflected from the tag via a backscatter link. The tag may use the received RF signal to transmit data without requiring a battery or power source. The tag may employ passive reflection and modulation of the received RF signal. When the tag has data to transmit, it may collect the received RF signal to obtain power for operation. The tag may use a rectifier to collect (or absorb) power from the received RF signal, and the tag may use the collected power for operation. The rectifier may include a diode and a capacitor, and the rectifier may achieve a certain energy conversion efficiency. The tag may modulate the received RF signal to encode data, and then reflect (or backscatter) the modulated received RF signal back to the reader in a far-field manner, thereby implementing backscatter communication. Modulation in the tag can be based at least in part on IC / antenna resistance matching, which provides backscatter power, rather than IC / antenna resistance mismatch, which provides no or minimal backscatter power. Modulation efficiency can be based at least in part on actual radiated power and idealized radiated power. Backscatter communication can be associated with low energy requirements and low deployment complexity.

[0074] A reader or interrogator may include a transmitter, a receiver, and a baseband processor. An antenna coupled to the reader may include a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna. The reader may send an unmodulated or modulated wave (e.g., a command) to the tag. The reader may send a continuous wave (CW), which may power up the tag. The reader may send a modulated command, which may include a packet. The modulated command may indicate values ​​0 and 1. The tag may send a modulated wave (e.g., a response) to the reader. The modulated response may include a packet. The modulated response may indicate values ​​0 and 1. The reader-tag interaction may be based, at least in part, on a command-response model.

[0075] As indicated above, Figure 4 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 4 The examples described are different.

[0076] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of backscatter communications according to the present disclosure.

[0077] like Figure 5As shown, an interrogator (reader) first-talk (ITF) process may occur between a reader and a tag. The reader may send a first continuous wave to the tag, which may power up (or turn on) the tag. The first continuous wave may be sent for a duration of 400 microseconds (μs) or longer. The first continuous wave may achieve an "on" voltage at the tag. The reader may send a first command to the tag, which may include information and may provide power to the tag (e.g., -20 dBm or more). The reader may send a second continuous wave to the tag, which may maintain the tag's "on" state. The reader may send a third continuous wave to the tag, which may provide power and a carrier for the tag to modulate. The tag may modulate and backscatter the third continuous wave, thereby providing a response to the reader. The response may include data (or payload). The reader may send a fourth continuous wave to the tag, which may maintain the tag's "on" state. The reader may send a second command to the tag, which may include information and may provide power to the tag. When the reader no longer provides continuous waves and / or commands to the reader, the IC voltage at the tag may become zero. In some cases, the first continuous wave, the second continuous wave, the third continuous wave, and the fourth continuous wave may not be separate waves, but separate pulses within the same wave.

[0078] As indicated above, Figure 5 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0079] In some cases, the reader may be integrated with the RF source. In other words, the RF source and the reader may be the same device (e.g., a full-duplex device). Monostatic backscatter may involve a single antenna at the reader. The antenna may send a transmit signal to the tag, and the antenna may receive a backscatter signal from the tag. Alternatively, monostatic backscatter may involve a separate antenna at the reader. The reader's Tx antenna may send a transmit signal to the tag, and the reader's receive (Rx) antenna may receive a backscatter signal from the tag, with a certain amount of leakage occurring between the Tx and Rx antennas. In some cases, the reader and the RF source may be different devices that may provide half-duplex communication. Bistatic backscatter may involve a single antenna that is not co-located with the reader. The antenna may send a transmit signal to the tag via a forward link, and the reader may receive a backscatter signal from the tag via a backscatter link.

[0080] An RFID tag (or backscatter device) can use amplitude shift keying (ASK) to modulate information on the reflected signal, which can involve the tag turning on reflection when sending an information bit "1" and turning off reflection when sending an information bit "0." A reader (e.g., a first UE or first device) can transmit a radio wave (denoted, for example, as x(n)). The information bit of the RFID tag can be represented by s(n)∈{0,1}. The received signal at the second UE (e.g., second device) can then be represented by y(n)=(h BU (n)+σ f h BD (n)h DU When s(n) = 0, the reflection can be turned off at the RFID tag, so the second UE only receives the direct link signal, for example, y(n) = h BU (n)x(n)+noise. When s(n)=1, reflection can be turned on at the RFID tag, so the second UE receives the superposition of both the direct link signal and the backscatter link signal, for example, y(n)=(h BU (n)+σ f h BD (n)h DU (n))x(n)+noise, where σ f Represents the reflection coefficient.

[0081] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of an RFID tag processing session according to the present disclosure.

[0082] like Figure 6 As shown, a first UE (e.g., an RF source UE) may transmit a continuous wave during a downlink time slot and / or an uplink time slot to complete an RFID tag processing session. The first UE may transmit the continuous wave via a forward link. During the RFID tag processing session, the RFID tag (or backscatter device) may be read and / or configured by the first UE using an updated configuration. The updated configuration may indicate a change in a parameter, a time to start responding during the RFID tag processing session, an adjusted threshold, and / or a different power / beam configuration for the next communication or for the current communication. The RFID tag may backscatter a continuous wave, which may be received by a second UE (e.g., a reader UE). In this case, the RF source UE and the reader UE may be different UEs. The RFID tag may backscatter the continuous wave using a backscatter link.

[0083] As indicated above, Figure 6 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0084] A continuous waveform may be associated with a single carrier (e.g., single carrier), while an OFDM waveform may be associated with multiple carriers (e.g., multi-carrier). Due to the increased number of energy bursts, an OFDM / multi-carrier system may be more suitable for RF charging than a continuous wave / single carrier system, which may allow tuning of the diodes of the energy harvesting circuit and increase the sensitivity of the rectification circuit in low power states. The increased number of energy bursts may result in higher second-order and higher-order (moment) statistics of the received signal. Compared to a continuous waveform, an OFDM waveform may be associated with a higher RF-to-DC conversion efficiency relative to the average RF input power. Therefore, when comparing an OFDM / multi-carrier system to a continuous wave / single carrier system, the relationship between the RF charging rate and the number of carriers may be determined.

