A fully automated water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things

Abstract

This invention discloses a fully automatic water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things (IoT), belonging to the field of IoT technology. It aims to solve the pressure fluctuation problems caused by response lag and operational errors in traditional manual water pressure operations. The system includes: a construction parameter input module for receiving user-inputted construction parameters; a data acquisition module for acquiring real-time injection rate data and pipeline pressure data; a data processing module for calculating cumulative flow based on real-time injection rate data and calculating gauge pressure and peak pressure based on pipeline pressure data; a report generation and display module for generating water pressure recording reports and displaying pressure and flow curves in real time based on cumulative flow, gauge pressure, and peak pressure; an adaptive PID control module for dynamically adjusting the plunger pump speed to maintain pipeline pressure within the target pressure range; and a safety protection module for outputting a stop command to stop the plunger pump when the pipeline pressure exceeds the safe pressure limit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, specifically to a fully automated water pressure recording system based on IoT. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional water pressure testing, the accuracy and adaptability of the pressure control system have always been key technical bottlenecks restricting construction efficiency and safety. The manual adjustment method currently widely used in the industry has significant drawbacks: operators need to continuously observe the pressure gauge readings and manually adjust the valve opening. This control mode, which relies on manual experience, is prone to pipeline pressure fluctuations due to response lag or operational errors. This can lead to pipeline rupture risks due to overpressure, or affect the accuracy of water pressure test data due to insufficient pressure.

[0003] The above background information is provided only to aid in understanding the concept and technical solution of this invention. It does not necessarily belong to the prior art of this patent application. In the absence of clear evidence that the above information was disclosed on the filing date of this patent application, the above background information should not be used to evaluate the novelty and inventiveness of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a fully automatic water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things, which solves the problem of pressure fluctuation caused by response lag and operation error in the traditional manual adjustment method of water pressure operation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application disclose the following technical solutions:

[0006] A fully automated water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things includes:

[0007] The construction parameter input module is used to receive construction parameters input by the user. The construction parameters include borehole number, section number, target pressure, safe pressure limit, rock mass permeability coefficient, and operation type.

[0008] The data acquisition module is used to collect real-time injection rate data through an electronic scale sensor and to collect pipeline pressure data through a pressure sensor.

[0009] The data processing module is used to calculate the cumulative flow based on real-time injection rate data, and to calculate the gauge pressure and peak pressure based on pipeline pressure data;

[0010] The report generation and display module is used to generate pressurized water record reports and display pressure and flow curves in real time based on cumulative flow, gauge pressure, and peak pressure.

[0011] The adaptive PID control module is used to dynamically adjust the speed of the plunger pump based on pipeline pressure data, real-time plunger pump speed, real-time injection rate data, rock mass permeability coefficient and operation type to keep the pipeline pressure within the target pressure range.

[0012] The safety protection module is used to output a shutdown command to stop the plunger pump when the pipeline pressure is detected to exceed the safe pressure limit.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the adaptive PID control module includes:

[0014] The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the filtered real-time injection rate array and the filtered real-time pressure array;

[0015] The control algorithm unit is used to call the adaptive proportional PID control method. The input parameters include real-time injection rate, filtered real-time injection rate array, real-time pressure, filtered real-time pressure array, target pressure, rock mass permeability coefficient, operation type, plunger pump operating status, current speed and PID parameter mapping table.

[0016] The parameter selection unit is used to dynamically select the proportional coefficient, integral time constant, and derivative time constant based on the PID parameter mapping table, according to the operation type and rock mass permeability coefficient.

[0017] The instruction generation unit is used to generate a plunger pump speed adjustment instruction based on the output result of the adaptive proportional PID control method and send it to the plunger pump controller.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the control algorithm unit includes:

[0019] The proportional control calculation unit is used to calculate the proportional control component based on the deviation between the filtered real-time pressure array and the target pressure.

[0020] The integral control calculation unit is used to calculate the integral control components based on the cumulative deviation between the filtered real-time pressure array and the target pressure, combined with the rock mass permeability coefficient to correct the integral gain.

[0021] The differential control calculation unit is used to calculate the differential control components based on the instantaneous deviation rate between the real-time pressure and the target pressure.

