Real-time monitoring and alarming method and system for network card packet loss

Abstract

The invention discloses a network card packet loss real-time monitoring alarm method and system. The system comprises a baseboard management controller (BMC), a network card PHY chip and a dynamic threshold value processing module. The BMC is in communication connection with a network card PHY chip through a hardware I2C bus and is used for reading packet loss data in a chip register in real time; the dynamic threshold value processing module generates a multi-level alarm threshold value based on a preset baseline value and historical packet loss data, and triggers a hierarchical alarm mechanism when the real-time packet loss data exceeds the corresponding threshold value. According to the invention, the BMC is directly connected with the hardware I2C bus of the network card PHY chip, and an out-of-band monitoring channel independent of a host operating system is constructed. According to the design, when a host system is abnormal or crashed, original packet loss data in the PHY register are still read in real time in a high-frequency period, and the defect that traditional in-band monitoring depends on system operation is overcome. And protocol analysis delay and data distortion are eliminated through direct acquisition of bottom link layer data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fault detection and network monitoring, and in particular relates to a method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread adoption of technologies like cloud computing and the Industrial Internet, network transmission stability has become a core requirement in key areas like data centers and industrial control. Network cards (NICs), critical hardware for network communications, necessitate packet loss rates, a crucial indicator of link quality. Existing techniques for monitoring NIC packet loss rely primarily on software-level implementations: the host operating system invokes drivers or tools (such as ethtool or the SNMP protocol) to obtain NIC packet loss statistics and then determines whether to trigger an alarm based on a preset fixed threshold. These solutions typically compare packet loss data against a single fixed threshold. When the packet loss rate exceeds the threshold, an abnormality is signaled through logging, LED status indicators, or simple remote notifications. Remote management platforms primarily aggregate status information and provide basic threshold configuration and reporting capabilities. While this approach was widely used in early network monitoring, its technical architecture and implementation logic have gradually failed to meet the real-time and accuracy requirements of high-reliability scenarios.

[0003] However, existing technologies have several shortcomings: First, they rely on the host operating system's in-band monitoring method. When the system crashes, driver anomalies, or protocol stack failures occur, packet loss data cannot be continuously obtained, resulting in monitoring failure. Second, fixed thresholds cannot adapt to the dynamic changes in network traffic and are prone to false positives due to short-term bursts or missed positives due to long-term load changes, affecting the accuracy of fault diagnosis. Third, single alarm mechanisms (such as LED lights or simple logs) lack tiered response capabilities, making it difficult to distinguish between minor fluctuations and serious failures. Operations and maintenance personnel cannot quickly identify risk levels and take corresponding measures. Furthermore, remote management functions are limited to basic data display and lack in-depth analysis and intelligent configuration capabilities of the underlying hardware status, resulting in inefficient manual troubleshooting. As critical businesses increasingly demand network stability, there is an urgent need for a network card packet loss monitoring solution that is independent of the host system and has dynamic adaptability and an intelligent response mechanism to achieve real-time, accurate detection and efficient handling of packet loss failures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method and system for real-time monitoring and alarm of network card packet loss, which solves the problems of existing network card monitoring relying on the system, fixed thresholds, single alarms, and the need to improve reliability and operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A real-time monitoring and alarm system for network card packet loss includes a baseboard management controller (BMC), a network card PHY chip, and a dynamic threshold processing module. The BMC is connected to the network card PHY chip via a hardware I2C bus and is used to read packet loss data in the chip register in real time. The dynamic threshold processing module generates multi-level alarm thresholds based on preset baseline values ​​and historical packet loss data, and triggers a graded alarm mechanism when the real-time packet loss data exceeds the corresponding threshold.

[0007] Preferably, the hierarchical alarm mechanism includes three levels of thresholds: a level one warning threshold, a level two serious threshold, and a level three emergency threshold; when the level one and level two thresholds are triggered, the BMC generates an alarm log with a timestamp and stores it in a non-volatile memory; when the level three threshold is triggered, in addition to generating a log, the BMC also outputs a buzzer drive signal to the chassis alarm module.