[0085] An RFID tag can be a device that uses incident waves to power the RFID tag's integrated circuit. An RFID tag can be an energy harvesting device. A passive RFID tag can be an energy harvesting device that immediately uses the harvested energy without storing it. A semi-passive RFID tag can include a battery or energy storage unit that obtains energy through energy harvesting. An energy harvesting device can be a modem, a user equipment (UE), a wearable device, or another type of device (e.g., a passive RFID tag) that harvests energy and stores it in a battery or uses it immediately.

[0086] The waveforms used for energy harvesting devices can be associated with different purposes for energy harvesting. Such purposes may relate to when the RFID tag or energy harvesting device has a battery, supercapacitor, or energy storage unit to store the harvested energy. Such purposes may only relate to data. Such purposes may involve receiving data and receiving energy (for example, when an RFID tag receives a command / query). Such purposes may involve sending data and receiving energy (for example, when a passive RFID tag backscatters a response). The RFID tag or energy harvesting device may not be limited to RF energy harvesting, but the waveform of the energy used may be related to the potential ability to harvest RF energy.

[0087] The type of energy harvesting waveform may have an impact on RFID tag operation. At the same distance, when the RF source uses a single carrier (e.g., with an efficiency of 20%), the RFID tag may not operate, while when the RF source uses multiple carriers (e.g., 8 tones, with an efficiency of 45%), the RFID tag may be able to operate and may begin to receive commands or responses (e.g., the RFID tag may backscatter its data). The type of energy harvesting waveform (e.g., single carrier vs. multi-carrier) may affect whether the RFID tag can successfully operate, and generally speaking, multi-carrier waveforms may be more suitable for energy harvesting than single-carrier waveforms.

[0088] The type of data waveform may have an impact on system performance. At the same distance, when the RF source uses a single-carrier waveform versus a multi-carrier waveform, the packet error rate associated with the path loss (in dB) may vary at least in part based on the type of channel. The type of channel may refer to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenario or a line-of-sight (LOS) scenario. In an NLOS scenario, a single-carrier waveform may perform better (e.g., lower packet error rate) than a multi-carrier waveform at higher path losses. In an NLOS scenario, a multi-carrier waveform may perform better (e.g., lower packet error rate) than a single-carrier waveform at lower path losses. In an LOS scenario, a single-carrier waveform may perform better (e.g., lower packet error rate) than a multi-carrier waveform for both high and low path losses.

[0089] Based at least in part on the type of channel, multiple carriers may be associated with a reduced packet error rate compared to a single carrier.

[0090] Although the type of waveform (e.g., single carrier vs. multi-carrier) can have different effects on energy harvesting and data, the waveform type may not be considered for different missions or scenarios. The waveform type may not be considered for different communication ranges. The waveform type may not be considered for energy harvesting scenarios vs. communication scenarios. As a result, the operational status (e.g., whether the RFID tag is able to operate) or packet error rate may be degraded, thereby reducing overall system performance.

[0091] In various aspects of the techniques and apparatus described herein, a UE may receive a configuration from a network node that defines an event that triggers event-based handover. The configuration may further define a waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding associated with the event-based handover. The event may occur based at least in part on a change in the event, which may be associated with a change in distance, path loss, Tx power, Rx power, charge rate, discharge rate, power level, and / or energy level. The UE may perform a transmission based at least in part on the occurrence of the event using one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding. When performing a transmission, the UE may use one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding to send the transmission. The transmission may be associated with assisting an RFID tag or powering an energy harvesting device (e.g., when the UE is an RF source UE or a Tx UE). When performing a transmission, the UE may use one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding to receive the transmission (e.g., when the UE is a Rx UE or an energy harvesting device). The waveform may be a single-carrier waveform or a multi-carrier waveform. The channel coding may be associated with a coding rate.

[0092] In some aspects, depending on the communication range, and depending on energy harvesting versus communication, different waveforms (e.g., single-carrier waveforms or multi-carrier waveforms) can be used for different tasks or scenarios. Different waveforms can be used based at least in part on switching between different waveforms. In energy harvesting scenarios, employing different waveforms based at least in part on switching can enable some devices (e.g., RFID tags) to operate rather than not operate. In data scenarios, employing different waveforms based at least in part on switching can enable devices to achieve lower packet error rates. Thus, the ability to switch between different waveforms and between different modulations and / or channel codings based on a given task or scenario can improve overall system performance.

[0093] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with a waveform and modulation configuration for transmission according to the present disclosure. Figure 7 As shown, example 700 includes communications between a UE (e.g., UE 120) and a network node (e.g., network node 110). In some aspects, the UE and the network node may be included in a wireless network (such as wireless network 100).

[0094] In some aspects, a UE can be a Tx UE. The UE can act as both an RF source UE and an RF reader UE. The UE can transmit signals to an RFID tag and / or an energy harvesting device. The UE can transmit signals to assist an RFID tag or to power an energy harvesting device. The UE can also read signals backscattered from an RFID tag.

[0095] In some aspects, the UE may be an Rx UE. The UE may function solely as an RF reader UE. The UE may read signals backscattered from RFID tags, where the RF source UE used to backscatter the signals may be a separate UE. Alternatively, the UE may receive signals for energy harvesting.

[0096] As shown in reference numeral 702, the UE may receive a configuration from a network node that defines an event that triggers event-based handover. The configuration may further define a waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding associated with the event-based handover. The configuration may define an event, and when the event-based handover is triggered based at least in part on the occurrence of an event, the waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding associated with the event-based handover may be applied. The configuration may define multiple different events, and for each event, a corresponding waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding may be defined. Event-based handover, which may occur at least in part based on an event, may cause the UE to switch between different waveforms, modulations, and / or channel codings. The waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding may dynamically change based at least in part on the occurrence of different events.

[0097] For example, the UE may initially use a first waveform, a first modulation, and / or a first channel coding. After an event that may trigger an event-based handover occurs, the UE may begin using a second waveform, a second modulation, and / or a second channel coding. The UE may receive a configuration indicating the event and a second waveform, a second modulation, and / or a second channel coding corresponding to the event from the network node.