[0022] The adjustment quantity generation unit is used to superimpose the proportional control component, integral control component and derivative control component to generate the piston pump speed adjustment quantity.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the data acquisition module includes:

[0024] The injection rate acquisition unit is used to continuously acquire the weight data of the injected fluid through the electronic scale sensor at a preset first sampling frequency, and convert it into a real-time injection rate based on the time interval and weight difference between two adjacent sampling points.

[0025] The pressure acquisition unit is used to acquire raw pipeline pressure data through a pressure sensor at a preset second sampling frequency, and to perform moving average filtering on the raw data by selecting the moving average filter window length according to the sensor noise level to obtain pipeline pressure data.

[0026] In some possible implementations, the report generation and display module includes:

[0027] The Lvrong value calculation unit is used to calculate the current Lvrong value according to the formula Lvrong value = real-time injection rate / gauge pressure;

[0028] The data storage unit is used to store the cumulative flow, pressure, peak pressure and Lvrong value into the database according to the timestamp;

[0029] The report generation unit is used to extract all data of the current construction section and generate a water pressure record report that includes permeability evaluation.

[0030] The curve display unit is used to plot pipeline pressure data and real-time injection rate data as dynamic curves and display them synchronously via an IoT terminal.

[0031] In some possible implementations, the data storage unit includes:

[0032] The data recording unit is used to record the cumulative flow, meter pressure, peak pressure, and Lvrong value one by one according to a preset time interval;

[0033] The data packet generation unit is used to add borehole number, segment number, rock mass permeability coefficient and construction timestamp to each record to generate a structured data packet;

[0034] The data upload unit is used to upload structured data packets to the cloud database via the IoT communication module and receive the data verification results returned by the cloud.

[0035] In some possible implementations, the construction parameter input module includes:

[0036] The format verification unit is used to verify the format of the hole number and segment number entered by the user. If the verification fails, a parameter error message is generated and the user is asked to re-enter the information.

[0037] The logic verification unit is used to perform logic verification on the target pressure and the safety pressure limit to ensure that the safety pressure limit is greater than the preset proportional threshold of the target pressure.

[0038] The job type recommendation unit is used to associate a pre-set job type recommendation list based on the geological classification interval to which the rock mass permeability coefficient belongs.

[0039] The conflict alarm unit is used to trigger a job type conflict alarm and request secondary confirmation when the job type selected by the user does not match the recommended list.

[0040] The parameter encapsulation unit is used to encapsulate the verified construction parameters into a structured parameter package and send it to the adaptive PID control module.

[0041] In some possible implementations, the parameter selection unit includes:

[0042] The basic parameter extraction unit is used to extract the basic proportional coefficient, basic integral time constant, and basic derivative time constant from the PID parameter mapping table according to the job type.

[0043] The correction factor calculation unit is used to calculate the proportional coefficient correction factor and the integral time correction factor based on the permeability grade range to which the rock mass permeability coefficient belongs.

[0044] The scaling factor calculation unit is used to multiply the basic scaling factor by the scaling factor correction factor to obtain the final scaling factor;

[0045] The integration time calculation unit is used to divide the basic integration time constant by the integration time correction factor to obtain the final integration time constant;

[0046] The parameter set generation unit is used to generate a PID parameter set containing the final proportional coefficient, the final integral time constant, and the basic derivative time constant while keeping the basic derivative time constant constant.

[0047] In some possible implementations, the integral control calculation unit includes:

[0048] The deviation array calculation unit is used to calculate the difference between each element in the filtered real-time pressure array and the target pressure, thus obtaining the pressure deviation array.

[0049] The deviation accumulation calculation unit is used to accumulate and sum the pressure deviation array to obtain the cumulative pressure deviation value;

[0050] The gain weight query unit is used to query a preset integral gain correction coefficient table based on the rock mass permeability coefficient to obtain the corresponding integral gain weight.

[0051] The integral component correction unit is used to multiply the accumulated pressure deviation value by the integral gain weight to obtain the corrected integral control component.

[0052] In some possible implementations, the data uploading unit includes:

[0053] The verification result parsing unit is used to parse the data verification results returned by the cloud and determine whether the structured data packet has been uploaded completely.

[0054] The data retransmission unit is used to trigger the local caching mechanism to repackage the data that was not successfully uploaded if the verification result is that the data packet is missing or the verification code is incorrect.

[0055] The report generation unit is used to generate a data integrity report based on the retransmission count threshold and the verification failure type.