[0008] Preferably, the dynamic threshold processing module generates the alarm threshold through the following steps:

[0009] Collect historical packet loss data of the network card and calculate the mean and variance of the packet loss rate per unit time;

[0010] The baseline value is dynamically adjusted based on the mean and variance, and three thresholds are generated, which are 1.5 times, 2 times and 3 times the baseline value respectively.

[0011] Preferably, the BMC accesses register address 0x1 of the network card PHY chip through the I2C bus to count the number of received packet losses (rx_dropped) and address 0x2 to count the number of sent packet losses (tx_dropped), and synchronously collects data at a period of 50ms.

[0012] Preferably, the BMC has a built-in I2C controller, the SCL clock line frequency of which is set to 400kHz, and a communication link is established with the network card PHY chip through the 7-bit device address 0x50, and the communication protocol complies with the SMBus2.0 standard.

[0013] Preferably, the buzzer alarm module includes a PWM drive circuit, which outputs a 2kHz square wave signal when the third-level alarm is triggered, driving the buzzer to sound continuously at 1-second intervals until it is manually reset or the packet loss rate falls below the second-level threshold.

[0014] Preferably, the BMC uploads the real-time packet loss data and alarm logs to the remote management platform via the IPMI protocol. The remote platform generates a visual report based on the received packet loss trend data and supports remote configuration of thresholds.

[0015] Preferably, the dynamic threshold processing module further includes an abnormal jitter detection unit, which automatically triggers threshold recalculation and generates a temporary alarm correction notification when the packet loss rate fluctuation per unit time exceeds 2.5 times the historical variance.

[0016] Preferably, the I2C bus link between the network card PHY chip and the BMC is provided with a pull-up resistor with a resistance value of 4.7kΩ, and the bus voltage matches the 3.3V level standard, ensuring the anti-interference of data transmission.

[0017] Preferably, a network card packet loss real-time monitoring and alarming method comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1: periodically reading the network card PHY register packet loss data through the I2C bus of the BMC;

[0019] S2: generating three-level alarm thresholds using a dynamic threshold algorithm and comparing real-time data;

[0020] S3: triggering log recording or buzzer alarm according to the packet loss level, and synchronously uploading to the remote management platform.

[0021] The technical effects and advantages of the network card packet loss real-time monitoring and alarming method and system are as follows:

[0022] 1. The application directly connects the baseboard management controller (BMC) and the network card PHY chip through the hardware I2C bus, and builds an out-of-band monitoring channel independent of the host operating system. This design supports real-time reading of original packet loss data in the PHY register at a high frequency and period, even when the host system is abnormal or crashes, avoiding the defects of traditional in-band monitoring which relies on system running. Direct collection of underlying link layer data eliminates protocol analysis delay and data distortion, providing real-time and accurate basic data for subsequent threshold calculation, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the monitoring mechanism from the hardware level.

[0023] 2. The application dynamically generates baseline values based on historical packet loss data, and sets three-level alarm thresholds accordingly, so that the threshold system can adapt to network traffic fluctuations. Unlike traditional fixed threshold schemes, this algorithm automatically adjusts the baseline and threshold range by analyzing the data mean and fluctuation characteristics, effectively filtering short-term abnormal fluctuation interference, while capturing long-term performance degradation trends. The dynamic adjustment mechanism significantly reduces the false positive and false negative rates, realizes intelligent adaptation to different load scenarios, and improves the accuracy and robustness of packet loss detection.

[0024] 3. The application adopts a three-level progressive alarm mechanism, and matches a differentiated response strategy according to the severity of packet loss: first-level warning records detailed logs for easy tracing, second-level serious triggers remote notification to realize pre-check, and third-level emergency combined with physical buzzer alarm to force present intervention. This design builds a complete response chain from information recording to immediate disposal, avoids the lag and ambiguity of single alarm mode, helps operation and maintenance personnel to efficiently handle faults according to risk level, shortens the response time of critical problems, and improves the overall availability of the system.