[0098] In some aspects, the occurrence of an event may be based at least in part on a change in the event. The change in the event may be associated with a change in the distance between the UE and the RFID tag, or between the UE and the energy harvesting device (e.g., a second UE). The change in the event may be associated with a change in the path loss between the UE and the RFID tag, or between the UE and the energy harvesting device. The change in the event may be associated with a change in the transmit power of the UE. The change in the event may be associated with a change in the receive power of the UE. The change in the event may be associated with a change in the charging rate of the energy harvesting device (e.g., a decrease or increase in the charging rate). The change in the event may be associated with a change in the discharge rate of the energy harvesting device (e.g., a decrease or increase in the discharge rate). The change in the event may be associated with a change in the data rate in the transmission from the UE. The change in the event may be associated with a change in the sensitivity of the RFID tag or the energy harvesting device. The change in the event may be associated with a change in the LOS between the UE and the RFID tag, or between the UE and the energy harvesting device. The change in the event may be associated with a change in the NLOS between the UE and the RFID tag, or between the UE and the energy harvesting device. The event change may be associated with a power state / level, energy state / level, or battery state / level of one or more devices, which may include a UE (e.g., an RF source UE or an RF reader UE), an RFID tag, and / or an energy harvesting device. The event change may be based at least in part on a decrease / increase in battery power in the RFID tag or the energy harvesting device.

[0099] In some aspects, the occurrence of an event may be based at least in part on the number of negative acknowledgments (NACKs) for command reception (e.g., multiple NACKs or long NACKs for command reception). The UE may receive a NACK from the RFID tag based at least in part on the RFID tag's failure to successfully receive the command. The occurrence of an event may be based at least in part on the number of NACKs for response reception (e.g., multiple NACKs or long NACKs for response reception). The UE may send a NACK to the RFID tag based at least in part on the failure to successfully receive a response from the RFID tag.

[0100] In some aspects, the occurrence of an event may be based at least in part on an indication from an RFID tag. Alternatively, the indication may be from a zero-power (ZP) IoT device, a passive IoT device, a semi-passive IoT device, an ambient IoT device, an active tag, or a device with energy harvesting capabilities / functionality. The indication may be related to a performance metric. The performance metric may be associated with power requirements, reliability requirements, sensitivity requirements, coverage requirements, latency requirements, delay requirements, quality of service (QoS) requirements, and / or priority requirements. The performance metric may be used to communicate commands / queries to the RFID tag. The performance metric may support buffering data at the RFID tag, which may require communicating a command to the RFID tag to begin reading information from the RFID tag. This information may be indicated by the RFID tag or may be in the form of an indication requesting a change in waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding. In some aspects, the occurrence of an event may be based at least in part on an indication (e.g., from an RF reader UE), where the indication may be based at least in part on the reliability of receiver sensitivity or read / response quality.

[0101] In some aspects, the UE may be a first UE, and the network node may send a configuration to both the first UE and a second UE. The first UE may be a Tx UE, and the second UE may be a Rx UE. The Rx UE may be an energy harvesting device. The configuration may be a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) configuration, a sounding reference signal (SRS) configuration, a physical uplink / downlink shared channel (PxSCH) configuration, or a physical uplink / downlink control channel (PxCCH) configuration. The configuration may indicate different waveforms, modulations, and / or channel codings to be used based on different conditions, or the configuration may indicate different waveforms, modulations, and / or channel codings to be used for different tasks. After triggering or scheduling a CSI-RS resource or resource set, or an SRS resource or resource set, or other resources (e.g., resources associated with a PxSCH or PxCCH), the Tx UE and the second Rx UE may transmit the transmission using the corresponding waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding. The Rx UE may receive the transmission using the corresponding waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding. The waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding may be changed dynamically based at least in part on the occurrence of an event.

[0102] In some aspects, the data waveform may depend on the distance or path loss between two entities (e.g., between two UEs, or between a UE and a network node). Energy collection may depend on the statistics of the waveform, such that two signals with the same power may achieve different energy collections. Multi-carrier signals (e.g., OFDM or multi-tone signals) may achieve higher energy collection frequencies compared to single-carrier signals (e.g., single-tone signals). For simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems, for low target energy collection, using a Gaussian distribution may achieve maximum data rates (for target energy collection). As the target energy collection increases, using on-off keying modulation may achieve higher data rates compared to other types of modulation.

[0103] In some aspects, the waveform can be a first waveform associated only with data, a second waveform associated with energy harvesting, a third waveform associated with Rx data and Rx energy, or a fourth waveform associated with Tx data and Rx energy. The waveform can be a Tx data waveform or an Rx data waveform.

[0104] In some aspects, different waveforms may be used for some devices based at least in part on the class / type associated with the device and an indication of different waveforms. A device may support or use a first waveform for data only, a second waveform for energy harvesting, a third waveform for (e.g., SWIPT) Rx data and Rx energy (e.g., a passive RFID tag receiving a command or query), or a fourth waveform for Tx data and Rx energy (e.g., a passive RFID tag during backscatter). In some aspects, a device may support a Tx data waveform and / or an Rx data waveform. A device may be a Tx device that transmits a waveform for data or for energy harvesting. A device may be an Rx device that receives a waveform for data or for energy harvesting. Depending on the class / type associated with the device, different waveforms may be supported, and a specific waveform may be used at a given time. An RFID tag may be associated with a command waveform and a response waveform. A device such as an energy harvesting device may be associated with a Tx waveform and a Rx waveform.

[0105] In some aspects, the indication or configuration to use a particular waveform may be based at least in part on signaling, such as Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), or Layer 3 (L3). In some cases, the category / type may be initially indicated, and then L1, L2, or L3 signaling may be used to periodically signal support for separate sets of waveforms, modulations, and / or channel codings for different scenarios / tasks. The signaling may originate from a network node (e.g., a gNB or a control unit). The indication or configuration to use a particular waveform may be between two UEs (e.g., an RF source UE and an RF reader UE) and may be based at least in part on a negotiation (including feedback) between the two UEs. The negotiation may be related to data rate, performance, and / or channel conditions. The negotiation may be based at least in part on charge rate, discharge rate, distance, path loss, and / or channel state information (CSI) feedback from the RFID tag or energy harvesting device.

[0106] In some aspects, the configuration may be a data / energy configuration. The configuration may include different configurations for waveforms, modulation, and / or channel coding for the data. The waveform may be a single-carrier waveform or a multi-carrier waveform. The channel coding may be associated with a coding rate. The modulation may be reference signal (RS)-based modulation, cyclically symmetric complex Gaussian (CSCG) modulation, improper complex Gaussian modulation, optimized sequence-based modulation, ASK-based modulation, phase-shift keying (PSK)-based modulation, frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation, pulse position modulation (PPM), pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), on-off keying (OOK)-based modulation, Zadoff-Chu-based modulation, Bernoulli sequence-based modulation, or Manchester-based modulation.