[0056] The anomaly alarm unit is used to send a data storage anomaly alarm command to the IoT terminal when the number of consecutive retransmission failures exceeds a preset threshold.

[0057] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0058] The construction parameter input module receives user-inputted construction parameters, including borehole number, section number, target pressure, safe pressure limit, rock permeability coefficient, and operation type, providing the system with basic data for different construction scenarios and geological conditions. The data acquisition module collects real-time injection rate data via an electronic scale sensor and pipeline pressure data via a pressure sensor, enabling real-time monitoring of key parameters during construction. The data processing module calculates cumulative flow based on real-time injection rate data and gauge pressure and peak pressure based on pipeline pressure data, providing processed data for subsequent control and analysis. The report generation and display module generates water pressure record reports based on cumulative flow, gauge pressure, and peak pressure, and displays pressure and flow curves in real time, allowing construction personnel to intuitively understand the construction status.

[0059] The adaptive PID control module dynamically adjusts the plunger pump speed based on pipeline pressure data, real-time plunger pump speed, real-time injection rate data, rock permeability coefficient, and operation type to maintain pipeline pressure within the target range. This solves the pressure fluctuation problems caused by response lag and operational errors in manual adjustment. Furthermore, by incorporating rock permeability coefficient and operation type parameters, the system can adapt to fully automatic pressure recording and control systems with varying geological conditions and construction standards, enhancing its adaptability. The safety protection module outputs a shutdown command to stop the plunger pump when it detects that the pipeline pressure exceeds the safe pressure limit, preventing the risk of pipeline rupture due to overpressure and enhancing construction safety.

[0060] Through the above technical solutions, the IoT-based fully automatic water pressure recording system realizes automatic processing of construction parameters, real-time acquisition and processing of key data, adaptive pressure control, and safety protection. It solves the problems of low pressure control accuracy, poor adaptability, and insufficient safety in traditional water pressure operations, and provides a more efficient, safer, and more accurate solution for water pressure operations. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the data interaction between various modules of a fully automatic water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things, provided for some embodiments of this application.

[0062] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the data interaction between the various units of the adaptive PID control module.

[0063] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of data interaction between the various units of the control algorithm unit shown in the figure;

[0064] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the data interaction between the various units of the data acquisition module shown in the image.

[0065] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the data interaction between the various units of the report generation and display module.

[0066] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the data interaction between the various units of the data storage unit shown;

[0067] Figure 7 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the data interaction between the various units of the construction parameter input module.

[0068] Figure 8 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of data interaction between the various units of the parameter selection unit shown in the figure;

[0069] Figure 9 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of data interaction between the various units of the integral control calculation unit shown in the figure;

[0070] Figure 10 for Figure 6 The diagram shows the data interaction between the various units of the data upload unit. Detailed Implementation

[0071] Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail. Although the invention is described in conjunction with these specific embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to these specific embodiments. Rather, these embodiments are intended to cover alternative, modified, or equivalent embodiments that may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. The invention may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well-known processes have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the invention.

[0072] When used in conjunction with the terms "comprising," "method comprising," or similar language in this specification and appended claims, the singular forms "a," "some," and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0073] Please see Figure 1 This application provides an IoT-based fully automatic water pressure recording system, comprising:

[0074] Construction parameter input module 1 is used to receive construction parameters input by the user. The construction parameters include borehole number, section number, target pressure, safe pressure limit, rock mass permeability coefficient and operation type.

[0075] Data acquisition module 2 is used to acquire real-time injection rate data through an electronic scale sensor and to acquire pipeline pressure data through a pressure sensor.

[0076] Data processing module 3 is used to calculate the cumulative flow based on real-time injection rate data, and to calculate the gauge pressure and peak pressure based on pipeline pressure data;

[0077] The report generation and display module 4 is used to generate pressurized water record reports and display pressure and flow curves in real time based on cumulative flow, gauge pressure and peak pressure.

[0078] The adaptive PID control module 5 is used to dynamically adjust the speed of the plunger pump based on pipeline pressure data, real-time plunger pump speed, real-time injection rate data, rock mass permeability coefficient and operation type to keep the pipeline pressure within the target pressure range.

[0079] Safety protection module 6 is used to output a shutdown command to stop the plunger pump when the pipeline pressure is detected to exceed the safe pressure limit.