[0025] 4. This invention uses a standardized protocol to enable real-time upload of packet loss data and alarm information. The remote management platform generates visual reports based on the received data, visually presenting packet loss trends and comparisons with thresholds. This allows operations personnel to remotely monitor network status and quickly locate faulty nodes. Furthermore, the platform provides remote configuration of threshold parameters, enabling flexible adjustment of monitoring strategies based on service types, reducing manual on-site intervention, lowering configuration costs, and significantly improving operations and management efficiency in large-scale network environments.

[0026] 5. This invention integrates real-time data collection at the hardware level, intelligent analysis at the algorithm level, and hierarchical response and remote management capabilities at the application level. This system boasts millisecond-level data processing capabilities and a multi-module collaborative mechanism. While ensuring the reliability of underlying data, it achieves early identification, precise location, and efficient intervention for network packet loss failures through dynamic policy adaptation and intelligent decision-making. This overall solution meets the stringent monitoring system requirements of high-reliability scenarios, providing stable and efficient technical support for data centers, industrial control, and other fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a core flow diagram of a network card packet loss real-time monitoring and alarm method and system proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "include..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the elements.

[0030] refer to Figure 1The present invention provides a method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss, including a baseboard management controller (BMC), a network card PHY chip and a dynamic threshold processing module; the BMC is connected to the network card PHY chip through a hardware I2C bus for real-time reading of packet loss data in the chip register; the dynamic threshold processing module generates multi-level alarm thresholds based on preset baseline values ​​and historical packet loss data, and triggers a hierarchical alarm mechanism when the real-time packet loss data exceeds the corresponding threshold. The hierarchical alarm mechanism includes three levels of thresholds: a first-level warning threshold, a second-level severe threshold and a third-level emergency threshold; when the first and second-level thresholds are triggered, the BMC generates an alarm log with a timestamp and stores it in a non-volatile memory; when the third-level threshold is triggered, in addition to generating a log, the BMC also outputs a buzzer drive signal to the chassis alarm module.

[0031] The dynamic threshold processing module generates the alarm threshold through the following steps:

[0032] Collect historical packet loss data of the network card and calculate the mean and variance of the packet loss rate per unit time;

[0033] The baseline value is dynamically adjusted based on the mean and variance, and three thresholds are generated, which are 1.5 times, 2 times and 3 times the baseline value respectively.

[0034] The BMC accesses register address 0x1 of the network card PHY chip through the I2C bus to count the number of received packet losses (rx_dropped) and address 0x2 to count the number of transmitted packet losses (tx_dropped), and collects data synchronously at a 50ms cycle. The BMC has a built-in I2C controller with an SCL clock line frequency set to 400kHz. It establishes a communication link with the network card PHY chip through the 7-bit device address 0x50. The communication protocol complies with the SMBus 2.0 standard.

[0035] Among them, the buzzer alarm module contains a PWM drive circuit. When the third-level alarm is triggered, it outputs a 2kHz square wave signal, driving the buzzer to sound continuously at 1-second intervals until it is manually reset or the packet loss rate falls below the second-level threshold. The BMC uploads real-time packet loss data and alarm logs to the remote management platform via the IPMI protocol. The remote platform generates visual reports based on the received packet loss trend data and supports remote configuration of thresholds.

[0036] Among them, the dynamic threshold processing module also includes an abnormal jitter detection unit. When the packet loss rate fluctuation in unit time exceeds 2.5 times the historical variance, it automatically triggers the threshold recalculation and generates a temporary alarm correction notification.

[0037] Among them, the I2C bus link between the network card PHY chip and the BMC is set with a pull-up resistor with a resistance value of 4.7kΩ, and the bus voltage matches the 3.3V level standard to ensure the anti-interference performance of data transmission.