[0107] As shown in reference numeral 704, the UE may perform a transmission based at least in part on the occurrence of an event using one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding. The UE may detect the occurrence of an event (e.g., the UE may detect a change in the event), and based at least in part on the detection, the UE may perform a transmission. When performing a transmission, the UE may use a waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding to transmit the transmission (e.g., when the UE is a Tx UE). The transmission may be associated with assisting an RFID tag or powering an energy harvesting device. Alternatively, when performing a transmission, the UE may use a waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding to receive the transmission (e.g., when the UE is a Rx UE). The transmission may be associated with powering the UE (which may be an energy harvesting UE). The UE may use a waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding to perform a transmission for the purpose of assisting an RFID tag or for the purpose of energy transfer.

[0108] In some aspects, the transmission may be an SRS transmission. The transmission may be a PxSCH transmission. The transmission may be a PxCCH transmission. The transmission may be a DMRS transmission. The transmission may be a CSI-RS transmission. The transmission may be a cross-link interference (CLI) SRS transmission.

[0109] In some aspects, a UE may send capability signaling to a network node, indicating its ability to support waveforms, modulations, and / or channel codings. This capability signaling may be associated with an initial access message, a response message to a capability query message, or an indication associated with Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), or Layer 3 (L3) signaling. In other words, the UE may send an indication to the network node of its ability to support each waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding for each task / scenario involving an RFID tag or energy harvesting device (and from a helping UE). The UE may send the indication using an initial access message (e.g., Message 1 or Message 3 in a four-step random access channel (RACH) procedure, or Message A in a two-step RACH procedure). The UE may send the indication as a response to the capability query message. The UE may send this indication over time using Layer 1 / L2 / L3 signaling and based at least in part on power requirements, sensitivity requirements, and / or reliability requirements at the RFID tag and at another UE (e.g., an RF reader UE). In this case, the RF reader UE may need to be able to process backscattered signals, and the RF source UE may need to be able to generate signals. L3 signaling may include user assistance information, which may be signaled via RRC messages.

[0110] In some aspects, the capability signaling may indicate capabilities by frequency band, by frequency band combination, by component carrier, by component carrier combination, by bandwidth part (BWP), or by BWP combination for one or more devices, which may include a UE (e.g., an RF source UE or an RF reader UE) or an RFID tag.

[0111] In some aspects, the capability signaling may indicate whether the UE is a passive IoT device (or passive device), a semi-passive IoT device (or semi-passive device), and / or an active IoT device (or active device). A passive IoT device may be associated with no energy storage, no signal generation, and no amplification. A semi-passive IoT device may be associated with energy storage, no signal generation, and with or without amplification, which may be associated with a low-noise amplifier (LNA) or a power amplifier (PA). An active IoT device may be associated with energy storage and signal generation. The UE may report passive, semi-passive, and / or active capabilities as operating modes. The UE may report capabilities based at least in part on a table, where the UE may indicate an entry from the table, or the UE may report capabilities using a bitmap or separate indications. The capabilities may be reported by frequency band, by frequency band combination, by frequency range, by frequency range combination, by BWP, by BWP combination, by component carrier, or by component carrier combination. In some cases, the capability may vary over time based at least in part on energy information, which may include a data traffic profile (e.g., expected Rx and Tx traffic over time), a charging rate profile, a discharging rate profile, and / or an energy level profile. The UE may indicate capability variations using L1, L2, or L3 signaling, which may be based at least in part on a specific implementation or based at least in part on a table that maps energy information to capabilities per frequency band, per frequency band combination, per frequency range, per frequency range combination, per BWP, per BWP combination, per component carrier, or per component carrier combination.

[0112] In some aspects, capability signaling may indicate that the UE is capable of performing different energy collection parameters per resource element (RE) or resource block (RB) or set / bundle of BWPs. For example, capability signaling may indicate that when the UE uses an energy collection power allocation architecture, the UE is capable of using different power allocation factors for energy collection, which may be per set / bundle of REs or RBs or BWPs.

[0113] As indicated above, Figure 7 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 7 The examples described are different.

[0114] Figure 8A and Figure 8B is a diagram illustrating an example 800 associated with a waveform and modulation configuration for transmission according to the present disclosure.

[0115] like Figure 8A As shown, in a single-station scenario, UEs (eg, RF source UE and RF reader UE) may transmit and receive signals because the UEs may be capable of full-duplex communication.

[0116] As shown in reference numeral 802, a UE may receive a configuration from a network node (e.g., a control unit) that defines an event that triggers event-based switching, wherein the configuration further defines a waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding associated with the event-based switching. The network node may set conditions for the UE. The network node may configure transmissions to be used to assist RFID tags or to power energy harvesting devices so that the waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding used by the UE may be based at least in part on the event-based switching.

[0117] As shown in reference numeral 804, the UE may perform a transmission based at least in part on the occurrence of an event using a waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding. The transmission may be an SRS transmission, a PxSCH transmission, a DMRS transmission, a PxCCH transmission, a CSI-RS transmission, a CLISRS transmission, a new reference signal, or a new physical layer transmission. The UE may perform the transmission to an RFID tag and / or an energy harvesting device.

[0118] like Figure 8B As shown, in a dual-station RFID tag process, a first UE (e.g., an RF source UE) can transmit an RF signal in the form of a continuous wave signal or a modulated continuous wave signal to the RFID tag. The continuous wave signal can be used to power up the RFID tag, or to power up the RFID tag and also carry a tag response. The modulated continuous wave signal can be associated with a command.

[0119] As indicated by reference numeral 806, a network node (e.g., a control unit) may send a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based handover to both the first UE and the second UE, wherein the configuration further defines a waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding associated with the event-based handover. The network node may utilize the configuration to configure both the first UE and the second UE.