[0080] Please see Figure 2 In some embodiments, the adaptive PID control module 5 includes:

[0081] Data acquisition unit 51 is used to acquire the filtered real-time injection rate array and the filtered real-time pressure array;

[0082] The control algorithm unit 52 is used to call the adaptive proportional PID control method. The input parameters include real-time injection rate, filtered real-time injection rate array, real-time pressure, filtered real-time pressure array, target pressure, rock mass permeability coefficient, operation type, plunger pump operating status, current speed and PID parameter mapping table.

[0083] The parameter selection unit 53 is used to dynamically select the proportional coefficient, integral time constant and derivative time constant based on the PID parameter mapping table, according to the operation type and rock mass permeability coefficient.

[0084] The instruction generation unit 54 is used to generate a plunger pump speed adjustment instruction based on the output result of the adaptive proportional PID control method and send it to the plunger pump controller. The data acquisition unit 51 acquires filtered real-time injection rate arrays and filtered real-time pressure arrays, which reduces noise interference in the original data to improve the reliability of the input signal and provides more accurate basic data for the control algorithm. The control algorithm unit 52 calls the adaptive proportional PID control method and inputs parameters including rock permeability coefficient and operation type, enabling the control algorithm to dynamically adjust the control strategy according to specific working conditions. The parameter selection unit 53 dynamically selects the proportional coefficient, integral time constant, and derivative time constant based on the PID parameter mapping table, according to the operation type and rock permeability coefficient, so that the PID control parameters match the geological conditions and construction standards of the current operation, avoiding the problem of adjustment lag or over-adjustment of fixed parameters under different working conditions, improving the accuracy of pressure control and the system's adaptability to diverse working conditions. The instruction generation unit 54 generates a plunger pump speed adjustment instruction based on the output of the adaptive proportional PID control method and sends it to the plunger pump controller, which can realize real-time adjustment of the plunger pump speed, thereby stabilizing the pipeline pressure within the target range, enhancing the real-time performance and effectiveness of the control process, reducing the need for manual intervention, and improving construction efficiency.

[0085] Please see Figure 3 In some embodiments, the control algorithm unit 52 includes:

[0086] The proportional control calculation unit 521 is used to calculate the proportional control component based on the deviation between the filtered real-time pressure array and the target pressure.

[0087] The integral control calculation unit 522 is used to calculate the integral control component based on the cumulative deviation between the filtered real-time pressure array and the target pressure, combined with the rock mass permeability coefficient to correct the integral gain.

[0088] The differential control calculation unit 523 is used to calculate the differential control component based on the instantaneous deviation rate between the real-time pressure and the target pressure.

[0089] The adjustment quantity generation unit 524 is used to superimpose the proportional control component, integral control component, and derivative control component to generate the plunger pump speed adjustment quantity. This allows for rapid response to pressure deviations, integral control to eliminate steady-state errors, and derivative control to predict pressure change trends, thereby improving the system's ability to suppress pressure fluctuations. Furthermore, for formations with different permeability coefficients, the integral gain can be adjusted to adapt to formation characteristics. In high-permeability formations, the integral gain is automatically reduced to prevent integral saturation and pressure overshoot, while in low-permeability formations, the integral gain is increased to accelerate pressure stabilization. This enables the system to control pressure more accurately under different formation conditions, improving the precision and stability of pressure control, and ultimately enhancing the performance and reliability of the entire IoT-based fully automatic pressure water recording system.

[0090] Please see Figure 4 In some embodiments, the data acquisition module 2 includes:

[0091] The injection rate acquisition unit 21 is used to continuously acquire the weight data of the injected fluid through the electronic scale sensor at a preset first sampling frequency, and convert it into a real-time injection rate based on the time interval and weight difference between two adjacent sampling points; for example, the first sampling frequency can be, but is not limited to, 10 times per second.

[0092] The pressure acquisition unit 22 is used to acquire raw pipeline pressure data through a pressure sensor at a preset second sampling frequency, and to perform moving average filtering on the raw data by selecting the moving average filtering window length according to the sensor noise level, thereby obtaining pipeline pressure data. For example, the second sampling frequency can be, but is not limited to, 20 times per second.