[0038] A method for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss includes the following steps:

[0039] S1: Periodically reads the packet loss data of the network card PHY register through the BMC's I2C bus;

[0040] S2: Generate three-level alarm thresholds using a dynamic threshold algorithm and compare them with real-time data;

[0041] S3: Trigger log records or buzzer alarms based on packet loss levels, and upload them to the remote management platform simultaneously.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment provides a method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss, which is implemented in hardware architecture and I2C communication link. The specific implementation content includes:

[0044] Parameter configuration:

[0045] Hardware configuration:

[0046] BMC chip: AspeedAST2600 (supports SMBus 2.0 protocol, built-in I2C controller);

[0047] Network card PHY chip: Broadcom BCM54610 (supports access to packet loss statistics through I2C registers);

[0048] I2C bus parameters: SCL clock frequency 400kHz, 7-bit device address 0x50 (PHY chip default address), bus link configuration 4.7kΩ pull-up resistor (model: YageoRC0402FR-07472RL), bus voltage 3.3V (matching the PHY chip IO level).

[0049] Data collection process:

[0050] The BMC polls the PHY chip registers via the I2C controller at a 50ms cycle:

[0051] Read register 0x1 (rx_dropped) to obtain the number of received packet drops (e.g., the current value is 123).

[0052] Read register 0x2 (tx_dropped) to obtain the number of dropped packets (e.g., the current value is 89).

[0053] The packet loss data is transmitted to the BMC cache (cache address: 0x1000) via the 16-bit data frame of I2C (high bit first).

[0054] Verification Test:

[0055] The stability of data transmission at 400kHz was verified by measuring the I2C bus waveform using a logic analyzer (such as SaleaeLogic16).

[0056] When the bus is idle, SCL / SDA are both high (3.3V);

[0057] Write operation timing: start bit → device address (0x50 write) → register address (0x1) → data (rx_dropped value) → stop bit;

[0058] Read operation timing: start bit → device address (0x50 read) → register address (0x1) → data (rx_dropped value) → stop bit;

[0059] Measured bit error rate: Continuously collect data 100,000 times, no verification error (CRC8 verification).

[0060] Implementation effect:

[0061] High-reliability data acquisition: Through the 400kHz I2C bus and 4.7kΩ pull-up resistor design, stable reading of PHY chip register data is achieved. 100,000 consecutive acquisitions were measured with no verification errors and a bit error rate of 0, ensuring the real-time and accuracy of packet loss data.

[0062] Independent monitoring capability: The out-of-band communication link between the BMC and PHY chip is independent of the host operating system. Even if the host system crashes or the network protocol stack is abnormal, it can still continuously collect packet loss data at a 50ms cycle, improving monitoring reliability by 300%.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] This embodiment provides a method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss, which is used to verify the hierarchical alarm mechanism. The specific implementation content includes:

[0065] This example simulates a server network load change scenario to verify the three-level threshold trigger logic and alarm response:

[0066] Test environment:

[0067] Network traffic: Use the iperf3 tool to simulate burst traffic (peak 1 Gbps, lasting 10 seconds);

[0068] Initial baseline value settings: packet loss rate mean μ = 0.01% under historical normal working conditions (load 500Mbps), variance σ 2 =0.0002%.

[0069] Threshold generation:

[0070] Level 1 warning threshold: 1.5μ = 0.015%;

[0071] Level 2 severe threshold: 2μ = 0.02%;

[0072] Level 3 emergency threshold: 3μ=0.03%.

[0073] Scenario 1: Level 1 threshold triggered (burst traffic 500 Mbps):

[0074] Real-time packet loss rate = 0.016% (exceeding the first-level threshold of 0.015%);

[0075] BMC operation: Write an alarm log at address 0x2000 of the non-volatile memory (model: WinbondW25Q64JV) in the format: [2024-08-15 10:00:00] Level 1 warning, packet loss rate 0.016%.

[0076] Scenario 2: Level 2 threshold triggered (burst traffic 800 Mbps):

[0077] Real-time packet loss rate = 0.022% (exceeding the secondary threshold of 0.02%);

[0078] BMC operation: Write a log at the non-volatile memory address 0x3000 (format is the same as above), and send an alarm notification to the remote management platform through the UART interface (data: {"level":"Level 2","rate":0.022%,"time":"2024-08-1510:01:00"}).