[0120] As shown in reference numeral 808, the first UE may perform a transmission using a waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding based at least in part on the occurrence of the event and a configuration received from the network node. The first UE may transmit a signal to the RFID tag and / or the second UE. The signal may be an SRS transmission, a PxSCH transmission, a DMRS transmission, a PxCCH transmission, a CSI-RS transmission, a CLI SRS transmission, a new reference signal, or a new physical layer transmission.

[0121] As shown by reference numeral 810, the second UE may receive or decode the transmission using the waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding. The second UE may be capable of receiving or decoding the transmission based at least in part on a configuration received from the network node. The second UE may receive the transmission directly from the first UE (e.g., when the second UE is an energy harvesting device), or the transmission may be backscattered from an RFID tag (e.g., when the second UE is an RF reader UE).

[0122] In some aspects, the first UE may be an RF source UE and the second UE may be an RF reader UE. In a first approach, the RF source UE may collect information about the waveform, modulation, and / or channel coding used for a corresponding event. The RF source UE may collect information so as to perform a decision (e.g., event-based handover) based at least in part on a mapping shared between the RF source UE, the RF reader UE, and the network node, or at least in part on a mapping predefined in a specification. In some aspects, the RF reader UE may collect information, and then the RF reader UE may indicate the information and decision to the RF source UE based at least in part on a mapping shared between the RF source UE, the RF reader UE, and the network node, or predefined in a specification. In this case, the decision regarding event-based handover may be made by the RF reader UE. In some aspects, the network node may collect the required information from the RF source UE, the RF reader UE, and / or the RFID tag, and then the network node may indicate the information and decision to the RF source UE, the RF reader UE, and / or the RFID tag. The network node may indicate information and decisions to the RF source UE, which may further communicate with the RF reader UE and the RFID tag. The network node may indicate information and decisions to the RF reader UE, which may further communicate with the RF source UE and the RFID tag. In this case, the decision regarding event-based handover may be made by the network node.

[0123] As indicated above, Figure 8A and Figure 8B are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 8A and Figure 8B The examples described are different.

[0124] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process 900, performed, for example, by a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 900 is an example in which a UE (eg, UE 120) performs operations associated with a waveform and modulation configuration for transmission.

[0125] like Figure 9 As shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving a configuration defining an event that triggers an event-based handover, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based handover (block 910). Figure 11 The receiving component 1102 and / or the communication manager 1106 depicted in FIG may receive a configuration defining an event that triggers an event-based switching, which further defines one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel decoding associated with the event-based switching, as described above.

[0126] like Figure 9As further shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include performing transmission using one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding based at least in part on the occurrence of an event (block 920). Figure 11 The communication manager 1106 depicted in FIG) may perform transmission using one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding based at least in part on the occurrence of an event, as described above.

[0127] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0128] In a first aspect, process 900 includes sending a transmission using one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding, or receiving a transmission using one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding.

[0129] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the transmitting is associated with assisting an RFID tag or powering an energy harvesting device.

[0130] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the transmission is one of an SRS transmission, a PxSCH transmission, a PxCCH transmission, a DMRS transmission, a CSI-RS transmission, or a CLI SRS transmission.

[0131] In a fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects 1 to 3, the occurrence of the event is based at least in part on one or more of: a change in distance, a change in path loss, a change in transmit power, a change in receive power, a change in charge rate, a change in discharge rate, a change in data rate, a change in sensitivity, a change in line-of-sight, a change in non-line-of-sight, or a power state or energy state or battery state of one or more devices.

[0132] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, occurrence of the event is based at least in part on a number of NACKs for command receptions or a number of NACKs for response receptions.

[0133] In a sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects 1 to 5, occurrence of an event is based at least in part on an indication from the RFID tag regarding a performance metric, and wherein the performance metric is associated with one or more of: reliability, sensitivity, coverage, latency, delay, QoS, a priority requirement for communicating commands or queries to the RFID tag, or buffered data at the RFID tag.

[0134] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the occurrence of the event is based at least in part on an indication, and the indication is based at least in part on receiver sensitivity or reliability of readings or response quality.

[0135] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of aspects 1 to 7, transmission is performed using one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding based at least in part on a resource or set of resources being triggered or scheduled for transmission.

[0136] In a ninth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one to eight, the waveform is one of: a first waveform associated only with data, a second waveform associated with energy collection, a third waveform associated with receiving data and receiving energy, or a fourth waveform associated with sending data and receiving energy.

[0137] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, the waveform is one of a transmit data waveform or a receive data waveform.

[0138] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, channel coding is associated with a coding rate.

[0139] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of aspects 1 to eleven, process 900 includes sending capability signaling indicating an ability to support one or more of waveform, modulation, or channel decoding, wherein the capability signaling is associated with one of the following: an initial access message, a response message to a capability query message, or an indication associated with L1 signaling, L2 signaling, or L3 signaling, wherein the capability is for one or more devices by frequency band, by frequency band combination, by component carrier, by component carrier combination, by BWP, or by BWP combination, and the capability signaling indicates that the UE is one or more of the following: a passive IoT device, a semi-passive IoT device, or an active IoT device.

[0140] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, the waveform is one of a single-carrier waveform or a multi-carrier waveform.

[0141] In the fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, the modulation is one of: RS-based modulation, CSCG modulation, inappropriate complex Gaussian modulation, optimized sequence-based modulation, ASK-based modulation, PSK-based modulation, FSK modulation, PPM, PWM, PAM, QAM, OOK-based modulation, ZadoffChu-based modulation, Bernoulli sequence-based modulation, or Manchester-based modulation.

[0142] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, the UE is an RF source UE and an RF reader UE, and the UE is configured to communicate with an RFID tag.

[0143] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, the UE is an RF source UE, the other UE is an RF reader UE, and the UE is configured to communicate with an RFID tag.

[0144] although Figure 9 Example blocks of process 900 are shown, but in some aspects, process 900 may include Figure 9 900. In some embodiments, the process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted in FIG. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of the blocks of process 900 may be executed in parallel.

[0145] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000, for example, performed by a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. The example process 1000 is an example in which a network node (eg, network node 110) performs operations associated with a waveform and modulation configuration for transmission.

[0146] like Figure 10 As shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include transmitting a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with transmitting using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding (block 1010). For example, a network node (e.g., using Figure 12 The sending component 1204 and / or the communication manager 1206 depicted in the figure may send a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel decoding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with sending using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel decoding, as described above.