[0093] Please see Figure 5 In some embodiments, the report generation and display module 4 includes:

[0094] Lvrong value calculation unit 41 is used to calculate the current Lvrong value according to the formula Lvrong value = real-time injection rate / gauge pressure;

[0095] Data storage unit 42 is used to store the cumulative flow, pressure, peak pressure and Lvrong value to the database according to the timestamp;

[0096] The report generation unit 43 is used to extract all data of the current construction section and generate a water pressure record report that includes permeability evaluation.

[0097] The curve display unit 44 is used to plot pipeline pressure data and real-time injection rate data as dynamic curves and display them synchronously via an IoT terminal. Specifically, the Lloyd's value calculation unit 41 calculates the current Lloyd's value according to the formula Lloyd's value = real-time injection rate / gauge pressure, providing a direct basis for evaluating the permeability of the pressurized water operation; the data storage unit 42 stores the cumulative flow, gauge pressure, peak pressure, and Lloyd's value into the database by timestamp, achieving structured management and full-process traceability of construction data; the report generation unit 43 extracts all data from the current construction section to generate a pressurized water record report containing permeability evaluation, outputting the operation results in a standardized format to reduce errors and time consumption from manual recording; and the curve display unit 44 plots pipeline pressure data and real-time injection rate data as dynamic curves and displays them synchronously via an IoT terminal, enabling construction personnel to intuitively and in real-time grasp the changing trends of pressure and flow, promptly identify abnormalities during construction, and adjust operational strategies, thereby improving the standardization, data accuracy, and construction efficiency of the pressurized water operation.

[0098] Please see Figure 6 In some embodiments, the data storage unit 42 includes:

[0099] The data recording unit 421 is used to record the cumulative flow, meter pressure, peak pressure and Lvrong value one by one according to a preset time interval; for example, the time interval can be, but is not limited to, 5 seconds.

[0100] The data packet generation unit 422 is used to add borehole number, segment number, rock mass permeability coefficient and construction timestamp to each record to generate a structured data packet;

[0101] The data upload unit 423 is used to upload structured data packets to the cloud database through the Internet of Things communication module and receive the data verification results returned by the cloud.

[0102] Please see Figure 7 In some embodiments, the construction parameter input module 1 includes:

[0103] The format verification unit 11 is used to verify the format of the hole number and segment number input by the user. If the verification fails, a parameter error message is generated and the user is asked to re-enter the information. This avoids system recognition errors or data recording chaos caused by incorrect parameter formats, and ensures the accuracy of basic parameters from the source.

[0104] The logic verification unit 12 is used to perform logic verification on the target pressure and the safe pressure limit to ensure that the safe pressure limit is greater than the preset proportional threshold of the target pressure. In this way, by establishing a safe logical relationship between pressure parameters, the hidden danger of overpressure caused by contradictions in parameter settings can be eliminated, providing a basic guarantee for construction safety.

[0105] The job type recommendation unit 13 is used to associate a pre-set job type recommendation list with the geological classification interval to which the rock mass permeability coefficient belongs. In this way, the inherent relationship between geological parameters and job types can be used to provide users with intelligent selection references and reduce the probability of the test results being affected by improper selection of job types.

[0106] The conflict alarm unit 14 is used to trigger a job type conflict alarm and request secondary confirmation when the job type selected by the user does not match the recommended list. In this way, abnormal selections can be intervened through human-computer interaction, avoiding unnecessary operational errors and improving the rationality of job type selection.

[0107] The parameter encapsulation unit 15 is used to encapsulate the verified construction parameters into a structured parameter package and send it to the adaptive PID control module 5. This ensures that the front-end input parameters can be accurately parsed and invoked by the back-end control module.

[0108] Please see Figure 8 In some embodiments, the parameter selection unit 53 includes:

[0109] The basic parameter extraction unit 531 is used to extract the basic proportional coefficient, basic integral time constant and basic derivative time constant from the PID parameter mapping table according to the job type.

[0110] Correction factor calculation unit 532 is used to calculate the proportional coefficient correction factor and integral time correction factor according to the permeability grade range to which the rock mass permeability coefficient belongs.

