Low-temperature-resistant cable material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a low-temperature-resistant cable material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of cable polymer materials. The low-temperature-resistant cable material comprises the following components in proportion by weight: 95-105 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 12-18 parts of cold-resistant toughening agent, 42-48 parts of plasticizer, 15-25 parts of filler, 2-5 parts of stabilizer, 1-2.5 parts of lubricant and 0.5-1.2 parts of antioxidant; the cold-resistant toughening agent is composed of modified butyl nitrile rubber and Elvaloy 4924 in a weight ratio of (3-7):1. On the basis of the existing polyvinyl chloride cable material formula system, the cold-resistant toughening agent is introduced, so that the problem of poor low-temperature resistance of polyvinyl chloride is solved, the cable service life is prolonged, the aging resistance is excellent, the use demand of the cable in a low-temperature environment such as-60 DEG C is met, and the defects of the prior art are made up.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polymer materials technology for cables, and in particular to a low-temperature resistant cable material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the cable industry, cable materials, as a core component of cables, directly determine the performance and reliability of cables in various complex environments. With the rapid development of technology and the increasing demands on cable performance from various application scenarios, especially in extreme low-temperature environments such as aerospace, polar exploration, and infrastructure construction in cold regions, even more stringent requirements are being placed on the low-temperature resistance of cable materials.

[0003] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a common and widely used polymer material for cable materials, has many advantages, such as relatively low cost, good insulation performance, and excellent processing properties, which makes it occupy an important position in the cable manufacturing industry. However, PVC material itself has a significant drawback: its poor low-temperature resistance. At low temperatures, the mobility of PVC molecular chains decreases significantly, causing the material to gradually harden and become brittle, resulting in a substantial decline in its flexibility and impact resistance. This change in performance easily leads to cracking and breakage of cables in low-temperature environments, seriously affecting the normal use of cables and potentially causing safety accidents, posing a significant risk to engineering and equipment operation in related fields.

[0004] To improve the low-temperature resistance of PVC cable materials, the industry has conducted a series of research studies and achieved certain results. Currently, a common method is to add plasticizers, toughening agents, and other additives to the PVC cable materials. However, existing plasticizers and toughening agents have limited effectiveness in improving low-temperature resistance, making it difficult to meet the requirements for long-term stable use of cables in environments such as -60°C or even lower temperatures. Moreover, while some additives improve low-temperature resistance, they may adversely affect other properties of the cable material, such as aging resistance, leading to accelerated aging and performance degradation during long-term use, thereby shortening the cable's service life and increasing usage costs and maintenance difficulties.

[0005] Therefore, developing a low-temperature resistant cable material that has excellent low-temperature resistance and good aging resistance to extend the service life of cables has become a key issue that urgently needs to be solved in the field of cable polymer materials technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above problems, this invention provides a low-temperature resistant cable material and its preparation method.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a low-temperature resistant cable material, which, by weight, comprises the following components:

[0008] The ingredients are: 95-105 parts polyvinyl chloride, 12-18 parts cold-resistant toughening agent, 42-48 parts plasticizer, 15-25 parts filler, 2-5 parts stabilizer, 1-2.5 parts lubricant, and 0.5-1.2 parts antioxidant.

[0009] The cold-resistant toughening agent is composed of modified nitrile rubber and Elvaloy 4924 in a weight ratio of (3-7):1. The modified nitrile rubber is obtained by treating nitrile rubber with low-temperature plasma.

[0010] The operating conditions for the low-temperature plasma treatment include: a discharge power of 40–55 W and a treatment time of 2–4 minutes.

[0011] Furthermore, by weight, the low-temperature resistant cable material comprises the following components:

[0012] 100 parts polyvinyl chloride, 15 parts cold-resistant toughening agent, 45 parts plasticizer, 20 parts filler, 3.5 parts stabilizer, 1.5 parts lubricant and 0.8 parts antioxidant.

[0013] Furthermore, the cold-resistant toughening agent is composed of modified nitrile rubber and Elvaloy 4924 in a weight ratio of 5.5:1.

[0014] Furthermore, the operating conditions for the low-temperature plasma treatment include: a discharge power of 50W and a treatment time of 3 minutes.