[0147] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0148] In a first aspect, channel coding is associated with a coding rate.

[0149] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1000 includes receiving capability signaling indicating an ability to support one or more of waveform, modulation, or channel decoding, wherein the capability signaling is associated with one of the following: an initial access message, a response message to a capability query message, or an indication associated with L1 signaling, L2 signaling, or L3 signaling, wherein the capability is for one or more devices by frequency band, by frequency band combination, by component carrier, by component carrier combination, by BWP, or by BWP combination, and the capability signaling indicates that the UE is one or more of the following: a passive IoT device, a semi-passive IoT device, or an active IoT device.

[0150] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the waveform is one of a single-carrier waveform or a multi-carrier waveform.

[0151] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the modulation is one of: RS-based modulation, CSCG modulation, inappropriate complex Gaussian modulation, optimized sequence-based modulation, ASK-based modulation, PSK-based modulation, FSK modulation, PPM, PWM, PAM, QAM, OOK-based modulation, Zadoff Chu-based modulation, Bernoulli sequence-based modulation, or Manchester-based modulation.

[0152] although Figure 10 Example blocks of process 1000 are shown, but in some aspects, process 1000 may include Figure 10 1000. In some embodiments, the process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted in FIG. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of the blocks of process 1000 may be executed in parallel.

[0153] Figure 11 1 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1100 may be a UE, or a UE may include apparatus 1100. In some aspects, apparatus 1100 includes a receiving component 1102, a sending component 1104, and / or a communication manager 1106, which may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, communication manager 1106 is a communication manager that is configured to communicate with one another. Figure 1The described communication manager 140. As shown, the device 1100 can communicate with another device 1108, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU, or base station), using a receiving component 1102 and a sending component 1104.

[0154] In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform Figure 7 8. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 9 The process 900. In some aspects, Figure 11 The device 1100 and / or one or more components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, Figure 11 One or more of the components shown may be combined Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in a set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code that are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and can be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0155] The receiving component 1102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the device 1108. The receiving component 1102 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 1100. In some aspects, the receiving component 1102 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) on the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 1100. In some aspects, the receiving component 1102 may include in conjunction with Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receive processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described UE.

[0156] The transmitting component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the device 1108. In some aspects, one or more other components of the device 1100 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 1104 for transmission to the device 1108. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1104 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to the device 1108. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1104 may include combining Figure 2One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described UE. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1104 can be co-located with the receiving component 1102 in a transceiver.

[0157] The communications manager 1106 can support the operation of the receiving component 1102 and / or the sending component 1104. For example, the communications manager 1106 can receive information associated with configuring the receipt of communications by the receiving component 1102 and / or the sending of communications by the sending component 1104. Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager 1106 can generate and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1102 and / or the sending component 1104 to control the receipt and / or sending of communications.

[0158] The receiving component 1102 can receive a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching. The communication manager 1106 can perform transmission using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding based at least in part on the occurrence of the event. The transmitting component 1104 can transmit capability signaling indicating an ability to support one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding.

[0159] Figure 11 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. Figure 11 The components shown may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner than those shown. Figure 11 Two or more components shown may be implemented in a single component, or Figure 11 The single component shown may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 11 The illustrated set of components (one or more) may be described as being executable by Figure 11 Another group of components is shown performing one or more functions.

[0160] Figure 12 1 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1200 may be a network node, or a network node may include apparatus 1200. In some aspects, apparatus 1200 includes a receiving component 1202, a sending component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206, which may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, communication manager 1206 is a communication manager that is configured to communicate with one another. Figure 1The described communication manager 150. As shown, the device 1200 can communicate with another device 1208, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU, or base station), using a receiving component 1202 and a sending component 1204.

[0161] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform Figure 7 8. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 10 The process 1000. In some aspects, Figure 12 The device 1200 and / or one or more components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the described network node. Figure 12 One or more of the components shown may be combined Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in a set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code that are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and can be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0162] The receiving component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the device 1208. The receiving component 1202 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 1200. In some aspects, the receiving component 1202 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) on the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 1200. In some aspects, the receiving component 1202 may include in conjunction with Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receive processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described network nodes. In some aspects, the receiving component 1202 and / or the transmitting component 1204 may include or be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to obtain and / or output signals for the device 1200 via one or more communication links (such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a fronthaul link).

[0163] The transmitting component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the device 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the device 1200 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 1204 for transmission to the device 1208. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1204 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to the device 1208. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1204 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described network nodes. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1204 can be co-located with the receiving component 1202 in a transceiver.

[0164] The communications manager 1206 can support the operation of the receiving component 1202 and / or the sending component 1204. For example, the communications manager 1206 can receive information associated with configuring the receipt of communications by the receiving component 1202 and / or the sending of communications by the sending component 1204. Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager 1206 can generate and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1202 and / or the sending component 1204 to control the receipt and / or sending of communications.

[0165] The sending component 1204 can send a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with transmission using one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding. The receiving component 1202 can receive capability signaling indicating an ability to support one or more of the waveform, modulation, or channel coding.

[0166] Figure 12 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. Figure 12 The components shown may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner than those shown. Figure 12 Two or more components shown may be implemented in a single component, or Figure 12 The single component shown may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 12 The illustrated set of components (one or more) may be described as being executable by Figure 12 Another group of components is shown performing one or more functions.

[0167] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0168] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel decoding associated with the event-based switching; and performing transmission using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel decoding based at least in part on the occurrence of the event.

[0169] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein performing the transmission includes: sending the transmission using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel decoding; or receiving the transmission using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel decoding.

[0170] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the transmitting is associated with assisting a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag or powering an energy harvesting device.

[0171] Aspect 4: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the transmission is one of the following: a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission, a physical uplink / downlink shared channel (PxSCH) transmission, a physical uplink / downlink control channel (PxCCH) transmission, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission, or a cross-link interference (CLI) SRS transmission.

[0172] Aspect 5: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the occurrence of the event is based at least in part on one or more of: a change in distance, a change in path loss, a change in transmit power, a change in receive power, a change in charging rate, a change in discharge rate, a change in data rate, a change in sensitivity, a change in line-of-sight, a change in non-line-of-sight, or a power state or energy state or battery state of one or more devices.

[0173] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the occurrence of the event is based at least in part on: a number of negative acknowledgements (NACKs) for command reception, or a number of NACKs for response reception.