[0111] The scaling factor calculation unit 533 is used to multiply the basic scaling factor by the scaling factor correction factor to obtain the final scaling factor;

[0112] The integration time calculation unit 534 is used to divide the basic integration time constant by the integration time correction factor to obtain the final integration time constant;

[0113] The parameter group generation unit 535 is used to generate a PID parameter group containing the final proportional coefficient, the final integral time constant, and the basic differential time constant while keeping the basic differential time constant constant. This allows the system to automatically match the corresponding PID control parameters according to different operation types and rock mass permeability coefficients, eliminating the need for tedious manual parameter resetting and debugging for different geological conditions and construction standards. This improves the system's adaptability to diverse working conditions and ensures that the plunger pump speed can be reasonably controlled by dynamically adjusting the proportional coefficient and integral time constant in different strata, thereby stabilizing the pipeline pressure within the target range and improving the accuracy of pressure control and the system's versatility.

[0114] Please see Figure 9In some embodiments, the integral control calculation unit 522 includes:

[0115] The deviation array calculation unit 5221 is used to calculate the difference between each element in the filtered real-time pressure array and the target pressure to obtain the pressure deviation array;

[0116] The deviation accumulation calculation unit 5222 is used to accumulate and sum the pressure deviation array to obtain the pressure deviation accumulation value;

[0117] The gain weight query unit 5223 is used to query a preset integral gain correction coefficient table based on the rock mass permeability coefficient to obtain the corresponding integral gain weight.

[0118] The integral component correction unit 5224 is used to multiply the accumulated pressure deviation value with the integral gain weight to obtain the corrected integral control component.

[0119] Please see Figure 10 In some embodiments, the data uploading unit 423 includes:

[0120] The verification result parsing unit 4231 is used to parse the data verification result returned by the cloud and determine whether the structured data packet has been uploaded completely.

[0121] The data retransmission unit 4232 is used to trigger the local caching mechanism to repackage the data that was not successfully uploaded if the verification result is that the data packet is missing or the verification code is incorrect.

[0122] The report generation unit 4233 is used to generate a data integrity report based on the retransmission count threshold and the verification failure type.

[0123] The anomaly alarm unit 4234 is used to send a data storage anomaly alarm command to the IoT terminal when the number of consecutive retransmission failures exceeds a preset threshold.

[0124] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation methods of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-automatic water pressure recording system based on Internet of Things, characterized in that, include: The construction parameter input module is used to receive construction parameters input by the user. The construction parameters include borehole number, section number, target pressure, safe pressure limit, rock mass permeability coefficient, and operation type. The data acquisition module is used to collect real-time injection rate data through an electronic scale sensor and to collect pipeline pressure data through a pressure sensor. The data processing module is used to calculate the cumulative flow based on the real-time injection rate data, and to calculate the gauge pressure and peak pressure based on the pipeline pressure data; The report generation and display module is used to generate a water pressure record report and display the pressure and flow curves in real time based on the cumulative flow, gauge pressure and peak pressure. An adaptive PID control module is used to dynamically adjust the speed of the plunger pump based on the pipeline pressure data, the real-time speed of the plunger pump, the real-time injection rate data, the rock mass permeability coefficient, and the operation type, so that the pipeline pressure is maintained within the target pressure range. The safety protection module is used to output a shutdown command to stop the plunger pump when the pipeline pressure is detected to exceed the safety pressure limit. The adaptive PID control module includes: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the filtered real-time injection rate array and the filtered real-time pressure array; The control algorithm unit is used to call the adaptive proportional PID control method. The input parameters include real-time injection rate, filtered real-time injection rate array, real-time pressure, filtered real-time pressure array, target pressure, rock mass permeability coefficient, operation type, plunger pump operating status, current speed and PID parameter mapping table. The parameter selection unit is used to dynamically select the proportional coefficient, integral time constant, and derivative time constant based on the PID parameter mapping table, according to the operation type and rock mass permeability coefficient. The instruction generation unit is used to generate a plunger pump speed adjustment instruction based on the output result of the adaptive proportional PID control method and send it to the plunger pump controller.

2. The fully automatic water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control algorithm unit includes: The proportional control calculation unit is used to calculate the proportional control component based on the deviation between the filtered real-time pressure array and the target pressure. The integral control calculation unit is used to calculate the integral control component based on the cumulative deviation between the filtered real-time pressure array and the target pressure, combined with the rock mass permeability coefficient to correct the integral gain. The differential control calculation unit is used to calculate the differential control component based on the instantaneous deviation rate between the real-time pressure and the target pressure. The adjustment quantity generation unit is used to superimpose the proportional control component, integral control component and derivative control component to generate the piston pump speed adjustment quantity.