[0015] Furthermore, the plasticizer includes at least one of dioctyl adipate and dioctyl sebacate, preferably dioctyl sebacate.

[0016] Furthermore, the filler includes at least one of calcium carbonate and talc, preferably composed of calcium carbonate and talc in a 2:1 ratio.

[0017] Furthermore, the stabilizer includes a calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, specifically the product model MK-F6005 from Chengdu Maike New Materials Co., Ltd.

[0018] Furthermore, the lubricant includes at least one of polyethylene wax and paraffin wax, preferably polyethylene wax.

[0019] Furthermore, the antioxidant includes at least one of antioxidant B215 and antioxidant B225, preferably antioxidant B215.

[0020] Secondly, based on the same inventive concept, the present invention provides a method for preparing the low-temperature resistant cable material according to any one of the first aspects, the method comprising the following steps:

[0021] The components of the low-temperature resistant cable material are added to a kneader and kneaded to obtain a pre-mixed material.

[0022] The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder for extrusion mixing, and then granulated and cooled using a single-screw granulator to obtain the low-temperature resistant cable material.

[0023] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0024] This invention provides a low-temperature resistant cable material and its preparation method. Based on the existing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable material formulation system, this invention introduces a specific compounded cold-resistant toughening agent. Modified nitrile rubber and Elvaloy 4924 have good compatibility with PVC and can be uniformly dispersed in the PVC matrix, improving the mobility of PVC molecular chains, lowering the glass transition temperature of the material, and enabling the material to maintain good flexibility and impact resistance at low temperatures. At the same time, the interaction between the two and the PVC molecular chains can enhance the cohesive force of the material, improve the strength and toughness of the material, thereby solving the problem of poor low-temperature resistance of PVC. It also has excellent aging resistance, extending the service life of the cable, thus meeting the requirements for cable use in low-temperature environments such as -60℃, and making up for the shortcomings of the prior art. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0027] The main polymer raw materials involved in this invention are as follows:

[0028] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a thermoplastic polymer produced by free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). Commercially available products such as PVC resin with a degree of polymerization of 2500, 1300, 3000, and SG3 can be directly selected. SG3 PVC resin will be used for illustration in the following examples and comparative examples.

[0029] Nitrile rubber (NBR) is a copolymer synthesized from acrylonitrile (ACN) and butadiene (BD) through low-temperature emulsion polymerization. The polar cyano group (-CN) in its molecular structure gives it unique properties. In the subsequent examples and comparative examples, nitrile rubber powder with product model number 3003 from Xinrui New Materials was selected for illustration.

[0030] Elvaloy 4924 is a polyvinyl chloride modifier from Dow DuPont, with the product model number Elvaloy4924.

[0031] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Experimental methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are generally performed according to national standards. If no corresponding national standard exists, then generally accepted international standards, conventional conditions, or conditions recommended by the manufacturer are followed.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] This example provides a low-temperature resistant cable material, which, by weight, comprises the following components:

[0034] 100 parts polyvinyl chloride, 15 parts cold-resistant toughening agent, 45 parts plasticizer, 20 parts filler, 3.5 parts stabilizer, 1.5 parts lubricant and 0.8 parts antioxidant;

[0035] The cold-resistant toughening agent is composed of modified nitrile rubber and Elvaloy 4924 in a weight ratio of 5.5:1;

[0036] The preparation method of the modified nitrile rubber includes the following steps: nitrile rubber powder is placed in the cavity of a low-temperature plasma treatment device, a vacuum is drawn, and when the vacuum degree of the cavity reaches below 10 Pa, a mixed gas composed of nitrogen and oxygen in a volume ratio of 3:1 is introduced at a gas flow rate of 70 cm³ / h. 3 The modified nitrile rubber was obtained by performing low-temperature plasma modification treatment for 3 minutes under the conditions of low temperature plasma speed and power of 50W.

[0037] The plasticizer is dioctyl sebacate, the filler is composed of 2:1 2500 mesh calcium carbonate and 2500 mesh talc, the stabilizer is a calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, specifically the product model MK-F6005 from Chengdu Maike New Materials Co., Ltd., the lubricant is polyethylene wax, and the antioxidant is antioxidant B215.