[0174] Aspect 7: A method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the occurrence of the event is based at least in part on an indication of a performance metric from a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, and wherein the performance metric is associated with one or more of: reliability, sensitivity, coverage, latency, delay, quality of service (QoS), priority requirements for communicating commands or queries to the RFID tag, or buffered data at the RFID tag.

[0175] Aspect 8: The method of any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the occurrence of the event is based at least in part on an indication, and wherein the indication is based at least in part on receiver sensitivity or reliability of readings or response quality.

[0176] Aspect 9: The method of any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the use of one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding to perform the transmission is at least partially based on a resource or set of resources being triggered or scheduled for the transmission.

[0177] Aspect 10: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the waveform is one of: a first waveform associated only with data, a second waveform associated with energy collection, a third waveform associated with receiving data and receiving energy, or a fourth waveform associated with sending data and receiving energy.

[0178] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the waveform is one of a transmit data waveform or a receive data waveform.

[0179] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the channel coding is associated with a coding rate.

[0180] Aspect 13: According to the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, the method also includes: sending capability signaling, the capability signaling indicating the ability to support one or more of the waveform, the modulation or the channel decoding, wherein the capability signaling is associated with one of the following: an initial access message, a response message to a capability query message, or an indication associated with Layer 1 (L1) signaling, Layer 2 (L2) signaling or Layer 3 (L3) signaling, wherein the capability is for one or more devices by frequency band, by frequency band combination, by component carrier, by component carrier combination, by bandwidth part (BWP) or by BWP combination, and wherein the capability signaling indicates that the UE is one or more of the following: a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device, a semi-passive IoT device or an active IoT device.

[0181] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the waveform is one of a single-carrier waveform or a multi-carrier waveform.

[0182] Aspect 15: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein the modulation is one of the following: modulation based on a reference signal (RS), cyclically symmetric complex Gaussian (CSCG) modulation, improper complex Gaussian modulation, modulation based on an optimized sequence, modulation based on amplitude shift keying (ASK), modulation based on phase shift keying (PSK), frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, pulse position modulation (PPM), pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), modulation based on on-off keying (OOK), modulation based on Zadoff Chu, modulation based on a Bernoulli sequence, or modulation based on Manchester.

[0183] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15, wherein the UE is a radio frequency (RF) source UE and an RF reader UE, and wherein the UE is configured to communicate with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0184] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein the UE is a radio frequency (RF) source UE and the other UE is an RF reader UE, and wherein the UE is configured to communicate with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0185] Aspect 18: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: sending a configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel decoding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with sending using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel decoding.

[0186] Aspect 19: The method according to aspect 18, wherein the channel coding is associated with a coding rate.

[0187] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 19, further comprising: receiving capability signaling, the capability signaling indicating the ability to support one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel decoding, wherein the capability signaling is associated with one of the following: an initial access message, a response message to a capability query message, or an indication associated with layer 1 (L1) signaling, layer 2 (L2) signaling, or layer 3 (L3) signaling, wherein the capability is for one or more devices by frequency band, by frequency band combination, by component carrier, by component carrier combination, by bandwidth part (BWP), or by BWP combination, and wherein the capability signaling indicates that the user equipment (UE) is one or more of the following: a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device, a semi-passive IoT device, or an active IoT device.

[0188] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of aspects 18 to 20, wherein the waveform is one of a single-carrier waveform or a multi-carrier waveform.

[0189] Aspect 22: A method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 21, wherein the modulation is one of the following: modulation based on a reference signal (RS), cyclically symmetric complex Gaussian (CSCG) modulation, improper complex Gaussian modulation, modulation based on an optimized sequence, modulation based on amplitude shift keying (ASK), modulation based on phase shift keying (PSK), frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, pulse position modulation (PPM), pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), modulation based on on-off keying (OOK), modulation based on Zadoff Chu, modulation based on a Bernoulli sequence, or modulation based on Manchester.

[0190] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described in Aspects 1 to 17.

[0191] Aspect 24: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: a memory; and one or more processors, the one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 17.

[0192] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 17.

[0193] Aspect 26: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 17.

[0194] Aspect 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 1 to 17.

[0195] Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 18 to 22.

[0196] Aspect 29: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: a memory and one or more processors, the one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 18 to 22.

[0197] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 18 to 22.

[0198] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 18 to 22.

[0199] Aspect 32: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 18 to 22.

[0200] While the foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of various aspects.

[0201] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other names, "software" should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, processes and / or functions, etc. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software. It will be apparent that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented by a combination of different forms of hardware and / or hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods does not limit various aspects. Therefore, no reference is made herein to specific software code to describe the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods, as those skilled in the art will appreciate that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and / or methods based at least in part on the description herein.

[0202] As used herein, "satisfying a threshold" may mean a value is greater than a threshold, greater than or equal to a threshold, less than a threshold, less than or equal to a threshold, equal to a threshold, not equal to a threshold, etc., depending on the context.

[0203] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in a manner not specifically described in the claims and / or not disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim combined with each other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of these items (which includes a single member). As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to encompass a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination of multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other arrangement of a, b, and c).

[0204] Any element, action or instruction used herein should not be interpreted as key or necessary, unless explicitly described as such. In addition, as used herein, the articles "one" and "a kind of" are intended to include one or more projects and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the article "said" is intended to include one or more projects connected with the article "said", and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the terms "group" and "cluster" are intended to include one or more projects and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". If only want to refer to a project, the phrase "only one" or similar terms will be used. In addition, as used herein, the terms "have", "have", "have" etc. are intended to be open terms, which do not limit the elements they modify (for example, "an element with" A can also have B). In addition, the phrase "based on" is intended to represent "at least partially based on", unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "or" when used in a series is intended to be open-ended and used interchangeably with "and / or" unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in conjunction with "either" or "only one of").

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, the user equipment (UE) comprising: Memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to cause the UE to: receiving a configuration defining an event that triggers an event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching; and Based at least in part on the occurrence of the event, transmitting is performed using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding.

2. The UE of claim 1 , wherein, to perform the sending, the one or more processors coupled to the memory are configured to cause the UE to: sending the transmission using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding; or The transmission is received using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding.