3. The fully automatic water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition module includes: The injection rate acquisition unit is used to continuously acquire the weight data of the injected fluid through the electronic scale sensor at a preset first sampling frequency, and convert it into a real-time injection rate based on the time interval and weight difference between two adjacent sampling points. The pressure acquisition unit is used to acquire raw pipeline pressure data through a pressure sensor at a preset second sampling frequency, and to perform moving average filtering on the raw data by selecting the moving average filtering window length according to the sensor noise level, so as to obtain the pipeline pressure data.

4. The fully automatic water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The report generation and display module includes: The Lvrong value calculation unit is used to calculate the current Lvrong value according to the formula Lvrong value = real-time injection rate / gauge pressure; The data storage unit is used to store the cumulative flow, pressure, peak pressure and Lvrong value into the database according to the timestamp; The report generation unit is used to extract all data of the current construction section and generate a water pressure record report that includes permeability evaluation. The curve display unit is used to plot the pipeline pressure data and real-time injection rate data as dynamic curves and display them synchronously through an Internet of Things terminal.

5. The fully automatic water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 4, characterized in that, The data storage unit includes: The data recording unit is used to record the cumulative flow, meter pressure, peak pressure, and Lvrong value one by one according to a preset time interval; The data packet generation unit is used to add borehole number, segment number, rock mass permeability coefficient and construction timestamp to each record to generate a structured data packet; The data upload unit is used to upload the structured data packet to the cloud database through the Internet of Things communication module and receive the data verification result returned by the cloud.

6. The fully automatic water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction parameter input module includes: The format verification unit is used to verify the format of the hole number and segment number entered by the user. If the verification fails, a parameter error message is generated and the user is asked to re-enter the information. The logic verification unit is used to perform logic verification on the target pressure and the safety pressure limit to ensure that the safety pressure limit is greater than the preset proportional threshold of the target pressure. The job type recommendation unit is used to associate a pre-set job type recommendation list based on the geological classification interval to which the rock mass permeability coefficient belongs. The conflict alarm unit is used to trigger a job type conflict alarm and request secondary confirmation when the job type selected by the user does not match the recommended list. The parameter encapsulation unit is used to encapsulate the verified construction parameters into a structured parameter package and send it to the adaptive PID control module.

7. The fully automatic water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameter selection unit includes: The basic parameter extraction unit is used to extract the basic proportional coefficient, basic integral time constant, and basic derivative time constant from the PID parameter mapping table according to the job type. The correction factor calculation unit is used to calculate the proportional coefficient correction factor and the integral time correction factor based on the permeability grade range to which the rock mass permeability coefficient belongs. The scaling factor calculation unit is used to multiply the basic scaling factor by the scaling factor correction factor to obtain the final scaling factor; The integration time calculation unit is used to divide the basic integration time constant by the integration time correction factor to obtain the final integration time constant; The parameter set generation unit is used to generate a PID parameter set containing the final proportional coefficient, the final integral time constant, and the basic derivative time constant while keeping the basic derivative time constant constant.

8. The fully automatic water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2, characterized in that, The integral control calculation unit includes: The deviation array calculation unit is used to calculate the difference between each element in the filtered real-time pressure array and the target pressure, thus obtaining the pressure deviation array. The deviation accumulation calculation unit is used to accumulate and sum the pressure deviation array to obtain the cumulative pressure deviation value; The gain weight query unit is used to query a preset integral gain correction coefficient table based on the rock mass permeability coefficient to obtain the corresponding integral gain weight. The integral component correction unit is used to multiply the accumulated pressure deviation value by the integral gain weight to obtain the corrected integral control component.

9. The fully automatic water pressure recording system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 5, characterized in that, The data upload unit includes: The verification result parsing unit is used to parse the data verification results returned by the cloud and determine whether the structured data packet has been uploaded completely. The data retransmission unit is used to trigger the local caching mechanism to repackage the data that was not successfully uploaded if the verification result is that the data packet is missing or the verification code is incorrect. The report generation unit is used to generate a data integrity report based on the retransmission count threshold and the verification failure type. The anomaly alarm unit is used to send a data storage anomaly alarm command to the IoT terminal when the number of consecutive retransmission failures exceeds a preset threshold.

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