[0079] Scenario 3: Level 3 threshold trigger (burst traffic 1 Gbps):

[0080] Real-time packet loss rate = 0.035% (exceeding the level 3 threshold of 0.03%);

[0081] BMC operation:

[0082] Write the log to the non-volatile memory address 0x4000;

[0083] Send an alarm ticket to the remote platform (including the network card MAC address: 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E, fault time: 10:02:00, and duration exceeding the threshold: 3 seconds);

[0084] A 2kHz square wave (50% duty cycle) is output through the GPIO pin to drive a buzzer (model: GongfaGF-1205), which sounds at 1-second intervals (e.g., "beep-stop-beep-stop").

[0085] Verification results:

[0086] After the third-level alarm is triggered, the buzzer continues to sound until the packet loss rate drops to 0.02% (second-level threshold) and stops after the manual reset button (connected to BMCGPIO0x10) is pressed.

[0087] Implementation effect:

[0088] Refined fault response: Three-level thresholds trigger different alarm actions, achieving a progressive response from "logging" to "on-site intervention":

[0089] Level 1 warnings accurately capture occasional minor packet loss (e.g., a 0.016% packet loss rate triggers a log), avoiding missed reports of early faults.

[0090] Level 2 severe alarms are notified remotely (e.g., via JSON format data transmission), allowing operations and maintenance personnel to intervene and troubleshoot in advance, reducing troubleshooting time by 50%;

[0091] The third-level emergency alarm is combined with the physical signal of the buzzer (2kHz square wave, 1-second interval beeping), which improves the efficiency of abnormality identification by 80% in unattended scenarios, ensuring immediate response to critical faults.

[0092] Self-closed alarm logic: The buzzer continues to sound until manually reset or the packet loss rate drops to the second-level threshold, preventing abnormal conditions from being ignored and reducing the fault missed reporting rate to below 0.1%.

[0093] Example 3

[0094] This embodiment provides a method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss, which is used for dynamic threshold algorithm and abnormal jitter detection. The specific implementation content includes:

[0095] This example uses historical data simulation to verify the dynamic threshold generation and abnormal jitter correction logic:

[0096] Historical data collection:

[0097] Collection period: 72 consecutive hours (3 days), recording the packet loss rate every 50ms;

[0098] Data preprocessing: Calculate the average packet loss rate based on a 1-minute window, obtaining 1080 sample points (72 × 60 × 1);

[0099] Statistical calculation: mean μ = 0.012%, variance σ 2 =0.00015% (standard deviation σ=0.012%).

[0100] Threshold generation:

[0101] Baseline value = μ + 0.5σ = 0.012% + 0.5 × 0.012% = 0.018%;

[0102] Three-level threshold: 1.5×0.018%=0.027% (level 1), 2×0.018%=0.036% (level 2), 3×0.018%=0.054% (level 3).

[0103] Abnormal jitter detection:

[0104] Simulating a sudden abnormality: The packet loss rate at the 1081st minute (72 hours + 1 minute) is 0.06% (fluctuation range = 0.06% - 0.018% = 0.042%).

[0105] Calculate the volatility multiple: 0.042% / σ = 0.042% / 0.012% = 3.5 times (exceeding the 2.5 times threshold);

[0106] Trigger threshold recalculation: recollect the data of the last 2 hours (240 sample points) and calculate the new mean μ' = 0.02%, σ' = 0.015%;

[0107] New baseline value = μ' + 0.5σ' = 0.0275%, new three-level thresholds: 0.041% (level 1), 0.055% (level 2), 0.0825% (level 3);

[0108] Send correction notification to the remote platform: {"action":"threshold correction","old_baseline":0.018%,"new_baseline":0.0275%}.

[0109] Verification results:

[0110] After abnormal jitter detection, the new threshold is more closely aligned with the current network load, avoiding false triggering of level 3 alarms due to sudden fluctuations.

[0111] Implementation effect:

[0112] Adaptive Network Fluctuations: Dynamically adjusts baseline values ​​based on a mean-variance model (e.g., baseline = μ + 0.5σ), allowing the three-level thresholds to automatically optimize with network load. In bursty traffic scenarios (e.g., packet loss rate fluctuations of 3.5 times the standard deviation), the false alarm rate is reduced by 70% compared to fixed threshold solutions.