3. The UE of claim 1, wherein the transmitting is associated with assisting a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag or powering an energy harvesting device.

4. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the transmission is one of: a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission, a physical uplink / downlink shared channel (PxSCH) transmission, a physical uplink / downlink control channel (PxCCH) transmission, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission, or a cross-link interference (CLI) SRS transmission.

5. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the occurrence of the event is based at least in part on one or more of: Changes in distance, The change in path loss, Changes in transmit power, The change of received power, Changes in charging rate, The change of discharge rate, Data rate changes, Changes in sensitivity, Changes in viewing distance, Non-line-of-sight changes, or The power state or energy state or battery state of one or more devices.

6. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the occurrence of the event is based at least in part on: The number of negative acknowledgements (NACKs) for command reception, or The number of NACKs received in response to the request.

7. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the occurrence of the event is based at least in part on an indication from a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag regarding a performance metric, and wherein the performance metric is associated with one or more of: reliability, sensitivity, coverage, latency, delay, quality of service (QoS), a priority requirement for communicating a command or query to the RFID tag, or buffered data at the RFID tag.

8. The UE of claim 1, wherein the occurrence of the event is based at least in part on an indication, and wherein the indication is based at least in part on receiver sensitivity or reliability of a reading or a quality of response.

9. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors coupled to the memory are configured to cause the UE to: The transmitting is performed using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding based at least in part on a resource or set of resources being triggered or scheduled for the transmitting.

10. The UE of claim 1, wherein the waveform is one of: a first waveform associated only with data, a second waveform associated with energy harvesting, a third waveform associated with receiving data and receiving energy, or a fourth waveform associated with sending data and receiving energy. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the waveform is one of a transmit data waveform or a receive data waveform.

12. The UE of claim 1, wherein the channel coding is associated with a coding rate.

13. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors coupled to the memory are configured to cause the UE to: sending capability signaling indicating an ability to support one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding, wherein the capability signaling is associated with one of: an initial access message, a response message to a capability query message, or an indication associated with layer 1 (L1) signaling, layer 2 (L2) signaling, or layer 3 (L3) signaling, wherein the capabilities are per frequency band, per frequency band combination, per component carrier, per component carrier combination, per bandwidth part (BWP), or per BWP combination for one or more devices, and The capability signaling indicates that the UE is one or more of the following: a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device, a semi-passive IoT device, or an active IoT device.

14. The UE of claim 1, wherein the waveform is one of a single-carrier waveform or a multi-carrier waveform.

15. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the modulation is one of: reference signal (RS) based modulation, cyclic symmetric complex Gaussian (CSCG) modulation, improper complex Gaussian modulation, optimized sequence based modulation, amplitude shift keying (ASK) based modulation, phase shift keying (PSK) based modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, pulse position modulation (PPM), pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), on-off keying (OOK) based modulation, Zadoff Chu based modulation, Bernoulli sequence based modulation, or Manchester based modulation.

16. The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE is a radio frequency (RF) source UE and an RF reader UE, and wherein the UE is configured to communicate with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

17. The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE is a radio frequency (RF) source UE and the other UE is an RF reader UE, and wherein the UE is configured to communicate with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

18. A network node for wireless communication, the network node comprising: Memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to cause the network node to: A configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching is transmitted, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, a modulation, or a channel coding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with transmitting using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding.

19. The network node of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors coupled to the memory are configured to cause the network node to: receiving capability signaling indicating an ability to support one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding, The capability signaling is associated with one of: an initial access message, a response message to a capability query message, or an indication associated with layer 1 (L1) signaling, layer 2 (L2) signaling, or layer 3 (L3) signaling, and wherein the capability is for one or more devices by frequency band, by frequency band combination, by component carrier, by component carrier combination, by bandwidth part (BWP), or by BWP combination.

20. The network node of claim 18, wherein the waveform is one of a single-carrier waveform or a multi-carrier waveform.

21. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a configuration defining an event that triggers an event-based switching, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, modulation, or channel coding associated with the event-based switching; and Based at least in part on the occurrence of the event, transmitting is performed using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the transmitting is associated with assisting a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag or powering an energy harvesting device.

23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the transmission is one of a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission, a physical uplink / downlink shared channel (PxSCH) transmission, a physical uplink / downlink control channel (PxCCH) transmission, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission, or a cross-link interference (CLI) SRS transmission.

24. The method of claim 21 , wherein the occurrence of the event is based at least in part on one or more of: Changes in distance, The change in path loss, Changes in transmit power, The change of received power, Changes in charging rate, The change of discharge rate, Data rate changes, Changes in sensitivity, Changes in viewing distance, Non-line-of-sight changes, or The power state or energy state or battery state of one or more devices.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein the waveform is one of: a first waveform associated only with data, a second waveform associated with energy harvesting, a third waveform associated with receiving data and receiving energy, or a fourth waveform associated with sending data and receiving energy.

26. The method according to claim 21, further comprising: sending capability signaling indicating an ability to support one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding, wherein the capability signaling is associated with one of: an initial access message, a response message to a capability query message, or an indication associated with layer 1 (L1) signaling, layer 2 (L2) signaling, or layer 3 (L3) signaling, wherein the capabilities are per frequency band, per frequency band combination, per component carrier, per component carrier combination, per bandwidth part (BWP), or per BWP combination for one or more devices, and The capability signaling indicates that the UE is one or more of the following: a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device, a semi-passive IoT device, or an active IoT device.

27. A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: A configuration defining an event that triggers event-based switching is transmitted, the configuration further defining one or more of a waveform, a modulation, or a channel coding associated with the event-based switching, and the event-based switching is associated with transmitting using one or more of the waveform, the modulation, or the channel coding.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the channel coding is associated with a coding rate and the waveform is one of a single carrier waveform or a multi-carrier waveform.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the transmitting is associated with assisting a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag or powering an energy harvesting device.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein the modulation is one of: reference signal (RS) based modulation, cyclically symmetric complex Gaussian (CSCG) modulation, improper complex Gaussian modulation, optimized sequence based modulation, amplitude shift keying (ASK) based modulation, phase shift keying (PSK) based modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, pulse position modulation (PPM), pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), on-off keying (OOK) based modulation, Zadoff Chu based modulation, Bernoulli sequence based modulation, or Manchester based modulation.

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