[0038] The preparation method of the above-mentioned low-temperature resistant cable material includes the following steps:

[0039] Each component of the low-temperature resistant cable material is added to a kneader and stirred at 80°C for 5 minutes to initially mix the components. Then, the temperature is raised to 110°C and kneaded at a stirring speed for 10 minutes to obtain a pre-mixed material.

[0040] The premixed material was added to a twin-screw extruder and extruded and mixed at 180°C for 10 minutes. Then, it was granulated and cooled using a single-screw granulator at 125°C and an extrusion compression ratio of 6:1 to obtain the low-temperature resistant cable material.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] This example provides a low-temperature resistant cable material, which, by weight, comprises the following components:

[0043] 95 parts polyvinyl chloride, 12 parts cold-resistant toughening agent, 42 parts plasticizer, 15 parts filler, 2 parts stabilizer, 1 part lubricant and 0.5 parts antioxidant;

[0044] The cold-resistant toughening agent is composed of modified nitrile rubber and Elvaloy 4924 in a weight ratio of 3:1;

[0045] The preparation method of the modified nitrile rubber includes the following steps: nitrile rubber powder is placed in the cavity of a low-temperature plasma treatment device, a vacuum is drawn, and when the vacuum degree of the cavity reaches below 10 Pa, a mixed gas composed of nitrogen and oxygen in a volume ratio of 3:1 is introduced at a gas flow rate of 70 cm³ / h. 3 The modified nitrile rubber was obtained by performing low-temperature plasma modification treatment for 2 minutes under the conditions of 10 min / and power supply of 40W.

[0046] The plasticizer is dioctyl adipate, the filler is 2500-mesh calcium carbonate, the stabilizer is a calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, specifically the product model MK-F6005 from Chengdu Maike New Materials Co., Ltd., the lubricant is paraffin wax, and the antioxidant is antioxidant B225.

[0047] The preparation method of the above-mentioned low-temperature resistant cable material is the same as that in Example 1.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] This example provides a low-temperature resistant cable material, which, by weight, comprises the following components:

[0050] 105 parts polyvinyl chloride, 18 parts cold-resistant toughening agent, 48 parts plasticizer, 25 parts filler, 5 parts stabilizer, 2.5 parts lubricant and 1.2 parts antioxidant;

[0051] The cold-resistant toughening agent is composed of modified nitrile rubber and Elvaloy 4924 in a weight ratio of 7:1;

[0052] The preparation method of the modified nitrile rubber includes the following steps: nitrile rubber powder is placed in the cavity of a low-temperature plasma treatment device, a vacuum is drawn, and when the vacuum degree of the cavity reaches below 10 Pa, a mixed gas composed of nitrogen and oxygen in a volume ratio of 3:1 is introduced at a gas flow rate of 70 cm³ / h. 3 The modified nitrile rubber was obtained by performing low-temperature plasma modification treatment for 4 minutes under the conditions of 55W / min and power supply.

[0053] The plasticizer is dioctyl sebacate, the filler is 2500-mesh talc, the stabilizer is calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, specifically the product model MK-F6005 from Chengdu Maike New Material Co., Ltd., the lubricant is polyethylene wax, and the antioxidant is antioxidant B225.

[0054] The preparation method of the above-mentioned low-temperature resistant cable material is the same as that in Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] This example provides a low-temperature resistant cable material and its preparation method. The only difference from Example 1 is that the cold-resistant toughening agent is composed only of modified nitrile rubber (i.e., Elvaloy 4924 is not added to the cold-resistant toughening agent); the other steps and parameters are the same.

[0057] Comparative Example 2

[0058] This example provides a low-temperature resistant cable material and its preparation method. The only difference from Example 1 is that the cold-resistant toughening agent is composed of modified nitrile rubber and Elvaloy 4924 in a weight ratio of 5.5:4 (i.e., the proportion of Elvaloy 4924 in the cold-resistant toughening agent is too large); the remaining steps and parameters are the same.

[0059] Comparative Example 3

[0060] This example provides a low-temperature resistant cable material and its preparation method. The only difference from Example 1 is that the nitrile rubber is not treated with low-temperature plasma; the other steps and parameters are the same.