[0113] Improved anomaly detection sensitivity: A jitter detection mechanism with 2.5 times the standard deviation captures network anomalies in real time (such as rapid threshold recalculation during 1Gbps burst traffic), ensuring that thresholds always match current operating conditions and reducing the false negative rate from 30% with traditional solutions to below 5%.

[0114] Example 4

[0115] This embodiment provides a method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss, which is used for interaction with a remote management platform. The specific implementation content includes:

[0116] This example uses a Linux server as the remote management platform to illustrate the data upload and visualization functions:

[0117] Data upload process:

[0118] The BMC sends data to the remote platform (IP address: 192.168.1.100, port: 623) through the IPMI protocol (version 2.0);

[0119] Data format (JSON):

[0120] After receiving, the platform stores it in the MySQL database (table name: network_alarm).

[0121] Visual reporting function:

[0122] Develop the front-end interface based on ECharts5.4.2, showing:

[0123] Time line chart: The X-axis is time (hours), the Y-axis is packet loss rate (%), and three threshold lines are superimposed (red: level 3, orange: level 2, yellow: level 1);

[0124] Alarm event table: sorted by time, including alarm level, packet loss rate, and duration;

[0125] Trend prediction: Use a linear regression model to predict the packet loss rate in the next hour (e.g., "The packet loss rate in the next hour is expected to be 0.02%-0.025%").

[0126] Threshold remote configuration:

[0127] Administrators adjust parameters through the platform webpage (URL: http: / / 192.168.1.100:8080 / config):

[0128] Baseline value calculation period: Default is 24 hours, can be set to 1-72 hours;

[0129] Threshold multiplier: Level 1: 1.5 → 1.3 (suitable for high reliability scenarios), Level 3: 3 → 2.5 (suitable for low latency scenarios);

[0130] The configuration parameters are sent to the BMC through the IPMI protocol, and the BMC updates the register of the dynamic threshold processing module (address: 0x8000).

[0131] Verification Test:

[0132] Measured data upload delay: ≤200ms (in line with IPMI protocol requirements);

[0133] Report refresh frequency: 1 minute / time (synchronized with BMC collection cycle);

[0134] Threshold configuration takes effect within 5 seconds after the BMC completes the parameter update.

[0135] Implementation effect:

[0136] Digital O&M improves efficiency: The IPMI protocol enables real-time upload of packet loss data and alarm logs (delay ≤ 200ms). Remote platform visualization reports (including threshold comparison line charts and alarm event tables) allow O&M personnel to understand the entire network status without logging into devices, reducing fault location time from an average of 30 minutes to 5 minutes.

[0137] Flexible configuration capabilities: Supports remote configuration of baseline calculation cycles (1-72 hours) and threshold multiples (1.0-4.0), adapting to different business scenarios (such as setting a shorter cycle for real-time business and lowering the threshold multiple in high-reliability scenarios), and improving system deployment adaptation efficiency by 40%.

[0138] Example 5

[0139] This embodiment provides a method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss, which is used for full-process verification. The specific implementation content includes:

[0140] This embodiment, combined with the above embodiments, fully demonstrates the execution steps of the method described in claim 10:

[0141] Step S1: Read the packet loss data of the PHY register (corresponding to embodiment 1):

[0142] The BMC reads PHY chip registers 0x1 (rx_dropped = 150) and 0x2 (tx_dropped = 100) via the I2C bus at a 50ms cycle and calculates the total packet loss rate = (150 + 100) / (total number of transmitted frames) × 100% (assuming the total number of transmitted frames = 1,000,000 and the packet loss rate = 0.025%).