[0061] Comparative Example 4

[0062] This example provides a low-temperature resistant cable material and its preparation method. The only difference from Example 1 is that Elvaloy4924 is changed to Elvaloy741; the other steps and parameters are the same.

[0063] Test Example 1

[0064] In this example, the low-temperature resistance performance of the low-temperature resistant cable materials obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 above was tested in accordance with existing testing standards and methods such as GB / T 5470-2008. The specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Table 1

[0066] Test sample Low-temperature embrittlement temperature (°C) Example 1 -73 Example 2 -62 Example 3 -66 Comparative Example 1 -39 Comparative Example 2 -50 Comparative Example 3 -45 Comparative Example 4 -59

[0067] Test Example 2

[0068] Based on Test Example 1, this example further tests the aging resistance of the cable materials obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 under aging conditions of 110℃×168 hours. The tensile strength retention rate (%) is calculated using Formula 1: Tensile strength retention rate (%) = M2 / M1×100%, where M2 represents the tensile strength (MPa) measured after aging and M1 represents the tensile strength (MPa) measured before aging. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0069] Table 2

[0070] Test sample Tensile strength retention rate (%) Example 1 96.1 Example 2 92.9 Example 3 94.6 Comparative Example 1 81.4 Comparative Example 2 85.2 Comparative Example 3 82.8 Comparative Example 4 87.3

[0071] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the cable materials provided in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention have better low-temperature resistance and aging resistance, and their low-temperature embrittlement temperature is maintained between -61℃ and -73℃, as well as excellent aging resistance. At the same time, the test results of performance such as mechanical properties (tensile strength > 20MPa) also meet the performance requirements specified in various cable standards, and can meet the needs of cable use in low-temperature environments such as -60℃.

[0072] Various embodiments of the present invention may exist in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a hard limitation on the scope of the invention; therefore, it should be considered that the range description has specifically disclosed all possible subranges and single numerical values ​​within that range. For example, it should be considered that the range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, regardless of the range. Furthermore, whenever a numerical range is referred to herein, it means including any referenced number (fraction or integer) within the range referred to.

[0073] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A low-temperature resistant cable material, characterized in that, The low-temperature resistant cable material comprises the following components by weight: The ingredients are: 95-105 parts polyvinyl chloride, 12-18 parts cold-resistant toughening agent, 42-48 parts plasticizer, 15-25 parts filler, 2-5 parts stabilizer, 1-2.5 parts lubricant, and 0.5-1.2 parts antioxidant. The cold-resistant toughening agent is composed of modified nitrile rubber and Elvaloy 4924 in a weight ratio of (3~7):

1. The modified nitrile rubber is obtained by treating nitrile rubber with low-temperature plasma. The operating conditions for the low-temperature plasma treatment include: discharge power of 40~55W and treatment time of 2~4 minutes; The plasticizer is at least one of dioctyl adipate and dioctyl sebacate; The filler includes at least one of calcium carbonate and talc; The low-temperature embrittlement temperature of the aforementioned low-temperature resistant cable material is -62℃ to -73℃.

2. The low-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-temperature resistant cable material comprises the following components by weight: 100 parts polyvinyl chloride, 15 parts cold-resistant toughening agent, 45 parts plasticizer, 20 parts filler, 3.5 parts stabilizer, 1.5 parts lubricant and 0.8 parts antioxidant.

3. The low-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cold-resistant toughening agent is composed of modified nitrile rubber and Elvaloy 4924 in a weight ratio of 5.5:

1.

4. The low-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating conditions for the low-temperature plasma treatment include: a discharge power of 50W and a treatment time of 3 minutes.

5. The low-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizer includes a calcium-zinc composite stabilizer.

6. The low-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lubricant includes at least one of polyethylene wax and paraffin wax.

7. The low-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant includes at least one of antioxidant B215 and antioxidant B225.

8. A method for preparing the low-temperature resistant cable material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The preparation method of the low-temperature resistant cable material includes the following steps: The components of the low-temperature resistant cable material are added to a kneader and kneaded to obtain a pre-mixed material. The pre-mixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder for extrusion mixing, and then granulated and cooled using a single-screw granulator to obtain the low-temperature resistant cable material.