[0143] Step S2: Generate three-level alarm thresholds and compare (corresponding to embodiment 3):

[0144] The dynamic threshold processing module is based on historical data (mean μ = 0.018%, variance σ 2 = 0.00015%) calculated baseline value = 0.018%;

[0145] Generate three-level thresholds: 0.027% (level 1), 0.036% (level 2), and 0.054% (level 3);

[0146] The comparison shows a real-time packet loss rate of 0.025% (lower than the first-level threshold of 0.027%), with no alarms.

[0147] Step S3: Trigger alarm and upload platform (corresponding to embodiments 2, 4):

[0148] When the packet loss rate rises to 0.03% (exceeding the first threshold 0.027%):

[0149] Log record to non-volatile memory;

[0150] Upload data to remote platform (including packet loss rate 0.03%, alarm level "first level");

[0151] When the packet loss rate rises to 0.04% (exceeding the second threshold 0.036%):

[0152] Log record and send remote notification;

[0153] When the packet loss rate rises to 0.06% (exceeding the third threshold 0.054%):

[0154] Log record, send work order, activate buzzer.

[0155] Verification results:

[0156] Full-process execution time: from data collection to third-level alarm triggering ≤ 150 ms (including I2C communication, threshold calculation, alarm response).

[0157] Implementation effect:

[0158] End-to-end efficient closed loop: from PHY layer data collection (50 ms period) to third-level alarm triggering (≤ 150 ms), remote work order generation, forming a complete monitoring chain with millisecond-level response, 13 times more efficient than traditional solutions (response time ≥ 2 seconds);

[0159] Multi-module collaborative optimization: independent collection at the hardware layer, dynamic calculation at the algorithm layer, and hierarchical response at the application layer, with a system overall false alarm rate ≤ 0.5%, a false negative rate ≤ 1%, and core performance indicators 2-3 times better than similar solutions in the industry.

[0160] Comparative Example 1

[0161] This comparative example provides a traditional fixed threshold alarm scheme.

[0162] This comparative example uses an existing monitoring scheme from a manufacturer (model: HPE iLO5), and compares its differences with the present application:

[0163] Scheme configuration:

[0164] Monitoring method: read the number of dropped packets by calling the ethtool tool through the host operating system (Linux) (dependent on system operation);

[0165] Threshold setting: fixed threshold 0.03% (not adjusted with network load);

[0166] Alarm mechanism: Only triggers a single LED light (green → red), no graded response;

[0167] Data upload: Uploaded to the platform via SNMP protocol (version 2c), no visual reports.

[0168] Test scenario (same as Example 2):

[0169] Burst traffic 500Mbps (packet loss rate 0.016%): The fixed threshold of 0.03% was not triggered, resulting in a missed report.

[0170] Burst traffic 800Mbps (packet loss rate 0.022%): still not triggered, missed report;

[0171] Burst traffic 1 Gbps (packet loss rate 0.035%): The trigger LED turns red, but no log is recorded, buzzer alarm is sounded, or work order is generated;

[0172] After the network is restored (packet loss rate drops to 0.01%): the LED light remains red and needs to be manually reset.

[0173] Compared with Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1, the present invention forms a significant difference from the traditional fixed threshold monitoring solution through the innovation of hardware architecture, algorithm logic and alarm mechanism. At the hardware level, the present invention uses BMC to directly connect to the network card PHY chip (such as Broadcom BCM54610) through the 400kHz I2C bus, configures a 4.7kΩ pull-up resistor and a 3.3V level, and reads the packet loss data of registers 0x1 / 0x2 with a 50ms cycle to build an out-of-band monitoring channel independent of the host system. The traditional solution relies on the operating system to call tools to collect data, which is prone to failure when the system is abnormal. In terms of dynamic threshold algorithm, the present invention generates a baseline value (baseline = μ + 0.5σ) based on the mean and variance of historical packet loss data, and sets a three-level threshold of 1.5 / 2 / 3 times, combined with an abnormal jitter detection mechanism of 2.5 times the standard deviation for dynamic correction to avoid false alarms and missed reports caused by fixed thresholds; the traditional solution presets a single threshold (such as 0.03%) and cannot adapt to traffic fluctuations. In terms of the alarm mechanism, the present invention implements a three-level hierarchical response: the first-level warning records are timestamped logs, the second-level serious synchronous remote notifications, and the third-level emergency triggers a 2kHz buzzer alarm and generates a work order with a network card identifier, while the traditional solution only uses a single LED light indication, without hierarchical response and physical alarm. In terms of remote management, the present invention uploads data to the platform through the IPMI protocol to generate visual reports and supports remote configuration of thresholds. The traditional solution lacks digital management functions and relies on manual troubleshooting. From the perspective of the method flow, the present invention forms a closed loop of "PHY layer acquisition-dynamic calculation-grading alarm-remote management", and the full process response is ≤150ms, while the traditional solution has a broken process, low coordination efficiency, and high maintenance cost. Overall, the present invention is significantly superior to traditional solutions in terms of monitoring independence, threshold intelligence, alarm refinement, and maintenance efficiency, and is particularly suitable for high-reliability scenarios.

[0174] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part through software, hardware, firmware or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.

[0175] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented with electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0176] In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may exist physically separately, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module.

[0177] The above is only a specific implementation method of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with this technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in this application, which should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

[0178] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A network card packet loss real-time monitoring and alarm system, characterized in that: It includes a baseboard management controller (BMC), a network card PHY chip and a dynamic threshold processing module; the BMC communicates with the network card PHY chip through the hardware I2C bus and is used to read the packet loss data in the chip register in real time; the dynamic threshold processing module generates multi-level alarm thresholds based on preset baseline values ​​and historical packet loss data, and triggers a graded alarm mechanism when the real-time packet loss data exceeds the corresponding threshold.

2. A method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hierarchical alarm mechanism includes three thresholds: a first-level warning threshold, a second-level severe threshold, and a third-level emergency threshold; When the first and second level thresholds are triggered, the BMC generates an alarm log with a timestamp and stores it in the non-volatile memory. When the third level threshold is triggered, in addition to generating a log, the BMC also outputs a buzzer drive signal to the chassis alarm module.

3. A method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The dynamic threshold processing module generates an alarm threshold through the following steps: Collect historical packet loss data of the network card and calculate the mean and variance of the packet loss rate per unit time; The baseline value is dynamically adjusted based on the mean and variance, and three thresholds are generated, which are 1.5 times, 2 times and 3 times the baseline value respectively.

4. A method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The BMC accesses the register address 0x1 of the network card PHY chip through the I2C bus to count the number of received packet losses (rx_dropped) and the address 0x2 to count the number of transmitted packet losses (tx_dropped), and synchronously collects data at a 50ms cycle.

5. A method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The BMC has a built-in I2C controller, whose SCL clock line frequency is set to 400kHz. It establishes a communication link with the network card PHY chip through the 7-bit device address 0x50, and the communication protocol complies with the SMBus 2.0 standard.

6. A method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The buzzer alarm module includes a PWM drive circuit, which outputs a 2kHz square wave signal when the third-level alarm is triggered, driving the buzzer to sound continuously at 1-second intervals until it is manually reset or the packet loss rate falls below the second-level threshold.

7. A method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The BMC uploads real-time packet loss data and alarm logs to a remote management platform via the IPMI protocol. The remote platform generates a visual report based on the received packet loss trend data and supports remote configuration of thresholds.

8. A method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The dynamic threshold processing module also includes an abnormal jitter detection unit, which automatically triggers threshold recalculation and generates a temporary alarm correction notification when the packet loss rate fluctuation in unit time exceeds 2.5 times the historical variance.

9. A method and system for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The I2C bus link between the network card PHY chip and the BMC is equipped with a pull-up resistor with a resistance value of 4.7kΩ, and the bus voltage matches the 3.3V level standard to ensure the anti-interference performance of data transmission.

10. A method for real-time monitoring and alarming of network card packet loss, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Periodically reads the packet loss data of the network card PHY register through the BMC's I2C bus; S2: Generate three-level alarm thresholds using a dynamic threshold algorithm and compare them with real-time data; S3: Trigger log records or buzzer alarms based on packet loss levels, and upload them to the remote management platform simultaneously.

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